home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
| Unknown | 1992-06-05 | 398.3 KB |
open in: 
MacOS 8.1
|
Win98
|
DOS
view JSON data
|
view as text
This file was not able to be converted.
This format is not currently supported by dexvert.
| Confidence | Program | Detection | Match Type | Support
|
|---|
| 66%
| dexvert
| OS/2 Installation Package (archive/os2InstallPackage)
| ext
| Supported |
| 1%
| dexvert
| BeOS Installation Package (archive/beOSInstallPackage)
| ext
| Unsupported |
| 1%
| dexvert
| Newton Package (archive/newtonPackage)
| ext
| Unsupported |
| 1%
| dexvert
| Independence War 2 mod Package (other/independenceWar2ModPackage)
| ext
| Unsupported |
| 100%
| file
| data
| default
|
|
hex view+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+
|00000000| 1a 44 50 31 2e 31 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 05 64 00 |.DP1.1..|......d.|
|00000010| 00 00 16 00 00 00 30 30 | 00 00 00 01 9c 05 00 00 |......00|........|
|00000020| 9a 0c 00 00 30 31 00 00 | 00 01 36 12 00 00 60 11 |....01..|..6...`.|
|00000030| 00 00 30 32 00 00 00 01 | 96 23 00 00 67 11 00 00 |..02....|.#..g...|
|00000040| 30 33 00 00 00 01 fd 34 | 00 00 af 0e 00 00 30 34 |03.....4|......04|
|00000050| 00 00 00 01 ac 43 00 00 | c0 0a 00 00 30 35 00 00 |.....C..|....05..|
|00000060| 00 01 6c 4e 00 00 a5 10 | 00 00 30 36 00 00 00 01 |..lN....|..06....|
|00000070| 11 5f 00 00 9f 16 00 00 | 30 37 00 00 00 01 b0 75 |._......|07.....u|
|00000080| 00 00 d2 18 00 00 30 38 | 00 00 00 01 82 8e 00 00 |......08|........|
|00000090| 06 20 00 00 30 39 00 00 | 00 01 88 ae 00 00 38 0e |. ..09..|......8.|
|000000a0| 00 00 31 30 00 00 00 01 | c0 bc 00 00 5c 17 00 00 |..10....|....\...|
|000000b0| 31 31 00 00 00 01 1c d4 | 00 00 fe 16 00 00 31 32 |11......|......12|
|000000c0| 00 00 00 01 1a eb 00 00 | 5a 0d 00 00 31 33 00 00 |........|Z...13..|
|000000d0| 00 01 74 f8 00 00 cb 0b | 00 00 31 34 00 00 00 01 |..t.....|..14....|
|000000e0| 3f 04 01 00 27 0c 00 00 | 31 35 00 00 00 01 66 10 |?...'...|15....f.|
|000000f0| 01 00 2c 10 00 00 31 36 | 00 00 00 01 92 20 01 00 |..,...16|..... ..|
|00000100| 6b 0f 00 00 31 37 00 00 | 00 01 fd 2f 01 00 c7 0f |k...17..|.../....|
|00000110| 00 00 31 38 00 00 00 01 | c4 3f 01 00 00 10 00 00 |..18....|.?......|
|00000120| 31 39 00 00 00 01 c4 4f | 01 00 52 12 00 00 32 30 |19.....O|..R...20|
|00000130| 00 00 00 01 16 62 01 00 | 3b 0c 00 00 32 31 00 00 |.....b..|;...21..|
|00000140| 00 01 51 6e 01 00 f9 0c | 00 00 32 32 00 00 00 01 |..Qn....|..22....|
|00000150| 4a 7b 01 00 79 16 00 00 | 32 33 00 00 00 01 c3 91 |J{..y...|23......|
|00000160| 01 00 f2 12 00 00 32 34 | 00 00 00 01 b5 a4 01 00 |......24|........|
|00000170| d2 0e 00 00 32 35 00 00 | 00 01 87 b3 01 00 da 0d |....25..|........|
|00000180| 00 00 32 36 00 00 00 01 | 61 c1 01 00 79 11 00 00 |..26....|a...y...|
|00000190| 32 37 00 00 00 01 da d2 | 01 00 04 21 00 00 32 38 |27......|...!..28|
|000001a0| 00 00 00 01 de f3 01 00 | f9 13 00 00 32 39 00 00 |........|....29..|
|000001b0| 00 01 d7 07 02 00 53 0c | 00 00 33 30 00 00 00 01 |......S.|..30....|
|000001c0| 2a 14 02 00 33 10 00 00 | 33 31 00 00 00 01 5d 24 |*...3...|31....]$|
|000001d0| 02 00 57 12 00 00 33 32 | 00 00 00 01 b4 36 02 00 |..W...32|.....6..|
|000001e0| 94 08 00 00 33 33 00 00 | 00 01 48 3f 02 00 52 14 |....33..|..H?..R.|
|000001f0| 00 00 33 34 00 00 00 01 | 9a 53 02 00 45 12 00 00 |..34....|.S..E...|
|00000200| 33 35 00 00 00 01 df 65 | 02 00 25 0f 00 00 33 36 |35.....e|..%...36|
|00000210| 00 00 00 01 04 75 02 00 | d0 0c 00 00 33 37 00 00 |.....u..|....37..|
|00000220| 00 01 d4 81 02 00 ce 0f | 00 00 33 38 00 00 00 01 |........|..38....|
|00000230| a2 91 02 00 6c 10 00 00 | 33 39 00 00 00 01 0e a2 |....l...|39......|
|00000240| 02 00 8a 0f 00 00 34 30 | 00 00 00 01 98 b1 02 00 |......40|........|
|00000250| e1 09 00 00 34 31 00 00 | 00 01 79 bb 02 00 f6 10 |....41..|..y.....|
|00000260| 00 00 34 32 00 00 00 01 | 6f cc 02 00 60 0e 00 00 |..42....|o...`...|
|00000270| 34 33 00 00 00 01 cf da | 02 00 c5 0e 00 00 34 34 |43......|......44|
|00000280| 00 00 00 01 94 e9 02 00 | cf 0a 00 00 34 35 00 00 |........|....45..|
|00000290| 00 01 63 f4 02 00 79 0c | 00 00 34 36 00 00 00 01 |..c...y.|..46....|
|000002a0| dc 00 03 00 70 0b 00 00 | 34 37 00 00 00 01 4c 0c |....p...|47....L.|
|000002b0| 03 00 68 0f 00 00 34 38 | 00 00 00 01 b4 1b 03 00 |..h...48|........|
|000002c0| f1 12 00 00 34 39 00 00 | 00 01 a5 2e 03 00 aa 0d |....49..|........|
|000002d0| 00 00 35 30 00 00 00 01 | 4f 3c 03 00 35 10 00 00 |..50....|O<..5...|
|000002e0| 35 31 00 00 00 01 84 4c | 03 00 e6 0d 00 00 35 32 |51.....L|......52|
|000002f0| 00 00 00 01 6a 5a 03 00 | ad 0c 00 00 35 33 00 00 |....jZ..|....53..|
|00000300| 00 01 17 67 03 00 a9 0e | 00 00 35 34 00 00 00 01 |...g....|..54....|
|00000310| c0 75 03 00 18 12 00 00 | 35 35 00 00 00 01 d8 87 |.u......|55......|
|00000320| 03 00 60 15 00 00 35 36 | 00 00 00 01 38 9d 03 00 |..`...56|....8...|
|00000330| 6b 16 00 00 35 37 00 00 | 00 01 a3 b3 03 00 79 0f |k...57..|......y.|
|00000340| 00 00 35 38 00 00 00 01 | 1c c3 03 00 47 0c 00 00 |..58....|....G...|
|00000350| 35 39 00 00 00 01 63 cf | 03 00 94 0d 00 00 36 30 |59....c.|......60|
|00000360| 00 00 00 01 f7 dc 03 00 | 41 0d 00 00 36 31 00 00 |........|A...61..|
|00000370| 00 01 38 ea 03 00 3a 0c | 00 00 36 32 00 00 00 01 |..8...:.|..62....|
|00000380| 72 f6 03 00 58 12 00 00 | 36 33 00 00 00 01 ca 08 |r...X...|63......|
|00000390| 04 00 57 0d 00 00 36 34 | 00 00 00 01 21 16 04 00 |..W...64|....!...|
|000003a0| d3 0e 00 00 36 35 00 00 | 00 01 f4 24 04 00 8e 0d |....65..|...$....|
|000003b0| 00 00 36 36 00 00 00 01 | 82 32 04 00 62 15 00 00 |..66....|.2..b...|
|000003c0| 36 37 00 00 00 01 e4 47 | 04 00 3a 0a 00 00 36 38 |67.....G|..:...68|
|000003d0| 00 00 00 01 1e 52 04 00 | 68 0f 00 00 36 39 00 00 |.....R..|h...69..|
|000003e0| 00 01 86 61 04 00 38 0e | 00 00 37 30 00 00 00 01 |...a..8.|..70....|
|000003f0| be 6f 04 00 a8 0f 00 00 | 37 31 00 00 00 01 66 7f |.o......|71....f.|
|00000400| 04 00 8f 10 00 00 37 32 | 00 00 00 01 f5 8f 04 00 |......72|........|
