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- # GetOpt::Long.pm -- Universal options parsing
-
- package Getopt::Long;
-
- # RCS Status : $Id: GetoptLong.pl,v 2.24 2000-03-14 21:28:52+01 jv Exp $
- # Author : Johan Vromans
- # Created On : Tue Sep 11 15:00:12 1990
- # Last Modified By: Johan Vromans
- # Last Modified On: Tue Mar 14 21:28:40 2000
- # Update Count : 721
- # Status : Released
-
- ################ Copyright ################
-
- # This program is Copyright 1990,2000 by Johan Vromans.
- # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
- # modify it under the terms of the Perl Artistic License or the
- # GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
- # Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any
- # later version.
- #
- # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
- # GNU General Public License for more details.
- #
- # If you do not have a copy of the GNU General Public License write to
- # the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge,
- # MA 02139, USA.
-
- ################ Module Preamble ################
-
- use strict;
-
- BEGIN {
- require 5.004;
- use Exporter ();
- use vars qw($VERSION @ISA @EXPORT @EXPORT_OK %EXPORT_TAGS);
- $VERSION = "2.23";
-
- @ISA = qw(Exporter);
- @EXPORT = qw(&GetOptions $REQUIRE_ORDER $PERMUTE $RETURN_IN_ORDER);
- %EXPORT_TAGS = qw();
- @EXPORT_OK = qw();
- use AutoLoader qw(AUTOLOAD);
- }
-
- # User visible variables.
- use vars @EXPORT, @EXPORT_OK;
- use vars qw($error $debug $major_version $minor_version);
- # Deprecated visible variables.
- use vars qw($autoabbrev $getopt_compat $ignorecase $bundling $order
- $passthrough);
- # Official invisible variables.
- use vars qw($genprefix $caller);
-
- # Public subroutines.
- sub Configure (@);
- sub config (@); # deprecated name
- sub GetOptions;
-
- # Private subroutines.
- sub ConfigDefaults ();
- sub FindOption ($$$$$$$);
- sub Croak (@); # demand loading the real Croak
-
- ################ Local Variables ################
-
- ################ Resident subroutines ################
-
- sub ConfigDefaults () {
- # Handle POSIX compliancy.
- if ( defined $ENV{"POSIXLY_CORRECT"} ) {
- $genprefix = "(--|-)";
- $autoabbrev = 0; # no automatic abbrev of options
- $bundling = 0; # no bundling of single letter switches
- $getopt_compat = 0; # disallow '+' to start options
- $order = $REQUIRE_ORDER;
- }
- else {
- $genprefix = "(--|-|\\+)";
- $autoabbrev = 1; # automatic abbrev of options
- $bundling = 0; # bundling off by default
- $getopt_compat = 1; # allow '+' to start options
- $order = $PERMUTE;
- }
- # Other configurable settings.
- $debug = 0; # for debugging
- $error = 0; # error tally
- $ignorecase = 1; # ignore case when matching options
- $passthrough = 0; # leave unrecognized options alone
- }
-
- ################ Initialization ################
-
- # Values for $order. See GNU getopt.c for details.
- ($REQUIRE_ORDER, $PERMUTE, $RETURN_IN_ORDER) = (0..2);
- # Version major/minor numbers.
- ($major_version, $minor_version) = $VERSION =~ /^(\d+)\.(\d+)/;
-
- ConfigDefaults();
-
- ################ Package return ################
-
- 1;
-
- __END__
-
- ################ AutoLoading subroutines ################
-
- # RCS Status : $Id: GetoptLongAl.pl,v 2.27 2000-03-17 09:07:26+01 jv Exp $
- # Author : Johan Vromans
- # Created On : Fri Mar 27 11:50:30 1998
- # Last Modified By: Johan Vromans
- # Last Modified On: Fri Mar 17 09:00:09 2000
- # Update Count : 55
- # Status : Released
-
- sub GetOptions {
-
- my @optionlist = @_; # local copy of the option descriptions
- my $argend = '--'; # option list terminator
- my %opctl = (); # table of arg.specs (long and abbrevs)
- my %bopctl = (); # table of arg.specs (bundles)
- my $pkg = $caller || (caller)[0]; # current context
- # Needed if linkage is omitted.
- my %aliases= (); # alias table
- my @ret = (); # accum for non-options
- my %linkage; # linkage
- my $userlinkage; # user supplied HASH
- my $opt; # current option
- my $genprefix = $genprefix; # so we can call the same module many times
- my @opctl; # the possible long option names
-
- $error = '';
-
- print STDERR ("GetOpt::Long $Getopt::Long::VERSION ",
- "called from package \"$pkg\".",
- "\n ",
- 'GetOptionsAl $Revision: 2.27 $ ',
- "\n ",
- "ARGV: (@ARGV)",
- "\n ",
- "autoabbrev=$autoabbrev,".
- "bundling=$bundling,",
- "getopt_compat=$getopt_compat,",
- "order=$order,",
- "\n ",
- "ignorecase=$ignorecase,",
- "passthrough=$passthrough,",
- "genprefix=\"$genprefix\".",
- "\n")
- if $debug;
-
- # Check for ref HASH as first argument.
- # First argument may be an object. It's OK to use this as long
- # as it is really a hash underneath.
- $userlinkage = undef;
- if ( ref($optionlist[0]) and
- "$optionlist[0]" =~ /^(?:.*\=)?HASH\([^\(]*\)$/ ) {
- $userlinkage = shift (@optionlist);
- print STDERR ("=> user linkage: $userlinkage\n") if $debug;
- }
-
- # See if the first element of the optionlist contains option
- # starter characters.
- # Be careful not to interpret '<>' as option starters.
- if ( $optionlist[0] =~ /^\W+$/
- && !($optionlist[0] eq '<>'
- && @optionlist > 0
- && ref($optionlist[1])) ) {
- $genprefix = shift (@optionlist);
- # Turn into regexp. Needs to be parenthesized!
- $genprefix =~ s/(\W)/\\$1/g;
- $genprefix = "([" . $genprefix . "])";
- }
-
- # Verify correctness of optionlist.
- %opctl = ();
- %bopctl = ();
- while ( @optionlist > 0 ) {
- my $opt = shift (@optionlist);
-
- # Strip leading prefix so people can specify "--foo=i" if they like.
- $opt = $+ if $opt =~ /^$genprefix+(.*)$/s;
-
- if ( $opt eq '<>' ) {
- if ( (defined $userlinkage)
- && !(@optionlist > 0 && ref($optionlist[0]))
- && (exists $userlinkage->{$opt})
- && ref($userlinkage->{$opt}) ) {
- unshift (@optionlist, $userlinkage->{$opt});
- }
- unless ( @optionlist > 0
- && ref($optionlist[0]) && ref($optionlist[0]) eq 'CODE' ) {
- $error .= "Option spec <> requires a reference to a subroutine\n";
- next;
- }
- $linkage{'<>'} = shift (@optionlist);
- next;
- }
-
- # Match option spec. Allow '?' as an alias.
