GameStar 2006 January/Gamestar_80_2006-01_dvd.iso/Dema/Civilization4/data1.cab/Civ4DemoComponent/Assets/Python/System/optparse.pyc

Python Compiled Bytecode | 2005-11-09 | 45.9 KB | 1,405 lines

# Source Generated with Decompyle++
# File: in.pyc (Python 2.4)

"""optparse - a powerful, extensible, and easy-to-use option parser.

By Greg Ward <[e-mail]>

Originally distributed as Optik; see http://optik.sourceforge.net/ .

If you have problems with this module, please do not file bugs,
patches, or feature requests with Python; instead, use Optik's
SourceForge project page:
  http://sourceforge.net/projects/optik

For support, use the [e-mail] mailing list
(http://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/optik-users).
"""
__version__ = '1.5a2'
__all__ = [
    'Option',
    'SUPPRESS_HELP',
    'SUPPRESS_USAGE',
    'Values',
    'OptionContainer',
    'OptionGroup',
    'OptionParser',
    'HelpFormatter',
    'IndentedHelpFormatter',
    'TitledHelpFormatter',
    'OptParseError',
    'OptionError',
    'OptionConflictError',
    'OptionValueError',
    'BadOptionError']
__copyright__ = '\nCopyright (c) 2001-2004 Gregory P. Ward.  All rights reserved.\nCopyright (c) 2002-2004 Python Software Foundation.  All rights reserved.\n\nRedistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without\nmodification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are\nmet:\n\n  * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright\n    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.\n\n  * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright\n    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the\n    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.\n\n  * Neither the name of the author nor the names of its\n    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from\n    this software without specific prior written permission.\n\nTHIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS\nIS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED\nTO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A\nPARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR\nCONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,\nEXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,\nPROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR\nPROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF\nLIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING\nNEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS\nSOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.\n'
import sys
import os
import types
import textwrap
from gettext import gettext as _

def _repr(self):
    return '<%s at 0x%x: %s>' % (self.__class__.__name__, id(self), self)


class OptParseError(Exception):

    def __init__(self, msg):
        self.msg = msg


    def __str__(self):
        return self.msg



class OptionError(OptParseError):
    '''
    Raised if an Option instance is created with invalid or
    inconsistent arguments.
    '''

    def __init__(self, msg, option):
        self.msg = msg
        self.option_id = str(option)


    def __str__(self):
        if self.option_id:
            return 'option %s: %s' % (self.option_id, self.msg)
        else:
            return self.msg



class OptionConflictError(OptionError):
    '''
    Raised if conflicting options are added to an OptionParser.
    '''
    pass


class OptionValueError(OptParseError):
    '''
    Raised if an invalid option value is encountered on the command
    line.
    '''
    pass


class BadOptionError(OptParseError):
    '''
    Raised if an invalid or ambiguous option is seen on the command-line.
    '''
    pass


class HelpFormatter:
    '''
    Abstract base class for formatting option help.  OptionParser
    instances should use one of the HelpFormatter subclasses for
    formatting help; by default IndentedHelpFormatter is used.

    Instance attributes:
      parser : OptionParser
        the controlling OptionParser instance
      indent_increment : int
        the number of columns to indent per nesting level
      max_help_position : int
        the maximum starting column for option help text
      help_position : int
        the calculated starting column for option help text;
        initially the same as the maximum
      width : int
        total number of columns for output (pass None to constructor for
        this value to be taken from the $COLUMNS environment variable)
      level : int
        current indentation level
      current_indent : int
        current indentation level (in columns)
      help_width : int
        number of columns available for option help text (calculated)
      default_tag : str
        text to replace with each option\'s default value, "%default"
        by default.  Set to false value to disable default value expansion.
      option_strings : { Option : str }
        maps Option instances to the snippet of help text explaining
        the syntax of that option, e.g. "-h, --help" or
        "-fFILE, --file=FILE"
      _short_opt_fmt : str
        format string controlling how short options with values are
        printed in help text.  Must be either "%s%s" ("-fFILE") or
        "%s %s" ("-f FILE"), because those are the two syntaxes that
        Optik supports.
      _long_opt_fmt : str
        similar but for long options; must be either "%s %s" ("--file FILE")
        or "%s=%s" ("--file=FILE").
    '''
    NO_DEFAULT_VALUE = 'none'

    def __init__(self, indent_increment, max_help_position, width, short_first):
        self.parser = None
        self.indent_increment = indent_increment
        self.help_position = self.max_help_position = max_help_position
        if width is None:

            try:
                width = int(os.environ['COLUMNS'])
            except (KeyError, ValueError):
                width = 80

