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LINUX ALLOCATED DEVICES Maintained by H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> Last revised: July 9, 1996 This list is the successor to Rick Miller's Linux Device List, which he stopped maintaining when he got busy with other things in 1993. It is a registry of allocated major device numbers, as well as the recommended /dev directory nodes for these devices. The latest version of this list is included with the Linux kernel sources in LaTeX and ASCII form. In case of discrepancy, the LaTeX version is authoritative. This document is included by reference into the Linux Filesystem Standard (FSSTND). The FSSTND is available via FTP from tsx-11.mit.edu in the directory /pub/linux/docs/linux-standards/fsstnd. To have a major number allocated, or a minor number in situations where that applies (e.g. busmice), please contact me with the appropriate device information. Also, if you have additional information regarding any of the devices listed below, or if I have made a mistake, I would greatly appreciate a note. When sending me mail, please include the word "device" in the subject so your mail won't accidentally get buried! Allocations marked (68k/Amiga) apply to Linux/68k on the Amiga platform only. Allocations marked (68k/Atari) apply to Linux/68k on the Atari platform only. This document is in the public domain. The author requests, however, that semantically altered versions are not distributed without permission of the author, assuming the author can be contacted without an unreasonable effort. In particular, please don't sent patches for this list to Linus, at least not without contacting me first. I do not have any information about these devices beyond what appears on this list. Any such information requests will be deleted without reply. 0 Unnamed devices (e.g. non-device mounts) 0 = reserved as null device number 1 char Memory devices 1 = /dev/mem Physical memory access 2 = /dev/kmem Kernel virtual memory access 3 = /dev/null Null device 4 = /dev/port I/O port access 5 = /dev/zero Null byte source 6 = /dev/core OBSOLETE - replaced by /proc/kcore 7 = /dev/full Returns ENOSPC on write 8 = /dev/random Nondeterministic random number gen. 9 = /dev/urandom Faster, less secure random number gen. block RAM disk 0 = /dev/ram0 First RAM disk ... 7 = /dev/ram7 Eighth RAM disk 250 = /dev/initrd Initial RAM disk Older kernels had /dev/ramdisk (1, 1) here. /dev/initrd refers to a RAM disk which was preloaded by the boot loader. 2 char Pseudo-TTY masters 0 = /dev/ptyp0 First PTY master 1 = /dev/ptyp1 Second PTY master ... 255 = /dev/ptyef 256th PTY master Pseudo-tty's are named as follows: * Masters are "pty", slaves are "tty"; * the fourth letter is one of pqrstuvwxyzabcde indicating the 1st through 16th series of 16 pseudo-ttys each, and * the fifth letter is one of 0123456789abcdef indicating the position within the series. block Floppy disks 0 = /dev/fd0 Controller 1, drive 1 autodetect 1 = /dev/fd1 Controller 1, drive 2 autodetect 2 = /dev/fd2 Controller 1, drive 3 autodetect 3 = /dev/fd3 Controller 1, drive 4 autodetect 128 = /dev/fd4 Controller 2, drive 1 autodetect 129 = /dev/fd5 Controller 2, drive 2 autodetect 130 = /dev/fd6 Controller 2, drive 3 autodetect 131 = /dev/fd7 Controller 2, drive 4 autodetect To specify format, add to the autodetect device number: 0 = /dev/fd? Autodetect format 4 = /dev/fd?d360 5.25" 360K in a 360K drive(1) 20 = /dev/fd?h360 5.25" 360K in a 1200K drive(1) 48 = /dev/fd?h410 5.25" 410K in a 1200K drive 64 = /dev/fd?h420 5.25" 420K in a 1200K drive 24 = /dev/fd?h720 5.25" 720K in a 1200K drive 80 = /dev/fd?h880 5.25" 880K in