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1997-12-23
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251 lines
Tips for avoiding SPAM
(c) Scott M. Baker, 1997
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
What is SPAM?
The term SPAM is generally used to refer to off-topic commercial messages which
are posted to newsgroups. These messages are usually advertisements for some
form of 'Pay' service, usually of an adult nature. Typically, advertisers post
SPAM messages multiple times and to multiple newsgroups.
While it's hard to blindly condemn commercialism, some of this has really
gotten out of hand. Some SPAM advertisers post hundreds of bulky off-topic
pictures to newsgroups where they clearly do not belong. Some of them even post
adult material to non-adult groups. This kind of recklessness and complete
disregard for Internet users has had a dreadful impact on usenet newsgroups.
There are ways to get by in a SPAM-filled world though. Through the use of
SBNews and the techniques I describe below, I have found it easy to eliminate
nearly all of the SPAM out there. My experiements show that by using the
techniques below, you can easilly reduce the amount of SPAM you download to
less than 1%. That's less than one SPAM download for every hundred good
downloads.
How can SBNews be set up to avoid SPAM?
I will present a list of techniques below, most of which that I use myself on
my own configuration:
1. "Maximum XRef Limit". The most effective technique, which also requires
very little manual effort is to use the Maximum XRef Limit. This setting
is located under the pull-down menu "Configure:Preferences". Typically, a
SPAM advertiser posts to many newsgroups at a time. When an article is
posted to many newsgroups, the news server automatically generates an
XRef header in the message which contains a list of which groups the
article is posted to. To make a long story short, you can tell SBNews to
ignore a message that is posted to too many newsgroups. I usually find a
setting of 8 to be appropriate, although these days an even lower setting
(5, or even 2 or 3) may be necessary. Note: You may also want to check
the "preload xref hdrs" box, described in step 3.
2. "Lockout XRef". You can find this option under the pull-down menu
"Configure:Lockout:Xref Group Name". As described above, the XRef line
contains a listing of newsgroups to which the message is posted to. There
may be some newsgroups which contains subject matter that you are
absolutely certain that you don't want to receive (perhaps material that
is offensive to you). If a message is cross-posted to one of these
undesirable groups, then you probably don't want it. You can enter the
names of groups that are undesirable into the Lockout XRef dialog box,
and SBNews will ignore any message which is cross-posted to the groups
that you list. Note: You may also want to check the "preload xref hdrs"
box described in step 3.
3. "Preload XRef Headers". This option is located under the pull-down menu
"Configure:Preferences". By default, SBNews does not pre-download the
header lines containing xref information. This is done to make the header
download process faster for people who do not use the XRef options
described above. Thus, SBNews doesn't know that a message should be
ignored until the message has begun downloading. To abort the message, a
disconnect/reconnect cycle is required, which is a bit inefficient.
However, if you make heavy use of the xref limit/lockouts (described
above), then you will probably want to pre-download the xref headers.
Checking this option will cause SBNews to download the headers ahead of
time, so that SBNews can decide whether a message should be ignored
without having to begin downloading the message. I highly recommend this
option if you use steps 1 & 2 above.
4. "Minimum Message Lines". Located under the pull-down menu
"Configure:Preferences". There are a lot of SPAM advertisers that post
short text messages into the binary groups. Although these messages are
short, they still do waste some of your download time parsing through
them. I recommend setting the minimum lines setting to "100". If there's
anything with less than 100 lines, then it probably isn't worth having
anyway.
5. "Lockout Poster". Located under the pull-down menu
"Configure:Lockout:Poster", "Current:Lockout", and "Previous:Lockout".
