Transcription: China's history, dating back more than 4,000 years, is marked by the rise and fall of great dynasties. The earliest, the Shang and Zhou dynasties saw the beginning of Chinese silk-making, writing, and art, including bronze work and carved jade. The Qin Dynasty, from 221 to 206 BC, was short-lived but left a lasting mark. Qin ruler Shi Wangdi created an empire and built the Great Wall to protect to protect China from nomadic invaders. During the Han Dynasty, from 202 BC to 220 AD, the Chinese traded with other civilizations. Goods passed along the Silk Road, stretching to India, the Middle East ...
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