a 1200K drive(1) 8 = /dev/fd?h1200 5.25" 1200K in a 1200K drive(1) 40 = /dev/fd?h1440 5.25" 1440K in a 1200K drive(1) 56 = /dev/fd?h1476 5.25" 1476K in a 1200K drive 72 = /dev/fd?h1494 5.25" 1494K in a 1200K drive 92 = /dev/fd?h1600 5.25" 1600K in a 1200K drive(1) 12 = /dev/fd?u360 3.5" 360K Double Density 120 = /dev/fd?u800 3.5" 800K Double Density(1) 52 = /dev/fd?u820 3.5" 820K Double Density(2) 68 = /dev/fd?u830 3.5" 830K Double Density 84 = /dev/fd?u1040 3.5" 1040K Double Density(1) 88 = /dev/fd?u1120 3.5" 1120K Double Density(1) 28 = /dev/fd?u1440 3.5" 1440K High Density(1) 124 = /dev/fd?u1600 3.5" 1600K High Density(1) 44 = /dev/fd?u1680 3.5" 1680K High Density(3) 60 = /dev/fd?u1722 3.5" 1722K High Density 76 = /dev/fd?u1743 3.5" 1743K High Density 96 = /dev/fd?u1760 3.5" 1760K High Density 116 = /dev/fd?u1840 3.5" 1840K High Density(3) 100 = /dev/fd?u1920 3.5" 1920K High Density(1) 32 = /dev/fd?u2880 3.5" 2880K Extra Density(1) 104 = /dev/fd?u3200 3.5" 3200K Extra Density 108 = /dev/fd?u3520 3.5" 3520K Extra Density 112 = /dev/fd?u3840 3.5" 3840K Extra Density(1) 36 = /dev/fd?CompaQ Compaq 2880K drive; obsolete? (1) Autodetectable format (2) Autodetectable format in a Double Density (720K) drive only (3) Autodetectable format in a High Density (1440K) drive only NOTE: The letter in the device name (d, q, h or u) signifies the type of drive: 5.25" Double Density (d), 5.25" Quad Density (q), 5.25" High Density (h) or 3.5" (any model, u). The use of the capital letters D, H and E for the 3.5" models have been deprecated, since the drive type is insignificant for these devices. 3 char Pseudo-TTY slaves 0 = /dev/ttyp0 First PTY slave 1 = /dev/ttyp1 Second PTY slave ... 256 = /dev/ttyef 256th PTY slave block First MFM, RLL and IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface 0 = /dev/hda Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM) 64 = /dev/hdb Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM) For partitions, add to the whole disk device number: 0 = /dev/hd? Whole disk 1 = /dev/hd?1 First partition 2 = /dev/hd?2 Second partition ... 63 = /dev/hd?63 63rd partition For Linux/i386, partitions 1-4 are the primary partitions, and 5 and above are logical partitions. Other versions of Linux use partitioning schemes appropriate to their respective architectures. 4 char TTY devices 0 = /dev/console Console device 1 = /dev/tty1 First virtual console ... 63 = /dev/tty63 63rd virtual console 64 = /dev/ttyS0 First serial port ... 127 = /dev/ttyS63 64th serial port 128 = /dev/ptyp0 First pseudo-tty master ... 191 = /dev/ptysf 64th pseudo-tty master 192 = /dev/ttyp0 First pseudo-tty slave ... 255 = /dev/ttysf 64th pseudo-tty slave For compatibility with previous versions of Linux, the first 64 PTYs are replicated under this device number. This use will be obsolescent with the release of Linux 1.4 and may be removed in a future version of Linux. 5 char Alternate TTY devices 0 = /dev/tty Current TTY device 64 = /dev/cua0 Callout device corresponding to ttyS0 ... 127 = /dev/cua63 Callout device corresponding to ttyS63 6 char Parallel printer devices 0 = /dev/lp0 First parallel printer (0x3bc) 1 = /dev/lp1 Second parallel printer (0x378) 2 = /dev/lp2 Third parallel printer (0x278) Not all computers have the 0x3bc parallel port; hence the "first" printer may be either /dev/lp0 or /dev/lp1. 7 char Virtual console capture devices 0 = /dev/vcs Current vc text contents 1 = /dev/vcs1 tty1 text contents ... 63 = /dev/vcs63 tty63 text contents 128 = /dev/vcsa Current vc text/attribute contents 129 = /dev/vcsa1 tty1 text/attribute contents ... 