|00000410| 98 0d 00 00 37 33 00 00 | 00 01 8d 9d 04 00 e7 0f |....73..|........|
|00000420| 00 00 37 34 00 00 00 01 | 74 ad 04 00 26 0f 00 00 |..74....|t...&...|
|00000430| 37 35 00 00 00 01 9a bc | 04 00 ae 0f 00 00 37 36 |75......|......76|
|00000440| 00 00 00 01 48 cc 04 00 | 14 0c 00 00 37 37 00 00 |....H...|....77..|
|00000450| 00 01 5c d8 04 00 78 0a | 00 00 37 38 00 00 00 01 |..\...x.|..78....|
|00000460| d4 e2 04 00 dc 14 00 00 | 37 39 00 00 00 01 b0 f7 |........|79......|
|00000470| 04 00 c5 0d 00 00 38 30 | 00 00 00 01 75 05 05 00 |......80|....u...|
|00000480| 7d 11 00 00 38 31 00 00 | 00 01 f2 16 05 00 d0 0d |}...81..|........|
|00000490| 00 00 38 32 00 00 00 01 | c2 24 05 00 5f 0a 00 00 |..82....|.$.._...|
|000004a0| 38 33 00 00 00 01 21 2f | 05 00 b6 11 00 00 38 34 |83....!/|......84|
|000004b0| 00 00 00 01 d7 40 05 00 | 2c 13 00 00 38 35 00 00 |.....@..|,...85..|
|000004c0| 00 01 03 54 05 00 6a 0c | 00 00 38 36 00 00 00 01 |...T..j.|..86....|
|000004d0| 6d 60 05 00 2d 0e 00 00 | 38 37 00 00 00 01 9a 6e |m`..-...|87.....n|
|000004e0| 05 00 59 0b 00 00 38 38 | 00 00 00 01 f3 79 05 00 |..Y...88|.....y..|
|000004f0| 83 0e 00 00 38 39 00 00 | 00 01 76 88 05 00 03 0f |....89..|..v.....|
|00000500| 00 00 39 30 00 00 00 01 | 79 97 05 00 a6 12 00 00 |..90....|y.......|
|00000510| 39 31 00 00 00 01 1f aa | 05 00 79 11 00 00 39 32 |91......|..y...92|
|00000520| 00 00 00 01 98 bb 05 00 | 6a 0b 00 00 39 33 00 00 |........|j...93..|
|00000530| 00 01 02 c7 05 00 e8 12 | 00 00 39 34 00 00 00 01 |........|..94....|
|00000540| ea d9 05 00 c7 0e 00 00 | 39 35 00 00 00 01 b1 e8 |........|95......|
|00000550| 05 00 e8 0d 00 00 39 36 | 00 00 00 01 99 f6 05 00 |......96|........|
|00000560| b5 12 00 00 39 37 00 00 | 00 01 4e 09 06 00 11 0f |....97..|..N.....|
|00000570| 00 00 39 38 00 00 00 01 | 5f 18 06 00 33 11 00 00 |..98....|_...3...|
|00000580| 39 39 00 00 00 01 92 29 | 06 00 a2 0f 00 00 00 00 |99.....)|........|
|00000590| 00 00 00 00 34 39 06 00 | 00 00 00 00 24 55 6e 69 |....49..|....$Uni|
|000005a0| 71 75 65 5f 49 44 7b 59 | 52 42 30 32 32 30 30 7d |que_ID{Y|RB02200}|
|000005b0| 0d 0a 24 54 69 74 6c 65 | 7b 49 6e 74 72 61 76 65 |..$Title|{Intrave|
|000005c0| 6e 6f 75 73 20 50 61 6e | 63 75 72 6f 6e 69 75 6d |nous Pan|curonium|
|000005d0| 20 42 72 6f 6d 69 64 65 | 20 66 6f 72 20 46 65 74 | Bromide| for Fet|
|000005e0| 61 6c 20 4e 65 75 72 6f | 6d 75 73 63 75 6c 61 72 |al Neuro|muscular|
|000005f0| 20 42 6c 6f 63 6b 61 64 | 65 20 44 75 72 69 6e 67 | Blockad|e During|
|00000600| 0d 0a 49 6e 74 72 61 75 | 74 65 72 69 6e 65 20 54 |..Intrau|terine T|
|00000610| 72 61 6e 73 66 75 73 69 | 6f 6e 20 66 6f 72 20 52 |ransfusi|on for R|
|00000620| 65 64 2d 43 65 6c 6c 20 | 41 6c 6c 6f 69 6d 6d 75 |ed-Cell |Alloimmu|
|00000630| 6e 69 7a 61 74 69 6f 6e | 7d 0d 0a 24 41 75 74 68 |nization|}..$Auth|
|00000640| 6f 72 7b 0d 0a 4d 6f 69 | 73 65 2c 20 4b 4a 2c 20 |or{..Moi|se, KJ, |
|00000650| 4a 72 0d 0a 44 65 74 65 | 72 2c 20 52 4c 0d 0a 4b |Jr..Dete|r, RL..K|
|00000660| 69 72 73 68 6f 6e 2c 20 | 42 0d 0a 41 64 61 6d 2c |irshon, |B..Adam,|
|00000670| 20 4b 0d 0a 50 61 74 74 | 6f 6e 2c 20 44 45 0d 0a | K..Patt|on, DE..|
|00000680| 43 61 72 70 65 6e 74 65 | 72 2c 20 52 4a 20 4a 72 |Carpente|r, RJ Jr|
|00000690| 7d 0d 0a 24 41 66 66 69 | 6c 69 61 74 69 6f 6e 7b |}..$Affi|liation{|
|000006a0| 42 61 79 6c 6f 72 20 55 | 6e 69 76 2c 20 48 6f 75 |Baylor U|niv, Hou|
|000006b0| 73 74 6f 6e 7d 0d 0a 24 | 4a 6f 75 72 6e 61 6c 7b |ston}..$|Journal{|
|000006c0| 4f 62 73 74 65 74 20 47 | 79 6e 65 63 6f 6c 7d 0d |Obstet G|ynecol}.|
|000006d0| 0a 24 56 6f 6c 75 6d 65 | 7b 37 34 7d 0d 0a 24 50 |.$Volume|{74}..$P|
|000006e0| 61 67 65 7b 39 30 35 2d | 39 30 38 7d 0d 0a 24 44 |age{905-|908}..$D|
|000006f0| 61 74 65 7b 31 39 38 39 | 7d 0d 0a 24 59 42 56 6f |ate{1989|}..$YBVo|
|00000700| 6c 7b 31 39 39 31 20 59 | 65 61 72 20 42 6f 6f 6b |l{1991 Y|ear Book|
|00000710| 20 6f 66 20 4e 65 6f 6e | 61 74 61 6c 20 61 6e 64 | of Neon|atal and|
|00000720| 20 50 65 72 69 6e 61 74 | 61 6c 20 4d 65 64 69 63 | Perinat|al Medic|
|00000730| 69 6e 65 7d 0d 0a 24 43 | 68 61 70 74 65 72 7b 31 |ine}..$C|hapter{1|
|00000740| 2d 37 7d 0d 0a 24 59 42 | 45 64 69 74 6f 72 7b 44 |-7}..$YB|Editor{D|
|00000750| 72 73 2e 20 4b 6c 61 75 | 73 20 61 6e 64 20 46 61 |rs. Klau|s and Fa|
|00000760| 6e 61 72 6f 66 66 7d 0d | 0a 24 54 61 62 6c 65 7b |naroff}.|.$Table{|
|00000770| 7d 0d 0a 24 43 6f 6d 6d | 65 6e 74 61 74 6f 72 7b |}..$Comm|entator{|
|00000780| 41 2e 41 2e 20 46 61 6e | 61 72 6f 66 66 2c 20 4d |A.A. Fan|aroff, M|
|00000790| 2e 42 2e 42 2e 43 68 2e | 7d 0d 0a 0d 0a 43 6f 70 |.B.B.Ch.|}....Cop|
|000007a0| 79 72 69 67 68 74 20 28 | 43 29 20 59 65 61 72 20 |yright (|C) Year |
|000007b0| 42 6f 6f 6b 20 4d 65 64 | 69 63 61 6c 20 50 75 62 |Book Med|ical Pub|
|000007c0| 6c 69 73 68 65 72 73 2c | 20 49 6e 63 2e 20 31 39 |lishers,| Inc. 19|
|000007d0| 39 31 0d 0a 0d 0a 31 39 | 39 31 20 59 65 61 72 20 |91....19|91 Year |
|000007e0| 42 6f 6f 6b 20 6f 66 20 | 4e 65 6f 6e 61 74 61 6c |Book of |Neonatal|
|000007f0| 20 61 6e 64 20 50 65 72 | 69 6e 61 74 61 6c 20 4d | and Per|inatal M|
|00000800| 65 64 69 63 69 6e 65 0d | 0a 0d 0a 43 68 61 70 74 |edicine.|...Chapt|
|00000810| 65 72 20 20 31 2d 2d 20 | 54 68 65 20 46 65 74 75 |er 1-- |The Fetu|
|00000820| 73 0d 0a 0d 0a 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |s....---|--------|
|00000830| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00000840| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00000850| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00000860| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00000870| 2d 2d 2d 0d 0a 49 6e 74 | 72 61 76 65 6e 6f 75 73 |---..Int|ravenous|
|00000880| 20 50 61 6e 63 75 72 6f | 6e 69 75 6d 20 42 72 6f | Pancuro|nium Bro|
|00000890| 6d 69 64 65 20 66 6f 72 | 20 46 65 74 61 6c 20 4e |mide for| Fetal N|
|000008a0| 65 75 72 6f 6d 75 73 63 | 75 6c 61 72 20 42 6c 6f |euromusc|ular Blo|
|000008b0| 63 6b 61 64 65 20 44 75 | 72 69 6e 67 0d 0a 49 6e |ckade Du|ring..In|
|000008c0| 74 72 61 75 74 65 72 69 | 6e 65 20 54 72 61 6e 73 |trauteri|ne Trans|