- if ( $opt !~ /^((\w+[-\w]*)(\|(\?|\w[-\w]*)?)*)?([!~+]|[=:][infse][@%]?)?$/ ) {
- $error .= "Error in option spec: \"$opt\"\n";
- next;
- }
- my ($o, $c, $a) = ($1, $5);
- $c = '' unless defined $c;
-
- if ( ! defined $o ) {
- # empty -> '-' option
- $opctl{$o = ''} = $c;
- }
- else {
- # Handle alias names
- my @o = split (/\|/, $o);
- my $linko = $o = $o[0];
- # Force an alias if the option name is not locase.
- $a = $o unless $o eq lc($o);
- $o = lc ($o)
- if $ignorecase > 1
- || ($ignorecase
- && ($bundling ? length($o) > 1 : 1));
-
- foreach ( @o ) {
- if ( $bundling && length($_) == 1 ) {
- $_ = lc ($_) if $ignorecase > 1;
- if ( $c eq '!' ) {
- $opctl{"no$_"} = $c;
- warn ("Ignoring '!' modifier for short option $_\n");
- $opctl{$_} = $bopctl{$_} = '';
- }
- else {
- $opctl{$_} = $bopctl{$_} = $c;
- }
- }
- else {
- $_ = lc ($_) if $ignorecase;
- if ( $c eq '!' ) {
- $opctl{"no$_"} = $c;
- $opctl{$_} = ''
- }
- else {
- $opctl{$_} = $c;
- }
- }
- if ( defined $a ) {
- # Note alias.
- $aliases{$_} = $a;
- }
- else {
- # Set primary name.
- $a = $_;
- }
- }
- $o = $linko;
- }
-
- # If no linkage is supplied in the @optionlist, copy it from
- # the userlinkage if available.
- if ( defined $userlinkage ) {
- unless ( @optionlist > 0 && ref($optionlist[0]) ) {
- if ( exists $userlinkage->{$o} && ref($userlinkage->{$o}) ) {
- print STDERR ("=> found userlinkage for \"$o\": ",
- "$userlinkage->{$o}\n")
- if $debug;
- unshift (@optionlist, $userlinkage->{$o});
- }
- else {
- # Do nothing. Being undefined will be handled later.
- next;
- }
- }
- }
-
- # Copy the linkage. If omitted, link to global variable.
- if ( @optionlist > 0 && ref($optionlist[0]) ) {
- print STDERR ("=> link \"$o\" to $optionlist[0]\n")
- if $debug;
- if ( ref($optionlist[0]) =~ /^(SCALAR|CODE)$/ ) {
- $linkage{$o} = shift (@optionlist);
- }
- elsif ( ref($optionlist[0]) =~ /^(ARRAY)$/ ) {
- $linkage{$o} = shift (@optionlist);
- $opctl{$o} .= '@'
- if $opctl{$o} ne '' and $opctl{$o} !~ /\@$/;
- $bopctl{$o} .= '@'
- if $bundling and defined $bopctl{$o} and
- $bopctl{$o} ne '' and $bopctl{$o} !~ /\@$/;
- }
- elsif ( ref($optionlist[0]) =~ /^(HASH)$/ ) {
- $linkage{$o} = shift (@optionlist);
- $opctl{$o} .= '%'
- if $opctl{$o} ne '' and $opctl{$o} !~ /\%$/;
- $bopctl{$o} .= '%'
- if $bundling and defined $bopctl{$o} and
- $bopctl{$o} ne '' and $bopctl{$o} !~ /\%$/;
- }
- else {
- $error .= "Invalid option linkage for \"$opt\"\n";
- }
- }
- else {
- # Link to global $opt_XXX variable.
- # Make sure a valid perl identifier results.
- my $ov = $o;
- $ov =~ s/\W/_/g;
- if ( $c =~ /@/ ) {
- print STDERR ("=> link \"$o\" to \@$pkg","::opt_$ov\n")
- if $debug;
- eval ("\$linkage{\$o} = \\\@".$pkg."::opt_$ov;");
- }
- elsif ( $c =~ /%/ ) {
- print STDERR ("=> link \"$o\" to \%$pkg","::opt_$ov\n")
- if $debug;
- eval ("\$linkage{\$o} = \\\%".$pkg."::opt_$ov;");
- }
- else {
- print STDERR ("=> link \"$o\" to \$$pkg","::opt_$ov\n")
- if $debug;
- eval ("\$linkage{\$o} = \\\$".$pkg."::opt_$ov;");
- }
- }
- }
-
- # Bail out if errors found.
- die ($error) if $error;
- $error = 0;
-
- # Sort the possible long option names.
- @opctl = sort(keys (%opctl)) if $autoabbrev;
-
- # Show the options tables if debugging.
- if ( $debug ) {
- my ($arrow, $k, $v);
- $arrow = "=> ";
- while ( ($k,$v) = each(%opctl) ) {
- print STDERR ($arrow, "\$opctl{\"$k\"} = \"$v\"\n");
- $arrow = " ";
- }
- $arrow = "=> ";
- while ( ($k,$v) = each(%bopctl) ) {
- print STDERR ($arrow, "\$bopctl{\"$k\"} = \"$v\"\n");
- $arrow = " ";
- }
- }
-
- # Process argument list
- my $goon = 1;
- while ( $goon && @ARGV > 0 ) {
-
- #### Get next argument ####
-
- $opt = shift (@ARGV);
- print STDERR ("=> option \"", $opt, "\"\n") if $debug;
-
- #### Determine what we have ####
-
- # Double dash is option list terminator.
- if ( $opt eq $argend ) {
- # Finish. Push back accumulated arguments and return.
- unshift (@ARGV, @ret)
- if $order == $PERMUTE;
- return ($error == 0);
- }
-
- my $tryopt = $opt;
- my $found; # success status
- my $dsttype; # destination type ('@' or '%')
- my $incr; # destination increment
- my $key; # key (if hash type)
- my $arg; # option argument
-
- ($found, $opt, $arg, $dsttype, $incr, $key) =
- FindOption ($genprefix, $argend, $opt,
- \%opctl, \%bopctl, \@opctl, \%aliases);
-
- if ( $found ) {
-
- # FindOption undefines $opt in case of errors.