            width -= 2

        self.width = width
        self.current_indent = 0
        self.level = 0
        self.help_width = None
        self.short_first = short_first
        self.default_tag = '%default'
        self.option_strings = { }
        self._short_opt_fmt = '%s %s'
        self._long_opt_fmt = '%s=%s'


    def set_parser(self, parser):
        self.parser = parser


    def set_short_opt_delimiter(self, delim):
        if delim not in ('', ' '):
            raise ValueError('invalid metavar delimiter for short options: %r' % delim)

        self._short_opt_fmt = '%s' + delim + '%s'


    def set_long_opt_delimiter(self, delim):
        if delim not in ('=', ' '):
            raise ValueError('invalid metavar delimiter for long options: %r' % delim)

        self._long_opt_fmt = '%s' + delim + '%s'


    def indent(self):
        self.current_indent += self.indent_increment
        self.level += 1


    def dedent(self):
        self.current_indent -= self.indent_increment
        if not self.current_indent >= 0:
            raise AssertionError, 'Indent decreased below 0.'
        self
        self.level -= 1


    def format_usage(self, usage):
        raise NotImplementedError, 'subclasses must implement'


    def format_heading(self, heading):
        raise NotImplementedError, 'subclasses must implement'


    def format_description(self, description):
        if not description:
            return ''

        desc_width = self.width - self.current_indent
        indent = ' ' * self.current_indent
        return textwrap.fill(description, desc_width, initial_indent = indent, subsequent_indent = indent) + '\n'


    def expand_default(self, option):
        if self.parser is None or not (self.default_tag):
            return option.help

        default_value = self.parser.defaults.get(option.dest)
        if default_value is NO_DEFAULT or default_value is None:
            default_value = self.NO_DEFAULT_VALUE

        return option.help.replace(self.default_tag, str(default_value))


    def format_option(self, option):
        result = []
        opts = self.option_strings[option]
        opt_width = self.help_position - self.current_indent - 2
        if len(opts) > opt_width:
            opts = '%*s%s\n' % (self.current_indent, '', opts)
            indent_first = self.help_position
        else:
            opts = '%*s%-*s  ' % (self.current_indent, '', opt_width, opts)
            indent_first = 0
        result.append(opts)
        if option.help:
            help_text = self.expand_default(option)
            help_lines = textwrap.wrap(help_text, self.help_width)
            result.append('%*s%s\n' % (indent_first, '', help_lines[0]))
            []([ '%*s%s\n' % (self.help_position, '', line) for line in help_lines[1:] ])
        elif opts[-1] != '\n':
            result.append('\n')

        return ''.join(result)


    def store_option_strings(self, parser):
        self.indent()
        max_len = 0
        for opt in parser.option_list:
            strings = self.format_option_strings(opt)
            self.option_strings[opt] = strings
            max_len = max(max_len, len(strings) + self.current_indent)

        self.indent()
        for group in parser.option_groups:
            for opt in group.option_list:
                strings = self.format_option_strings(opt)
                self.option_strings[opt] = strings
                max_len = max(max_len, len(strings) + self.current_indent)


        self.dedent()
        self.dedent()
        self.help_position = min(max_len + 2, self.max_help_position)
        self.help_width = self.width - self.help_position


    def format_option_strings(self, option):
        '''Return a comma-separated list of option strings & metavariables.'''
        return ', '.join(opts)



class IndentedHelpFormatter(HelpFormatter):
    '''Format help with indented section bodies.
    '''

    def __init__(self, indent_increment = 2, max_help_position = 24, width = None, short_first = 1):
        HelpFormatter.__init__(self, indent_increment, max_help_position, width, short_first)


    def format_usage(self, usage):
        return _('usage: %s\n') % usage


    def format_heading(self, heading):
        return '%*s%s:\n' % (self.current_indent, '', heading)



class TitledHelpFormatter(HelpFormatter):
    '''Format help with underlined section headers.
    '''

    def __init__(self, indent_increment = 0, max_help_position = 24, width = None, short_first = 0):
        HelpFormatter.__init__(self, indent_increment, max_help_position, width, short_first)


    def format_usage(self, usage):
        return '%s  %s\n' % (self.format_heading(_('Usage')), usage)


    def format_heading(self, heading):
        return '%s\n%s\n' % (heading, '=-'[self.level] * len(heading))


_builtin_cvt = {
    'int': (int, _('integer')),
    'long': (long, _('long integer')),
    'float': (float, _('floating-point')),
    'complex': (complex, _('complex')) }

def check_builtin(option, opt, value):
    (cvt, what) = _builtin_cvt[option.type]

    try:
        return cvt(value)
    except ValueError:
        raise OptionValueError(_('option %s: invalid %s value: %r') % (opt, what, value))



def check_choice(option, opt, value):
    if value in option.choices:
        return value
    else:
        choices = ', '.join(map(repr, option.choices))
        raise OptionValueError(_('option %s: invalid choice: %r (choose from %s)') % (opt, value, choices))