|000008d0| 66 75 73 69 6f 6e 20 66 | 6f 72 20 52 65 64 2d 43 |fusion f|or Red-C|
|000008e0| 65 6c 6c 20 41 6c 6c 6f | 69 6d 6d 75 6e 69 7a 61 |ell Allo|immuniza|
|000008f0| 74 69 6f 6e 0d 0a 0d 0a | 4d 6f 69 73 65 20 4b 4a |tion....|Moise KJ|
|00000900| 20 4a 72 3b 20 44 65 74 | 65 72 20 52 4c 3b 20 4b | Jr; Det|er RL; K|
|00000910| 69 72 73 68 6f 6e 20 42 | 3b 20 41 64 61 6d 20 4b |irshon B|; Adam K|
|00000920| 3b 20 50 61 74 74 6f 6e | 20 44 45 3b 20 43 61 72 |; Patton| DE; Car|
|00000930| 70 65 6e 74 65 72 20 52 | 4a 20 4a 72 0d 0a 28 42 |penter R|J Jr..(B|
|00000940| 61 79 6c 6f 72 20 55 6e | 69 76 2c 20 48 6f 75 73 |aylor Un|iv, Hous|
|00000950| 74 6f 6e 29 0d 0a 4f 62 | 73 74 65 74 20 47 79 6e |ton)..Ob|stet Gyn|
|00000960| 65 63 6f 6c 20 37 34 3a | 39 30 35 2d 39 30 38 2c |ecol 74:|905-908,|
|00000970| 20 31 39 38 39 0d 0a 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 1989..-|--------|
|00000980| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00000990| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000009a0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000009b0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000009c0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0d 0a 0d | 0a 41 62 73 74 72 61 63 |-----...|.Abstrac|
|000009d0| 74 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 20 | 20 20 41 64 6d 69 6e 69 |t.... | Admini|
|000009e0| 73 74 72 61 74 69 6f 6e | 20 6f 66 20 6e 65 75 72 |stration| of neur|
|000009f0| 6f 6d 75 73 63 75 6c 61 | 72 20 62 6c 6f 63 6b 69 |omuscula|r blocki|
|00000a00| 6e 67 20 61 67 65 6e 74 | 73 20 64 69 72 65 63 74 |ng agent|s direct|
|00000a10| 6c 79 20 74 6f 20 74 68 | 65 20 66 65 74 75 73 0d |ly to th|e fetus.|
|00000a20| 0a 62 65 66 6f 72 65 20 | 69 6e 74 72 61 75 74 65 |.before |intraute|
|00000a30| 72 69 6e 65 20 70 72 6f | 63 65 64 75 72 65 73 20 |rine pro|cedures |
|00000a40| 68 61 73 20 62 65 63 6f | 6d 65 20 77 69 64 65 6c |has beco|me widel|
|00000a50| 79 20 61 63 63 65 70 74 | 65 64 2e 20 20 49 6e 74 |y accept|ed. Int|
|00000a60| 72 61 76 65 6e 6f 75 73 | 0d 0a 69 6e 6a 65 63 74 |ravenous|..inject|
|00000a70| 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 70 | 61 6e 63 75 72 6f 6e 69 |ion of p|ancuroni|
|00000a80| 75 6d 20 62 72 6f 6d 69 | 64 65 20 69 6e 74 6f 20 |um bromi|de into |
|00000a90| 74 68 65 20 75 6d 62 69 | 6c 69 63 61 6c 20 63 6f |the umbi|lical co|
|00000aa0| 72 64 20 74 6f 20 61 63 | 68 69 65 76 65 20 74 65 |rd to ac|hieve te|
|00000ab0| 6d 70 6f 72 61 72 79 0d | 0a 66 65 74 61 6c 20 70 |mporary.|.fetal p|
|00000ac0| 61 72 61 6c 79 73 69 73 | 20 77 61 73 20 75 73 65 |aralysis| was use|
|00000ad0| 64 20 69 6e 20 31 32 20 | 66 65 74 75 73 65 73 20 |d in 12 |fetuses |
|00000ae0| 74 68 61 74 20 75 6e 64 | 65 72 77 65 6e 74 20 33 |that und|erwent 3|
|00000af0| 34 20 69 6e 74 72 61 75 | 74 65 72 69 6e 65 0d 0a |4 intrau|terine..|
|00000b00| 70 72 6f 63 65 64 75 72 | 65 73 20 66 6f 72 20 74 |procedur|es for t|
|00000b10| 68 65 20 74 72 65 61 74 | 6d 65 6e 74 20 6f 66 20 |he treat|ment of |
|00000b20| 73 65 76 65 72 65 20 72 | 65 64 20 63 65 6c 6c 20 |severe r|ed cell |
|00000b30| 61 6c 6c 6f 69 6d 6d 75 | 6e 69 7a 61 74 69 6f 6e |alloimmu|nization|
|00000b40| 2e 0d 0a 20 20 20 20 20 | 46 65 74 61 6c 20 6e 65 |... |Fetal ne|
|00000b50| 75 72 6f 6d 75 73 63 75 | 6c 61 72 20 62 6c 6f 63 |uromuscu|lar bloc|
|00000b60| 6b 61 64 65 20 77 61 73 | 20 73 75 63 63 65 73 73 |kade was| success|
|00000b70| 66 75 6c 20 69 6e 20 61 | 6c 6c 20 66 65 74 75 73 |ful in a|ll fetus|
|00000b80| 65 73 20 61 6e 64 20 6f | 63 63 75 72 72 65 64 0d |es and o|ccurred.|
|00000b90| 0a 77 69 74 68 69 6e 20 | 33 30 20 73 65 63 6f 6e |.within |30 secon|
|00000ba0| 64 73 20 6f 66 20 69 6e | 6a 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 2e |ds of in|jection.|
|00000bb0| 20 20 54 68 65 20 73 61 | 6d 65 20 69 6e 69 74 69 | The sa|me initi|
|00000bc0| 61 6c 20 64 6f 73 65 2c | 20 2e 32 20 6d 67 2f 6b |al dose,| .2 mg/k|
|00000bd0| 67 20 6f 66 20 66 65 74 | 61 6c 0d 0a 77 65 69 67 |g of fet|al..weig|
|00000be0| 68 74 20 65 73 74 69 6d | 61 74 65 64 20 62 79 20 |ht estim|ated by |
|00000bf0| 75 6c 74 72 61 73 6f 75 | 6e 64 2c 20 77 61 73 20 |ultrasou|nd, was |
|00000c00| 75 73 65 64 20 69 6e 20 | 61 6c 6c 20 66 65 74 75 |used in |all fetu|
|00000c10| 73 65 73 2e 20 20 54 68 | 65 20 6d 6f 73 74 20 69 |ses. Th|e most i|
|00000c20| 6d 70 6f 72 74 61 6e 74 | 0d 0a 66 61 63 74 6f 72 |mportant|..factor|
|00000c30| 73 20 61 66 66 65 63 74 | 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 |s affect|ing the |
|00000c40| 64 75 72 61 74 69 6f 6e | 20 6f 66 20 61 63 74 69 |duration| of acti|
|00000c50| 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 69 6e | 74 72 61 76 65 6e 6f 75 |on of in|travenou|
|00000c60| 73 20 70 61 6e 63 75 72 | 6f 6e 69 75 6d 20 77 65 |s pancur|onium we|
|00000c70| 72 65 0d 0a 61 64 6a 75 | 73 74 65 64 20 64 6f 73 |re..adju|sted dos|
|00000c80| 65 20 61 6e 64 20 66 65 | 74 61 6c 20 68 65 6d 61 |e and fe|tal hema|
|00000c90| 74 6f 63 72 69 74 2c 20 | 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 20 |tocrit, |and the |
|00000ca0| 72 65 6c 61 74 69 6f 6e | 73 68 69 70 20 61 6d 6f |relation|ship amo|
|00000cb0| 6e 67 20 74 68 65 73 65 | 20 33 20 77 61 73 0d 0a |ng these| 3 was..|
|00000cc0| 62 65 73 74 20 64 65 73 | 63 72 69 62 65 64 20 62 |best des|cribed b|
|00000cd0| 79 20 74 68 69 73 20 65 | 71 75 61 74 69 6f 6e 3a |y this e|quation:|
|00000ce0| 20 20 64 75 72 61 74 69 | 6f 6e 20 28 68 6f 75 72 | durati|on (hour|
|00000cf0| 73 29 20 3d 20 35 2e 32 | 34 20 2b 20 31 30 2e 33 |s) = 5.2|4 + 10.3|
|00000d00| 30 20 61 64 6a 75 73 74 | 65 64 0d 0a 64 6f 73 65 |0 adjust|ed..dose|
|00000d10| 20 28 6d 67 2f 6b 67 29 | 20 2d 20 2e 31 36 20 68 | (mg/kg)| - .16 h|
|00000d20| 65 6d 61 74 6f 63 72 69 | 74 20 28 25 29 20 28 52 |ematocri|t (%) (R|
|00000d30| 5e 32 20 3d 20 2e 34 39 | 3b 20 50 20 3c 20 2e 30 |^2 = .49|; P < .0|
|00000d40| 30 31 29 2e 20 20 54 68 | 65 72 65 20 77 65 72 65 |01). Th|ere were|
|00000d50| 20 6e 6f 0d 0a 64 65 6c | 65 74 65 72 69 6f 75 73 | no..del|eterious|