- next unless defined $opt;
-
- if ( defined $arg ) {
- $opt = $aliases{$opt} if defined $aliases{$opt};
-
- if ( defined $linkage{$opt} ) {
- print STDERR ("=> ref(\$L{$opt}) -> ",
- ref($linkage{$opt}), "\n") if $debug;
-
- if ( ref($linkage{$opt}) eq 'SCALAR' ) {
- if ( $incr ) {
- print STDERR ("=> \$\$L{$opt} += \"$arg\"\n")
- if $debug;
- if ( defined ${$linkage{$opt}} ) {
- ${$linkage{$opt}} += $arg;
- }
- else {
- ${$linkage{$opt}} = $arg;
- }
- }
- else {
- print STDERR ("=> \$\$L{$opt} = \"$arg\"\n")
- if $debug;
- ${$linkage{$opt}} = $arg;
- }
- }
- elsif ( ref($linkage{$opt}) eq 'ARRAY' ) {
- print STDERR ("=> push(\@{\$L{$opt}, \"$arg\")\n")
- if $debug;
- push (@{$linkage{$opt}}, $arg);
- }
- elsif ( ref($linkage{$opt}) eq 'HASH' ) {
- print STDERR ("=> \$\$L{$opt}->{$key} = \"$arg\"\n")
- if $debug;
- $linkage{$opt}->{$key} = $arg;
- }
- elsif ( ref($linkage{$opt}) eq 'CODE' ) {
- print STDERR ("=> &L{$opt}(\"$opt\", \"$arg\")\n")
- if $debug;
- local ($@);
- eval {
- &{$linkage{$opt}}($opt, $arg);
- };
- print STDERR ("=> die($@)\n") if $debug && $@ ne '';
- if ( $@ =~ /^!/ ) {
- if ( $@ =~ /^!FINISH\b/ ) {
- $goon = 0;
- }
- }
- elsif ( $@ ne '' ) {
- warn ($@);
- $error++;
- }
- }
- else {
- print STDERR ("Invalid REF type \"", ref($linkage{$opt}),
- "\" in linkage\n");
- Croak ("Getopt::Long -- internal error!\n");
- }
- }
- # No entry in linkage means entry in userlinkage.
- elsif ( $dsttype eq '@' ) {
- if ( defined $userlinkage->{$opt} ) {
- print STDERR ("=> push(\@{\$L{$opt}}, \"$arg\")\n")
- if $debug;
- push (@{$userlinkage->{$opt}}, $arg);
- }
- else {
- print STDERR ("=>\$L{$opt} = [\"$arg\"]\n")
- if $debug;
- $userlinkage->{$opt} = [$arg];
- }
- }
- elsif ( $dsttype eq '%' ) {
- if ( defined $userlinkage->{$opt} ) {
- print STDERR ("=> \$L{$opt}->{$key} = \"$arg\"\n")
- if $debug;
- $userlinkage->{$opt}->{$key} = $arg;
- }
- else {
- print STDERR ("=>\$L{$opt} = {$key => \"$arg\"}\n")
- if $debug;
- $userlinkage->{$opt} = {$key => $arg};
- }
- }
- else {
- if ( $incr ) {
- print STDERR ("=> \$L{$opt} += \"$arg\"\n")
- if $debug;
- if ( defined $userlinkage->{$opt} ) {
- $userlinkage->{$opt} += $arg;
- }
- else {
- $userlinkage->{$opt} = $arg;
- }
- }
- else {
- print STDERR ("=>\$L{$opt} = \"$arg\"\n") if $debug;
- $userlinkage->{$opt} = $arg;
- }
- }
- }
- }
-
- # Not an option. Save it if we $PERMUTE and don't have a <>.
- elsif ( $order == $PERMUTE ) {
- # Try non-options call-back.
- my $cb;
- if ( (defined ($cb = $linkage{'<>'})) ) {
- local ($@);
- eval {
- &$cb ($tryopt);
- };
- print STDERR ("=> die($@)\n") if $debug && $@ ne '';
- if ( $@ =~ /^!/ ) {
- if ( $@ =~ /^!FINISH\b/ ) {
- $goon = 0;
- }
- }
- elsif ( $@ ne '' ) {
- warn ($@);
- $error++;
- }
- }
- else {
- print STDERR ("=> saving \"$tryopt\" ",
- "(not an option, may permute)\n") if $debug;
- push (@ret, $tryopt);
- }
- next;
- }
-
- # ...otherwise, terminate.
- else {
- # Push this one back and exit.
- unshift (@ARGV, $tryopt);
- return ($error == 0);
- }
-
- }
-
- # Finish.
- if ( $order == $PERMUTE ) {
- # Push back accumulated arguments
- print STDERR ("=> restoring \"", join('" "', @ret), "\"\n")
- if $debug && @ret > 0;
- unshift (@ARGV, @ret) if @ret > 0;
- }
-
- return ($error == 0);
- }
-
- # Option lookup.
- sub FindOption ($$$$$$$) {
-
- # returns (1, $opt, $arg, $dsttype, $incr, $key) if okay,
- # returns (0) otherwise.
-
- my ($prefix, $argend, $opt, $opctl, $bopctl, $names, $aliases) = @_;
- my $key; # hash key for a hash option
- my $arg;
-
- print STDERR ("=> find \"$opt\", prefix=\"$prefix\"\n") if $debug;
-
- return (0) unless $opt =~ /^$prefix(.*)$/s;
-
- $opt = $+;
- my ($starter) = $1;
-
- print STDERR ("=> split \"$starter\"+\"$opt\"\n") if $debug;
-
- my $optarg = undef; # value supplied with --opt=value
- my $rest = undef; # remainder from unbundling
-
- # If it is a long option, it may include the value.
- if (($starter eq "--" || ($getopt_compat && !$bundling))
- && $opt =~ /^([^=]+)=(.*)$/s ) {
- $opt = $1;
- $optarg = $2;
- print STDERR ("=> option \"", $opt,
- "\", optarg = \"$optarg\"\n") if $debug;
- }
-
- #### Look it up ###
-
- my $tryopt = $opt; # option to try
- my $optbl = $opctl; # table to look it up (long names)
- my $type;
- my $dsttype = '';
- my $incr = 0;
-
- if ( $bundling && $starter eq '-' ) {
- # Unbundle single letter option.
- $rest = substr ($tryopt, 1);
- $tryopt = substr ($tryopt, 0, 1);
- $tryopt = lc ($tryopt) if $ignorecase > 1;
- print STDERR ("=> $starter$tryopt unbundled from ",
- "$starter$tryopt$rest\n") if $debug;
- $rest = undef unless $rest ne '';
- $optbl = $bopctl; # look it up in the short names table
-
- # If bundling == 2, long options can override bundles.
- if ( $bundling == 2 and
- defined ($rest) and
- defined ($type = $opctl->{$tryopt.$rest}) ) {
- print STDERR ("=> $starter$tryopt rebundled to ",
- "$starter$tryopt$rest\n") if $debug;
- $tryopt .= $rest;
- undef $rest;
- }
- }
-
- # Try auto-abbreviation.
- elsif ( $autoabbrev ) {
- # Downcase if allowed.
- $tryopt = $opt = lc ($opt) if $ignorecase;
- # Turn option name into pattern.
- my $pat = quotemeta ($opt);
- # Look up in option names.
