<a name="1047932"> </a>Other Surface Control Effects
</h2>
<p id="1015922" class="Body">
<a name="1015922"> </a>The Surface Control effects let you manipulate paper, color, and light to produce a variety of interesting visual effects. Many of these effects also let you add texture to an image, producing the illusion of paint on a canvas or paper.
</p>
<h3 id="1015937" class="Heading2">
<a name="1015937"> </a>Apply Screen
</h3>
<p id="1015938" class="Body">
<a name="1015938"> </a>Apply Screen is another way to add texture to an image. It combines luminance, the selected paper texture, and the three colors you pick, to add a three-color screen to anáimage.
<li class="SmartList1" value="3"><a name="1015987"> </a>In the Apply Screen dialog box, choose three colors by clicking each color icon and choosing a color from the color picker.</li>
<li class="SmartList1" value="4"><a name="1015989"> </a>Move the Threshold 1 slider to determine how much of the second and third colors will be in the image. </li>
<p id="1015990" class="ToDoBody">
<a name="1015990"> </a>Moving the slider to the left increases the amount of the third color. Moving it to the right increases the amount of the second color.
</p>
<li class="SmartList1" value="5"><a name="1015991"> </a>Move the Threshold 2 slider to determine how much of the first color will be in the image. </li>
<p id="1015992" class="ToDoBody">
<a name="1015992"> </a>Moving the slider to the left decreases the amount of the first color. Moving it to the rightáincreases the amount of the first color.
</p>
<li class="SmartList1" value="6"><a name="1015994"> </a>Choose one of the following methods from the Using pop-up menu:</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li class="Bulleted2"><a name="1015995"> </a><span style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline">Paper</span> produces a screen using the paper grain. If the Papers palette is open, you can choose different textures while the Apply Screen dialog is open.</li>
<li class="Bulleted2"><a name="1015996"> </a><span style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline">Image Luminance</span> creates texture based on the image's brightness. It is similar to a three-level posterization.</li>
<li class="Bulleted2"><a name="1015997"> </a><span style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline">Original Luminance</span> adds texture based on the clone source document's brightness. </li>
<li class="Bulleted2"><a name="1015998"> </a><span style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline">[Alpha channel]</span> or <span style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline">[Layer mask]</span> adds texture based on the luminance of a channel or layer mask. The pop-up menu lists each alpha channel in the document. If a layer with a layer mask is selected, the layer mask is also listed.</li>
</ul>
<ol type="1">
<li class="SmartList1" value="7"><a name="1015999"> </a>When you are satisfied with the settings, click OK to apply the effect.</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="1000406" class="Heading2">
<a name="1000406"> </a>Color Overlay
</h3>
<p id="1000407" class="Body">
<a name="1000407"> </a>Use the Color Overlay effect to simultaneously add color and texture to an image.
<a name="1005527"> </a><i>The Color Overlay effect.
</i></p>
<p id="1000416" class="Body">
<a name="1000416"> </a>The color is taken from the current color on the Colors palette. Both color and texture are applied using one of five methods:
</p>
<ul>
<li class="SmartList1"><a name="1000418"> </a><span style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline">Uniform Color</span> adds a flat tint to the image.</li>
<li class="SmartList1"><a name="1000420"> </a><span style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline">Paper</span> overlays a color using the paper texture as a mapping model. More color is applied to light areas in the paper grain; less color is applied to dark areas.</li>
<li class="SmartList1"><a name="1000422"> </a><span style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline">Image Luminance</span> uses the image's brightness as the model for the color overlay. More of the effect is applied to light areas in the original image; less is applied to darker areas.</li>
<li class="SmartList1"><a name="1000424"> </a><span style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline">Original Luminance</span> uses the luminance of the clone source as the model for the color overlay. Light areas in the clone source produce more color in the image.</li>
<li class="SmartList1"><a name="1000426"> </a><span style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline">[Alpha channel]</span> or <span style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline">[Layer mask]</span> uses the values in the channel or layer mask as the model for the color overlay. More color is applied to the light areas of the channel or mask, and less to dark areas.</li>
<p id="1000427" class="ToDoBody">
<a name="1000427"> </a>You can use this method only if you have a saved alpha channel or a layer mask in your image.
</p>
</ul>
<h5 id="1000429" class="ToDoHead">
<a name="1000429"> </a>To create a color overlay
</h5>
<ol type="1">
<li class="SmartList1" value="1"><a name="1000430"> </a>Show the Colors and Papers palettes. </li>
<li class="SmartList1" value="2"><a name="1045934"> </a>Select a layer or area of the canvas.</li>
<p id="1045935" class="ToDoBody">
<a name="1045935"> </a>If you want to apply the effect to the entire image, make sure there are no selections.