|00000d60| 20 65 66 66 65 63 74 73 | 20 6f 66 20 69 6e 74 72 | effects| of intr|
|00000d70| 61 75 74 65 72 69 6e 65 | 20 70 61 72 61 6c 79 73 |auterine| paralys|
|00000d80| 69 73 20 69 6e 20 74 68 | 65 20 6e 65 6f 6e 61 74 |is in th|e neonat|
|00000d90| 65 73 2e 0d 0a 20 20 20 | 20 20 49 6e 74 72 61 76 |es... | Intrav|
|00000da0| 65 6e 6f 75 73 20 70 61 | 6e 63 75 72 6f 6e 69 75 |enous pa|ncuroniu|
|00000db0| 6d 20 62 72 6f 6d 69 64 | 65 20 69 73 20 61 20 73 |m bromid|e is a s|
|00000dc0| 61 66 65 20 61 6e 64 20 | 65 66 66 65 63 74 69 76 |afe and |effectiv|
|00000dd0| 65 20 6d 65 74 68 6f 64 | 20 66 6f 72 0d 0a 73 75 |e method| for..su|
|00000de0| 73 70 65 6e 64 69 6e 67 | 20 66 65 74 61 6c 20 6d |spending| fetal m|
|00000df0| 6f 76 65 6d 65 6e 74 20 | 64 75 72 69 6e 67 20 69 |ovement |during i|
|00000e00| 6e 74 72 61 75 74 65 72 | 69 6e 65 20 70 72 6f 63 |ntrauter|ine proc|
|00000e10| 65 64 75 72 65 73 20 66 | 6f 72 20 72 65 64 20 63 |edures f|or red c|
|00000e20| 65 6c 6c 0d 0a 61 6c 6c | 6f 69 6d 6d 75 6e 69 7a |ell..all|oimmuniz|
|00000e30| 61 74 69 6f 6e 2e 20 20 | 42 65 63 61 75 73 65 20 |ation. |Because |
|00000e40| 61 6e 65 6d 69 61 20 6d | 61 6b 65 73 20 74 68 65 |anemia m|akes the|
|00000e50| 20 66 65 74 75 73 20 73 | 65 6e 73 69 74 69 76 65 | fetus s|ensitive|
|00000e60| 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 | 65 66 66 65 63 74 73 20 | to the |effects |
|00000e70| 6f 66 0d 0a 70 61 6e 63 | 75 72 6f 6e 69 75 6d 20 |of..panc|uronium |
|00000e80| 62 72 6f 6d 69 64 65 2c | 20 61 20 6c 6f 77 65 72 |bromide,| a lower|
|00000e90| 20 64 6f 73 65 20 73 68 | 6f 75 6c 64 20 62 65 20 | dose sh|ould be |
|00000ea0| 75 73 65 64 20 69 6e 20 | 61 6e 65 6d 69 63 20 69 |used in |anemic i|
|00000eb0| 6e 66 61 6e 74 73 20 74 | 6f 20 61 76 6f 69 64 0d |nfants t|o avoid.|
|00000ec0| 0a 70 72 6f 6c 6f 6e 67 | 65 64 20 6e 65 75 72 6f |.prolong|ed neuro|
|00000ed0| 6d 75 73 63 75 6c 61 72 | 20 62 6c 6f 63 6b 61 64 |muscular| blockad|
|00000ee0| 65 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a 50 6f | 73 74 2d 43 6f 6d 6d 65 |e.....Po|st-Comme|
|00000ef0| 6e 74 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 | 20 20 20 49 74 20 69 73 |nt.... | It is|
|00000f00| 20 74 68 65 20 72 69 67 | 68 74 2c 20 6e 61 79 20 | the rig|ht, nay |
|00000f10| 74 68 65 20 6f 62 6c 69 | 67 61 74 69 6f 6e 2c 20 |the obli|gation, |
|00000f20| 6f 66 20 61 6e 20 61 72 | 6d 63 68 61 69 72 20 63 |of an ar|mchair c|
|00000f30| 72 69 74 69 63 20 74 6f | 20 62 65 0d 0a 63 72 69 |ritic to| be..cri|
|00000f40| 74 69 63 61 6c 2e 20 20 | 54 68 61 74 20 70 61 6e |tical. |That pan|
|00000f50| 63 75 72 6f 6e 69 75 6d | 20 69 73 20 65 66 66 65 |curonium| is effe|
|00000f60| 63 74 69 76 65 20 69 6e | 20 73 75 73 70 65 6e 64 |ctive in| suspend|
|00000f70| 69 6e 67 20 66 65 74 61 | 6c 20 6d 6f 76 65 6d 65 |ing feta|l moveme|
|00000f80| 6e 74 20 69 73 0d 0a 69 | 6e 64 69 73 70 75 74 61 |nt is..i|ndisputa|
|00000f90| 62 6c 65 2e 20 20 57 68 | 65 74 68 65 72 20 69 74 |ble. Wh|ether it|
|00000fa0| 20 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 | 62 65 20 75 73 65 64 20 | should |be used |
|00000fb0| 61 74 20 61 6c 6c 20 66 | 6f 72 20 69 6e 74 72 61 |at all f|or intra|
|00000fc0| 75 74 65 72 69 6e 65 20 | 70 72 6f 63 65 64 75 72 |uterine |procedur|
|00000fd0| 65 73 20 69 73 0d 0a 64 | 65 62 61 74 61 62 6c 65 |es is..d|ebatable|
|00000fe0| 2e 20 20 4d 79 20 69 6d | 70 72 65 73 73 69 6f 6e |. My im|pression|
|00000ff0| 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 72 65 | 6d 65 6d 62 65 72 20 69 |, and re|member i|
|00001000| 74 20 68 61 73 20 62 65 | 65 6e 20 67 61 69 6e 65 |t has be|en gaine|
|00001010| 64 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 74 | 68 65 20 63 6f 6d 66 6f |d from t|he comfo|
|00001020| 72 74 20 6f 66 0d 0a 6d | 79 20 63 68 61 69 72 2c |rt of..m|y chair,|
|00001030| 20 6e 6f 74 20 66 72 6f | 6d 20 74 68 65 20 66 72 | not fro|m the fr|
|00001040| 6f 6e 74 20 6c 69 6e 65 | 73 20 61 74 74 65 6d 70 |ont line|s attemp|
|00001050| 74 69 6e 67 20 61 6e 20 | 69 6e 66 75 73 69 6f 6e |ting an |infusion|
|00001060| 20 6f 6e 20 61 20 6d 6f | 62 69 6c 65 20 74 61 72 | on a mo|bile tar|
|00001070| 67 65 74 2c 0d 0a 69 73 | 20 74 68 61 74 20 69 73 |get,..is| that is|
|00001080| 20 69 73 20 6e 6f 74 20 | 6e 65 63 65 73 73 61 72 | is not |necessar|
|00001090| 79 20 74 6f 20 70 61 72 | 61 6c 79 7a 65 20 74 68 |y to par|alyze th|
|000010a0| 65 20 66 65 74 75 73 2e | 20 20 53 75 70 70 6f 72 |e fetus.| Suppor|
|000010b0| 74 20 66 6f 72 20 74 68 | 69 73 20 73 74 61 6e 64 |t for th|is stand|
|000010c0| 0d 0a 63 6f 6d 65 73 20 | 66 72 6f 6d 20 72 65 70 |..comes |from rep|
|000010d0| 6f 72 74 73 20 6f 66 20 | 6f 74 68 65 72 20 69 6e |orts of |other in|
|000010e0| 76 65 73 74 69 67 61 74 | 6f 72 73 20 77 68 6f 20 |vestigat|ors who |
|000010f0| 6e 6f 74 20 6f 6e 6c 79 | 20 64 69 64 20 6e 6f 74 |not only| did not|
|00001100| 20 69 6d 6d 6f 62 69 6c | 69 7a 65 20 74 68 65 0d | immobil|ize the.|
|00001110| 0a 66 65 74 75 73 20 62 | 75 74 20 65 76 65 6e 20 |.fetus b|ut even |
|00001120| 6c 65 66 74 20 74 68 65 | 20 6e 65 65 64 6c 65 20 |left the| needle |
|00001130| 66 72 65 65 2e 20 20 41 | 74 20 6c 65 61 73 74 20 |free. A|t least |
|00001140| 74 68 65 20 64 61 74 61 | 20 61 72 65 20 61 76 61 |the data| are ava|
|00001150| 69 6c 61 62 6c 65 20 77 | 69 74 68 0d 0a 72 65 67 |ilable w|ith..reg|
|00001160| 61 72 64 20 74 6f 20 74 | 68 65 20 6f 6e 73 65 74 |ard to t|he onset|
|00001170| 20 6f 66 20 61 63 74 69 | 6f 6e 2c 20 64 6f 73 65 | of acti|on, dose|
|00001180| 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 65 78 | 70 65 63 74 65 64 20 64 |, and ex|pected d|
|00001190| 75 72 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 | 6f 66 20 61 63 74 69 6f |uration |of actio|
|000011a0| 6e 2e 20 20 4f 6e 20 74 | 68 65 0d 0a 62 61 73 69 |n. On t|he..basi|
|000011b0| 73 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 | 20 6c 69 6d 69 74 65 64 |s of the| limited|
|000011c0| 20 65 78 70 65 72 69 65 | 6e 63 65 20 74 6f 20 64 | experie|nce to d|