- my @hits = grep (/^$pat/, @{$names});
- print STDERR ("=> ", scalar(@hits), " hits (@hits) with \"$pat\" ",
- "out of ", scalar(@{$names}), "\n") if $debug;
-
- # Check for ambiguous results.
- unless ( (@hits <= 1) || (grep ($_ eq $opt, @hits) == 1) ) {
- # See if all matches are for the same option.
- my %hit;
- foreach ( @hits ) {
- $_ = $aliases->{$_} if defined $aliases->{$_};
- $hit{$_} = 1;
- }
- # Now see if it really is ambiguous.
- unless ( keys(%hit) == 1 ) {
- return (0) if $passthrough;
- warn ("Option ", $opt, " is ambiguous (",
- join(", ", @hits), ")\n");
- $error++;
- undef $opt;
- return (1, $opt,$arg,$dsttype,$incr,$key);
- }
- @hits = keys(%hit);
- }
-
- # Complete the option name, if appropriate.
- if ( @hits == 1 && $hits[0] ne $opt ) {
- $tryopt = $hits[0];
- $tryopt = lc ($tryopt) if $ignorecase;
- print STDERR ("=> option \"$opt\" -> \"$tryopt\"\n")
- if $debug;
- }
- }
-
- # Map to all lowercase if ignoring case.
- elsif ( $ignorecase ) {
- $tryopt = lc ($opt);
- }
-
- # Check validity by fetching the info.
- $type = $optbl->{$tryopt} unless defined $type;
- unless ( defined $type ) {
- return (0) if $passthrough;
- warn ("Unknown option: ", $opt, "\n");
- $error++;
- return (1, $opt,$arg,$dsttype,$incr,$key);
- }
- # Apparently valid.
- $opt = $tryopt;
- print STDERR ("=> found \"$type\" for ", $opt, "\n") if $debug;
-
- #### Determine argument status ####
-
- # If it is an option w/o argument, we're almost finished with it.
- if ( $type eq '' || $type eq '!' || $type eq '+' ) {
- if ( defined $optarg ) {
- return (0) if $passthrough;
- warn ("Option ", $opt, " does not take an argument\n");
- $error++;
- undef $opt;
- }
- elsif ( $type eq '' || $type eq '+' ) {
- $arg = 1; # supply explicit value
- $incr = $type eq '+';
- }
- else {
- substr ($opt, 0, 2) = ''; # strip NO prefix
- $arg = 0; # supply explicit value
- }
- unshift (@ARGV, $starter.$rest) if defined $rest;
- return (1, $opt,$arg,$dsttype,$incr,$key);
- }
-
- # Get mandatory status and type info.
- my $mand;
- ($mand, $type, $dsttype, $key) = $type =~ /^(.)(.)([@%]?)$/;
-
- # Check if there is an option argument available.
- if ( defined $optarg ? ($optarg eq '')
- : !(defined $rest || @ARGV > 0) ) {
- # Complain if this option needs an argument.
- if ( $mand eq "=" ) {
- return (0) if $passthrough;
- warn ("Option ", $opt, " requires an argument\n");
- $error++;
- undef $opt;
- }
- if ( $mand eq ":" ) {
- $arg = $type eq "s" ? '' : 0;
- }
- return (1, $opt,$arg,$dsttype,$incr,$key);
- }
-
- # Get (possibly optional) argument.
- $arg = (defined $rest ? $rest
- : (defined $optarg ? $optarg : shift (@ARGV)));
-
- # Get key if this is a "name=value" pair for a hash option.
- $key = undef;
- if ($dsttype eq '%' && defined $arg) {
- ($key, $arg) = ($arg =~ /^([^=]*)=(.*)$/s) ? ($1, $2) : ($arg, 1);
- }
-
- #### Check if the argument is valid for this option ####
-
- if ( $type eq "s" ) { # string
- # A mandatory string takes anything.
- return (1, $opt,$arg,$dsttype,$incr,$key) if $mand eq "=";
-
- # An optional string takes almost anything.
- return (1, $opt,$arg,$dsttype,$incr,$key)
- if defined $optarg || defined $rest;
- return (1, $opt,$arg,$dsttype,$incr,$key) if $arg eq "-"; # ??
-
- # Check for option or option list terminator.
- if ($arg eq $argend ||
- $arg =~ /^$prefix.+/) {
- # Push back.
- unshift (@ARGV, $arg);
- # Supply empty value.
- $arg = '';
- }
- }
-
- elsif ( $type eq "n" || $type eq "i" ) { # numeric/integer
- if ( $bundling && defined $rest && $rest =~ /^([-+]?[0-9]+)(.*)$/s ) {
- $arg = $1;
- $rest = $2;
- unshift (@ARGV, $starter.$rest) if defined $rest && $rest ne '';
- }
- elsif ( $arg !~ /^[-+]?[0-9]+$/ ) {
- if ( defined $optarg || $mand eq "=" ) {
- if ( $passthrough ) {
- unshift (@ARGV, defined $rest ? $starter.$rest : $arg)
- unless defined $optarg;
- return (0);
- }
- warn ("Value \"", $arg, "\" invalid for option ",
- $opt, " (number expected)\n");
- $error++;
- undef $opt;
- # Push back.
- unshift (@ARGV, $starter.$rest) if defined $rest;
- }
- else {
- # Push back.
- unshift (@ARGV, defined $rest ? $starter.$rest : $arg);
- # Supply default value.
- $arg = 0;
- }
- }
- }
-
- elsif ( $type eq "f" ) { # real number, int is also ok
- # We require at least one digit before a point or 'e',
- # and at least one digit following the point and 'e'.
- # [-]NN[.NN][eNN]
- if ( $bundling && defined $rest &&
- $rest =~ /^([-+]?[0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)?([eE][-+]?[0-9]+)?)(.*)$/s ) {
- $arg = $1;
- $rest = $+;
- unshift (@ARGV, $starter.$rest) if defined $rest && $rest ne '';
- }
- elsif ( $arg !~ /^[-+]?[0-9.]+(\.[0-9]+)?([eE][-+]?[0-9]+)?$/ ) {
- if ( defined $optarg || $mand eq "=" ) {
- if ( $passthrough ) {
- unshift (@ARGV, defined $rest ? $starter.$rest : $arg)
- unless defined $optarg;
- return (0);
- }
- warn ("Value \"", $arg, "\" invalid for option ",
- $opt, " (real number expected)\n");
- $error++;
- undef $opt;
- # Push back.
- unshift (@ARGV, $starter.$rest) if defined $rest;
- }
- else {
- # Push back.
- unshift (@ARGV, defined $rest ? $starter.$rest : $arg);
- # Supply default value.
- $arg = 0.0;
- }
- }
- }
- else {
- Croak ("GetOpt::Long internal error (Can't happen)\n");
- }
- return (1, $opt, $arg, $dsttype, $incr, $key);
- }
-
- # Getopt::Long Configuration.
