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- Linux Meta-FAQ
- Michael K. Johnson <johnsonm@redhat.com>
- v4.7, 25 October 1997
-
- This is the Meta-FAQ for Linux. It is mainly a list of valuable
- sources of information. Check these sources out if you want to learn
- more about Linux, or have problems and need help.
-
- 1. Introduction
-
- What is Linux?
- Linux is an independent implementation of the POSIX operating
- system specification, with SYSV and BSD extensions, that has
- been written entirely from scratch (this means it looks and acts
- just like Unix). It has no proprietary code in it. Linux is
- freely distributable under the GNU General Public License.
-
- Linux works on IBM PC compatibles with an ISA or EISA bus
- (including local bus variants VLB and PCI) and a 386 or higher
- processor. Some Amiga and Atari computers with MMU's are also
- supported. This means 68020 with an external MMU, 68030, 68040,
- or 68060. Support for the Digital Alpha is now stable. Red Hat
- and Craftworks have Alpha distributions of Linux. Support for
- Sparc is stable, and Red Hat Linux is available for Sparc.
- Support for PowerPC is in development for multiple platforms,
- including Nubus and PCI Macintosh, Motorola Powerstack, IBM 830
- and 850, and other platforms. Support for ARM, StrongARM, and
- MIPS is in various stages of completion, but don't hold your
- breath. Read comp.os.linux.announce instead.
-
- See the Linux INFO-SHEET for more technical information on these
- ports, and the Hardware Compatibility HOWTO for more exact
- hardware requirements.
-
- The Linux kernel is written by Linus Torvalds
- <torvalds@transmeta.com> and other volunteers. Most of the
- programs running under Linux are generic Unix freeware, many of
- them from the GNU project.
-
- The Linux INFO-SHEET
- More specific technical information on Linux. Includes pointers
- to information on the various ports, a feature list, information
- about how to get Linux, and more.
-
- The Linux HOWTO's
- These are somewhat like FAQ's, but instead of answering common
- questions, they explain how to do common tasks, like ordering a
- release of Linux, setting up print services under Linux, setting
- up a basic UUCP feed, etc. See
- <http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/HOWTO-INDEX.html> or
- <ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/> for the definitive
- versions of all the HOWTO's. Other sites with up-to-date copies
- of the HOWTOs are ftp.cc.gatech.edu and tsx-11.mit.edu.
-
- In addition, there are many short, free-form documents called
- "mini-HOWTOs". These documents cover very specific subjects,
- such as BogoMIPS or Color-ls. These are available at
- <ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/mini/> and at
- <http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/HOWTO-INDEX.html>.
-
- Linux newsgroups
- There are several Usenet newsgroups for Linux. It is a good
- idea to follow at least comp.os.linux.announce if you use Linux.
- comp.os.linux.announce is moderated by Lars Wirzenius. To make
- submissions to the newsgroup, send mail to linux-
- announce@news.ornl.gov. You may direct questions about
- comp.os.linux.announce to Lars Wirzenius <wirzeniu@iki.fi>
-
- The newsgroup comp.os.linux.announce is a moderated newsgroup
- for announcements about Linux (new programs, bug fixes, etc).
-
- The newsgroup comp.os.linux.answers is a moderated newsgroup to
- which the Linux FAQ, HOWTO documents, and other documentation
- postings are made.
-
- The newsgroup comp.os.linux.setup is an unmoderated newsgroup
- for discussion of issues and problems involved in setting up
- Linux systems.
-
- The newsgroup comp.os.linux.admin is an unmoderated newsgroup
- for discussion of administration of Linux systems.
-
- The newsgroup comp.os.linux.development.system is an unmoderated
- newsgroup specifically for discussion of Linux kernel
- development. The only application development questions that
- should be discussed here are those that are intimately
- associated with the kernel. All other development questions are
- probably generic Unix development questions and should be
- directed to a comp.unix group instead, unless they are very
- Linux-specific applications questions, in which case they should
- be directed at comp.os.linux.development.apps.
-
- The newsgroup comp.os.linux.development.apps is an unmoderated
- newsgroup specifically for discussion of Linux-related
- applications development. It is not for discussion of where to
- get applications for Linux, nor a discussion forum for those who
- would like to see applications for Linux.
-
- The newsgroup comp.os.linux.hardware is for Linux-specific
- hardware questions.
-
- The newsgroup comp.os.linux.networking is for Linux-specific
- networking development and setup questions.
-
- The newsgroup comp.os.linux.x is for Linux-specific X Windows
- questions.
-
- The newsgroup comp.os.linux.misc is an unmoderated newsgroup for
- any Linux discussion that doesn't belong anywhere else.
-
- In general, do not crosspost between the Linux newsgroups. The
- only crossposting that is appropriate is an occasional posting
- between one unmoderated group and comp.os.linux.announce. The
- whole point of splitting the old comp.os.linux group into many
- groups was to reduce traffic in each. Those that do not follow
- this rule will be flamed without mercy...
-
- Other newsgroups
- Do not assume that all your questions are appropriate for a
- Linux newsgroup just because you are running Linux. Is your
- question really about shell programming under any unix or unix
- clone? Then ask in comp.unix.shell. Is it about GNU Emacs?