|000011d0| 61 74 65 20 77 69 74 68 | 20 70 61 72 61 6c 79 7a |ate with| paralyz|
|000011e0| 69 6e 67 20 61 67 65 6e | 74 73 20 69 74 20 69 73 |ing agen|ts it is|
|000011f0| 20 70 72 65 6d 61 74 75 | 72 65 0d 0a 74 6f 20 63 | prematu|re..to c|
|00001200| 6f 6e 63 6c 75 64 65 20 | 74 68 61 74 20 69 74 20 |onclude |that it |
|00001210| 69 73 20 22 73 61 66 65 | 2e 22 2d 2d 41 2e 41 2e |is "safe|."--A.A.|
|00001220| 20 46 61 6e 61 72 6f 66 | 66 2c 20 4d 2e 42 2e 42 | Fanarof|f, M.B.B|
|00001230| 2e 43 68 2e 0d 0a 24 55 | 6e 69 71 75 65 5f 49 44 |.Ch...$U|nique_ID|
|00001240| 7b 59 52 42 30 32 32 30 | 31 7d 0d 0a 24 54 69 74 |{YRB0220|1}..$Tit|
|00001250| 6c 65 7b 57 61 74 65 72 | 20 61 6e 64 20 53 61 6c |le{Water| and Sal|
|00001260| 74 20 43 6f 6e 73 65 72 | 76 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 69 |t Conser|vation i|
|00001270| 6e 20 74 68 65 20 48 75 | 6d 61 6e 20 46 65 74 75 |n the Hu|man Fetu|
|00001280| 73 20 61 6e 64 20 4e 65 | 77 62 6f 72 6e 2e 20 20 |s and Ne|wborn. |
|00001290| 49 3a 0d 0a 45 76 69 64 | 65 6e 63 65 20 66 6f 72 |I:..Evid|ence for|
|000012a0| 20 61 20 52 6f 6c 65 20 | 6f 66 20 46 65 74 61 6c | a Role |of Fetal|
|000012b0| 20 50 72 6f 6c 61 63 74 | 69 6e 7d 0d 0a 24 41 75 | Prolact|in}..$Au|
|000012c0| 74 68 6f 72 7b 0d 0a 50 | 75 6c 6c 61 6e 6f 2c 20 |thor{..P|ullano, |
|000012d0| 4a 47 0d 0a 43 6f 68 65 | 6e 2d 41 64 64 61 64 2c |JG..Cohe|n-Addad,|
|000012e0| 20 4e 0d 0a 41 70 75 7a | 7a 69 6f 2c 20 4a 4a 0d | N..Apuz|zio, JJ.|
|000012f0| 0a 47 61 6e 65 73 68 2c | 20 56 4c 0d 0a 4a 6f 73 |.Ganesh,| VL..Jos|
|00001300| 69 6d 6f 76 69 63 68 2c | 20 4a 42 7d 0d 0a 24 41 |imovich,| JB}..$A|
|00001310| 66 66 69 6c 69 61 74 69 | 6f 6e 7b 55 6e 69 76 20 |ffiliati|on{Univ |
|00001320| 6f 66 20 4d 65 64 69 63 | 69 6e 65 20 61 6e 64 20 |of Medic|ine and |
|00001330| 44 65 6e 74 69 73 74 72 | 79 20 6f 66 20 4e 65 77 |Dentistr|y of New|
|00001340| 20 4a 65 72 73 65 79 2d | 4e 65 77 20 4a 65 72 73 | Jersey-|New Jers|
|00001350| 65 79 20 4d 65 64 0d 0a | 53 63 68 6f 6f 6c 2c 20 |ey Med..|School, |
|00001360| 4e 65 77 61 72 6b 7d 0d | 0a 24 4a 6f 75 72 6e 61 |Newark}.|.$Journa|
|00001370| 6c 7b 4a 20 43 6c 69 6e | 20 45 6e 64 6f 63 72 69 |l{J Clin| Endocri|
|00001380| 6e 6f 6c 20 4d 65 74 61 | 62 7d 0d 0a 24 56 6f 6c |nol Meta|b}..$Vol|
|00001390| 75 6d 65 7b 36 39 7d 0d | 0a 24 50 61 67 65 7b 31 |ume{69}.|.$Page{1|
|000013a0| 31 38 30 2d 31 31 38 36 | 7d 0d 0a 24 44 61 74 65 |180-1186|}..$Date|
|000013b0| 7b 31 39 38 39 7d 0d 0a | 24 59 42 56 6f 6c 7b 31 |{1989}..|$YBVol{1|
|000013c0| 39 39 31 20 59 65 61 72 | 20 42 6f 6f 6b 20 6f 66 |991 Year| Book of|
|000013d0| 20 4e 65 6f 6e 61 74 61 | 6c 20 61 6e 64 20 50 65 | Neonata|l and Pe|
|000013e0| 72 69 6e 61 74 61 6c 20 | 4d 65 64 69 63 69 6e 65 |rinatal |Medicine|
|000013f0| 7d 0d 0a 24 43 68 61 70 | 74 65 72 7b 31 2d 38 7d |}..$Chap|ter{1-8}|
|00001400| 0d 0a 24 59 42 45 64 69 | 74 6f 72 7b 44 72 73 2e |..$YBEdi|tor{Drs.|
|00001410| 20 4b 6c 61 75 73 20 61 | 6e 64 20 46 61 6e 61 72 | Klaus a|nd Fanar|
|00001420| 6f 66 66 7d 0d 0a 24 54 | 61 62 6c 65 7b 7d 0d 0a |off}..$T|able{}..|
|00001430| 24 43 6f 6d 6d 65 6e 74 | 61 74 6f 72 7b 7d 0d 0a |$Comment|ator{}..|
|00001440| 0d 0a 43 6f 70 79 72 69 | 67 68 74 20 28 43 29 20 |..Copyri|ght (C) |
|00001450| 59 65 61 72 20 42 6f 6f | 6b 20 4d 65 64 69 63 61 |Year Boo|k Medica|
|00001460| 6c 20 50 75 62 6c 69 73 | 68 65 72 73 2c 20 49 6e |l Publis|hers, In|
|00001470| 63 2e 20 31 39 39 31 0d | 0a 0d 0a 31 39 39 31 20 |c. 1991.|...1991 |
|00001480| 59 65 61 72 20 42 6f 6f | 6b 20 6f 66 20 4e 65 6f |Year Boo|k of Neo|
|00001490| 6e 61 74 61 6c 20 61 6e | 64 20 50 65 72 69 6e 61 |natal an|d Perina|
|000014a0| 74 61 6c 20 4d 65 64 69 | 63 69 6e 65 0d 0a 0d 0a |tal Medi|cine....|
|000014b0| 43 68 61 70 74 65 72 20 | 20 31 2d 2d 20 54 68 65 |Chapter | 1-- The|
|000014c0| 20 46 65 74 75 73 0d 0a | 0d 0a 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | Fetus..|..------|
|000014d0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000014e0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000014f0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00001500| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00001510| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 0d 0a 57 61 74 65 72 20 |--------|..Water |
|00001520| 61 6e 64 20 53 61 6c 74 | 20 43 6f 6e 73 65 72 76 |and Salt| Conserv|
|00001530| 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 69 6e | 20 74 68 65 20 48 75 6d |ation in| the Hum|
|00001540| 61 6e 20 46 65 74 75 73 | 20 61 6e 64 20 4e 65 77 |an Fetus| and New|
|00001550| 62 6f 72 6e 2e 20 20 49 | 3a 20 20 45 76 69 64 65 |born. I|: Evide|
|00001560| 6e 63 65 20 66 6f 72 0d | 0a 61 20 52 6f 6c 65 20 |nce for.|.a Role |
|00001570| 6f 66 20 46 65 74 61 6c | 20 50 72 6f 6c 61 63 74 |of Fetal| Prolact|
|00001580| 69 6e 0d 0a 0d 0a 50 75 | 6c 6c 61 6e 6f 20 4a 47 |in....Pu|llano JG|
|00001590| 3b 20 43 6f 68 65 6e 2d | 41 64 64 61 64 20 4e 3b |; Cohen-|Addad N;|
|000015a0| 20 41 70 75 7a 7a 69 6f | 20 4a 4a 3b 20 47 61 6e | Apuzzio| JJ; Gan|
|000015b0| 65 73 68 20 56 4c 3b 20 | 4a 6f 73 69 6d 6f 76 69 |esh VL; |Josimovi|
|000015c0| 63 68 20 4a 42 0d 0a 28 | 55 6e 69 76 20 6f 66 20 |ch JB..(|Univ of |
|000015d0| 4d 65 64 69 63 69 6e 65 | 20 61 6e 64 20 44 65 6e |Medicine| and Den|
|000015e0| 74 69 73 74 72 79 20 6f | 66 20 4e 65 77 20 4a 65 |tistry o|f New Je|
|000015f0| 72 73 65 79 2d 4e 65 77 | 20 4a 65 72 73 65 79 20 |rsey-New| Jersey |
|00001600| 4d 65 64 20 53 63 68 6f | 6f 6c 2c 20 4e 65 77 61 |Med Scho|ol, Newa|
|00001610| 72 6b 29 0d 0a 4a 20 43 | 6c 69 6e 20 45 6e 64 6f |rk)..J C|lin Endo|
|00001620| 63 72 69 6e 6f 6c 20 4d | 65 74 61 62 20 36 39 3a |crinol M|etab 69:|
|00001630| 31 31 38 30 2d 31 31 38 | 36 2c 20 31 39 38 39 0d |1180-118|6, 1989.|
|00001640| 0a 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |.-------|--------|
|00001650| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00001660| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00001670| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00001680| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0d |--------|-------.|