191 = /dev/vcsa63 tty63 text/attribute contents NOTE: These devices permit both read and write access. block Loopback devices 0 = /dev/loop0 First loopback device 1 = /dev/loop1 Second loopback device ... The loopback devices are used to mount filesystems not associated with block devices. The binding to the loopback devices is usually handled by mount(8). 8 block SCSI disk devices 0 = /dev/sda First SCSI disk whole disk 16 = /dev/sdb Second SCSI disk whole disk 32 = /dev/sdc Third SCSI disk whole disk ... 240 = /dev/sdp Sixteenth SCSI disk whole disk Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on partitions is 15. 9 char SCSI tape devices 0 = /dev/st0 First SCSI tape, mode 0 1 = /dev/st1 Second SCSI tape, mode 0 ... 32 = /dev/st0l First SCSI tape, mode 1 33 = /dev/st1l Second SCSI tape, mode 1 ... 64 = /dev/st0m First SCSI tape, mode 2 65 = /dev/st1m Second SCSI tape, mode 2 ... 96 = /dev/st0a First SCSI tape, mode 3 97 = /dev/st1a Second SCSI tape, mode 3 ... 128 = /dev/nst0 First SCSI tape, mode 0, no rewind 129 = /dev/nst1 Second SCSI tape, mode 0, no rewind ... 160 = /dev/nst0l First SCSI tape, mode 1, no rewind 161 = /dev/nst1l Second SCSI tape, mode 1, no rewind ... 192 = /dev/nst0m First SCSI tape, mode 2, no rewind 193 = /dev/nst1m Second SCSI tape, mode 2, no rewind ... 224 = /dev/nst0a First SCSI tape, mode 3, no rewind 225 = /dev/nst1a Second SCSI tape, mode 3, no rewind ... "No rewind" refers to the omission of the default automatic rewind on device close. The MTREW or MTOFFL ioctl()'s can be used to rewind the tape regardless of the device used to access it. block Metadisk (RAID) devices 0 = /dev/md0 First metadisk group 1 = /dev/md1 Second metadisk group ... The metadisk driver is used to span a filesystem across multiple physical disks. 10 char Non-serial mice, misc features 0 = /dev/logibm Logitech bus mouse 1 = /dev/psaux PS/2-style mouse port 2 = /dev/inportbm Microsoft Inport bus mouse 3 = /dev/atibm ATI XL bus mouse 4 = /dev/jbm J-mouse 4 = /dev/amigamouse Amiga mouse (68k/Amiga) 5 = /dev/atarimouse Atari mouse 6 = /dev/sunmouse Sun mouse 7 = /dev/amigamouse1 Second Amiga mouse 128 = /dev/beep Fancy beep device 129 = /dev/modreq Kernel module load request 130 = /dev/watchdog Watchdog timer port 131 = /dev/temperature Machine internal temperature 132 = /dev/hwtrap Hardware fault trap 133 = /dev/exttrp External device trap 134 = /dev/apm_bios Advanced Power Management BIOS 135 = /dev/rtc Real Time Clock 136 = /dev/qcam0 QuickCam on lp0 137 = /dev/qcam1 QuickCam on lp1 138 = /dev/qcam2 QuickCam on lp2 139 = /dev/openprom SPARC OpenBoot PROM 11 char Raw keyboard device 0 = /dev/kbd Raw keyboard device The raw keyboard device is used on Linux/SPARC only. block SCSI CD-ROM devices 0 = /dev/sr0 First SCSI CD-ROM 1 = /dev/sr1 Second SCSI CD-ROM ... The prefix /dev/scd instead of /dev/sr has been used as well, and might make more sense. 12 char QIC-02 tape 2 = /dev/ntpqic11 QIC-11, no rewind-on-close 3 = /dev/tpqic11 QIC-11, rewind-on-close 4 = /dev/ntpqic24 QIC-24, no rewind-on-close 5 = /dev/tpqic24 QIC-24, rewind-on-close 6 = /dev/ntpqic120 QIC-120, no rewind-on-close 7 = /dev/tpqic120 QIC-120, rewind-on-close 8 = /dev/ntpqic150 QIC-150, no rewind-on-close 9 = /dev/tpqic150 QIC-150, rewind-on-close The device names specified are proposed -- if there are "standard" names for these devices, please let me know. block MSCDEX CD-ROM callback support 0 = /dev/dos_cd0 First MSCDEX CD-ROM 1 = /dev/dos_cd1 Second MSCDEX CD-ROM ... 13 char PC speaker 0 = /dev/pcmixer Emulates /dev/mixer 1 = /dev/pcsp Emulates /dev/dsp (8-bit) 4 = /dev/pcaudio Emulates /dev/audio 5 = /dev/pcsp16 Emulates /dev/dsp (16-bit) block 8-bit MFM/RLL/IDE controller 0 = /dev/xda First XT disk whole disk 64 = /dev/xdb Second XT disk whole disk Partitions are handled in the same way as IDE disks (see major number 3). 