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- VirtualWeb-Mini-HOWTO
-
- Dan Pancamo, pancamo@infocom.net http://www.infocom.net/~pancamo/
-
- v1.0, 24 November 1995 Copyright 1995
-
- This HOWTO discuss the essentials of setting up a Virtual Web Site under Linux.
-
- Table of Contents
-
- 1.0 What is a Virtual Web Site?
- 2.0 What software patched do I need?
- 2.1 Linux versions 1.2.X requires the IPalias patch alias-patch-1.2.1-v1
- 2.2 Both NCSA 1.5 and Apache support Virtual hosting.
- 3.0 How Do I set it up?
- 3.1 Creating the new account
- 3.2 Setting up the NCSA 1.5 and Apache config files
- 3.3 Configuring the interface
- 3.4 Registering with Internic
- 3.5 Configuring Named
- 3.5.1 Example /etc/named.boot (replace x with your IP)
- 3.5.2 Example /etc/named.data/db.domain1.com
- 3.5.3 Example /etc/named.data/db.xxx.xxx.xxx
- 3.5.4 restart named; i.e. named.restart
- 3.6 Virtual Mail
- 3.6.1 Sendmail configuration
- 3.6.1.1. Create /etc/domainalias
- 3.6.1.2 Create the maped DB file
- 3.6.1.3.1. Add a Cw record for each host
- 3.6.1.3.2. Add the domainalias mapping
- 3.6.1.3.3. Add/Change Ruleset 98
- 3.7 Virtual FTP
-
- 4.0 Links to more Virtual Web Information
-
- 1.0 What is a Virtual Web Site?
-
- A World Wide Web (WWW) Server is normally a single machine dedicated to
- processing HTTP requests for a single WWW site. Simply put, one WWW site
- per machine. Since the computing resources for processing httpd requests is
- low for most WWW sites, the majority of the computing resources are left
- unused. A virtual WWW site simple allows more than one WWW site to share a
- single processor. Instead of having www.domain1.com and www.domain2.com
- requiring two physical computing devices, www.domain1.com and
- www.domain2.com can be located on a single computing device and share common
- resources.
-
- Normally small computing facilities, and small businesses do not have the
- resources to maintain a dedicated web server and a dedicated Internet
- connection. These cost can easily start off at $10K for setup, and
- $500-2500 monthly to maintain. Small computing facilities, and small
- businesses are now able to "rent" WWW space from a Virtual WWW providers.
- The customer can then maintain the WWW "pages" using a local telnet and/or
- FTP connection.
-
- WWW providers such as InfoCom Networks http://www.infocom.net/
- provide WWW space as low as $75 per month. A few Virtual Sites
- might clear up the mystery. So the cost of setting up a WWW site is
- significantly lower than that of setting up a dedicated server and
- connection. The Virtual Site has a major advantage over other WWW
- addressing schemes such as "www.yourprovider.com/~businessname". The
- Virtual WWW server inherently contains the ability to move to a new location
- or setup a dedicated WWW server without changing addresses. Changing WWW
- URL's can result in a major loss of traffic to your site, and lots of
- business literature updates.
-
- With most web sites, www.domain1.com and www.domain2.com both resolve to
- separate IP's. In order to accept multiple request from a single host, the
- virtual host must be able to answer request for both sites. The method used
- to solve this problem is called IP aliasing. IP aliasing allows a single
- host to accept request for multiple IP's. The virtual Web server must have
- the ability to alias IP's
-
- IP aliasing is just one part of the virtual solution. The Domain Name System
- (DNS) also must be configured to resolve both www.domain1.com and
- www.domain2.com. If domain1.com and domain2.com are new domains, then both
- must be registered with Internic. Currently, Internic is charging $50 a year
- to maintain your domain.
-
- Most virtual WWW sites should also provide virtual mail, or the ability to
- forward all mail to the virtual domain to another user or users.
-
- Virtual FTP or the ability to FTP using the standard host name
- "ftp.domain1.com" should also be configured by the WWW provider.
-
- 2.0 What software patched do I need?
-
- 2.1 Linux versions 1.2.X requires the IPalias patch alias-patch-1.2.1-v1
- and alias-net-tools.tar. I'm not sure if 1.3.X supports this patch yet.
- For more information on the IPalias patch see
- ftp://ftp.mindspring.com/users/rsanders/ipalias/
-
- Using multiple dummy interfaces has been suggested in place of
- the IPalias solution. While the dummy solution may work,
- it does not appear to be as clean as the IPalias solution.
- For more information on using Apache and the dummy solution
- see Aram Mirzadeh's virtual hosting information at
- http://www.qosina.com/apache/virtual.html
-
- All that is required to add a new alias using the IPalias method is:
- > /sbin/ifconfig eth0 alias www.domainX.com
-
- Also, the IPalias solution is supported on several other platforms.
-
- 2.2 NCSA 1.5, Apache, and Spinner support Virtual hosting.
- http://hoohoo.ncsa.uiuc.edu/docs/Overview.html
- http://www.apache.org/
- http://spinner.infovav.se/
-
- 3.0 How Do I set it up?
-
- 3.1 Create the new account
- Create a regular Linux account for the virtual customer with home
- directory and mail.
-
- 3.2 Setup the NCSA 1.5 or Apache config files
-
- Virtual Host implementations are still changing. A few patches
- exist to support Virtual Host Check the server's release notes for
- more details. NCSA 1.5 or Apache now include the Virtual patches,
- and I have been told that Spinner supports virtual hosts.