NO_DEFAULT = ('NO', 'DEFAULT')

class Option:
    '''
    Instance attributes:
      _short_opts : [string]
      _long_opts : [string]

      action : string
      type : string
      dest : string
      default : any
      nargs : int
      const : any
      choices : [string]
      callback : function
      callback_args : (any*)
      callback_kwargs : { string : any }
      help : string
      metavar : string
    '''
    ATTRS = [
        'action',
        'type',
        'dest',
        'default',
        'nargs',
        'const',
        'choices',
        'callback',
        'callback_args',
        'callback_kwargs',
        'help',
        'metavar']
    ACTIONS = ('store', 'store_const', 'store_true', 'store_false', 'append', 'count', 'callback', 'help', 'version')
    STORE_ACTIONS = ('store', 'store_const', 'store_true', 'store_false', 'append', 'count')
    TYPED_ACTIONS = ('store', 'append', 'callback')
    ALWAYS_TYPED_ACTIONS = ('store', 'append')
    TYPES = ('string', 'int', 'long', 'float', 'complex', 'choice')
    TYPE_CHECKER = {
        'int': check_builtin,
        'long': check_builtin,
        'float': check_builtin,
        'complex': check_builtin,
        'choice': check_choice }
    CHECK_METHODS = None

    def __init__(self, *opts, **attrs):
        self._short_opts = []
        self._long_opts = []
        opts = self._check_opt_strings(opts)
        self._set_opt_strings(opts)
        self._set_attrs(attrs)
        for checker in self.CHECK_METHODS:
            checker(self)



    def _check_opt_strings(self, opts):
        opts = filter(None, opts)
        if not opts:
            raise TypeError('at least one option string must be supplied')

        return opts


    def _set_opt_strings(self, opts):
        for opt in opts:
            if len(opt) < 2:
                raise OptionError('invalid option string %r: must be at least two characters long' % opt, self)
                continue
            if len(opt) == 2:
                if not opt[0] == '-' and opt[1] != '-':
                    raise OptionError('invalid short option string %r: must be of the form -x, (x any non-dash char)' % opt, self)

                self._short_opts.append(opt)
                continue
            if not opt[0:2] == '--' and opt[2] != '-':
                raise OptionError('invalid long option string %r: must start with --, followed by non-dash' % opt, self)

            self._long_opts.append(opt)



    def _set_attrs(self, attrs):
        for attr in self.ATTRS:
            if attrs.has_key(attr):
                setattr(self, attr, attrs[attr])
                del attrs[attr]
                continue
            if attr == 'default':
                setattr(self, attr, NO_DEFAULT)
                continue
            setattr(self, attr, None)

        if attrs:
            raise OptionError('invalid keyword arguments: %s' % ', '.join(attrs.keys()), self)



    def _check_action(self):
        if self.action is None:
            self.action = 'store'
        elif self.action not in self.ACTIONS:
            raise OptionError('invalid action: %r' % self.action, self)



    def _check_type(self):
        if self.type is None:
            if self.action in self.ALWAYS_TYPED_ACTIONS:
                if self.choices is not None:
                    self.type = 'choice'
                else:
                    self.type = 'string'

        elif type(self.type) is type:
            self.type = self.type.__name__

        if self.type == 'str':
            self.type = 'string'

        if self.type not in self.TYPES:
            raise OptionError('invalid option type: %r' % self.type, self)

        if self.action not in self.TYPED_ACTIONS:
            raise OptionError('must not supply a type for action %r' % self.action, self)



    def _check_choice(self):
        if self.type == 'choice':
            if self.choices is None:
                raise OptionError("must supply a list of choices for type 'choice'", self)
            elif type(self.choices) not in (types.TupleType, types.ListType):
                raise OptionError("choices must be a list of strings ('%s' supplied)" % str(type(self.choices)).split("'")[1], self)

        elif self.choices is not None:
            raise OptionError('must not supply choices for type %r' % self.type, self)



    def _check_dest(self):
        if not self.action in self.STORE_ACTIONS:
            pass
        takes_value = self.type is not None
        if self.dest is None and takes_value:
            if self._long_opts:
                self.dest = self._long_opts[0][2:].replace('-', '_')
            else:
                self.dest = self._short_opts[0][1]



    def _check_const(self):
        if self.action != 'store_const' and self.const is not None:
            raise OptionError("'const' must not be supplied for action %r" % self.action, self)