The poster is the name of the person who sent the message. SPAM
advertisers usually invent bogus names, but they do tend to reuse the
names frequently. Sometimes they will consistently use the same domain
part of a name. When you lockout a poster, SBNews will ignore any
messages posted by that name. You can manually enter lockouts using the
"Configure:Lockout:Poster" dialog box, or you can automatically lockout a
person who posted an unsuitable image in the previous/current thumbnails
by using the "Current:Lockout" and "Previous:Lockout" options. You don't
have to specify a full name, you can specify just part of the name. For
example, if you locked out "@bogusspam.com", that would match
"tom@bogusspam.com", "joe@bogusspam.com", etc.
6. "Lockout Subject". Located under the pull-down menu
"Configure:Lockout:Subject". SPAM advertisers have to mention their
service somewhere, and they usually like to do it in the subject field of
the message. Sometimes they'll stick an http address in there. As with
the Lockout Poster option, you don't have to type a full subject line
here, you can just enter the part of the subject that identifies the SPAM
advertiser. For example, "phone sex" would eliminate any message subject
that had that phrase in it.
7. Add "free" to Lockout Subject. Located under the pull-down menu
"Configure:Lockout:Subject". Every commercial SPAM advertiser wants you
to think that their pay service is free, so the majority of them put the
word "free" in the subject line. Locking out free will get rid of a
considerable amount of junk. There is a risk with this option -- you will
lose some relevant data from people who actually are posting something
that is free, but this is the exception rather than the rule.
[Recommended cautiously due to possible loss of relevant material]
8. Add "http://" to Lockout Subject. Located under the pull-down menu
"Configure:Lockout:Subject". Commercial SPAM advertisers like to put
their http address in the subject line so that you know how to get to
their service. As with the previous step, you will probably miss out on
some actual relevant material from people who are posting http addresses
to their website. Again, this is the exception rather than the rule.
[Recommended cautiously due to possible loss of relevant material]
9. Use the <Headers> button. You can use the <headers> button to parse
through the headers of a newsgroup and lockout/reject messages as you see
ones you don't want. This is rather labor intensive, but it does provide
good results. SBNews will need to actually load the headers for a group
before you can edit them (thus, you must be connected).
10. "Lockout Any". Located under the pull-down menu "Configure:Lockout:Any".
You can lockout a phrase from any header line. This works on subject,
from, posting-host, xref, and about a dozen other header lines in the
message. Thus, if you know a phrase you absolutely don't want ("phone
sex" is a good candidate here!), you can type in in here and SBNews will
abort any message with the offending phrase.
11. "Lockout Posting Host". Located under the pull-down menu
"Configure:Lockout:Posting-Host". This is a real power-user option. Each
message includes a "NNTP-Posting-Host" field which identifies the host
from which the message was sent. Usually this host is the ISP (Internet
Service Provider) of the SPAM advertiser. To find "NNTP-Posting-Host"
fields, you'll have to use the <Headers> button, and the <Read> button
located in the headers list to read an offending message, then scroll
through header lines of the message itself. "NNTP-Posting-Host" should be
one of them. Enter the host name into the lockout dialog. Like I said,
this is a power user type function and should only be used by experienced
persons. Most SPAM advertisers do not bother to supply a fictitious
posting host, so this usually works. However, you will reject an entire
host (which could be thousands of people), so this should be used with
caution.
12. Submit complaints. The only way SPAM can really be stopped is if enough
complaints are registered to the appropriate authorities. Some ISP's have
very strict anti-SPAM policies and will terminate any users who post
spam. This is usually not the case for the big commercial sites though.
Who do you complain to? The SPAM posters usually go to great lengths to
hide their true identities so they cannot be traced. However, if you user
the <Headers> button and <Read> the messages, you can find some
interesting data in the message headers. Look at the "Path:",
"Organization:", and "NNTP-Posting-Host:" lines -- these usually have
some valid addresses. You can try sending complaints in that direction.