14 char Sound card 0 = /dev/mixer Mixer control 1 = /dev/sequencer Audio sequencer 2 = /dev/midi00 First MIDI port 3 = /dev/dsp Digital audio 4 = /dev/audio Sun-compatible digital audio 6 = /dev/sndstat Sound card status information 8 = /dev/sequencer2 Sequencer -- alternate device 16 = /dev/mixer1 Second soundcard mixer control 17 = /dev/patmgr0 Sequencer patch manager 18 = /dev/midi01 Second MIDI port 19 = /dev/dsp1 Second soundcard digital audio 20 = /dev/audio1 Second soundcard Sun digital audio 33 = /dev/patmgr1 Sequencer patch manager 34 = /dev/midi02 Third MIDI port 50 = /dev/midi03 Fourth MIDI port block BIOS harddrive callback support 0 = /dev/dos_hda First BIOS harddrive whole disk 64 = /dev/dos_hdb Second BIOS harddrive whole disk 128 = /dev/dos_hdc Third BIOS harddrive whole disk 192 = /dev/dos_hdd Fourth BIOS harddrive whole disk Partitions are handled in the same way as IDE disks (see major number 3). 15 char Joystick 0 = /dev/js0 First analog joystick 1 = /dev/js1 Second analog joystick ... 128 = /dev/djs0 First digital joystick 129 = /dev/djs1 Second digital joystick ... block Sony CDU-31A/CDU-33A CD-ROM 0 = /dev/sonycd Sony CDU-31a CD-ROM 16 char Non-SCSI scanners 0 = /dev/gs4500 Genius 4500 handheld scanner block GoldStar CD-ROM 0 = /dev/gscd GoldStar CD-ROM 17 char Chase serial card 0 = /dev/ttyH0 First Chase port 1 = /dev/ttyH1 Second Chase port ... block Optics Storage CD-ROM 0 = /dev/optcd Optics Storage CD-ROM 18 char Chase serial card - alternate devices 0 = /dev/cuh0 Callout device corresponding to ttyH0 1 = /dev/cuh1 Callout device corresponding to ttyH1 ... block Sanyo CD-ROM 0 = /dev/sjcd Sanyo CD-ROM 19 char Cyclades serial card 0 = /dev/ttyC0 First Cyclades port ... 31 = /dev/ttyC31 32nd Cyclades port block "Double" compressed disk 0 = /dev/double0 First compressed disk ... 7 = /dev/double7 Eighth compressed disk 128 = /dev/cdouble0 Mirror of first compressed disk ... 135 = /dev/cdouble7 Mirror of eighth compressed disk See the Double documentation for the meaning of the mirror devices. 20 char Cyclades serial card - alternate devices 0 = /dev/cub0 Callout device corresponding to ttyC0 ... 31 = /dev/cub31 Callout device corresponding to ttyC31 block Hitachi CD-ROM (under development) 0 = /dev/hitcd Hitachi CD-ROM 21 char Generic SCSI access 0 = /dev/sg0 First generic SCSI device 1 = /dev/sg1 Second generic SCSI device ... 22 char Digiboard serial card 0 = /dev/ttyD0 First Digiboard port 1 = /dev/ttyD1 Second Digiboard port ... block Second IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface 0 = /dev/hdc Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM) 64 = /dev/hdd Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM) Partitions are handled the same way as for the first interface (see major number 3). 23 char Digiboard serial card - alternate devices 0 = /dev/cud0 Callout device corresponding to ttyD0 1 = /dev/cud1 Callout device corresponding to ttyD1 ... block Mitsumi proprietary CD-ROM 0 = /dev/mcd Mitsumi CD-ROM 24 char Stallion serial card 0 = /dev/ttyE0 Stallion port 0 card 0 1 = /dev/ttyE1 Stallion port 1 card 0 ... 64 = /dev/ttyE64 Stallion port 0 card 1 65 = /dev/ttyE65 Stallion port 1 card 1 ... 128 = /dev/ttyE128 Stallion port 0 card 2 129 = /dev/ttyE129 Stallion port 1 card 2 ... 192 = /dev/ttyE192 Stallion port 0 card 3 193 = /dev/ttyE193 Stallion port 1 card 3 ... block Sony CDU-535 CD-ROM 0 = /dev/cdu535 Sony CDU-535 CD-ROM 25 char Stallion serial card - alternate devices 0 = /dev/cue0 Callout device corresponding to ttyE0 1 = /dev/cue1 Callout device corresponding to ttyE1 ... 