</p>
<li class="SmartList1" value="3"><a name="1000434"> </a>Choose a color from the Colors palette.</li>
<p id="1000435" class="ToDoBody">
<a name="1000435"> </a>If you want to base the color on a paper grain, choose a paper texture on the Papers palette.
<li class="SmartList1" value="5"><a name="1000446"> </a>In the Color Overlay dialog box, choose a method from the Using pop-up menu.</li>
<li class="SmartList1" value="6"><a name="1013495"> </a>Move the Opacity slider until the preview reflects the desired opacity.</li>
<li class="SmartList1" value="7"><a name="1013482"> </a>Enable any of the following options:</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li class="Bulleted2"><a name="1000447"> </a><span style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline">Dye Concentration</span> allows the paper to absorb the color.</li>
<li class="Bulleted2"><a name="1000448"> </a><span style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline">Hiding Power</span> allows the color to cover what's beneath it. </li>
</ul>
<ol type="1">
<li class="SmartList1" value="8"><a name="1000452"> </a>When you're satisfied with the settings, click OK to apply the effect.</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="1000454" class="Heading2">
<a name="1000454"> </a>Dye Concentration
</h3>
<p id="1000456" class="Body">
<a name="1000456"> </a>The Dye Concentration effect adjusts color intensity and adds surface texture by adjusting pigments. You can use this effect to lighten an underexposed photo or to darken an overexposed one.
</p>
<h5 id="1000465" class="ToDoHead">
<a name="1000465"> </a>To adjust the dye concentration
</h5>
<ol type="1">
<li class="SmartList1" value="1"><a name="1045940"> </a>Select a layer or area of the canvas.</li>
<p id="1045941" class="ToDoBody">
<a name="1045941"> </a>If you want to apply the effect to the entire image, make sure there are no selections.
<a name="1000471"> </a>The Adjust Dye Concentration dialog box is displayed. While the dialog box is open, the controls on the Papers palette can be adjusted.
</p>
<li class="SmartList1" value="3"><a name="1000473"> </a>Choose a method from the Using pop-up menu:</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li class="Bulleted2"><a name="1000475"> </a><span style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline">Uniform Color</span> adjusts color based solely on Maximum slider values. The Minimum slider has no effect. Setting the Maximum slider above 100% increases color density. A value below 100% decreases it. </li>
<li class="Bulleted2"><a name="1000478"> </a><span style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline">Paper</span> adjusts color using the paper texture as a mapping model.</li>
<li class="Bulleted2"><a name="1000480"> </a><span style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline">Image Luminance</span> uses the image's brightness as the model for the color adjustment.</li>
<li class="Bulleted2"><a name="1000482"> </a><span style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline">Original Luminance</span> uses the luminance of the clone source as the model for the adjustment.</li>
<li class="Bulleted2"><a name="1000484"> </a><span style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline">[Alpha channel]</span> or <span style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline">[Layer mask]</span> uses the values in the alpha channel or layer mask as the model for the dye concentration adjustment. You can use this method only if you have a saved channel or a layer mask in your image.</li>
</ul>
<ol type="1">
<li class="SmartList1" value="4"><a name="1000485"> </a>Adjust the Minimum and Maximum sliders as needed.</li>
<p id="1000486" class="ToDoBody">
<a name="1000486"> </a>If you think of texture as peaks and valleys, the Maximum slider controls the amount of dye on the peaks and the Minimum slider controls the amount of dye in the valleys. You can set Maximum as high as 800%.
</p>
<p id="1000487" class="ToDoBody">
<a name="1000487"> </a>The lower you set Minimum, which can be as low as 0%, the higher the contrast between peaks and valleys. The higher the Minimum slider, the flatter the paper appears.
</p>
<li class="SmartList1" value="5"><a name="1000488"> </a>When you are satisfied with the settings, click OK to apply the effect.</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="1000490" class="Heading2">
<a name="1000490"> </a>Express Texture
</h3>
<p id="1000492" class="Body">
<a name="1000492"> </a>The Express Texture effect generates a high contrast version of an image in grayscale. With this feature, you can create a visual effect similar to a custom halftone screen, like a mezzotint or line screen.
</p>
<p id="1000493" class="Body">
<a name="1000493"> </a>Express Texture is similar to Apply Screen with anti-aliasing built in.
<li class="SmartList1" value="3"><a name="1000509"> </a>In the Express Texture dialog box, choose a method from the Using pop-up menu.</li>
<p id="1000511" class="ToDoBody">
<a name="1000511"> </a>You can base the effect on the current paper texture, a channel or layer mask, image luminance, or original luminance (clone source).