    def _check_nargs(self):
        if self.action in self.TYPED_ACTIONS:
            if self.nargs is None:
                self.nargs = 1

        elif self.nargs is not None:
            raise OptionError("'nargs' must not be supplied for action %r" % self.action, self)



    def _check_callback(self):
        if self.action == 'callback':
            if not callable(self.callback):
                raise OptionError('callback not callable: %r' % self.callback, self)

            if self.callback_args is not None and type(self.callback_args) is not types.TupleType:
                raise OptionError('callback_args, if supplied, must be a tuple: not %r' % self.callback_args, self)

            if self.callback_kwargs is not None and type(self.callback_kwargs) is not types.DictType:
                raise OptionError('callback_kwargs, if supplied, must be a dict: not %r' % self.callback_kwargs, self)

        elif self.callback is not None:
            raise OptionError('callback supplied (%r) for non-callback option' % self.callback, self)

        if self.callback_args is not None:
            raise OptionError('callback_args supplied for non-callback option', self)

        if self.callback_kwargs is not None:
            raise OptionError('callback_kwargs supplied for non-callback option', self)


    CHECK_METHODS = [
        _check_action,
        _check_type,
        _check_choice,
        _check_dest,
        _check_const,
        _check_nargs,
        _check_callback]

    def __str__(self):
        return '/'.join(self._short_opts + self._long_opts)

    __repr__ = _repr

    def takes_value(self):
        return self.type is not None


    def get_opt_string(self):
        if self._long_opts:
            return self._long_opts[0]
        else:
            return self._short_opts[0]


    def check_value(self, opt, value):
        checker = self.TYPE_CHECKER.get(self.type)
        if checker is None:
            return value
        else:
            return checker(self, opt, value)


    def convert_value(self, opt, value):
        pass


    def process(self, opt, value, values, parser):
        value = self.convert_value(opt, value)
        return self.take_action(self.action, self.dest, opt, value, values, parser)


    def take_action(self, action, dest, opt, value, values, parser):
        if action == 'store':
            setattr(values, dest, value)
        elif action == 'store_const':
            setattr(values, dest, self.const)
        elif action == 'store_true':
            setattr(values, dest, True)
        elif action == 'store_false':
            setattr(values, dest, False)
        elif action == 'append':
            values.ensure_value(dest, []).append(value)
        elif action == 'count':
            setattr(values, dest, values.ensure_value(dest, 0) + 1)
        elif action == 'callback':
            if not self.callback_args:
                pass
            args = ()
            if not self.callback_kwargs:
                pass
            kwargs = { }
            self.callback(self, opt, value, parser, *args, **kwargs)
        elif action == 'help':
            parser.print_help()
            parser.exit()
        elif action == 'version':
            parser.print_version()
            parser.exit()
        else:
            raise RuntimeError, 'unknown action %r' % self.action
        return 1


SUPPRESS_HELP = 'SUPPRESS' + 'HELP'
SUPPRESS_USAGE = 'SUPPRESS' + 'USAGE'

try:
    (True, False)
except NameError:
    (True, False) = (1, 0)


try:
    basestring
except NameError:
    basestring = (str, unicode)


class Values:

    def __init__(self, defaults = None):
        if defaults:
            for attr, val in defaults.items():
                setattr(self, attr, val)




    def __str__(self):
        return str(self.__dict__)

    __repr__ = _repr

    def __eq__(self, other):
        if isinstance(other, Values):
            return self.__dict__ == other.__dict__
        elif isinstance(other, dict):
            return self.__dict__ == other
        else:
            return False


    def __ne__(self, other):
        return not (self == other)


    def _update_careful(self, dict):
        '''
        Update the option values from an arbitrary dictionary, but only
        use keys from dict that already have a corresponding attribute
        in self.  Any keys in dict without a corresponding attribute
        are silently ignored.
        '''
        for attr in dir(self):
            if dict.has_key(attr):
                dval = dict[attr]
                if dval is not None:
                    setattr(self, attr, dval)

            dval is not None



    def _update_loose(self, dict):
        '''
        Update the option values from an arbitrary dictionary,
        using all keys from the dictionary regardless of whether
        they have a corresponding attribute in self or not.
        '''
        self.__dict__.update(dict)


    def _update(self, dict, mode):
        if mode == 'careful':
            self._update_careful(dict)
        elif mode == 'loose':
            self._update_loose(dict)
        else:
            raise ValueError, 'invalid update mode: %r' % mode


    def read_module(self, modname, mode = 'careful'):
        __import__(modname)
        mod = sys.modules[modname]
        self._update(vars(mod), mode)


    def read_file(self, filename, mode = 'careful'):
        vars = { }
        execfile(filename, vars)
        self._update(vars, mode)


    def ensure_value(self, attr, value):
        if not hasattr(self, attr) or getattr(self, attr) is None:
            setattr(self, attr, value)

        return getattr(self, attr)



class OptionContainer:
    '''
    Abstract base class.