- Then try asking in gnu.emacs.help. Also, if you don't know
- another group to ask in, but think there might be, politely ask
- in your post if there is another group that would be more
- appropriate for your question. At least the groups
- comp.unix.{questions,shell,programming,bsd,admin} and
- comp.windows.x.i386unix should be useful for a Linux user.
-
- The World-Wide Web
- Greg Hankins <gregh@cc.gatech.edu> maintains the home WWW page
- for the Linux project. The URL is
- <http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/>
-
- Linux Journal
- A magazine called Linux Journal was launched several years ago.
- It includes articles intended for almost all skill levels, and
- is intended to be helpful to all Linux users. Subscriptions are
- $22 in the U.S., $27 in Canada and Mexico, and $32 elsewhere
- around the world, all payable in U.S. funds. Subscription
- inquiries can be sent via email to subs@ssc.com or faxed to
- (U.S.) 1-206-782-7191 or mailed to Linux Journal, PO Box 85867,
- Seattle, WA 98145-1867 USA. SSC has a PGP public key if you
- wish to send your credit card number via encrypted email: finger
- info@ssc.com
-
- The Linux Software Map
- Information on free software available for Linux can be found in
- the Linux Software Map, which can be found at
- <http://www.execpc.com/~lsm/>
-
- 2. Getting Linux
-
- 2.1. Linux FTP sites
-
- A more complete list of Linux FTP sites is in the Linux INFO-SHEET,
- which can always be found at <http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/INFO-
- SHEET.html> The most important sites are listed here; please see the
- INFO-SHEET for a site nearer to you (there are many mirrors).
-
- textual name numeric addr Linux directory
- ======================= ============== ===============
- tsx-11.mit.edu 18.86.0.44 /pub/linux
- sunsite.unc.edu 152.2.22.81 /pub/Linux
- ftp.kernel.org 206.184.214.34 /pub/linux
-
- These sites are the main ``home'' sites for Linux where most uploads
- take place. There are many mirror sites; please use the closest
- (network-wise) site to you.
-
- 2.2. Linux on physical media
-
- Linux is distributed on physical media, mainly CD-ROM, by several
- commercial vendors. Please read the distribution HOWTO, posted
- regularily to comp.os.linux.announce, and available at
- <http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/Distribution-HOWTO.html>
-
- 2.3. AFS
-
- Linux is available over AFS by mounting the volume project.linux from
- sipb.mit.edu
- 2.4. Commercial networks
-
- Compu$erve has some Linux archives.
-
- 2.5. Mailservers and such
-
- Sunsite offers ftp-mail service --- mail <ftpmail@sunsite.unc.edu>.
-
- 3. Linux distributions
-
- Linux is distributed by its author only as a kernel. Other people
- have put together ``distributions'' that pair the Linux kernel with
- utilities and application software to make a complete working package.
-
- There are several distributions of Linux, which are available at
- various sites. Sunsite mirrors many of the distributions at
- <ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/distributions/>. The most commonly-
- recommended freely-available distributions are Red Hat
- <http://www.redhat.com> and Debian <http://www.debian.org>. These
- are available for free over the internet, and are also sold on CD-ROM.
-
- There are other distributions of Linux as well. Most commercial
- distributors of Linux advertise in Linux Journal.
-
- 4. Linux mailing-lists
-
- Used mostly for discussion between developers of new features and
- testers of pre-release versions. See addresses in the FAQ. Send mail
- to majordomo@vger.rutgers.edu with the single word help in the body of
- the message , and you will get mail explaining how to subscribe to the
- many Linux mailing lists there. Save this mail, as it tells you how
- to unsubscribe from the lists, and if you post annoying messages to
- the list complaining about not being able to get off the list (because
- you didn't follow instructions and save the mail telling you how to
- unsubscribe), you will likely be flamed for wasting international
- bandwidth and money.
-
- 5. Documentation for various programs
-
- Many programs come with some sort of documentation, often in a file
- called README or something similar. It is a VERY good idea to read
- them with care. It is boring to see (and answer) questions that are
- answered in the documentation. Most programs also have ``man pages'';
- use the command man programname to get documentation on a program
- named programname. To get help using the man program, use man man.
-
- Most distributions put other documentation about programs in the
- directory /usr/doc/; your distribution should include documentation on
- how to access that documentation.
-
- 6. More Documentation
-
- The Linux Documentation Project is working on a lot of documentation.
- Already, over 3000 pages of book-style documentation has been released
- to the general public, and another 2000 or so printed pages of man
- pages have also been released, with more to follow. Check
- <http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/> for documents written by the LDP.
-
- 7. Keeping track of current releases
-
- Important new releases, programs, and ports are usually announced in
- comp.os.linux.announce.
-
- 8. This Document
-
- The latest version of this document should always be available from
- <http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/META-FAQ.html>
-
- 9. Legalese
-
- Trademarks are owned by their owners. Satisfaction not guaranteed.
- No warranties about this document. Void where prohibited.
-
- The content of this document is placed in the public domain, but if
- you quote it, please be polite and attribute your source.
-
- Lars Wirzenius <wirzeniu@iki.fi> wrote the first version of this
- document; it is now maintained by Michael K. Johnson
- <johnsonm@redhat.com>. Mail me if you have any questions about this
- document.
-
-