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1994-10-16
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SUBJECT: BootLinux v1.6b documentation
DATE: october 16, 1994
AUTHOR: Fabien COUTANT
Email: fabien@steria.fr
COMMAND: bootlin.com
SYNTAX:
<path>bootlin[ -R <dev>][ -S <dev>][ -D <n>][ -V <video>][ -W][ <file>]
<path> is the DOS path where BOOTLIN.COM is located. It is
necessary unless BOOTLIN.COM is in the root directory.
<file> is the full name of the Linux boot image (relatively to
your boot drive root directory). If you specify nothing or
the name of a file that does not exist, you will be
prompted for a new name until the name you give is correct.
<dev> is the description of a linux device for the root fs (-R)
and for the swap (-S). Recognized devices are currently
'fd0' (A:), 'fd1' (B:) as floppies, 'sd[a-g][1-8]' as SCSI
disk partitions and 'hd[ab][1-9]' as AT hard disk partitions.
Numbers [1-4] mean BIOS partitions, whereas [5-9] means
inside-DOS-extended partitions.
<n> is a whole number giving the size of the ramdisk.
specifying 0 means keep the size given in the image.
<video> is one of '80*25' (normal VGA), '80*50' (extended VGA),
'ASK' (LINUX asks the mode you want) or 'SVGA[1-9]', the
digit indicating the key you would press if you were asked
the mode you want by LINUX.
-W specifies to print a message and wait for a key before
Linux is effectively launched.
NOTE that the case is insensitive so '-R' and '-r' are the same.
NOTE that only the first letter of options is taken into account,
so '-r' and '-root' are treated identically.
NOTE that options and file name may be specified in any order.
NOTE that if an option or the file name is specified more than
once, only the last occurrence is taken into account.
DESCRIPTION:
The image file, which name is provided on the command line, is
the one you "rawrite" to a disk to make it boot Linux: it must contain
either the file Image or zImage produced by the compilation of the kernel.
BootLinux can be run two ways, but in either way it MUST be run
in real mode, which means no Windows, no EMM386, no DesqView, no etc running
at the moment BootLinux is run.
The first way, also the simplest, is to run it directly from the
dos command prompt, probably with the help of a batch file. Here is the
example of my version (I use text mode 100x40 on an ET/4000 video card):
[LINUX.BAT]
@ECHO OFF
c:\linux\bootlin -v SVGA3 c:\linux\linux.img
Inconvenient: you must have enough memory to load the image into
memory, plus BootLinux and its data memory. Count 18K more than the image size.
For example, if the Image is 236K, you must have at least 254K free memory.
The second way is to run it from the CONFIG.SYS. To achieve this,
place a SHELL= line like this in your CONFIG.SYS:
[CONFIG.SYS]
...
SHELL=c:\linux\bootlin.com -v SVGA3 c:\linux\linux.img
...
assuming that the bootlin.com and LINUX.IMG files are in c:\linux. The syntax
of the command is the same whatever method you use.
Inconvenient: of course, you still want to be able to run DOS
sometimes, so the idea is to use a CONFIG.SYS "multiplexer", e.g. something
that shows you on boot a menu, in which you choose wether you want to boot
DOS or Linux. MsDos 6 offers such a thing. I personnally use BOOT.SYS (since
I don't have MsDos 6), which consumes nearly no memory and is very powerful;
using this, a config.sys should look like:
DEVICE=C:\UTIL\BOOT.SYS
DEVICE=BOOT.1 DOS
...
here you put the usual config.sys
...
DEVICE=BOOT.2 Linux
SHELL=c:\etc\bootlin.com c:\etc\image
DEVICE=BOOT.END
If you are using DOS 5, it may tell you that it is trying to
load BootLin high and that it fails... don't worry: apart from the
message, it doesn't matter. BTW, I used to put a "DOS=LOW" line to
remove the warning message, but then DOS was ALWAYS loading low, even
if I had a "DOS=HIGH" in the first part of the config.sys ... It appears
that to know if it has to load high or low, DOS rereads entirely the
config.sys and looks for the last "DOS=".
The SHELL= line should be the only one in its section, firstly to
minimize the number of DOS residents and have more memory, secondly because
if you want to run LINUX, you don't need actually any DOS feature.
BootLinux does a lot of checking on the image and on your machine:
About your machine, a 386 or higher is required, with 640K base memory and
1M or more extended memory. About the image, it checks that the image is the
image of a bootable disk, that it is not too short (missing kernel) or too
big (more than 512K), and that there is enough memory to load it.
If an unexisting filename or no filename is given, it will ask for
one until a correct one is supplied. If no root fs device is given, either
in the image or on the command line, BootLinux asks for one in the following
way:
| Root device is not defined. Please choose one of:
|
| FD[0-1] floppies
| HD[A-B][1-9] AT hard disks partitions
| ([1-4] are BIOS, [5-9] are dos extended)
| SD[A-G][1-8] SCSI hard disks partitions
|
| root device -> fd0_
You have to type in the device you want; fd0 is provided as
default; if it is ok, just validate, else backspace on it and type the
device you want, then validate. Currently you only have one try, so don't
miss it, or you will have to do Ctrl-C and run it again (I assume this kind
of feature is essentially used from DOS command line).
Linux autodetects 5"1/4 or 3"1/2, DD or HD, so you just have to
indicate the drive: fd0 or fd1.
For those that want to use a ramdisk, here's the way to do:
1) specify as root device the _ramdisk_ support: -r fd0 for A: floppy
2) specify the ramdisk size: -d 1440 for 3"1/2 HD floppy
3) specify the -w flag
4) you can still specify other options of your own
5) validate your BootLinux command line
6) when it asks to press a key to run linux, insert the ramdisk
support appropriately, then press a key.
The -w flag is only necessary if BootLinux + linux image are on the
same floppy drive, i.e. when you want to make a set of linux startup
backup disks: one disk for BootLinux + linux image, one for the root
(will be in ramdisk) and one for usr or home or whatever.
INFORMATIONS:
For those who want to use BOOT.SYS, it is shareware and can be
found at least on Simtel mirrors. I know more particularly the
following locations:
wuarchive.wustl.edu:/systems/msdos/[sS]imtel20/sysutl/boot142.zip
oak.oakland.edu:/pub/msdos/sysutl/boot142.zip