    Class attributes:
      standard_option_list : [Option]
        list of standard options that will be accepted by all instances
        of this parser class (intended to be overridden by subclasses).

    Instance attributes:
      option_list : [Option]
        the list of Option objects contained by this OptionContainer
      _short_opt : { string : Option }
        dictionary mapping short option strings, eg. "-f" or "-X",
        to the Option instances that implement them.  If an Option
        has multiple short option strings, it will appears in this
        dictionary multiple times. [1]
      _long_opt : { string : Option }
        dictionary mapping long option strings, eg. "--file" or
        "--exclude", to the Option instances that implement them.
        Again, a given Option can occur multiple times in this
        dictionary. [1]
      defaults : { string : any }
        dictionary mapping option destination names to default
        values for each destination [1]

    [1] These mappings are common to (shared by) all components of the
        controlling OptionParser, where they are initially created.

    '''

    def __init__(self, option_class, conflict_handler, description):
        self._create_option_list()
        self.option_class = option_class
        self.set_conflict_handler(conflict_handler)
        self.set_description(description)


    def _create_option_mappings(self):
        self._short_opt = { }
        self._long_opt = { }
        self.defaults = { }


    def _share_option_mappings(self, parser):
        self._short_opt = parser._short_opt
        self._long_opt = parser._long_opt
        self.defaults = parser.defaults


    def set_conflict_handler(self, handler):
        if handler not in ('error', 'resolve'):
            raise ValueError, 'invalid conflict_resolution value %r' % handler

        self.conflict_handler = handler


    def set_description(self, description):
        self.description = description


    def get_description(self):
        return self.description


    def _check_conflict(self, option):
        conflict_opts = []
        for opt in option._short_opts:
            if self._short_opt.has_key(opt):
                conflict_opts.append((opt, self._short_opt[opt]))
                continue

        for opt in option._long_opts:
            if self._long_opt.has_key(opt):
                conflict_opts.append((opt, self._long_opt[opt]))
                continue

        if conflict_opts:
            handler = self.conflict_handler
            if handler == 'error':
                raise ', '.join([] % []([ co[0] for co in conflict_opts ]), option)
            elif handler == 'resolve':
                for opt, c_option in conflict_opts:
                    if opt.startswith('--'):
                        c_option._long_opts.remove(opt)
                        del self._long_opt[opt]
                    else:
                        c_option._short_opts.remove(opt)
                        del self._short_opt[opt]
                    if not c_option._short_opts or c_option._long_opts:
                        c_option.container.option_list.remove(c_option)
                        continue





    def add_option(self, *args, **kwargs):
        '''add_option(Option)
           add_option(opt_str, ..., kwarg=val, ...)
        '''
        if type(args[0]) is types.StringType:
            option = self.option_class(*args, **kwargs)
        elif len(args) == 1 and not kwargs:
            option = args[0]
            if not isinstance(option, Option):
                raise TypeError, 'not an Option instance: %r' % option

        else:
            raise TypeError, 'invalid arguments'
        self._check_conflict(option)
        self.option_list.append(option)
        option.container = self
        for opt in option._short_opts:
            self._short_opt[opt] = option

        for opt in option._long_opts:
            self._long_opt[opt] = option

        if option.dest is not None:
            if option.default is not NO_DEFAULT:
                self.defaults[option.dest] = option.default
            elif not self.defaults.has_key(option.dest):
                self.defaults[option.dest] = None


        return option


    def add_options(self, option_list):
        for option in option_list:
            self.add_option(option)



    def get_option(self, opt_str):
        if not self._short_opt.get(opt_str):
            pass
        return self._long_opt.get(opt_str)


    def has_option(self, opt_str):
        if not self._short_opt.has_key(opt_str):
            pass
        return self._long_opt.has_key(opt_str)


    def remove_option(self, opt_str):
        option = self._short_opt.get(opt_str)
        if option is None:
            option = self._long_opt.get(opt_str)

        if option is None:
            raise ValueError('no such option %r' % opt_str)

        for opt in option._short_opts:
            del self._short_opt[opt]

        for opt in option._long_opts:
            del self._long_opt[opt]

        option.container.option_list.remove(option)


    def format_option_help(self, formatter):
        if not self.option_list:
            return ''

        result = []
        for option in self.option_list:
            if option.help is not SUPPRESS_HELP:
                result.append(formatter.format_option(option))
                continue