- sub Configure (@) {
- my (@options) = @_;
-
- my $prevconfig =
- [ $error, $debug, $major_version, $minor_version,
- $autoabbrev, $getopt_compat, $ignorecase, $bundling, $order,
- $passthrough, $genprefix ];
-
- if ( ref($options[0]) eq 'ARRAY' ) {
- ( $error, $debug, $major_version, $minor_version,
- $autoabbrev, $getopt_compat, $ignorecase, $bundling, $order,
- $passthrough, $genprefix ) = @{shift(@options)};
- }
-
- my $opt;
- foreach $opt ( @options ) {
- my $try = lc ($opt);
- my $action = 1;
- if ( $try =~ /^no_?(.*)$/s ) {
- $action = 0;
- $try = $+;
- }
- if ( $try eq 'default' or $try eq 'defaults' ) {
- ConfigDefaults () if $action;
- }
- elsif ( $try eq 'auto_abbrev' or $try eq 'autoabbrev' ) {
- $autoabbrev = $action;
- }
- elsif ( $try eq 'getopt_compat' ) {
- $getopt_compat = $action;
- }
- elsif ( $try eq 'ignorecase' or $try eq 'ignore_case' ) {
- $ignorecase = $action;
- }
- elsif ( $try eq 'ignore_case_always' ) {
- $ignorecase = $action ? 2 : 0;
- }
- elsif ( $try eq 'bundling' ) {
- $bundling = $action;
- }
- elsif ( $try eq 'bundling_override' ) {
- $bundling = $action ? 2 : 0;
- }
- elsif ( $try eq 'require_order' ) {
- $order = $action ? $REQUIRE_ORDER : $PERMUTE;
- }
- elsif ( $try eq 'permute' ) {
- $order = $action ? $PERMUTE : $REQUIRE_ORDER;
- }
- elsif ( $try eq 'pass_through' or $try eq 'passthrough' ) {
- $passthrough = $action;
- }
- elsif ( $try =~ /^prefix=(.+)$/ ) {
- $genprefix = $1;
- # Turn into regexp. Needs to be parenthesized!
- $genprefix = "(" . quotemeta($genprefix) . ")";
- eval { '' =~ /$genprefix/; };
- Croak ("Getopt::Long: invalid pattern \"$genprefix\"") if $@;
- }
- elsif ( $try =~ /^prefix_pattern=(.+)$/ ) {
- $genprefix = $1;
- # Parenthesize if needed.
- $genprefix = "(" . $genprefix . ")"
- unless $genprefix =~ /^\(.*\)$/;
- eval { '' =~ /$genprefix/; };
- Croak ("Getopt::Long: invalid pattern \"$genprefix\"") if $@;
- }
- elsif ( $try eq 'debug' ) {
- $debug = $action;
- }
- else {
- Croak ("Getopt::Long: unknown config parameter \"$opt\"")
- }
- }
- $prevconfig;
- }
-
- # Deprecated name.
- sub config (@) {
- Configure (@_);
- }
-
- # To prevent Carp from being loaded unnecessarily.
- sub Croak (@) {
- require 'Carp.pm';
- $Carp::CarpLevel = 1;
- Carp::croak(@_);
- };
-
- ################ Documentation ################
-
- =head1 NAME
-
- Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
-
- =head1 SYNOPSIS
-
- use Getopt::Long;
- $result = GetOptions (...option-descriptions...);
-
- =head1 DESCRIPTION
-
- The Getopt::Long module implements an extended getopt function called
- GetOptions(). This function adheres to the POSIX syntax for command
- line options, with GNU extensions. In general, this means that options
- have long names instead of single letters, and are introduced with a
- double dash "--". Support for bundling of command line options, as was
- the case with the more traditional single-letter approach, is provided
- but not enabled by default.
-
- =head1 Command Line Options, an Introduction
-
- Command line operated programs traditionally take their arguments from
- the command line, for example filenames or other information that the
- program needs to know. Besides arguments, these programs often take
- command line I<options> as well. Options are not necessary for the
- program to work, hence the name 'option', but are used to modify its
- default behaviour. For example, a program could do its job quietly,
- but with a suitable option it could provide verbose information about
- what it did.
-
- Command line options come in several flavours. Historically, they are
- preceded by a single dash C<->, and consist of a single letter.
-
- -l -a -c
-
- Usually, these single-character options can be bundled:
-
- -lac
-
- Options can have values, the value is placed after the option
- character. Sometimes with whitespace in between, sometimes not:
-
- -s 24 -s24
-
- Due to the very cryptic nature of these options, another style was
- developed that used long names. So instead of a cryptic C<-l> one
- could use the more descriptive C<--long>. To distinguish between a
- bundle of single-character options and a long one, two dashes are used
- to precede the option name. Early implementations of long options used
- a plus C<+> instead. Also, option values could be specified either
- like
-
- --size=24
-
- or
-
- --size 24
-
- The C<+> form is now obsolete and strongly deprecated.
-
- =head1 Getting Started with Getopt::Long
-
- Getopt::Long is the Perl5 successor of C<newgetopt.pl>. This was
- the firs Perl module that provided support for handling the new style
- of command line options, hence the name Getopt::Long. This module
- also supports single-character options and bundling. In this case, the
- options are restricted to alphabetic characters only, and the
- characters C<?> and C<->.
-
- To use Getopt::Long from a Perl program, you must include the
- following line in your Perl program:
-
- use Getopt::Long;
-
- This will load the core of the Getopt::Long module and prepare your
- program for using it. Most of the actual Getopt::Long code is not
- loaded until you really call one of its functions.
-
- In the default configuration, options names may be abbreviated to
- uniqueness, case does not matter, and a single dash is sufficient,
- even for long option names. Also, options may be placed between
- non-option arguments. See L<Configuring Getopt::Long> for more
- details on how to configure Getopt::Long.
-
- =head2 Simple options
-
- The most simple options are the ones that take no values. Their mere
- presence on the command line enables the option. Popular examples are:
-
- --all --verbose --quiet --debug
-
- Handling simple options is straightforward:
-
- my $verbose = ''; # option variable with default value (false)
- my $all = ''; # option variable with default value (false)
- GetOptions ('verbose' => \$verbose, 'all' => \$all);
-
- The call to GetOptions() parses the command line arguments that are
- present in C<@ARGV> and sets the option variable to the value C<1> if
- the option did occur on the command line. Otherwise, the option
- variable is not touched. Setting the option value to true is often
- called I<enabling> the option.
-
- The option name as specified to the GetOptions() function is called
- the option I<specification>. Later we'll see that this specification
- can contain more than just the option name. The reference to the
- variable is called the option I<destination>.
-
- GetOptions() will return a true value if the command line could be
- processed successfully. Otherwise, it will write error messages to
- STDERR, and return a false result.
-
- =head2 A little bit less simple options
-
- Getopt::Long supports two useful variants of simple options:
- I<negatable> options and I<incremental> options.