64 = /dev/cue64 Callout device corresponding to ttyE64 65 = /dev/cue65 Callout device corresponding to ttyE65 ... 128 = /dev/cue128 Callout device corresponding to ttyE128 129 = /dev/cue129 Callout device corresponding to ttyE129 ... 192 = /dev/cue192 Callout device corresponding to ttyE192 193 = /dev/cue193 Callout device corresponding to ttyE193 ... block First Matsushita (Panasonic/SoundBlaster) CD-ROM 0 = /dev/sbpcd0 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 0 unit 0 1 = /dev/sbpcd1 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 0 unit 1 2 = /dev/sbpcd2 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 0 unit 2 3 = /dev/sbpcd3 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 0 unit 3 26 char Quanta WinVision frame grabber 0 = /dev/wvisfgrab Quanta WinVision frame grabber block Second Matsushita (Panasonic/SoundBlaster) CD-ROM 0 = /dev/sbpcd4 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 1 unit 0 1 = /dev/sbpcd5 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 1 unit 1 2 = /dev/sbpcd6 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 1 unit 2 3 = /dev/sbpcd7 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 1 unit 3 27 char QIC-117 tape 0 = /dev/rft0 Unit 0, rewind-on-close 1 = /dev/rft1 Unit 1, rewind-on-close 2 = /dev/rft2 Unit 2, rewind-on-close 3 = /dev/rft3 Unit 3, rewind-on-close 4 = /dev/nrft0 Unit 0, no rewind-on-close 5 = /dev/nrft1 Unit 1, no rewind-on-close 6 = /dev/nrft2 Unit 2, no rewind-on-close 7 = /dev/nrft3 Unit 3, no rewind-on-close block Third Matsushita (Panasonic/SoundBlaster) CD-ROM 0 = /dev/sbpcd8 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 2 unit 0 1 = /dev/sbpcd9 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 2 unit 1 2 = /dev/sbpcd10 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 2 unit 2 3 = /dev/sbpcd11 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 2 unit 3 28 char Stallion serial card - card programming 0 = /dev/staliomem0 First Stallion card I/O memory 1 = /dev/staliomem1 Second Stallion card I/O memory 2 = /dev/staliomem2 Third Stallion card I/O memory 3 = /dev/staliomem3 Fourth Stallion card I/O memory char Atari SLM ACSI laser printer (68k/Atari) 0 = /dev/slm0 First SLM laser printer 1 = /dev/slm1 Second SLM laser printer ... block Fourth Matsushita (Panasonic/SoundBlaster) CD-ROM 0 = /dev/sbpcd12 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 3 unit 0 1 = /dev/sbpcd13 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 3 unit 1 2 = /dev/sbpcd14 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 3 unit 2 3 = /dev/sbpcd15 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 3 unit 3 block ACSI disk (68k/Atari) 0 = /dev/ada First ACSI disk whole disk 16 = /dev/adb Second ACSI disk whole disk 32 = /dev/adc Third ACSI disk whole disk ... 240 = /dev/adp 16th ACSI disk whole disk Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on partitions is 15, like SCSI. 29 char Universal frame buffer 0 = /dev/fb0 First frame buffer 1 = /dev/fb0autodetect 24 = /dev/fb0user0 ... 31 = /dev/fb0user7 32 = /dev/fb1 Second frame buffer 33 = /dev/fb1autodetect 56 = /dev/fb1user0 ... 