        return ''.join(result)


    def format_description(self, formatter):
        return formatter.format_description(self.get_description())


    def format_help(self, formatter):
        result = []
        if self.description:
            result.append(self.format_description(formatter))

        if self.option_list:
            result.append(self.format_option_help(formatter))

        return '\n'.join(result)



class OptionGroup(OptionContainer):

    def __init__(self, parser, title, description = None):
        self.parser = parser
        OptionContainer.__init__(self, parser.option_class, parser.conflict_handler, description)
        self.title = title


    def _create_option_list(self):
        self.option_list = []
        self._share_option_mappings(self.parser)


    def set_title(self, title):
        self.title = title


    def format_help(self, formatter):
        result = formatter.format_heading(self.title)
        formatter.indent()
        result += OptionContainer.format_help(self, formatter)
        formatter.dedent()
        return result



class OptionParser(OptionContainer):
    '''
    Class attributes:
      standard_option_list : [Option]
        list of standard options that will be accepted by all instances
        of this parser class (intended to be overridden by subclasses).

    Instance attributes:
      usage : string
        a usage string for your program.  Before it is displayed
        to the user, "%prog" will be expanded to the name of
        your program (self.prog or os.path.basename(sys.argv[0])).
      prog : string
        the name of the current program (to override
        os.path.basename(sys.argv[0])).

      option_groups : [OptionGroup]
        list of option groups in this parser (option groups are
        irrelevant for parsing the command-line, but very useful
        for generating help)

      allow_interspersed_args : bool = true
        if true, positional arguments may be interspersed with options.
        Assuming -a and -b each take a single argument, the command-line
          -ablah foo bar -bboo baz
        will be interpreted the same as
          -ablah -bboo -- foo bar baz
        If this flag were false, that command line would be interpreted as
          -ablah -- foo bar -bboo baz
        -- ie. we stop processing options as soon as we see the first
        non-option argument.  (This is the tradition followed by
        Python\'s getopt module, Perl\'s Getopt::Std, and other argument-
        parsing libraries, but it is generally annoying to users.)

      process_default_values : bool = true
        if true, option default values are processed similarly to option
        values from the command line: that is, they are passed to the
        type-checking function for the option\'s type (as long as the
        default value is a string).  (This really only matters if you
        have defined custom types; see SF bug #955889.)  Set it to false
        to restore the behaviour of Optik 1.4.1 and earlier.

      rargs : [string]
        the argument list currently being parsed.  Only set when
        parse_args() is active, and continually trimmed down as
        we consume arguments.  Mainly there for the benefit of
        callback options.
      largs : [string]
        the list of leftover arguments that we have skipped while
        parsing options.  If allow_interspersed_args is false, this
        list is always empty.
      values : Values
        the set of option values currently being accumulated.  Only
        set when parse_args() is active.  Also mainly for callbacks.

    Because of the \'rargs\', \'largs\', and \'values\' attributes,
    OptionParser is not thread-safe.  If, for some perverse reason, you
    need to parse command-line arguments simultaneously in different
    threads, use different OptionParser instances.

    '''
    standard_option_list = []

    def __init__(self, usage = None, option_list = None, option_class = Option, version = None, conflict_handler = 'error', description = None, formatter = None, add_help_option = True, prog = None):
        OptionContainer.__init__(self, option_class, conflict_handler, description)
        self.set_usage(usage)
        self.prog = prog
        self.version = version
        self.allow_interspersed_args = True
        self.process_default_values = True
        if formatter is None:
            formatter = IndentedHelpFormatter()

        self.formatter = formatter
        self.formatter.set_parser(self)
        self._populate_option_list(option_list, add_help = add_help_option)
        self._init_parsing_state()


    def _create_option_list(self):
        self.option_list = []
        self.option_groups = []
        self._create_option_mappings()


    def _add_help_option(self):
        self.add_option('-h', '--help', action = 'help', help = _('show this help message and exit'))


    def _add_version_option(self):
        self.add_option('--version', action = 'version', help = _("show program's version number and exit"))


    def _populate_option_list(self, option_list, add_help = True):
        if self.standard_option_list:
            self.add_options(self.standard_option_list)

        if option_list:
            self.add_options(option_list)

        if self.version:
            self._add_version_option()

        if add_help:
            self._add_help_option()



    def _init_parsing_state(self):
        self.rargs = None
        self.largs = None
        self.values = None


    def set_usage(self, usage):
        if usage is None:
            self.usage = _('%prog [options]')
        elif usage is SUPPRESS_USAGE:
            self.usage = None
        elif usage.startswith('usage:' + ' '):
            self.usage = usage[7:]
        else:
            self.usage = usage


