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- Network Working Group J. Myers
- Request For Comments: 1864 Carnegie Mellon
- Obsoletes: 1544 M. Rose
- Dover Beach Consulting, Inc.
- October 1995
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- The Content-MD5 Header Field
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- Status of this Memo
-
- This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
- Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
- improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
- Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
- and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
-
- Abstract
-
- This memo specifies an optional header field, Content-MD5, for use
- with MIME-conformant messages.
-
- Table of Contents
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- 1. Introduction .............................................. 1
- 2. Generation of the Content-MD5 Field ....................... 2
- 3. Processing the Content-MD5 field .......................... 3
- 4. Security Considerations ................................... 3
- 5. Acknowledgements .......................................... 3
- 6. References ................................................ 3
- 7. Authors' Addresses ........................................ 4
-
- 1. Introduction
-
- Despite all of the mechanisms provided by MIME [1] which attempt to
- protect data from being damaged in the course of email transport, it
- is still desirable to have a mechanism for verifying that the data,
- once decoded, are intact. For this reason, this memo defines the use
- of an optional header field, Content-MD5, which may be used as a
- message integrity check (MIC), to verify that the decoded data are
- the same data that were initially sent. The Content-MD5 header may
- also be placed in the encapsulated headers of an object of type
- message/external-body, to be used to verify that the retreived and
- decoded data are the same data that were initially referenced.
-
- MD5 is an algorithm for computing a 128 bit "digest" of arbitrary-
- length data, with a high degree of confidence that any alterations in
- the data will be reflected in alterations in the digest. The MD5
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- Myers & Rose Standards Track [Page 1]
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- RFC 1864 Content-MD5 Header Field October 1995
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- algorithm itself is defined in [2]. This memo specifies how the
- algorithm may be used as an integrity check for MIME mail.
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- 2. Generation of the Content-MD5 Field
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- The Content-MD5 field is generated by only an originating user agent.
- Message relays and gateways are expressly forbidden from generating a
- Content-MD5 field.
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- Use of the Content-MD5 field is completely optional, but its use is
- recommended whenever data integrity is desired, but Privacy-Enhanced
- Mail services [3] are not available. (Consult Section 4 for further
- details.) The Content-MD5 field may only be added to MIME entities of
- a `leaf' nature, i.e., the Content-MD5 field may be used with any
- content type other than multipart or message/rfc822.
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- To generate the value of the Content-MD5 field, the MD5 algorithm is
- computed on the canonical form of the MIME entity's object. In
- particular, this means that the sender applies the MD5 algorithm on
- the data immediately after conversion to canonical form, before
- applying any content-transfer-encoding, and that the receiver also
- applies the MD5 algorithm on the canonical form, after undoing any
- content-transfer-encoding. For textual data, this means the MD5
- algorithm must be computed on data in which the canonical form for
- newlines applies, that is, in which each newline is represented by a
- CR-LF pair. The canonical encoding model of MIME is described in
- Appendix G of [1].
-
- The output of the MD5 algorithm is a 128 bit digest. When viewed in
- network byte order (big-endian order), this yields a sequence of 16
- octets of binary data. These 16 octets are then encoded according to
- the base64 algorithm in order to obtain the value that is placed in
- the Content-MD5 field. Thus, if the application of the MD5 algorithm
- over the raw data of a MIME entity results in a digest having the
- (unlikely) value of "Check Integrity!", then that MIME entity's
- header could contain the field
-
- Content-MD5: Q2hlY2sgSW50ZWdyaXR5IQ==
-
- Finally, as discussed in Appendix B of [1], textual data is regularly
- altered in the normal delivery of mail. Because the addition or
- deletion of trailing white space will result in a different digest,
- either the quoted-printable or base64 algorithm should be employed as
- a content-transfer-encoding when the Content-MD5 field is used.
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- Myers & Rose Standards Track [Page 2]
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- RFC 1864 Content-MD5 Header Field October 1995
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- 3. Processing the Content-MD5 field
-
- If the Content-MD5 field is present, a recipient user agent may
- choose to use it to verify that the contents of a MIME entity have
- not been modified during transport. Message relays and gateways are
- expressly forbidden to alter their processing based on the presence
- of the Content-MD5 field. However, a message gateway is allowed to
- remove the Content-MD5 field if the corresponding MIME entity is
- translated into a different content-type.
-
- 4. Security Considerations
-
- This document specifies a data integrity service that protects data
- from accidental modification while in transit from the sender to the
- recipient. A secure data integrity service, such as that provided by
- Privacy Enhanced Mail [3], is conjectured to protect data from all
- modifications.
-
- 5. Acknowledgements
-
- This memo is based almost entirely on text originally written by
- Nathaniel Borenstein of Bellcore. In addition, several improvements
- were suggested by Keith Moore of the University of Tennessee,
- Knoxville.
-
- 6. References
-
- [1] Borenstein, N., and N. Freed, "MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail
- Extensions) Part One: Mechanisms for Specifying and Describing
- the Format of Internet Message Bodies", RFC 1521, Bellcore,
- Innosoft, September 1993.
-
- [2] Rivest, R., "The MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm", RFC 1321, MIT
- Laboratory for Computer Science and RSA Data Security, Inc.,
- April 1992.
-
- [3] Linn, J., "Privacy Enhancement for Internet Electronic Mail, Part
- I: Message Encryption and Authentication Procedures", RFC 1421,
- IAB IRTF PSRG, IETF PEM WG, February 1993.
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- Myers & Rose Standards Track [Page 3]
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- RFC 1864 Content-MD5 Header Field October 1995
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- 7. Authors' Addresses
-
- John G. Myers
- Carnegie Mellon University
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- EMail: jgm+@cmu.edu
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- Marshall T. Rose
- Dover Beach Consulting, Inc.
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- EMail: mrose@dbc.mtview.ca.us
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- Myers & Rose Standards Track [Page 4]
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