|00001690| 0a 0d 0a 41 62 73 74 72 | 61 63 74 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 |...Abstr|act.... |
|000016a0| 20 20 20 20 50 72 6f 6c | 61 63 74 69 6e 20 28 50 | Prol|actin (P|
|000016b0| 52 4c 29 20 6d 61 79 20 | 70 6c 61 79 20 61 20 72 |RL) may |play a r|
|000016c0| 6f 6c 65 20 69 6e 20 6d | 61 69 6e 74 61 69 6e 69 |ole in m|aintaini|
|000016d0| 6e 67 20 6f 73 6d 6f 74 | 69 63 20 65 71 75 69 6c |ng osmot|ic equil|
|000016e0| 69 62 72 69 75 6d 20 69 | 6e 20 74 68 65 0d 0a 66 |ibrium i|n the..f|
|000016f0| 65 74 75 73 2e 20 20 49 | 6e 20 74 68 69 73 20 73 |etus. I|n this s|
|00001700| 74 75 64 79 2c 20 74 68 | 65 20 73 70 65 63 69 66 |tudy, th|e specif|
|00001710| 69 63 20 72 6f 6c 65 20 | 6f 66 20 66 65 74 61 6c |ic role |of fetal|
|00001720| 20 50 52 4c 20 69 6e 20 | 68 75 6d 61 6e 20 66 65 | PRL in |human fe|
|00001730| 74 61 6c 20 61 6e 64 0d | 0a 6e 65 6f 6e 61 74 61 |tal and.|.neonata|
|00001740| 6c 20 73 61 6c 74 20 61 | 6e 64 20 77 61 74 65 72 |l salt a|nd water|
|00001750| 20 63 6f 6e 73 65 72 76 | 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 77 61 | conserv|ation wa|
|00001760| 73 20 65 76 61 6c 75 61 | 74 65 64 20 69 6e 20 39 |s evalua|ted in 9|
|00001770| 34 20 77 6f 6d 65 6e 20 | 77 69 74 68 0d 0a 75 6e |4 women |with..un|
|00001780| 63 6f 6d 70 6c 69 63 61 | 74 65 64 20 70 72 65 67 |complica|ted preg|
|00001790| 6e 61 6e 63 69 65 73 20 | 77 68 6f 20 64 65 6c 69 |nancies |who deli|
|000017a0| 76 65 72 65 64 20 61 74 | 20 33 34 20 74 6f 20 34 |vered at| 34 to 4|
|000017b0| 34 20 77 65 65 6b 73 27 | 20 67 65 73 74 61 74 69 |4 weeks'| gestati|
|000017c0| 6f 6e 2e 0d 0a 55 6c 74 | 72 61 73 6f 6e 69 63 20 |on...Ult|rasonic |
|000017d0| 65 73 74 69 6d 61 74 69 | 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 61 6d |estimati|on of am|
|000017e0| 6e 69 6f 74 69 63 20 66 | 6c 75 69 64 20 28 41 46 |niotic f|luid (AF|
|000017f0| 29 20 76 6f 6c 75 6d 65 | 20 61 6e 64 20 73 61 6d |) volume| and sam|
|00001800| 70 6c 69 6e 67 20 6f 66 | 20 6d 61 74 65 72 6e 61 |pling of| materna|
|00001810| 6c 0d 0a 62 6c 6f 6f 64 | 2c 20 41 46 2c 20 63 6f |l..blood|, AF, co|
|00001820| 72 64 20 62 6c 6f 6f 64 | 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 32 2d |rd blood|, and 2-|
|00001830| 68 6f 75 72 20 6e 65 6f | 6e 61 74 61 6c 20 62 6c |hour neo|natal bl|
|00001840| 6f 6f 64 20 77 65 72 65 | 20 70 65 72 66 6f 72 6d |ood were| perform|
|00001850| 65 64 20 74 6f 20 61 6e | 61 6c 79 7a 65 0d 0a 50 |ed to an|alyze..P|
|00001860| 52 4c 2c 20 6f 73 6d 6f | 6c 61 6c 69 74 79 2c 20 |RL, osmo|lality, |
|00001870| 73 6f 64 69 75 6d 20 69 | 6f 6e 20 63 6f 6e 63 65 |sodium i|on conce|
|00001880| 6e 74 72 61 74 69 6f 6e | 73 2c 20 68 65 6d 61 74 |ntration|s, hemat|
|00001890| 6f 63 72 69 74 2c 20 74 | 6f 74 61 6c 20 73 65 72 |ocrit, t|otal ser|
|000018a0| 75 6d 20 73 6f 6c 69 64 | 73 2c 0d 0a 61 6e 64 20 |um solid|s,..and |
|000018b0| 74 6f 74 61 6c 20 70 72 | 6f 74 65 69 6e 20 63 6f |total pr|otein co|
|000018c0| 6e 63 65 6e 74 72 61 74 | 69 6f 6e 73 2e 0d 0a 20 |ncentrat|ions... |
|000018d0| 20 20 20 20 54 68 65 72 | 65 20 77 61 73 20 61 20 | Ther|e was a |
|000018e0| 6c 61 63 6b 20 6f 66 20 | 63 6f 72 72 65 6c 61 74 |lack of |correlat|
|000018f0| 69 6f 6e 20 62 65 74 77 | 65 65 6e 20 67 65 73 74 |ion betw|een gest|
|00001900| 61 74 69 6f 6e 61 6c 20 | 61 67 65 20 61 6e 64 20 |ational |age and |
|00001910| 66 65 74 61 6c 20 50 52 | 4c 2c 0d 0a 68 65 6d 61 |fetal PR|L,..hema|
|00001920| 74 6f 63 72 69 74 2c 20 | 74 6f 74 61 6c 20 73 65 |tocrit, |total se|
|00001930| 72 75 6d 20 73 6f 6c 69 | 64 73 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 |rum soli|ds, and |
|00001940| 74 6f 74 61 6c 20 70 72 | 6f 74 65 69 6e 20 63 6f |total pr|otein co|
|00001950| 6e 63 65 6e 74 72 61 74 | 69 6f 6e 73 2e 20 20 54 |ncentrat|ions. T|
|00001960| 68 65 72 65 20 77 61 73 | 20 61 0d 0a 73 69 67 6e |here was| a..sign|
|00001970| 69 66 69 63 61 6e 74 20 | 63 6f 72 72 65 6c 61 74 |ificant |correlat|
|00001980| 69 6f 6e 20 62 65 74 77 | 65 65 6e 20 6d 61 74 65 |ion betw|een mate|
|00001990| 72 6e 61 6c 20 61 6e 64 | 20 66 65 74 61 6c 20 63 |rnal and| fetal c|
|000019a0| 6f 72 64 20 73 65 72 75 | 6d 20 6f 73 6d 6f 6c 61 |ord seru|m osmola|
|000019b0| 6c 69 74 79 20 61 6e 64 | 0d 0a 73 6f 64 69 75 6d |lity and|..sodium|
|000019c0| 20 69 6f 6e 20 63 6f 6e | 63 65 6e 74 72 61 74 69 | ion con|centrati|
|000019d0| 6f 6e 73 2c 20 61 73 20 | 77 65 6c 6c 20 61 73 20 |ons, as |well as |
|000019e0| 70 61 72 61 6c 6c 65 6c | 20 63 68 61 6e 67 65 73 |parallel| changes|
|000019f0| 20 69 6e 20 63 6f 72 64 | 20 62 6c 6f 6f 64 0d 0a | in cord| blood..|
|00001a00| 68 65 6d 61 74 6f 63 72 | 69 74 2c 20 74 6f 74 61 |hematocr|it, tota|
|00001a10| 6c 20 73 65 72 75 6d 20 | 73 6f 6c 69 64 73 2c 20 |l serum |solids, |
|00001a20| 61 6e 64 20 74 6f 74 61 | 6c 20 70 72 6f 74 65 69 |and tota|l protei|
|00001a30| 6e 20 63 6f 6e 63 65 6e | 74 72 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 |n concen|trations|
|00001a40| 2e 20 20 54 68 65 72 65 | 20 77 61 73 0d 0a 72 65 |. There| was..re|
|00001a50| 64 75 63 65 64 20 65 73 | 74 69 6d 61 74 65 64 20 |duced es|timated |
|00001a60| 41 46 20 76 6f 6c 75 6d | 65 20 61 6e 64 20 69 6e |AF volum|e and in|
|00001a70| 63 72 65 61 73 65 64 20 | 41 46 20 6f 73 6d 6f 6c |creased |AF osmol|
|00001a80| 61 6c 69 74 79 20 69 6e | 20 74 68 65 20 66 61 63 |ality in| the fac|
|00001a90| 65 20 6f 66 0d 0a 65 6c | 65 76 61 74 65 64 20 63 |e of..el|evated c|
|00001aa0| 6f 72 64 20 73 65 72 75 | 6d 20 6f 73 6d 6f 6c 61 |ord seru|m osmola|
|00001ab0| 6c 69 74 79 20 61 6e 64 | 20 73 6f 64 69 75 6d 20 |lity and| sodium |
|00001ac0| 69 6f 6e 20 63 6f 6e 63 | 65 6e 74 72 61 74 69 6f |ion conc|entratio|
|00001ad0| 6e 73 2e 20 20 41 20 73 | 68 69 66 74 20 74 6f 77 |ns. A s|hift tow|
|00001ae0| 61 72 64 0d 0a 6e 6f 72 | 6d 61 6c 20 63 6f 72 64 |ard..nor|mal cord|
|00001af0| 20 68 65 6d 61 74 6f 63 | 72 69 74 20 61 6e 64 20 | hematoc|rit and |