</p>
<li class="SmartList1" value="4"><a name="1000512"> </a>Use the following guidelines to adjust the sliders:</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li class="Bulleted2"><a name="1000514"> </a>Gray Threshold determines where the threshold is, between pure black and pure white. </li>
<li class="Bulleted2"><a name="1000515"> </a>Grain determines how deeply the texture penetrates the surface. </li>
<li class="Bulleted2"><a name="1000516"> </a>Contrast determines how many levels of black and white there are. For example, low contrast generates pure gray, medium contrast produces levels of grayscale, building up to a high contrast black and white screen.</li>
</ul>
<ol type="1">
<li class="SmartList1" value="5"><a name="1005558"> </a>Click OK to apply the effect.</li>
<li class="SmartList1"><a name="1041385"> </a>If you want to restore some of the original color to the image after applying this effect, choose <span style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline">Edit menu > Fade</span>. Fade restores some or all of the original colors.</li>
<li class="SmartList1"><a name="1041398"> </a>If you want to add a new set of colors, you can apply an express gradient to the image. On the Gradients palette, choose a gradient, click the palette menu arrow, and choose <span style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline">Express In Image</span>.</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="1000531" class="Heading2">
<a name="1000531"> </a>Image Warp
</h3>
<p id="1000532" class="Body">
<a name="1000532"> </a>The Image Warp effect lets you distort the surface of an image as if it were a sheet of pliable film. You can make images look as though they're reflected in a fun house mirror.
<li class="SmartList1" value="3"><a name="1000556"> </a> In the Image Warp dialog box, choose one of the following warp methods:</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li class="Bulleted2"><a name="1000558"> </a>Linear pulls the selected area as if you were pulling from the top of a cone. </li>
<li class="Bulleted2"><a name="1000560"> </a>Cubic pulls a flat surface outwards. </li>
<li class="Bulleted2"><a name="1000562"> </a>Sphere pulls a surface as if it were a lens.</li>
</ul>
<ol type="1">
<li class="SmartList1" value="4"><a name="1013673"> </a>Adjust the Size slider. </li>
<p id="1013674" class="ToDoBody">
<a name="1013674"> </a>This slider controls the size of the area affected by dragging the cursor. The higher the number, the smaller the affected area.
</p>
<li class="SmartList1" value="5"><a name="1000563"> </a>In the preview window, drag to distort the image. </li>
<p id="1013684" class="ToDoBody">
<a name="1013684"> </a>A circle displays as you drag, indicating the area affected.
</p>
<li class="SmartList1" value="6"><a name="1000564"> </a>When you are satisfied with the settings, click OK to apply the effect.</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="1000566" class="Heading2">
<a name="1000566"> </a>Quick Warp
</h3>
<p id="1000567" class="Body">
<a name="1000567"> </a>The Quick Warp command lets you create some basic distortions, like stretch or bulge. These distortions are useful for preparing images for reflection maps when applying surface texture. For more information about surface texture and reflection maps, refer to <a href="15-Effects9.html#1012949">"Working with Reflection Maps"</a>.
</p>
<p id="1013696" class="Body">
<a name="1013696"> </a>There are five types of distortions you can create using Quick Warp:
</p>
<ul>
<li class="SmartList1"><a name="1013697"> </a>Sphere warps the image spherically, like a reflection on a polished silver ball. Use the Power and Angle Factor sliders to intensify and twist the effect.</li>
<a name="1047189"> </a><i>An example of a Sphere distortion.
</i></p>
<ul>
<li class="SmartList1"><a name="1000588"> </a>Bump warps the center of the image toward you, making it appear convex. Use the Angle Factor slider to twist the effect.</li>
<a name="1047199"> </a><i>An example of a Bump distortion.
</i></p>
<ul>
<li class="SmartList1"><a name="1000590"> </a>Valley warps the center of the image away from you, making it appear concave. Use the Angle Factor slider to twist the effect.</li>
<li class="SmartList1"><a name="1000592"> </a>Swirl distorts the image in a spiral. The Angle Factor slider controls how many times the image spirals. </li>
<li class="SmartList1"><a name="1000594"> </a>Ripple distorts the image in concentric rings, like the rings created when you drop a stone into a pool of water. Use the Power and Angle Factor sliders to intensify and twist the effect.</li>
<li class="SmartList1"><a name="1041417"> </a>Quick Warp applies to the entire canvas-not to selections or layers.</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="1003070" class="Heading2">
<a name="1003070"> </a>Woodcut
</h3>
<p id="1003129" class="Body">
<a name="1003129"> </a>The Woodcut effect is useful for creating woodcut or linoleum block prints of photographs. You can save preset Woodcut effects to apply to other photographs or paintings.
