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- Packet Drivers, made simple 9 Jan 1990
-
- by Joe R. Doupnik, Utah State University
- jrd@usu.Bitnet, jrd@cc.usu.edu 129.123.1.1
-
- for Novell Technology Transfer Partnership
-
-
- The problem:
-
- Ethernet is a common, or the most common, large organization method
- of networking systems. To date, the many programs (applications) designed to
- talk across Ethernet all have built-in drivers for particular Ethernet boards.
-
- That means that each application owns the Ethernet board and other
- applications cannot use it simultaneously. Goodbye Novell file server(s) if
- TCP/IP is needed.
-
- That also has meant that different applications have not used a common
- pool of Ethernet boards and the user may have to install two of them, if that
- is possible on many PCs. Expensive and a real pain for system maintainers.
-
- Changing applications means reconfiguring the PC and then rebooting.
-
-
- The solution:
-
- Suppose some small piece of software owned the Ethernet board and
- provided a standard interface to all software packages. That would give
- standardization for the applications, and require only one board per PC.
-
- Further suppose this small item, named a Packet Driver, allowed
- applications to register themselves by saying to the P.D. -
-
- Pac baby:
- I want packets of the following kind(s) and when you see one like
- that call me at this address, immediately. (801) 555-1212.
- Sincerly,
- Big App
-
- Or even the reverse if the application is packing up shop and quiting.
-
- This second part allows multiple applications to come and go while
- the tiny Packet Driver remains in memory; it uses just a few Kbytes. And it
- allows several applications to register for different kinds of packets. Each
- application remains ignorant of traffic not destined for itself.
-
- Applications have to be built to use the Packet Driver interface
- rather than wanting an Ethernet board to themselves. They are now being
- written that way.
-
-
-
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-
-
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- Packet Drivers, made simple 2-3
-
-
- Ethernet packet construction
-
- a packet, 64 to ~1000 bytes
- ---------------------------------------------------------------
- | preamble.. | from address | to address | TYPE | ...data.... |
- ---------------------------------------------------------------
- 6 bytes 6 bytes 2 bytes many bytes
-
- Regular Ethernet uses the TYPE field to hold a number which is the
- kind of protocol. Novell's TYPE is 8137.
-
- IEEE 802.3 Ethernet (much less popular) uses that field to count
- the number of bytes that follow, even though the Ethernet board itself
- provides that information. Thus, software must look in the data field to
- locate any protocol kind, and that will cost time and impose a load on
- machines.
-
- The TO address refers to an Ethernet hardware address, normally that
- set into the board by the manufacturer and hence unique in the world. But, a
- big headache is that address can be one to be received by several places or
- by all places (Multicast or Broadcast). Broadcast traffic hits every single
- board in the place. TCP and NFS and Unix systems love to broadcast, a lot.
-
- Packet Driver concept, from FTP Software Inc.
- -------------------- /======= coax ========>
- | Ethernet board |- T
- -------------------- \======= coax ========>
- |
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
- Packet Driver == Owner of the Board
- Board interrupts Packet Driver, saying "Got another pkt for you".
- Get TYPE from board's packet buffer.
- Scan list of requestors to find match of TYPE and requestor's Type.
- If a match pass packet to requestor, clears board for next packet.
- If no match discard packet, clears board for next packet.
- ------------------------------------------------------------------
- | | | ... |
- NetWare TCP/IP NFS other requestors
-
- Advantages:
- 1) Run multiple applications across the same board, simultaneously if req'd.
- Each registers and can deregister itself with the Packet Driver.
- 2) One board fits all, no buying different boards for different applications.
- Current boards: WD8003E, 3C501, 3C503, 3C523, NI5010, NI5210, DLINK,
- (NE-1000 running at USU), and more directly from vendors. Recommend the
- WD8003E, then the 3C503. The NE-1000 is similar to both.
- 3) Much faster filtering of "junk" packets, particularly and especially
- Broadcast and Multicast packets found on heavily used networks.
- 4) Consequence of 3) the PC uses far fewer cpu cycles servicing the network.
- 5) No more reconfiguring and rebooting to change applications.
- 6) Connect to a Novell File Server (or servers) and still run TCP/IP or
- PC-NFS or ... with the Novell systems remaining active and available for
- file serving and printing.
- 7) Thus the Packet Driver acts as a fast smart secretary, bothering clients
- only when packets arrive specifically for them. If an application has
- slow or weak code for handling packets then the P.D. is a boon.
- 9) Packet Driver size is very small and the P.D. + Novell Shell (IPX + NETx)
- is very nearly the same size as without a Packet Driver.
- 10) TYPE 8137 is REQUIRED by NetWare/VMS, no way around it.
-
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- Packet Drivers, made simple 3-3
-
- Other comments and opinions:
- 11) Alas, my experience is that ordinary Novell 2.1x File Servers are unable
- to cohabit a heavily used campus backbone for some kinds of boards. But
- converting the server to use Regular Ethernet packets with TYPE 8137
- allows them to very rapidly discard unwanted pkts and live happily for
- weeks on end attached to a main backbone. Whew!
- 12) BYU and Novell have made life easy for us by providing the ECONFIG.EXE
- utility to convert file servers to TYPE 8137 and even to change shells
- to the same system. It's reversable too. Apply to NET$OS.EX1, and to
- IPX.COM (but only if not using Packet Drivers, else build IPX for PD).
- 13) FTP Software Inc has made life easy for us by providing the Packet Driver
- specification and making it public.
- 14) Ethernet board vendors are rapidly supplying Packet Drivers for their
- products. Hot stuff this year. From the user's side all P.D.'s are
- supposed to look alike; things are improving in this regard.
- 15) New Packet Drivers are being developed by individuals and are available
- at no cost across the networks. The central distribution point is
- Crynwr Software, Russ Nelson, nelson@crynwr.com.
-