-
- A negatable option is specified with a exclamation mark C<!> after the
- option name:
-
- my $verbose = ''; # option variable with default value (false)
- GetOptions ('verbose!' => \$verbose);
-
- Now, using C<--verbose> on the command line will enable C<$verbose>,
- as expected. But it is also allowed to use C<--noverbose>, which will
- disable C<$verbose> by setting its value to C<0>. Using a suitable
- default value, the program can find out whether C<$verbose> is false
- by default, or disabled by using C<--noverbose>.
-
- An incremental option is specified with a plus C<+> after the
- option name:
-
- my $verbose = ''; # option variable with default value (false)
- GetOptions ('verbose+' => \$verbose);
-
- Using C<--verbose> on the command line will increment the value of
- C<$verbose>. This way the program can keep track of how many times the
- option occurred on the command line. For example, each occurrence of
- C<--verbose> could increase the verbosity level of the program.
-
- =head2 Mixing command line option with other arguments
-
- Usually programs take command line options as well as other arguments,
- for example, file names. It is good practice to always specify the
- options first, and the other arguments last. Getopt::Long will,
- however, allow the options and arguments to be mixed and 'filter out'
- all the options before passing the rest of the arguments to the
- program. To stop Getopt::Long from processing further arguments,
- insert a double dash C<--> on the command line:
-
- --size 24 -- --all
-
- In this example, C<--all> will I<not> be treated as an option, but
- passed to the program unharmed, in C<@ARGV>.
-
- =head2 Options with values
-
- For options that take values it must be specified whether the option
- value is required or not, and what kind of value the option expects.
-
- Three kinds of values are supported: integer numbers, floating point
- numbers, and strings.
-
- If the option value is required, Getopt::Long will take the
- command line argument that follows the option and assign this to the
- option variable. If, however, the option value is specified as
- optional, this will only be done if that value does not look like a
- valid command line option itself.
-
- my $tag = ''; # option variable with default value
- GetOptions ('tag=s' => \$tag);
-
- In the option specification, the option name is followed by an equals
- sign C<=> and the letter C<s>. The equals sign indicates that this
- option requires a value. The letter C<s> indicates that this value is
- an arbitrary string. Other possible value types are C<i> for integer
- values, and C<f> for floating point values. Using a colon C<:> instead
- of the equals sign indicates that the option value is optional. In
- this case, if no suitable value is supplied, string valued options get
- an empty string C<''> assigned, while numeric options are set to C<0>.
-
- =head2 Options with multiple values
-
- Options sometimes take several values. For example, a program could
- use multiple directories to search for library files:
-
- --library lib/stdlib --library lib/extlib
-
- To accomplish this behaviour, simply specify an array reference as the
- destination for the option:
-
- my @libfiles = ();
- GetOptions ("library=s" => \@libfiles);
-
- Used with the example above, C<@libfiles> would contain two strings
- upon completion: C<"lib/srdlib"> and C<"lib/extlib">, in that order.
- It is also possible to specify that only integer or floating point
- numbers are acceptible values.
-
- Often it is useful to allow comma-separated lists of values as well as
- multiple occurrences of the options. This is easy using Perl's split()
- and join() operators:
-
- my @libfiles = ();
- GetOptions ("library=s" => \@libfiles);
- @libfiles = split(/,/,join(',',@libfiles));
-
- Of course, it is important to choose the right separator string for
- each purpose.
-
- =head2 Options with hash values
-
- If the option destination is a reference to a hash, the option will
- take, as value, strings of the form I<key>C<=>I<value>. The value will
- be stored with the specified key in the hash.
-
- my %defines = ();
- GetOptions ("define=s" => \%defines);
-
- When used with command line options:
-
- --define os=linux --define vendor=redhat
-
- the hash C<%defines> will contain two keys, C<"os"> with value
- C<"linux> and C<"vendor"> with value C<"redhat">.
- It is also possible to specify that only integer or floating point
- numbers are acceptible values. The keys are always taken to be strings.
-
- =head2 User-defined subroutines to handle options
-
- Ultimate control over what should be done when (actually: each time)
- an option is encountered on the command line can be achieved by
- designating a reference to a subroutine (or an anonymous subroutine)
- as the option destination. When GetOptions() encounters the option, it
- will call the subroutine with two arguments: the name of the option,
- and the value to be assigned. It is up to the subroutine to store the
- value, or do whatever it thinks is appropriate.
-
- A trivial application of this mechanism is to implement options that
- are related to each other. For example:
-
- my $verbose = ''; # option variable with default value (false)
- GetOptions ('verbose' => \$verbose,
- 'quiet' => sub { $verbose = 0 });
-
- Here C<--verbose> and C<--quiet> control the same variable
- C<$verbose>, but with opposite values.
-
- If the subroutine needs to signal an error, it should call die() with
- the desired error message as its argument. GetOptions() will catch the
- die(), issue the error message, and record that an error result must
- be returned upon completion.
-
- If the text of the error message starts with an exclamantion mark C<!>
- it is interpreted specially by GetOptions(). There is currently one
- special command implemented: C<die("!FINISH")> will cause GetOptions()
- to stop processing options, as if it encountered a double dash C<-->.
-
- =head2 Options with multiple names
-
- Often it is user friendly to supply alternate mnemonic names for
- options. For example C<--height> could be an alternate name for
- C<--length>. Alternate names can be included in the option
- specification, separated by vertical bar C<|> characters. To implement
- the above example:
-
- GetOptions ('length|height=f' => \$length);
-
- The first name is called the I<primary> name, the other names are
- called I<aliases>.
-
- Multiple alternate names are possible.
-
- =head2 Case and abbreviations
-
- Without additional configuration, GetOptions() will ignore the case of
- option names, and allow the options to be abbreviated to uniqueness.
-
- GetOptions ('length|height=f' => \$length, "head" => \$head);
-
- This call will allow C<--l> and C<--L> for the length option, but
- requires a least C<--hea> and C<--hei> for the head and height options.
-
- =head2 Summary of Option Specifications
-
- Each option specifier consists of two parts: the name specification
- and the argument specification.
-
- The name specification contains the name of the option, optionally
- followed by a list of alternative names separated by vertical bar
- characters.
-
- length option name is "length"
- length|size|l name is "length", aliases are "size" and "l"
-
- The argument specification is optional. If omitted, the option is
- considered boolean, a value of 1 will be assigned when the option is
- used on the command line.
-
- The argument specification can be
-
- =over
-
- =item !
-
- The option does not take an argument and may be negated, i.e. prefixed
- by "no". E.g. C<"foo!"> will allow C<--foo> (a value of 1 will be
- assigned) and C<--nofoo> (a value of 0 will be assigned). If the
- option has aliases, this applies to the aliases as well.
-
- Using negation on a single letter option when bundling is in effect is
- pointless and will result in a warning.