<li class="SmartList1" value="2"><a name="1003072"> </a>In the Woodcut dialog box, enable any of the following check boxes:</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li class="Bulleted2"><a name="1003268"> </a>Output Black-output the black part of the effect. Disable this option if you want to output in color only.</li>
<li class="Bulleted2"><a name="1003277"> </a>Output Color-output the color part of the effect. Disable this option if you want to output in black and white only.</li>
</ul>
<ol type="1">
<li class="SmartList1" value="3"><a name="1003091"> </a>Use the following guidelines to adjust the sliders:</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li class="Bulleted2"><a name="1003223"> </a>Black Edge determines the detail of the black edge. Larger values produce thick, black edges around objects. Smaller values produce more intricate edges.</li>
<li class="Bulleted2"><a name="1003217"> </a>Erosion Time determines the number of erosion iterations performed on the black edge. The higher the erosion, the simpler the edge. </li>
<li class="Bulleted2"><a name="1003218"> </a>Erosion Edge controls the amount of smoothing on the black edge. Larger values produce a rounded appearance to the black edge. </li>
<li class="Bulleted2"><a name="1003249"> </a>Heaviness determines the amount of black in the final image. </li>
</ul>
<ol type="1">
<li class="SmartList1" value="4"><a name="1003264"> </a>Enable one of the following options:</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li class="Bulleted2"><a name="1003095"> </a>Auto Color-automatically compute the color set from the original image's colors.</li>
<li class="Bulleted2"><a name="1003096"> </a>Use Color Set-use a pre-defined color set.</li>
</ul>
<ol type="1">
<li class="SmartList1" value="5"><a name="1003170"> </a>Adjust the N Colors (number of colors) and Color Edge sliders.</li>
<li class="SmartList1" value="6"><a name="1003187"> </a>When you are satisfied with the settings, click OK to apply the effect.</li>
<li class="SmartList1"><a name="1041428"> </a>You can change the colors in a color set by clicking a color and then clicking a new color on the Color Sets palette. </li>
<li class="SmartList1"><a name="1013886"> </a>You can save a woodcut effect as a preset by clicking Save in the Woodcut dialog box and specifying a preset name in the Save Preset dialog box.</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="1003302" class="Heading2">
<a name="1003302"> </a>Distress
</h3>
<p id="1003369" class="Body">
<a name="1003369"> </a>The Distress effect can be used on images and text. You can base the effect upon the currently selected paper or pattern.
<li class="SmartList1" value="2"><a name="1003159"> </a>In the Distress dialog box, adjust any of the following sliders:</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li class="Bulleted2"><a name="1003207"> </a>Edge Size determines the size of the edge enhancement.</li>
<li class="Bulleted2"><a name="1003208"> </a>Edge Amount determines the amount of edge enhancement. </li>
<li class="Bulleted2"><a name="1003209"> </a>Smoothing determines the roundness of the edge between black and white.</li>
<li class="Bulleted2"><a name="1003210"> </a>Variance determines the amount of grain added to the edge.</li>
<li class="Bulleted2"><a name="1003211"> </a>Threshold determines how much black is in the image.</li>
</ul>
<ol type="1">
<li class="SmartList1" value="3"><a name="1003193"> </a>Choose a method from the Using pop-up menu.</li>
<p id="1003194" class="ToDoBody">
<a name="1003194"> </a>You can base the effect on the current paper grain or the original luminance (clone source).
</p>
<li class="SmartList1" value="4"><a name="1003186"> </a>When you are satisfied with the settings, click OK to apply the effect.</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="1003327" class="Heading2">
<a name="1003327"> </a>Serigraphy
</h3>
<p id="1004229" class="Body">
<a name="1004229"> </a>The Serigraphy effect is useful for using photographs to generate images that appear to be silk-screened or woodblock cuts. Each color reduction is saved as a separate layer, enabling you to edit the layer individually after the effect has been applied.
<li class="SmartList1" value="3"><a name="1014023"> </a>In the Sketch dialog box, adjust any of the following sliders:</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li class="Bulleted2"><a name="1014024"> </a><span style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline">Sensitivity</span>-determines sensitivity to detail. Low values detect only the main edges. High values detect the main edges as well as thin lines, such as the lines around a person's eyes. </li>
<li class="Bulleted2"><a name="1014025"> </a><span style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline">Smoothing</span>-determines how much noise is filtered out. Higher values result in wider, lighter, and more blurry lines.</li>
<li class="Bulleted2"><a name="1014026"> </a><span style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline">Grain</span>-determines how much of the paper grain is revealed in the sketch marks. Drag this slider to the right to show more of the paper grain.</li>
<li class="Bulleted2"><a name="1014108"> </a><span style="color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline">Threshold</span>-the Threshold High and Threshold Low settings are used to remove noise after edge detection. Threshold High is used to flag light pixels which may be just noise in the image. Threshold Low is used to test surrounding pixels.</li>
<p id="1014029" class="ToDoBody">
<a name="1014029"> </a>If you want to save your settings as a preset, click Save and specify a preset name in the Save Preset dialog box.