|00001b00| 74 6f 74 61 6c 20 73 65 | 72 75 6d 20 73 6f 6c 69 |total se|rum soli|
|00001b10| 64 73 20 77 61 73 20 6f | 62 73 65 72 76 65 64 20 |ds was o|bserved |
|00001b20| 6f 76 65 72 20 74 68 65 | 20 66 69 72 73 74 20 32 |over the| first 2|
|00001b30| 0d 0a 68 6f 75 72 73 20 | 6f 66 20 6e 65 6f 6e 61 |..hours |of neona|
|00001b40| 74 61 6c 20 6c 69 66 65 | 20 61 66 74 65 72 20 61 |tal life| after a|
|00001b50| 6e 20 69 6e 69 74 69 61 | 6c 6c 79 20 69 6e 63 72 |n initia|lly incr|
|00001b60| 65 61 73 65 64 20 6f 72 | 20 64 65 63 72 65 61 73 |eased or| decreas|
|00001b70| 65 64 20 63 6f 72 64 20 | 73 65 72 75 6d 0d 0a 6f |ed cord |serum..o|
|00001b80| 73 6d 6f 6c 61 6c 69 74 | 79 2c 20 73 6f 64 69 75 |smolalit|y, sodiu|
|00001b90| 6d 20 69 6f 6e 20 63 6f | 6e 63 65 6e 74 72 61 74 |m ion co|ncentrat|
|00001ba0| 69 6f 6e 73 2c 20 68 65 | 6d 61 74 6f 63 72 69 74 |ions, he|matocrit|
|00001bb0| 2c 20 6f 72 20 74 6f 74 | 61 6c 20 73 65 72 75 6d |, or tot|al serum|
|00001bc0| 20 73 6f 6c 69 64 73 2e | 20 20 41 0d 0a 70 6f 73 | solids.| A..pos|
|00001bd0| 69 74 69 76 65 20 63 6f | 72 72 65 6c 61 74 69 6f |itive co|rrelatio|
|00001be0| 6e 20 77 61 73 20 6f 62 | 73 65 72 76 65 64 20 66 |n was ob|served f|
|00001bf0| 6f 72 20 50 52 4c 20 6c | 65 76 65 6c 73 20 6f 66 |or PRL l|evels of|
|00001c00| 20 32 33 30 20 20 6d 75 | 5f 67 2f 4c 20 6f 72 20 | 230 mu|_g/L or |
|00001c10| 6c 65 73 73 20 61 6e 64 | 0d 0a 63 6f 72 64 20 73 |less and|..cord s|
|00001c20| 65 72 75 6d 20 6f 73 6d | 6f 6c 61 6c 69 74 79 2c |erum osm|olality,|
|00001c30| 20 73 6f 64 69 75 6d 20 | 69 6f 6e 20 63 6f 6e 63 | sodium |ion conc|
|00001c40| 65 6e 74 72 61 74 69 6f | 6e 73 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 |entratio|ns, and |
|00001c50| 68 65 6d 61 74 6f 63 72 | 69 74 2e 20 20 54 68 65 |hematocr|it. The|
|00001c60| 20 65 6e 74 69 72 65 0d | 0a 72 61 6e 67 65 20 6f | entire.|.range o|
|00001c70| 66 20 63 6f 72 64 20 73 | 65 72 75 6d 20 50 52 4c |f cord s|erum PRL|
|00001c80| 20 6c 65 76 65 6c 73 20 | 63 6f 72 72 65 6c 61 74 | levels |correlat|
|00001c90| 65 64 20 70 6f 73 69 74 | 69 76 65 6c 79 20 77 69 |ed posit|ively wi|
|00001ca0| 74 68 20 63 68 61 6e 67 | 65 73 20 69 6e 20 41 46 |th chang|es in AF|
|00001cb0| 0d 0a 6f 73 6d 6f 6c 61 | 6c 69 74 79 20 61 6e 64 |..osmola|lity and|
|00001cc0| 20 73 6f 64 69 75 6d 20 | 69 6f 6e 20 63 6f 6e 63 | sodium |ion conc|
|00001cd0| 65 6e 74 72 61 74 69 6f | 6e 73 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 |entratio|ns, and |
|00001ce0| 69 6e 76 65 72 73 65 6c | 79 20 77 69 74 68 20 6e |inversel|y with n|
|00001cf0| 65 6f 6e 61 74 61 6c 20 | 63 68 61 6e 67 65 73 0d |eonatal |changes.|
|00001d00| 0a 69 6e 20 68 65 6d 61 | 74 6f 63 72 69 74 20 61 |.in hema|tocrit a|
|00001d10| 6e 64 20 74 6f 74 61 6c | 20 73 65 72 75 6d 20 73 |nd total| serum s|
|00001d20| 6f 6c 69 64 73 2e 0d 0a | 20 20 20 20 20 4f 73 6d |olids...| Osm|
|00001d30| 6f 74 69 63 20 65 71 75 | 69 6c 69 62 72 69 75 6d |otic equ|ilibrium|
|00001d40| 20 65 78 69 73 74 73 20 | 62 65 74 77 65 65 6e 20 | exists |between |
|00001d50| 6d 61 74 65 72 6e 61 6c | 20 61 6e 64 20 66 65 74 |maternal| and fet|
|00001d60| 61 6c 20 63 69 72 63 75 | 6c 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 2c |al circu|lations,|
|00001d70| 20 61 6e 64 0d 0a 61 6e | 79 20 64 69 73 74 75 72 | and..an|y distur|
|00001d80| 62 61 6e 63 65 73 20 69 | 6e 20 74 68 69 73 20 62 |bances i|n this b|
|00001d90| 61 6c 61 6e 63 65 20 6c | 65 61 64 20 74 6f 20 63 |alance l|ead to c|
|00001da0| 68 61 6e 67 65 73 20 69 | 6e 20 66 65 74 61 6c 20 |hanges i|n fetal |
|00001db0| 61 6e 64 20 6e 65 6f 6e | 61 74 61 6c 20 77 61 74 |and neon|atal wat|
|00001dc0| 65 72 0d 0a 65 78 63 72 | 65 74 69 6f 6e 2e 20 20 |er..excr|etion. |
|00001dd0| 54 68 65 20 73 69 67 6e | 61 6c 20 66 6f 72 20 66 |The sign|al for f|
|00001de0| 65 74 61 6c 20 50 52 4c | 20 73 65 63 72 65 74 69 |etal PRL| secreti|
|00001df0| 6f 6e 20 61 70 70 65 61 | 72 73 20 74 6f 20 62 65 |on appea|rs to be|
|00001e00| 20 63 6f 72 64 20 73 65 | 72 75 6d 0d 0a 6f 73 6d | cord se|rum..osm|
|00001e10| 6f 6c 61 6c 69 74 79 20 | 6f 72 20 73 6f 64 69 75 |olality |or sodiu|
|00001e20| 6d 20 69 6f 6e 20 63 6f | 6e 63 65 6e 74 72 61 74 |m ion co|ncentrat|
|00001e30| 69 6f 6e 73 2e 20 20 46 | 65 74 61 6c 20 50 52 4c |ions. F|etal PRL|
|00001e40| 20 61 6c 73 6f 20 70 72 | 6f 76 69 64 65 73 20 73 | also pr|ovides s|
|00001e50| 75 73 74 61 69 6e 65 64 | 0d 0a 61 6e 74 69 64 69 |ustained|..antidi|
|00001e60| 75 72 65 74 69 63 20 65 | 66 66 65 63 74 20 69 6e |uretic e|ffect in|
|00001e70| 20 74 68 65 20 6e 65 77 | 62 6f 72 6e 20 70 65 72 | the new|born per|
|00001e80| 69 6f 64 20 74 68 61 74 | 20 6c 65 61 64 73 20 74 |iod that| leads t|
|00001e90| 6f 20 72 65 73 74 6f 72 | 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 |o restor|ation of|
|00001ea0| 20 74 68 65 0d 0a 6e 65 | 6f 6e 61 74 65 27 73 20 | the..ne|onate's |
|00001eb0| 65 78 74 72 61 63 65 6c | 6c 75 6c 61 72 20 66 6c |extracel|lular fl|
|00001ec0| 75 69 64 20 76 6f 6c 75 | 6d 65 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a 50 |uid volu|me.....P|
|00001ed0| 6f 73 74 2d 43 6f 6d 6d | 65 6e 74 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 |ost-Comm|ent.... |
|00001ee0| 20 20 20 20 54 68 65 20 | 66 65 74 75 73 2c 20 6f | The |fetus, o|
|00001ef0| 72 64 69 6e 61 72 69 6c | 79 20 73 75 72 72 6f 75 |rdinaril|y surrou|
|00001f00| 6e 64 65 64 20 62 79 20 | 61 6e 20 61 62 75 6e 64 |nded by |an abund|
|00001f10| 61 6e 63 65 20 6f 66 20 | 77 61 74 65 72 2c 20 64 |ance of |water, d|
|00001f20| 6f 65 73 20 6e 6f 74 20 | 6e 65 65 64 0d 0a 74 6f |oes not |need..to|
|00001f30| 20 63 6f 6e 73 65 72 76 | 65 20 77 61 74 65 72 2e | conserv|e water.|
|00001f40| 20 20 4f 6e 20 74 68 65 | 20 6f 74 68 65 72 20 68 | On the| other h|
|00001f50| 61 6e 64 2c 20 74 68 65 | 20 69 6e 74 69 6d 61 74 |and, the| intimat|
|00001f60| 65 20 72 65 6c 61 74 69 | 6f 6e 73 68 69 70 20 62 |e relati|onship b|
|00001f70| 65 74 77 65 65 6e 20 74 | 68 65 20 33 0d 0a 63 6f |etween t|he 3..co|
|00001f80| 6d 70 61 72 74 6d 65 6e | 74 73 20 72 65 6e 64 65 |mpartmen|ts rende|