63 = /dev/fb1user7 The universal frame buffer device is currently only supported on Linux/68k and Linux/SPARC. The plain device accesses the frame buffer at current resolution (Linux/68k calls this device "current", e.g. /dev/fb0current); the "autodetect" one at bootup (default) resolution. Minor numbers 2-23 within each frame buffer assignment are used for specific device-dependent resolutions. There appears to be no standard naming for these devices. Finally, 2-31 within each device are reserved for user-selected modes, usually entered at boot time. Currently only Linux/68k uses the mode-specific devices. block Aztech/Orchid/Okano/Wearnes CD-ROM 0 = /dev/aztcd Aztech CD-ROM 30 char iBCS-2 compatibility devices 0 = /dev/socksys Socket access 1 = /dev/spx SVR3 local X interface 2 = /dev/inet/arp Network access 2 = /dev/inet/icmp Network access 2 = /dev/inet/ip Network access 2 = /dev/inet/udp Network access 2 = /dev/inet/tcp Network access iBCS-2 requires /dev/nfsd to be a link to /dev/socksys, and /dev/X0R to be a link to /dev/null. block Philips LMS CM-205 CD-ROM 0 = /dev/cm205cd Philips LMS CM-205 CD-ROM /dev/lmscd is an older name for this device. This driver does not work with the CM-205MS CD-ROM. 31 char MPU-401 MIDI 0 = /dev/mpu401data MPU-401 data port 1 = /dev/mpu401stat MPU-401 status port block ROM/flash memory card 0 = /dev/rom0 First ROM card (rw) ... 7 = /dev/rom7 Eighth ROM card (rw) 8 = /dev/rrom0 First ROM card (ro) ... 15 = /dev/rrom7 Eighth ROM card (ro) 16 = /dev/flash0 First flash memory card (rw) ... 23 = /dev/flash7 Eighth flash memory card (rw) 24 = /dev/rflash0 First flash memory card (ro) ... 31 = /dev/rflash7 Eighth flash memory card (ro) The read-write (rw) devices support back-caching written data in RAM, as well as writing to flash RAM devices. The read-only devices (ro) support reading only. 32 char Specialix serial card 0 = /dev/ttyX0 First Specialix port 1 = /dev/ttyX1 Second Specialix port ... block Philips LMS CM-206 CD-ROM 0 = /dev/cm206cd Philips LMS CM-206 CD-ROM 33 char Specialix serial card - alternate devices 0 = /dev/cux0 Callout device corresponding to ttyX0 1 = /dev/cux1 Callout device corresponding to ttyX1 ... block Third IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface 0 = /dev/hde Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM) 64 = /dev/hdf Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM) Partitions are handled the same way as for the first interface (see major number 3). 34 char Z8530 HDLC driver 0 = /dev/scc0 First Z8530, first port 1 = /dev/scc1 First Z8530, second port 2 = /dev/scc2 Second Z8530, first port 3 = /dev/scc3 Second Z8530, second port ... In a previous version these devices were named /dev/sc1 for /dev/scc0, /dev/sc2 for /dev/scc1, and so on. block Fourth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface 0 = /dev/hdg Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM) 64 = /dev/hdh Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM) Partitions are handled the same way as for the first interface (see major number 3). 35 char tclmidi MIDI driver 0 = /dev/midi0 First MIDI port, kernel timed 1 = /dev/midi1 Second MIDI port, kernel timed 2 = /dev/midi2 Third MIDI port, kernel timed 3 = /dev/midi3 Fourth MIDI port, kernel timed 64 = /dev/rmidi0 First MIDI port, untimed 65 = /dev/rmidi1 Second MIDI port, untimed 66 = /dev/rmidi2 Third MIDI port, untimed 67 = /dev/rmidi3 Fourth MIDI port, untimed 128 = /dev/smpte0 First MIDI port, SMPTE timed 129 = /dev/smpte1 Second MIDI port, SMPTE timed 130 = /dev/smpte2 Third MIDI port, SMPTE timed 131 = /dev/smpte3 Fourth MIDI port, SMPTE timed block Modular RAM disk device This device number is provided for older kernels which did not have the modular RAM disk in the standard distribution. See major number 1. This assignment will be removed when the 2.0 kernel is released. 36 char Netlink support 0 = /dev/route Routing, device updates, kernel to user 1 = /dev/skip enSKIP security cache control block MCA ESDI hard disk 0 = /dev/eda First ESDI disk whole disk 64 = /dev/edb Second ESDI disk whole disk ... Partitions are handled in the same way as IDE disks (see major number 3). 