-
- One virtual patch supports the following srm.conf syntax, however
- the second NCSA 1.5 method of defining a Virtual host allows
- for greater flexibility
-
- SubDocumentRoot www.domain1.com /usr/local/etc/httpd/docs/domain1
- SubDocumentRoot www.domain2.com /usr/local/etc/httpd/docs/domain2
-
-
- NCSA and Apache support the following httpd.conf syntax:
-
-
- ServerAdmin webmaster@domain1.com
- DocumentRoot /usr/local/etc/httpda/docs/domain1
- ServerName www.domain1.com
- ErrorLog logs/errors.domain1.com
- TransferLog logs/access_log.domain1.com
-
-
- 3.3 Configuring the interface
-
- Once the IPalias patches have been installed add the
- following to your /etc/rc.d/rc.local on your local web server.
-
- /sbin/ifconfig eth0 alias www.domain1.com
- /sbin/ifconfig eth0 alias www.domain2.com
- /sbin/ifconfig eth0 alias www.domainN.com
-
- 3.4 Registering with Internic
-
- If you are setting up a new domain or change a current
- domain, you must register the domain with Internic.
- The template can be found at
- ftp://rs.internic.net/templates/domain-template.txt
-
-
- 3.5 Configuring Named
-
- Named will need to be configured so that your virtual domain will
- be visible to the outside world. I don't claim to be an expert
- on DNS. Suggestions always welcome.
-
- 3.5.1 Example /etc/named.boot (replace x with your IP)
-
- directory /etc/named.data
- primary realdomain.com db.realdomain.com
- primary xxx.xxx.xxx.IN-ADDR.ARPA db.xxx.xxx.xxx
- primary 0.0.127.IN-ADDR.ARPA db.local
-
- primary domain1.com db.domain1.com
- primary domain2.com db.domain2.com
- cache . named.root
-
- 3.5.2 Example /etc/named.data/db.domain1.com
-
- $ORIGIN com.
- domain1 IN SOA domain1.com. hostmaster.domain1.com. (
- 10134 43200 3600 604800 86400 )
- IN NS ns1.realdomain.com.
- IN MX 10 mail.realdomain.com.
- IN MX 0 domain1.com.
- domain1.com. IN A xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx ;www.domain1.com IP
-
- $ORIGIN domain1.com.
- ftp IN CNAME domain1.com.
- www IN CNAME domain1.com.
- mail IN CNAME domain1.com.
-
- 3.5.3 Example /etc/named.data/db.xxx.xxx.xxx
-
- You should already have a db.xxx.xxx.xxx for your current site
- update it to contain the new virtual domains for reverse lookups
-
- xx IN PTR www.domain1.com.
- xx IN PTR www.domain2.com.
-
- 3.5.4 restart named; i.e. named.restart
-
- 3.6 Virtual Mail
-
- Your virtual customers will more than likely want the ability to have
- mail that is sent to their domain forwarded to another domain. A few
- sendmail.cf changes will do the trick. After several months of
- trying different sendmail changes, this is the 1st method that I
- found that works and requires only one sendmail.cf change for each
- new virtual site.
-
- 3.6.1 Sendmail configuration
-
- Retrieve the current version of sendmail that contains makemap btree support
-
- 3.6.1.1. Create a file called /etc/domainalias with the following mappings:
-
- *@domain1.com localnet@realdomain.com
- *@domain2.com townplaz@realdomain.com
- *@domainN.com soracomp@realdomain.net
-
- webmaster@domain1.com somuser@anotherhost.com
- jamison@domain2.com anotheruser@somehost.com
-
- 3.6.1.2 Create the maped DB file
-
- > makemap btree /etc/domainalias.db < /etc/domainalias
-
- 3.6.1.3. /etc/sendmail.cf changes:
-
- 3.6.1.3.1. Add a Cw record for each new virtual host
-
- Cwdomain1.com
- Cwdomain2.com
-
- 3.6.1.3.2. Add the domainalias mapping only once
-
- Kdomainalias btree /etc/domainalias.db
-
- 3.6.1.3.3. Add/Change Ruleset 98
-
- ###################################################################
- ### Ruleset 98 -- local part of ruleset zero (can be null) ###
- ###################################################################
-
- S98
-
- R$+ < $+ . > $1 < $2 > remove trailing dots
- R$+ < $+ > $: < > $(domainalias $1$2 $) match user@address
- R< > $+ @ $* $: < $1 > $(domainalias * @ $2 $) match *@address
- R< $+ > * $* $: < > $1 $2 replace * with userid
- R < $+ > $+ $: < > $2 bugfix
- R< > $* $: $>3 $1 and rewrite using S3
-
-
- 3.5.1.4 Sendmail Testing
- Test the sendmail configuration to verify the new
- sendmail.cf changes
- > sendmail -v -bv info@domain1.com
- The final destination should be displayed.
-
-
- 3.7 Virtual FTP
-
- Currently, I have not been able to get Virtual FTP to work.
- A few patches exist, and I'm sure a working patch exist.
- We just create a working directory /home/ftp/business/domain1,
- but a true Virtual FTP would be nice.
-
- If anyone would like to contribute a solution, I would be more
- than happy to add it here.
-
- Arnt Gulbrandsen has rewritten ftpd and has included support for
- independent FTP services The Troll Tech FTP Daemon
-
- 4.0 Links to more Virtual Web information
-
- http://hoohoo.ncsa.uiuc.edu/docs/Overview.html
- http://www.apache.org/
- http://www.qosina.com/apache/virtual.html
- http://spinner.infovav.se/
- ftp://ftp.mindspring.com/users/rsanders/ipalias/
- http://www.thesphere.com/~dlp/TwoServers/
- http://hoohoo.ncsa.uiuc.edu/docs/setup/httpd/VirtualHost.html
- ftp://ftp.dhp.com:/pub/linux/virtual-hosting
-
-