The domain part is not enough to send to alone, you'll need a full email
address. You can pre-append the names "webmaster@", "support@",
"complaints@", "orders@", etc to the addresses and see if you can get
somewhere. (For example, if you see "Organization: bogusspam.com", try
posting to "webmaster@bogusspam.com") Sometimes your own ISP will have a
complaints department to which you can attach a message to and they will
follow-up and contact offender's ISP themselves.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary:
┌───────────────────────┬──────────────────────────┬─────────────────────────┐
│What │Where │Why │
├───────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────┤
│Maximum XRef Limit │Configuration:Preferences │Ignore messages posted to│
│ │ │more than a specified │
│ │ │number of newsgroups │
├───────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────┤
│Lockout XRef │Configure:Lockout:Xref │Ignore messages posted to│
│ │ │specific groups │
├───────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────┤
│Preload XRef │Configure:Preferences │In combination with │
│ │ │above, pre-loads the │
│ │ │"Xref" information so │
│ │ │that SBNews can ignore a │
│ │ │message without having to│
│ │ │start downloading it. │
├───────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────┤
│Minimum Message Lines │Configure:Preferences │Ignore messages with too │
│ │ │few lines in them to hold│
│ │ │meaningful data │
├───────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────┤
│Lockout Poster │Configure:Lockout:Poster │Ignore messages form a │
│ │ │specified person (or any │
│ │ │"From:" header line │
│ │ │containing the specified │
│ │ │pattern) │
├───────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────┤
│Lockout Subject │Configure:Lockout:Subject │Ignore messages with a │
│ │ │specific subject (or any │
│ │ │"Subject:" header line │
│ │ │containing the specified │
│ │ │pattern) │
├───────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────┤
│Add "free" to Lockout │Configure:Lockout:Subject │Lots of 'Pay' services │
│Subject │ │put 'Free' in the message│
│ │ │subject. │
├───────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────┤
│Add "http://" to │Configure:Lockout:Subject │Lots of 'Pay' services │
│Lockout Subject │ │put their http:// address│
│ │ │in the message subject │
├───────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────┤
│<Headers> button │<Headers> Button │Manually view message │
│ │ │headers and │
│ │ │reject/lockout the ones │
│ │ │you don't want. │
├───────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────┤
│Lockout Any │Configure:Lockout:Any │Lockout any phrases which│
│ │ │you know you don't want │
│ │ │to appear in desirable │
│ │ │messages. │
├───────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────┤
│Lockout Posting Host: │Configure:Lockout:Posting │Lockout a specific host │
│ │Host │(i.e. ISP or service │
│ │ │provider) which is │
│ │ │permitting SPAM │
├───────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────┤
│Complain │n/a │Submit complaints to the │
│ │ │the offender's ISP to │
│ │ │stop them. (sometimes it │
│ │ │does work, but not │
│ │ │usually) │
└───────────────────────┴──────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────┘
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
So how will it end?
You have to ask yourself, why are the commercial sites advertising in the
newsgroups? There can only be one reason: Because it works. Because they are
actually gaining customers by forcing advertisements down their throats.
There's a simple solution to this -- do not use the pay sites. There's plenty
of free stuff on the web -- just look around. The newsgroups are a good example
-- once you filter out the SPAM, there is a large amount of on-topic material
left behind.
Maybe the solution is to communicate to the SPAMMERS that there are better ways
to advertise. Posting 100 off-topic messages only enagages the average user
into "ignore mode". Flooding the newsgroups with 100 off-topic messages only
draws people away from the newsgroups. Posting 100 off-topic messages will
generate complaints. Sooner or later a capable authority will get involved. My
advice to all the SPAMMERS out there, "If you absolutely have to advertise in
the newsgroups, post one on-topic advertisement. If people really want to visit
your site, they'll do it."
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Closing Notes:
This document was originally written for SBNews version 4.8. I will try to keep
it updated as new versions are released. The above mechanisms and techniques
are some of the basic building blocks in SBNews and will probably be present
for all time, in more or less their current format.
You can find the latest version of SBNews at:
http://www.newsrobot.com/sbnews/sbnews.html