-
- =item +
-
- The option does not take an argument and will be incremented by 1
- every time it appears on the command line. E.g. C<"more+">, when used
- with C<--more --more --more>, will increment the value three times,
- resulting in a value of 3 (provided it was 0 or undefined at first).
-
- The C<+> specifier is ignored if the option destination is not a scalar.
-
- =item = I<type> [ I<desttype> ]
-
- The option requires an argument of the given type. Supported types
- are:
-
- =over
-
- =item s
-
- String. An arbitrary sequence of characters. It is valid for the
- argument to start with C<-> or C<-->.
-
- =item i
-
- Integer. An optional leading plus or minus sign, followed by a
- sequence of digits.
-
- =item f
-
- Real number. For example C<3.14>, C<-6.23E24> and so on.
-
- =back
-
- The I<desttype> can be C<@> or C<%> to specify that the option is
- list or a hash valued. This is only needed when the destination for
- the option value is not otherwise specified. It should be omitted when
- not needed.
-
- =item : I<type> [ I<desttype> ]
-
- Like C<=>, but designates the argument as optional.
- If omitted, an empty string will be assigned to string values options,
- and the value zero to numeric options.
-
- Note that if a string argument starts with C<-> or C<-->, it will be
- considered an option on itself.
-
- =back
-
- =head1 Advanced Possibilities
-
- =head2 Documentation and help texts
-
- Getopt::Long encourages the use of Pod::Usage to produce help
- messages. For example:
-
- use Getopt::Long;
- use Pod::Usage;
-
- my $man = 0;
- my $help = 0;
-
- GetOptions('help|?' => \$help, man => \$man) or pod2usage(2);
- pod2usage(1) if $help;
- pod2usage(-exitstatus => 0, -verbose => 2) if $man;
-
- __END__
-
- =head1 NAME
-
- sample - Using GetOpt::Long and Pod::Usage
-
- =head1 SYNOPSIS
-
- sample [options] [file ...]
-
- Options:
- -help brief help message
- -man full documentation
-
- =head1 OPTIONS
-
- =over 8
-
- =item B<-help>
-
- Print a brief help message and exits.
-
- =item B<-man>
-
- Prints the manual page and exits.
-
- =back
-
- =head1 DESCRIPTION
-
- B<This program> will read the given input file(s) and do someting
- useful with the contents thereof.
-
- =cut
-
- See L<Pod::Usage> for details.
-
- =head2 Storing options in a hash
-
- Sometimes, for example when there are a lot of options, having a
- separate variable for each of them can be cumbersome. GetOptions()
- supports, as an alternative mechanism, storing options in a hash.
-
- To obtain this, a reference to a hash must be passed I<as the first
- argument> to GetOptions(). For each option that is specified on the
- command line, the option value will be stored in the hash with the
- option name as key. Options that are not actually used on the command
- line will not be put in the hash, on other words,
- C<exists($h{option})> (or defined()) can be used to test if an option
- was used. The drawback is that warnings will be issued if the program
- runs under C<use strict> and uses C<$h{option}> without testing with
- exists() or defined() first.
-
- my %h = ();
- GetOptions (\%h, 'length=i'); # will store in $h{length}
-
- For options that take list or hash values, it is necessary to indicate
- this by appending an C<@> or C<%> sign after the type:
-
- GetOptions (\%h, 'colours=s@'); # will push to @{$h{colours}}
-
- To make things more complicated, the hash may contain references to
- the actual destinations, for example:
-
- my $len = 0;
- my %h = ('length' => \$len);
- GetOptions (\%h, 'length=i'); # will store in $len
-
- This example is fully equivalent with:
-
- my $len = 0;
- GetOptions ('length=i' => \$len); # will store in $len
-
- Any mixture is possible. For example, the most frequently used options
- could be stored in variables while all other options get stored in the
- hash:
-
- my $verbose = 0; # frequently referred
- my $debug = 0; # frequently referred
- my %h = ('verbose' => \$verbose, 'debug' => \$debug);
- GetOptions (\%h, 'verbose', 'debug', 'filter', 'size=i');
- if ( $verbose ) { ... }
- if ( exists $h{filter} ) { ... option 'filter' was specified ... }
-
- =head2 Bundling
-
- With bundling it is possible to set several single-character options
- at once. For example if C<a>, C<v> and C<x> are all valid options,
-
- -vax
-
- would set all three.
-
- Getopt::Long supports two levels of bundling. To enable bundling, a
- call to Getopt::Long::Configure is required.
-
- The first level of bundling can be enabled with:
-
- Getopt::Long::Configure ("bundling");
-
- Configured this way, single-character options can be bundled but long
- options B<must> always start with a double dash C<--> to avoid
- abiguity. For example, when C<vax>, C<a>, C<v> and C<x> are all valid
- options,
-
- -vax
-
- would set C<a>, C<v> and C<x>, but
-
- --vax
-
- would set C<vax>.
-
- The second level of bundling lifts this restriction. It can be enabled
- with:
-
- Getopt::Long::Configure ("bundling_override");
-
- Now, C<-vax> would set the option C<vax>.
-
- When any level of bundling is enabled, option values may be inserted
- in the bundle. For example:
-
- -h24w80
-
- is equivalent to
-
- -h 24 -w 80
-
- When configured for bundling, single-character options are matched
- case sensitive while long options are matched case insensitive. To
- have the single-character options matched case insensitive as well,
- use:
-
- Getopt::Long::Configure ("bundling", "ignorecase_always");
-
- It goes without saying that bundling can be quite confusing.
-
- =head2 The lonesome dash
-
- Some applications require the option C<-> (that's a lone dash). This
- can be achieved by adding an option specification with an empty name:
-
- GetOptions ('' => \$stdio);
-
- A lone dash on the command line will now be legal, and set options
- variable C<$stdio>.
-
- =head2 Argument call-back
-
- A special option 'name' C<<>> can be used to designate a subroutine
- to handle non-option arguments. When GetOptions() encounters an
- argument that does not look like an option, it will immediately call this
- subroutine and passes it the argument as a parameter.
-
- For example:
-
- my $width = 80;
- sub process { ... }
- GetOptions ('width=i' => \$width, '<>' => \&process);
-
- When applied to the following command line:
-
- arg1 --width=72 arg2 --width=60 arg3
-
- This will call
- C<process("arg1")> while C<$width> is C<80>,
- C<process("arg2")> while C<$width> is C<72>, and
- C<process("arg3")> while C<$width> is C<60>.
-
- This feature requires configuration option B<permute>, see section
- L<Configuring Getopt::Long>.
-
-
- =head1 Configuring Getopt::Long
-
- Getopt::Long can be configured by calling subroutine
- Getopt::Long::Configure(). This subroutine takes a list of quoted
- strings, each specifying a configuration option to be set, e.g.
- C<ignore_case>, or reset, e.g. C<no_ignore_case>. Case does not
- matter. Multiple calls to Configure() are possible.
