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<TITLE>diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning diagnostics</TITLE>
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<STRONG><P CLASS=block> diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning diagnostics</P></STRONG>
</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<A NAME="__index__"></A>
<!-- INDEX BEGIN -->
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#name">NAME</A></LI><LI><A HREF="#supportedplatforms">SUPPORTED PLATFORMS</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#synopsis">SYNOPSIS</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#description">DESCRIPTION</A></LI>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#the diagnostics pragma">The <CODE>diagnostics</CODE> Pragma</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#the splain program">The <EM>splain</EM> Program</A></LI>
</UL>
<LI><A HREF="#examples">EXAMPLES</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#internals">INTERNALS</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#bugs">BUGS</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#author">AUTHOR</A></LI>
</UL>
<!-- INDEX END -->
<HR>
<P>
<H1><A NAME="name">NAME</A></H1>
<P>diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning diagnostics</P>
<P>splain - standalone program to do the same thing</P>
<P>
<HR>
<H1><A NAME="supportedplatforms">SUPPORTED PLATFORMS</A></H1>
<UL>
<LI>Linux</LI>
<LI>Solaris</LI>
<LI>Windows</LI>
</UL>
<HR>
<H1><A NAME="synopsis">SYNOPSIS</A></H1>
<P>As a pragma:</P>
<PRE>
use diagnostics;
use diagnostics -verbose;</PRE>
<PRE>
enable diagnostics;
disable diagnostics;</PRE>
<P>Aa a program:</P>
<PRE>
perl program 2>diag.out
splain [-v] [-p] diag.out</PRE>
<P>
<HR>
<H1><A NAME="description">DESCRIPTION</A></H1>
<P>
<H2><A NAME="the diagnostics pragma">The <CODE>diagnostics</CODE> Pragma</A></H2>
<P>This module extends the terse diagnostics normally emitted by both the
perl compiler and the perl interpreter, augmenting them with the more
explicative and endearing descriptions found in <A HREF="../lib/Pod/perldiag.html">the perldiag manpage</A>. Like the
other pragmata, it affects the compilation phase of your program rather
than merely the execution phase.</P>
<P>To use in your program as a pragma, merely invoke</P>
<PRE>
use diagnostics;</PRE>
<P>at the start (or near the start) of your program. (Note
that this <EM>does</EM> enable perl's <STRONG>-w</STRONG> flag.) Your whole
compilation will then be subject(ed :-) to the enhanced diagnostics.
These still go out <STRONG>STDERR</STRONG>.</P>
<P>Due to the interaction between runtime and compiletime issues,
and because it's probably not a very good idea anyway,
you may not use <CODE>no diagnostics</CODE> to turn them off at compiletime.
However, you may control there behaviour at runtime using the
<CODE>disable()</CODE> and <CODE>enable()</CODE> methods to turn them off and on respectively.</P>
<P>The <STRONG>-verbose</STRONG> flag first prints out the <A HREF="../lib/Pod/perldiag.html">the perldiag manpage</A> introduction before
any other diagnostics. The $diagnostics::PRETTY variable can generate nicer
escape sequences for pagers.</P>
<P>Warnings dispatched from perl itself (or more accurately, those that match
descriptions found in <A HREF="../lib/Pod/perldiag.html">the perldiag manpage</A>) are only displayed once (no duplicate
descriptions). User code generated warnings ala <A HREF="../lib/Pod/perlfunc.html#item_warn"><CODE>warn()</CODE></A> are unaffected,
allowing duplicate user messages to be displayed.</P>
<P>
<H2><A NAME="the splain program">The <EM>splain</EM> Program</A></H2>
<P>While apparently a whole nuther program, <EM>splain</EM> is actually nothing
more than a link to the (executable) <EM>diagnostics.pm</EM> module, as well as
a link to the <EM>diagnostics.pod</EM> documentation. The <STRONG>-v</STRONG> flag is like
the <CODE>use diagnostics -verbose</CODE> directive.