37 char IDE tape 0 = /dev/ht0 First IDE tape 128 = /dev/nht0 First IDE tape, no rewind-on-close Currently, only one IDE tape drive is supported. block Zorro II ramdisk 0 = /dev/z2ram Zorro II ramdisk 38 char Myricom PCI Myrinet board 0 = /dev/mlanai0 First Myrinet board 1 = /dev/mlanai1 Second Myrinet board ... This device is used for status query, board control and "user level packet I/O." This board is also accessible as a standard networking "eth" device. block Reserved for Linux/AP+ 39 char ML-16P experimental I/O board 0 = /dev/ml16pa-a0 First card, first analog channel 1 = /dev/ml16pa-a1 First card, second analog channel ... 15 = /dev/ml16pa-a15 First card, 16th analog channel 16 = /dev/ml16pa-d First card, digital lines 17 = /dev/ml16pa-c0 First card, first counter/timer 18 = /dev/ml16pa-c1 First card, second counter/timer 19 = /dev/ml16pa-c2 First card, third counter/timer 32 = /dev/ml16pb-a0 Second card, first analog channel 33 = /dev/ml16pb-a1 Second card, second analog channel ... 47 = /dev/ml16pb-a15 Second card, 16th analog channel 48 = /dev/ml16pb-d Second card, digital lines 49 = /dev/ml16pb-c0 Second card, first counter/timer 50 = /dev/ml16pb-c1 Second card, second counter/timer 51 = /dev/ml16pb-c2 Second card, third counter/timer ... block Reserved for Linux/AP+ 40 char Matrox Meteor frame grabber 0 = /dev/mmetfgrab Matrox Meteor frame grabber block Syquest EZ135 parallel port removable drive 0 = /dev/eza Parallel EZ135 drive, whole disk Partitions are handled in the same way as IDE disks (see major number 3). 41 char Yet Another Micro Monitor 0 = /dev/yamm Yet Another Micro Monitor block MicroSolutions BackPack parallel port CD-ROM 0 = /dev/bpcd BackPack CD-ROM 42 Demo/sample use This number is intended for use in sample code, as well as a general "example" device number. It should never be used for a device driver that is being distributed; either obtain an official number or use the local/experimental range. The sudden addition or removal of a driver with this number should not cause ill effects to the system (bugs excepted.) 43 char isdn4linux virtual modem 0 = /dev/ttyI0 First virtual modem ... 63 = /dev/ttyI63 64th virtual modem 44 char isdn4linux virtual modem - alternate devices 0 = /dev/cui0 Callout device corresponding to ttyI0 ... 63 = /dev/cui63 Callout device corresponding to ttyI63 45 char isdn4linux ISDN BRI driver 0 = /dev/isdn0 First virtual B channel raw data ... 63 = /dev/isdn63 64th virtual B channel raw data 64 = /dev/isdnctrl0 First channel control/debug ... 127 = /dev/isdnctrl63 64th channel control/debug 128 = /dev/ippp0 First SyncPPP device ... 191 = /dev/ippp63 64th SyncPPP device 255 = /dev/isdninfo ISDN monitor interface 46 char Comtrol Rocketport serial card 0 = /dev/ttyR0 First Rocketport port 1 = /dev/ttyR1 Second Rocketport port ... 47 char Comtrol Rocketport serial card - alternate devices 0 = /dev/cur0 Callout device corresponding to ttyR0 1 = /dev/cur1 Callout device corresponding to ttyR1 ... 48 char SDL RISCom serial card 0 = /dev/ttyL0 First RISCom port 1 = /dev/ttyL1 Second RISCom port ... 49 char SDL RISCom serial card - alternate devices 0 = /dev/cul0 Callout device corresponding to ttyL0 1 = /dev/cul1 Callout device corresponding to ttyL1 ... 50 char Reserved for GLINT 51 char Baycom radio modem 0 = /dev/bc0 First Baycom radio modem 1 = /dev/bc1 Second Baycom radio modem ... 