    def enable_interspersed_args(self):
        self.allow_interspersed_args = True


    def disable_interspersed_args(self):
        self.allow_interspersed_args = False


    def set_process_default_values(self, process):
        self.process_default_values = process


    def set_default(self, dest, value):
        self.defaults[dest] = value


    def set_defaults(self, **kwargs):
        self.defaults.update(kwargs)


    def _get_all_options(self):
        options = self.option_list[:]
        for group in self.option_groups:
            options.extend(group.option_list)

        return options


    def get_default_values(self):
        if not self.process_default_values:
            return Values(self.defaults)

        defaults = self.defaults.copy()
        for option in self._get_all_options():
            default = defaults.get(option.dest)
            if isinstance(default, basestring):
                opt_str = option.get_opt_string()
                defaults[option.dest] = option.check_value(opt_str, default)
                continue

        return Values(defaults)


    def add_option_group(self, *args, **kwargs):
        if type(args[0]) is types.StringType:
            group = OptionGroup(self, *args, **kwargs)
        elif len(args) == 1 and not kwargs:
            group = args[0]
            if not isinstance(group, OptionGroup):
                raise TypeError, 'not an OptionGroup instance: %r' % group

            if group.parser is not self:
                raise ValueError, 'invalid OptionGroup (wrong parser)'

        else:
            raise TypeError, 'invalid arguments'
        self.option_groups.append(group)
        return group


    def get_option_group(self, opt_str):
        if not self._short_opt.get(opt_str):
            pass
        option = self._long_opt.get(opt_str)
        if option and option.container is not self:
            return option.container



    def _get_args(self, args):
        if args is None:
            return sys.argv[1:]
        else:
            return args[:]


    def parse_args(self, args = None, values = None):
        """
        parse_args(args : [string] = sys.argv[1:],
                   values : Values = None)
        -> (values : Values, args : [string])

        Parse the command-line options found in 'args' (default:
        sys.argv[1:]).  Any errors result in a call to 'error()', which
        by default prints the usage message to stderr and calls
        sys.exit() with an error message.  On success returns a pair
        (values, args) where 'values' is an Values instance (with all
        your option values) and 'args' is the list of arguments left
        over after parsing options.
        """
        rargs = self._get_args(args)
        if values is None:
            values = self.get_default_values()

        self.rargs = rargs
        self.largs = largs = []
        self.values = values

        try:
            stop = self._process_args(largs, rargs, values)
        except (BadOptionError, OptionValueError):
            err = None
            self.error(err.msg)

        args = largs + rargs
        return self.check_values(values, args)


    def check_values(self, values, args):
        '''
        check_values(values : Values, args : [string])
        -> (values : Values, args : [string])

        Check that the supplied option values and leftover arguments are
        valid.  Returns the option values and leftover arguments
        (possibly adjusted, possibly completely new -- whatever you
        like).  Default implementation just returns the passed-in
        values; subclasses may override as desired.
        '''
        return (values, args)


    def _process_args(self, largs, rargs, values):
        """_process_args(largs : [string],
                         rargs : [string],
                         values : Values)

        Process command-line arguments and populate 'values', consuming
        options and arguments from 'rargs'.  If 'allow_interspersed_args' is
        false, stop at the first non-option argument.  If true, accumulate any
        interspersed non-option arguments in 'largs'.
        """
        while rargs:
            arg = rargs[0]
            if arg == '--':
                del rargs[0]
                return None
                continue
            if arg[0:2] == '--':
                self._process_long_opt(rargs, values)
                continue
            if arg[:1] == '-' and len(arg) > 1:
                self._process_short_opts(rargs, values)
                continue
            if self.allow_interspersed_args:
                largs.append(arg)
                del rargs[0]
                continue
            return None


    def _match_long_opt(self, opt):
        """_match_long_opt(opt : string) -> string

        Determine which long option string 'opt' matches, ie. which one
        it is an unambiguous abbrevation for.  Raises BadOptionError if
        'opt' doesn't unambiguously match any long option string.
        """
        return _match_abbrev(opt, self._long_opt)


    def _process_long_opt(self, rargs, values):
        arg = rargs.pop(0)
        if '=' in arg:
            (opt, next_arg) = arg.split('=', 1)
            rargs.insert(0, next_arg)
            had_explicit_value = True
        else:
            opt = arg
            had_explicit_value = False
        opt = self._match_long_opt(opt)
        option = self._long_opt[opt]
        if option.takes_value():
            nargs = option.nargs
            if len(rargs) < nargs:
                if nargs == 1:
                    self.error(_('%s option requires an argument') % opt)
                else:
                    self.error(_('%s option requires %d arguments') % (opt, nargs))
            elif nargs == 1:
                value = rargs.pop(0)
            else:
                value = tuple(rargs[0:nargs])
                del rargs[0:nargs]
        elif had_explicit_value:
            self.error(_('%s option does not take a value') % opt)
        else:
            value = None
        option.process(opt, value, values, self)