-
- The following options are available:
-
- =over 12
-
- =item default
-
- This option causes all configuration options to be reset to their
- default values.
-
- =item auto_abbrev
-
- Allow option names to be abbreviated to uniqueness.
- Default is set unless environment variable
- POSIXLY_CORRECT has been set, in which case C<auto_abbrev> is reset.
-
- =item getopt_compat
-
- Allow C<+> to start options.
- Default is set unless environment variable
- POSIXLY_CORRECT has been set, in which case C<getopt_compat> is reset.
-
- =item require_order
-
- Whether command line arguments are allowed to be mixed with options.
- Default is set unless environment variable
- POSIXLY_CORRECT has been set, in which case C<require_order> is reset.
-
- See also C<permute>, which is the opposite of C<require_order>.
-
- =item permute
-
- Whether command line arguments are allowed to be mixed with options.
- Default is set unless environment variable
- POSIXLY_CORRECT has been set, in which case C<permute> is reset.
- Note that C<permute> is the opposite of C<require_order>.
-
- If C<permute> is set, this means that
-
- --foo arg1 --bar arg2 arg3
-
- is equivalent to
-
- --foo --bar arg1 arg2 arg3
-
- If an argument call-back routine is specified, C<@ARGV> will always be
- empty upon succesful return of GetOptions() since all options have been
- processed. The only exception is when C<--> is used:
-
- --foo arg1 --bar arg2 -- arg3
-
- will call the call-back routine for arg1 and arg2, and terminate
- GetOptions() leaving C<"arg2"> in C<@ARGV>.
-
- If C<require_order> is set, options processing
- terminates when the first non-option is encountered.
-
- --foo arg1 --bar arg2 arg3
-
- is equivalent to
-
- --foo -- arg1 --bar arg2 arg3
-
- =item bundling (default: reset)
-
- Setting this option will allow single-character options to be bundled.
- To distinguish bundles from long option names, long options I<must> be
- introduced with C<--> and single-character options (and bundles) with
- C<->.
-
- Note: resetting C<bundling> also resets C<bundling_override>.
-
- =item bundling_override (default: reset)
-
- If C<bundling_override> is set, bundling is enabled as with
- C<bundling> but now long option names override option bundles.
-
- Note: resetting C<bundling_override> also resets C<bundling>.
-
- B<Note:> Using option bundling can easily lead to unexpected results,
- especially when mixing long options and bundles. Caveat emptor.
-
- =item ignore_case (default: set)
-
- If set, case is ignored when matching long option names. Single
- character options will be treated case-sensitive.
-
- Note: resetting C<ignore_case> also resets C<ignore_case_always>.
-
- =item ignore_case_always (default: reset)
-
- When bundling is in effect, case is ignored on single-character
- options also.
-
- Note: resetting C<ignore_case_always> also resets C<ignore_case>.
-
- =item pass_through (default: reset)
-
- Options that are unknown, ambiguous or supplied with an invalid option
- value are passed through in C<@ARGV> instead of being flagged as
- errors. This makes it possible to write wrapper scripts that process
- only part of the user supplied command line arguments, and pass the
- remaining options to some other program.
-
- This can be very confusing, especially when C<permute> is also set.
-
- =item prefix
-
- The string that starts options. If a constant string is not
- sufficient, see C<prefix_pattern>.
-
- =item prefix_pattern
-
- A Perl pattern that identifies the strings that introduce options.
- Default is C<(--|-|\+)> unless environment variable
- POSIXLY_CORRECT has been set, in which case it is C<(--|-)>.
-
- =item debug (default: reset)
-
- Enable copious debugging output.
-
- =back
-
- =head1 Return values and Errors
-
- Configuration errors and errors in the option definitions are
- signalled using die() and will terminate the calling program unless
- the call to Getopt::Long::GetOptions() was embedded in C<eval { ...
- }>, or die() was trapped using C<$SIG{__DIE__}>.
-
- A return value of 1 (true) indicates success.
-
- A return status of 0 (false) indicates that the function detected one
- or more errors during option parsing. These errors are signalled using
- warn() and can be trapped with C<$SIG{__WARN__}>.
-
- Errors that can't happen are signalled using Carp::croak().
-
- =head1 Legacy
-
- The earliest development of C<newgetopt.pl> started in 1990, with Perl
- version 4. As a result, its development, and the development of
- Getopt::Long, has gone through several stages. Since backward
- compatibility has always been extremely important, the current version
- of Getopt::Long still supports a lot of constructs that nowadays are
- no longer necessary or otherwise unwanted. This section describes
- briefly some of these 'features'.
-
- =head2 Default destinations
-
- When no destination is specified for an option, GetOptions will store
- the resultant value in a global variable named C<opt_>I<XXX>, where
- I<XXX> is the primary name of this option. When a progam executes
- under C<use strict> (recommended), these variables must be
- pre-declared with our() or C<use vars>.
-
- our $opt_length = 0;
- GetOptions ('length=i'); # will store in $opt_length
-
- To yield a usable Perl variable, characters that are not part of the
- syntax for variables are translated to underscores. For example,
- C<--fpp-struct-return> will set the variable
- C<$opt_fpp_struct_return>. Note that this variable resides in the
- namespace of the calling program, not necessarily C<main>. For
- example:
-
- GetOptions ("size=i", "sizes=i@");
-
- with command line "-size 10 -sizes 24 -sizes 48" will perform the
- equivalent of the assignments
-
- $opt_size = 10;
- @opt_sizes = (24, 48);
-
- =head2 Alternative option starters
-
- A string of alternative option starter characters may be passed as the
- first argument (or the first argument after a leading hash reference
- argument).
-
- my $len = 0;
- GetOptions ('/', 'length=i' => $len);
-
- Now the command line may look like:
-
- /length 24 -- arg
-
- Note that to terminate options processing still requires a double dash
- C<-->.
-
- GetOptions() will not interpret a leading C<"<>"> as option starters
- if the next argument is a reference. To force C<"<"> and C<">"> as
- option starters, use C<"><">. Confusing? Well, B<using a starter
- argument is strongly deprecated> anyway.
-
- =head2 Configuration variables
-
- Previous versions of Getopt::Long used variables for the purpose of
- configuring. Although manipulating these variables still work, it
- is strongly encouraged to use the new C<config> routine. Besides, it
- is much easier.
-
- =head1 AUTHOR
-
- Johan Vromans E<lt>jvromans@squirrel.nlE<gt>
-
- =head1 COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
-
- This program is Copyright 2000,1990 by Johan Vromans.
- This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
- modify it under the terms of the Perl Artistic License or the
- GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
- Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any
- later version.
-
- This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
- GNU General Public License for more details.
-
- If you do not have a copy of the GNU General Public License write to
- the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge,
- MA 02139, USA.
-
- =cut
-
- # Local Variables:
- # mode: perl
- # eval: (load-file "pod.el")
- # End:
-