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- -------------------------------------------
- ModeLine-HOWTO by Rick Niles.
- niles@axp745.gsfc.nasa.gov
- -------------------------------------------
- Version 1.0 2/11/95
- -------------------------------------------
-
- The file X11R6/lib/X11/doc/VideoModes.doc explains how to setup video
- timings for your video card / monitor combination, however I found
- this to be a long overly complicated explanation of something really
- not that complex. Please let no one take offense at this, since
- without this file I don't think I would ever have figured out how to
- configure my setup and I am therefore very thankful to the writers of
- that document. I just thought I would give my shortened explanation of
- how to setup your XF86Config file for XFree86 and in particular
- information about the Mach64 timings I've played with.
-
- There are three major sections of the XF86Config file that deal with
- the video card and monitor: the monitor section, the graphics device
- section and the screen section. Ironically the timings I'm discussing
- in this document concentrate on Monitor section even though I use
- many specs from the video card.
-
- In regard to the graphics device section I suggest commenting out any
- "Clocks" given in the file when setting up a new server and/or video
- card and let "X -probeonly" determine what Clocks are good for your
- card / server combination. I recommend this above just putting in the
- numbers given in the manual because exact timings on cards will vary.
- Redirect this information into a file and copy it into the XF86Config
- file.
-
- Now the hard part about setting up a XF86Config file is the
- definitions of the Modelines. For many non-ATI cards these number must
- be multiples of 8. For ATI cards they need NOT be. There are 10
- arguments after each Modeline directive:
-
- Modeline <name> <DCL> <HR> <HPS> <HPE> <HFL> <VR> <VPS> <VPE> <VFL>
-
- (name) Any name you'd like to assign to this mode, in double quotes.
- The most common name is of the form HRxVR (e.g. "640x480")
- However if you would like to have multiple Dot Clocks for a
- give resolution setting your might try HRxVRxDCL
- (e.g. "640x480x35.0")
-
- (DCL) Dot Clock: This should be one of the dot clocks listed in the
- manual or found in the Clocks section from the "X -probeonly"
- command.
-
- (HR & VR) Horizontal and Vertical Resolution: This also an easy one, it's
- the number pixels you want to see across and down the
- screen when you're in this mode.
-
- (HPS, HPE, VPS, VPE) Hortz. & Vertical Pulse Start and End: This
- controls where the image of the screen will be placed
- relative to the physical screen. These are the numbers to
- play with if the image is biased toward the edges of the
- physical screen. For starters just make them evenly spaced
- between the resolution numbers (HR,VR) and the field length
- numbers (HFL,VFL).
- If the image is biased toward the left (right), increase
- (decrease) the HPS and the HPE.
- If the image is biased toward the top (bottom), increase
- (decrease) the HPS and the HPE.
-
- (HFL,VFL) Horizontal & Vertical Field Length: Now these are the most
- important numbers of all. If you set these numbers too
- low or high for your monitor the XF86 server will reject
- your whole modeline. The KEY relation to remember is:
-
- ---------------------------------------------
- | DCL = HSF * HFL and DCL = RR * VFL * HFL |
- ---------------------------------------------
-
- where HSF = Horiz. Scan Freq. (kHz)
- RR = (Vert.) Refresh Rate (Hz)
-
- These two numbers are given as a valid range for a particular monitor.
- Try exceeding the specs and see how far you can go before funny
- things start happening.
-
- These two equations give you all the information you need to set up
- your Modelines for a particular set-up. They leave two degrees of
- freedom (i.e. two unknowns), for a chosen Dot Clock (DCL). As HFL and
- VFL get smaller, the screen will get wider and taller. However, you
- can not make these values arbitrarily close to the HR and VR since as
- they approach these values the HSF and RR will exceed your monitor's
- cabilities. Therefore one way of getting the maximum image size
- (hence using the most of your physical monitor's real-estate) for a
- particular Dot Clock (DCL) is to plug in the maximum HSF and RR your
- monitor is rated for. If the image is still too small your only option is
- to reduce the Dot Clock (DCL) (or try exceeding your monitor specs).
- This fact troubled me for sometime as it seems counter-intuitive,
- however try to get comfortable with it as it is true none-the-less.
-
- The other way I thought of to resolve the extra degrees of freedom is
- to use the video card table given in the manual of my Mach 64. The
- manual gave DCL, HSF, & RR, hence I could solve for VFL & HFL using
- the equations above. I thought this might be a good idea since perhaps
- in some way the card was "designed" to work at these frequencies, and
- hence they make work better in some way. (However, I now seriously
- doubt that assumption.) Here is that table:
-
-
- HFL and VFL values for XF86_Mach64 corresponding to ATI Mach64 Manual
-
- Display Screen Refresh Horizon. Pixel Horizon. Vertical
- Resolution Rate Freq. Clock Field Len. Field Len.
- (pixels) (Hz) (kHz) (MHz) (Pixels) (Pixels)
- (HRxVR) (RR) (HSF) (DCL) (HFL) (VFL)
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
- 640x 480 60 31.5 25.2 800 525
- 640x 480 72 37.7 32.0 849 524
- 640x 480 75 37.5 35.0 933 500
- 640x 480 90 47.9 39.9 833 532
- 640x 480 100 53.0 44.9 847 530
- 800x 600 48 33.8 36.0 1065 704
- 800x 600 56 35.2 36.0 1023 629
- 800x 600 60 37.9 39.9 1053 632
- 800x 600 70 44.5 44.9 1009 636
- 800x 600 72 48.0 50.4 1050 667
- 800x 600 75 49.5 49.5 1000 660
- 800x 600 90 57.1 56.6 991 634
- 800x 600 100 62.5 67.5 1080 625
- 1024x 768 43 35.5 44.9 1265 826
- 1024x 768 60 48.3 65.0 1346 805
- 1024x 768 70 56.5 75.0 1327 807
- 1024x 768 72 58.2 75.0 1289 808
- 1024x 768 75 60.0 78.8 1313 800
- 1024x 768 90 76.2 100.0 1312 847
- 1024x 768 100 79.0 110.0 1392 790
- 1152x 864 43 45.9 65.0 1416 1067
- 1152x 864 60 59.0 80.0 1356 983
- 1152x 864 70 66.1 100.0 1513 944
- 1152x 864 75 75.1 110.0 1465 1001
- 1152x 864 80 80.0 126.0 1575 1000
- 1280x1024 43 50.0 80.0 1600 1163
- 1280x1024 47 50.0 80.0 1600 1064
- 1280x1024 60 64.0 110.0 1719 1067
- 1280x1024 70 74.0 126.0 1703 1057
- 1280x1024 75 80.0 135.0 1688 1067
-