    def _process_short_opts(self, rargs, values):
        arg = rargs.pop(0)
        stop = False
        i = 1
        for ch in arg[1:]:
            opt = '-' + ch
            option = self._short_opt.get(opt)
            i += 1
            if not option:
                self.error(_('no such option: %s') % opt)

            if option.takes_value():
                if i < len(arg):
                    rargs.insert(0, arg[i:])
                    stop = True

                nargs = option.nargs
                if len(rargs) < nargs:
                    if nargs == 1:
                        self.error(_('%s option requires an argument') % opt)
                    else:
                        self.error(_('%s option requires %d arguments') % (opt, nargs))
                elif nargs == 1:
                    value = rargs.pop(0)
                else:
                    value = tuple(rargs[0:nargs])
                    del rargs[0:nargs]
            else:
                value = None
            option.process(opt, value, values, self)
            if stop:
                break
                continue



    def get_prog_name(self):
        if self.prog is None:
            return os.path.basename(sys.argv[0])
        else:
            return self.prog


    def expand_prog_name(self, s):
        return s.replace('%prog', self.get_prog_name())


    def get_description(self):
        return self.expand_prog_name(self.description)


    def exit(self, status = 0, msg = None):
        if msg:
            sys.stderr.write(msg)

        sys.exit(status)


    def error(self, msg):
        """error(msg : string)

        Print a usage message incorporating 'msg' to stderr and exit.
        If you override this in a subclass, it should not return -- it
        should either exit or raise an exception.
        """
        self.print_usage(sys.stderr)
        self.exit(2, '%s: error: %s\n' % (self.get_prog_name(), msg))


    def get_usage(self):
        if self.usage:
            return self.formatter.format_usage(self.expand_prog_name(self.usage))
        else:
            return ''


    def print_usage(self, file = None):
        '''print_usage(file : file = stdout)

        Print the usage message for the current program (self.usage) to
        \'file\' (default stdout).  Any occurence of the string "%prog" in
        self.usage is replaced with the name of the current program
        (basename of sys.argv[0]).  Does nothing if self.usage is empty
        or not defined.
        '''
        if self.usage:
            print >>file, self.get_usage()



    def get_version(self):
        if self.version:
            return self.expand_prog_name(self.version)
        else:
            return ''


    def print_version(self, file = None):
        '''print_version(file : file = stdout)

        Print the version message for this program (self.version) to
        \'file\' (default stdout).  As with print_usage(), any occurence
        of "%prog" in self.version is replaced by the current program\'s
        name.  Does nothing if self.version is empty or undefined.
        '''
        if self.version:
            print >>file, self.get_version()



    def format_option_help(self, formatter = None):
        if formatter is None:
            formatter = self.formatter

        formatter.store_option_strings(self)
        result = []
        result.append(formatter.format_heading(_('options')))
        formatter.indent()
        if self.option_list:
            result.append(OptionContainer.format_option_help(self, formatter))
            result.append('\n')

        for group in self.option_groups:
            result.append(group.format_help(formatter))
            result.append('\n')

        formatter.dedent()
        return ''.join(result[:-1])


    def format_help(self, formatter = None):
        if formatter is None:
            formatter = self.formatter

        result = []
        if self.usage:
            result.append(self.get_usage() + '\n')

        if self.description:
            result.append(self.format_description(formatter) + '\n')

        result.append(self.format_option_help(formatter))
        return ''.join(result)


    def print_help(self, file = None):
        """print_help(file : file = stdout)

        Print an extended help message, listing all options and any
        help text provided with them, to 'file' (default stdout).
        """
        if file is None:
            file = sys.stdout

        file.write(self.format_help())



def _match_abbrev(s, wordmap):
    """_match_abbrev(s : string, wordmap : {string : Option}) -> string

    Return the string key in 'wordmap' for which 's' is an unambiguous
    abbreviation.  If 's' is found to be ambiguous or doesn't match any of
    'words', raise BadOptionError.
    """
    if wordmap.has_key(s):
        return s
    else:
        possibilities = _[1]
        if len(possibilities) == 1:
            return possibilities[0]
        elif not possibilities:
            raise BadOptionError(_('no such option: %s') % s)
        else:
            raise BadOptionError(_('ambiguous option: %s (%s?)') % (s, ', '.join(possibilities)))

make_option = Option