52 char Spellcaster DataComm/BRI ISDN card 0 = /dev/dcbri0 First DataComm card 1 = /dev/dcbri1 Second DataComm card 2 = /dev/dcbri2 Third DataComm card 3 = /dev/dcbri3 Fourth DataComm card 53 char BDM interface for remote debugging MC683xx microcontrollers 0 = /dev/pd_bdm0 PD BDM interface on lp0 1 = /dev/pd_bdm1 PD BDM interface on lp1 2 = /dev/pd_bdm2 PD BDM interface on lp2 4 = /dev/icd_bdm0 ICD BDM interface on lp0 5 = /dev/icd_bdm1 ICD BDM interface on lp1 6 = /dev/icd_bdm2 ICD BDM interface on lp2 This device is used for the interfacing to the MC683xx microcontrollers via Background Debug Mode by use of a Parallel Port interface. PD is the Motorola Public Domain Interface and ICD is the commercial interface by P&E. 54 char Electrocardiognosis Holter serial card 0 = /dev/holter0 First Holter port 1 = /dev/holter1 Second Holter port 2 = /dev/holter2 Third Holter port A custom serial card used by Electrocardiognosis SRL <mseritan@ottonel.pub.ro> to transfer data from Holter 24-hour heart monitoring equipment. 55-59 UNALLOCATED 60-63 LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE Allocated for local/experimental use. For devices not assigned official numbers, these ranges should be used, in order to avoid conflicting with future assignments. 64-119 UNALLOCATED 120-127 LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE 128-239 UNALLOCATED 240-254 LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE 255 RESERVED ADDITIONAL /dev DIRECTORY ENTRIES This section details additional entries that should or may exist in the /dev directory. It is preferred that symbolic links use the same form (absolute or relative) as is indicated here. Links are classified as "hard" or "symbolic" depending on the preferred type of link; if possible, the indicated type of link should be used. Compulsory links These links should exist on all systems: /dev/fd /proc/self/fd symbolic File descriptors /dev/stdin fd/0 symbolic stdin file descriptor /dev/stdout fd/1 symbolic stdout file descriptor /dev/stderr fd/2 symbolic stderr file descriptor /dev/nfsd socksys symbolic Required by iBCS-2 /dev/X0R null symbolic Required by iBCS-2 Note: the last device is <letter X>-<digit 0>-<letter R>. Recommended links It is recommended that these links exist on all systems: /dev/core /proc/kcore symbolic Backward compatibility /dev/ramdisk ram0 symbolic Backward compatibility /dev/ftape rft0 symbolic Backward compatibility /dev/scd? sr? hard Alternate SCSI CD-ROM name Locally defined links The following links may be established locally to conform to the configuration of the system. This is merely a tabulation of existing practice, and does not constitute a recommendation. However, if they exist, they should have the following uses. /dev/mouse mouse port symbolic Current mouse device /dev/tape tape device symbolic Current tape device /dev/cdrom CD-ROM device symbolic Current CD-ROM device /dev/cdwriter CD-writer symbolic Current CD-writer device /dev/scanner scanner symbolic Current scanner device /dev/modem modem port symbolic Current dialout device /dev/root root device symbolic Current root filesystem /dev/swap swap device symbolic Current swap device /dev/modem should not be used for a modem which supports dialin as well as dialout, as it tends to cause lock file problems. If it exists, /dev/modem should point to the appropriate dialout (alternate) device. For SCSI devices, /dev/tape and /dev/cdrom should point to the ``cooked'' devices (/dev/st* and /dev/sr*, respectively), whereas /dev/cdwriter and /dev/scanner should point to the appropriate generic SCSI devices (/dev/sg*). /dev/mouse may point to a primary serial TTY device, a hardware mouse device, or a socket for a mouse driver program (e.g. /dev/gpmdata). Sockets and pipes Non-transient sockets and named pipes may exist in /dev. Common entries are: /dev/printer socket lpd local socket /dev/log socket syslog local socket /dev/gpmdata socket gpm mouse multiplexer