The <STRONG>-p</STRONG> flag is like the
$diagnostics::PRETTY variable. Since you're post-processing with
<EM>splain</EM>, there's no sense in being able to <CODE>enable()</CODE> or <CODE>disable()</CODE> processing.</P>
<P>Output from <EM>splain</EM> is directed to <STRONG>STDOUT</STRONG>, unlike the pragma.</P>
<P>
<HR>
<H1><A NAME="examples">EXAMPLES</A></H1>
<P>The following file is certain to trigger a few errors at both
runtime and compiletime:</P>
<PRE>
use diagnostics;
print NOWHERE "nothing\n";
print STDERR "\n\tThis message should be unadorned.\n";
warn "\tThis is a user warning";
print "\nDIAGNOSTIC TESTER: Please enter a <CR> here: ";
my $a, $b = scalar <STDIN>;
print "\n";
print $x/$y;</PRE>
<P>If you prefer to run your program first and look at its problem
afterwards, do this:</P>
<PRE>
perl -w test.pl 2>test.out
./splain < test.out</PRE>
<P>Note that this is not in general possible in shells of more dubious heritage,
as the theoretical</P>
<PRE>
(perl -w test.pl >/dev/tty) >& test.out
./splain < test.out</PRE>
<P>Because you just moved the existing <STRONG>stdout</STRONG> to somewhere else.</P>
<P>If you don't want to modify your source code, but still have on-the-fly
warnings, do this:</P>
<PRE>
exec 3>&1; perl -w test.pl 2>&1 1>&3 3>&- | splain 1>&2 3>&-</PRE>
<P>Nifty, eh?</P>
<P>If you want to control warnings on the fly, do something like this.
Make sure you do the <A HREF="../lib/Pod/perlfunc.html#item_use"><CODE>use</CODE></A> first, or you won't be able to get
at the <CODE>enable()</CODE> or <CODE>disable()</CODE> methods.</P>
<PRE>
use diagnostics; # checks entire compilation phase
print "\ntime for 1st bogus diags: SQUAWKINGS\n";
print BOGUS1 'nada';
print "done with 1st bogus\n";</PRE>
<PRE>
disable diagnostics; # only turns off runtime warnings
print "\ntime for 2nd bogus: (squelched)\n";
print BOGUS2 'nada';
print "done with 2nd bogus\n";</PRE>
<PRE>
enable diagnostics; # turns back on runtime warnings
print "\ntime for 3rd bogus: SQUAWKINGS\n";
print BOGUS3 'nada';
print "done with 3rd bogus\n";</PRE>
<PRE>
disable diagnostics;
print "\ntime for 4th bogus: (squelched)\n";
print BOGUS4 'nada';
print "done with 4th bogus\n";</PRE>
<P>
<HR>
<H1><A NAME="internals">INTERNALS</A></H1>
<P>Diagnostic messages derive from the <EM>perldiag.pod</EM> file when available at
runtime. Otherwise, they may be embedded in the file itself when the
splain package is built. See the <EM>Makefile</EM> for details.</P>
<P>If an extant $SIG{__WARN__} handler is discovered, it will continue
to be honored, but only after the diagnostics::splainthis() function
(the module's $SIG{__WARN__} interceptor) has had its way with your
warnings.</P>
<P>There is a $diagnostics::DEBUG variable you may set if you're desperately
curious what sorts of things are being intercepted.</P>
<PRE>
BEGIN { $diagnostics::DEBUG = 1 }</PRE>
<P>
<HR>
<H1><A NAME="bugs">BUGS</A></H1>
<P>Not being able to say ``no diagnostics'' is annoying, but may not be
insurmountable.</P>
<P>The <CODE>-pretty</CODE> directive is called too late to affect matters.
You have to do this instead, and <EM>before</EM> you load the module.</P>
<PRE>
BEGIN { $diagnostics::PRETTY = 1 }</PRE>
<P>I could start up faster by delaying compilation until it should be
needed, but this gets a ``panic: top_level'' when using the pragma form
in Perl 5.001e.</P>
<P>While it's true that this documentation is somewhat subserious, if you use
a program named <EM>splain</EM>, you should expect a bit of whimsy.</P>
<P>
<HR>
<H1><A NAME="author">AUTHOR</A></H1>
<P>Tom Christiansen <<EM><A HREF="mailto:tchrist@mox.perl.com">tchrist@mox.perl.com</A></EM>>, 25 June 1995.</P>
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<STRONG><P CLASS=block> diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning diagnostics</P></STRONG>
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