|00001f90| 72 73 20 74 68 65 20 66 | 65 74 75 73 20 76 75 6c |rs the f|etus vul|
|00001fa0| 6e 65 72 61 62 6c 65 20 | 74 6f 20 77 61 74 65 72 |nerable |to water|
|00001fb0| 20 6c 6f 73 73 20 69 6e | 20 74 68 65 20 66 61 63 | loss in| the fac|
|00001fc0| 65 20 6f 66 0d 0a 6d 61 | 74 65 72 6e 61 6c 20 68 |e of..ma|ternal h|
|00001fd0| 79 70 65 72 6f 73 6d 6f | 6c 61 72 20 64 65 68 79 |yperosmo|lar dehy|
|00001fe0| 64 72 61 74 69 6f 6e 2e | 20 20 54 68 69 73 20 69 |dration.| This i|
|00001ff0| 73 20 61 6e 20 69 6e 74 | 65 72 65 73 74 69 6e 67 |s an int|eresting|
|00002000| 20 6d 75 6c 74 69 70 75 | 72 70 6f 73 65 0d 0a 72 | multipu|rpose..r|
|00002010| 65 70 6f 72 74 2e 20 20 | 46 69 72 73 74 2c 20 69 |eport. |First, i|
|00002020| 74 20 63 6f 6e 66 69 72 | 6d 73 20 65 61 72 6c 69 |t confir|ms earli|
|00002030| 65 72 20 73 74 75 64 69 | 65 73 20 63 6f 72 72 65 |er studi|es corre|
|00002040| 6c 61 74 69 6e 67 20 6d | 61 74 65 72 6e 61 6c 20 |lating m|aternal |
|00002050| 61 6e 64 20 66 65 74 61 | 6c 0d 0a 63 6f 72 64 20 |and feta|l..cord |
|00002060| 73 65 72 75 6d 20 6f 73 | 6d 6f 6c 61 6c 69 74 79 |serum os|molality|
|00002070| 20 77 69 74 68 20 61 20 | 73 6c 69 67 68 74 6c 79 | with a |slightly|
|00002080| 20 68 69 67 68 65 72 20 | 76 61 6c 75 65 20 69 6e | higher |value in|
|00002090| 20 74 68 65 20 66 65 74 | 61 6c 20 63 6f 6d 70 61 | the fet|al compa|
|000020a0| 72 74 6d 65 6e 74 2e 0d | 0a 54 68 65 6e 20 69 74 |rtment..|.Then it|
|000020b0| 20 61 64 64 73 20 6e 65 | 77 20 64 61 74 61 20 63 | adds ne|w data c|
|000020c0| 6f 6e 63 65 72 6e 69 6e | 67 20 74 68 65 20 69 6d |oncernin|g the im|
|000020d0| 70 6f 72 74 61 6e 63 65 | 20 6f 66 20 66 65 74 61 |portance| of feta|
|000020e0| 6c 20 70 69 74 75 69 74 | 61 72 79 20 50 52 4c 20 |l pituit|ary PRL |
|000020f0| 69 6e 0d 0a 6f 73 6d 6f | 72 65 67 75 6c 61 74 69 |in..osmo|regulati|
|00002100| 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 74 68 | 65 20 68 75 6d 61 6e 20 |on of th|e human |
|00002110| 66 65 74 75 73 20 61 6e | 64 20 6e 65 77 62 6f 72 |fetus an|d newbor|
|00002120| 6e 20 61 74 20 74 65 72 | 6d 2e 20 20 54 68 65 20 |n at ter|m. The |
|00002130| 63 6f 72 64 20 73 65 72 | 75 6d 0d 0a 6f 73 6d 6f |cord ser|um..osmo|
|00002140| 6c 61 6c 69 74 79 20 69 | 73 20 61 20 73 69 67 6e |lality i|s a sign|
|00002150| 61 6c 20 66 6f 72 20 50 | 52 4c 20 72 65 6c 65 61 |al for P|RL relea|
|00002160| 73 65 20 61 6e 64 20 50 | 52 4c 20 68 61 73 20 61 |se and P|RL has a|
|00002170| 6e 20 61 6e 74 69 64 69 | 75 72 65 74 69 63 20 65 |n antidi|uretic e|
|00002180| 66 66 65 63 74 2e 0d 0a | 46 69 6e 61 6c 6c 79 2c |ffect...|Finally,|
|00002190| 20 74 68 65 20 6e 65 78 | 74 20 6c 6f 67 69 63 61 | the nex|t logica|
|000021a0| 6c 20 73 65 72 69 65 73 | 20 6f 66 20 65 78 70 65 |l series| of expe|
|000021b0| 72 69 6d 65 6e 74 73 20 | 61 72 65 20 64 65 66 69 |riments |are defi|
|000021c0| 6e 65 64 2e 20 20 57 65 | 20 72 65 63 6f 67 6e 69 |ned. We| recogni|
|000021d0| 7a 65 20 68 6f 77 0d 0a | 66 69 6e 65 6c 79 20 74 |ze how..|finely t|
|000021e0| 68 65 20 66 6c 75 69 64 | 20 62 61 6c 61 6e 63 65 |he fluid| balance|
|000021f0| 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 | 66 65 74 75 73 20 69 73 | of the |fetus is|
|00002200| 20 6f 72 63 68 65 73 74 | 72 61 74 65 64 20 61 6e | orchest|rated an|
|00002210| 64 20 68 6f 77 20 74 68 | 65 0d 0a 72 65 67 75 6c |d how th|e..regul|
|00002220| 61 74 6f 72 79 2d 63 6f | 75 6e 74 65 72 72 65 67 |atory-co|unterreg|
|00002230| 75 6c 61 74 6f 72 79 20 | 6d 65 63 68 61 6e 69 73 |ulatory |mechanis|
|00002240| 6d 73 20 74 6f 20 6d 61 | 69 6e 74 61 69 6e 20 69 |ms to ma|intain i|
|00002250| 6e 74 72 61 76 61 73 63 | 75 6c 61 72 20 76 6f 6c |ntravasc|ular vol|
|00002260| 75 6d 65 20 61 72 65 0d | 0a 61 6c 6c 20 66 75 6c |ume are.|.all ful|
|00002270| 6c 79 20 74 65 73 74 65 | 64 20 61 6e 64 20 6f 70 |ly teste|d and op|
|00002280| 65 72 61 74 69 6f 6e 61 | 6c 20 62 65 66 6f 72 65 |erationa|l before|
|00002290| 20 64 65 6c 69 76 65 72 | 79 2e 20 20 53 65 65 20 | deliver|y. See |
|000022a0| 61 6c 73 6f 20 41 62 73 | 74 72 61 63 74 20 31 2d |also Abs|tract 1-|
|000022b0| 31 31 2e 0d 0a 20 20 20 | 20 20 57 68 61 74 20 61 |11... | What a|
|000022c0| 6d 20 49 2c 20 4c 69 66 | 65 3f 20 20 41 20 74 68 |m I, Lif|e? A th|
|000022d0| 69 6e 67 20 6f 66 20 77 | 61 74 65 72 79 20 73 61 |ing of w|atery sa|
|000022e0| 6c 74 20 48 65 6c 64 20 | 69 6e 20 63 6f 68 65 73 |lt Held |in cohes|
|000022f0| 69 6f 6e 20 62 79 20 75 | 6e 72 65 73 74 69 6e 67 |ion by u|nresting|
|00002300| 0d 0a 63 65 6c 6c 73 2c | 20 57 68 69 63 68 20 77 |..cells,| Which w|
|00002310| 6f 72 6b 20 74 68 65 79 | 20 6b 6e 6f 77 20 6e 6f |ork they| know no|
|00002320| 74 20 77 68 79 2c 20 77 | 68 69 63 68 20 6e 65 76 |t why, w|hich nev|
|00002330| 65 72 20 68 61 6c 74 2c | 20 4d 79 73 65 6c 66 20 |er halt,| Myself |
|00002340| 75 6e 77 69 74 74 69 6e | 67 20 77 68 65 72 65 0d |unwittin|g where.|
|00002350| 0a 74 68 65 69 72 20 6d | 61 73 74 65 72 20 64 77 |.their m|aster dw|
|00002360| 65 6c 6c 73 2e 2d 2d 4a | 6f 68 6e 20 4d 61 73 65 |ells.--J|ohn Mase|
|00002370| 66 69 65 6c 64 0d 0a 20 | 20 20 20 20 41 2e 41 2e |field.. | A.A.|
|00002380| 20 46 61 6e 61 72 6f 66 | 66 2c 20 4d 2e 42 2e 42 | Fanarof|f, M.B.B|
|00002390| 2e 43 68 2e 0d 0a 24 55 | 6e 69 71 75 65 5f 49 44 |.Ch...$U|nique_ID|
|000023a0| 7b 59 52 42 30 32 32 30 | 32 7d 0d 0a 24 54 69 74 |{YRB0220|2}..$Tit|
|000023b0| 6c 65 7b 42 65 6e 65 66 | 69 74 73 20 6f 66 20 50 |le{Benef|its of P|
|000023c0| 6c 61 63 65 6e 74 61 6c | 20 42 69 6f 70 73 69 65 |lacental| Biopsie|
|000023d0| 73 20 66 6f 72 20 52 61 | 70 69 64 20 4b 61 72 79 |s for Ra|pid Kary|
|000023e0| 6f 74 79 70 69 6e 67 20 | 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 53 |otyping |in the S|
|000023f0| 65 63 6f 6e 64 20 61 6e | 64 0d 0a 54 68 69 72 64 |econd an|d..Third|
|00002400| 20 54 72 69 6d 65 73 74 | 65 72 73 20 28 4c 61 74 | Trimest|ers (Lat|
|00002410| 65 20 43 68 6f 72 69 6f | 6e 69 63 20 56 69 6c 6c |e Chorio|nic Vill|
|00002420| 75 73 20 53 61 6d 70 6c | 69 6e 67 29 20 69 6e 20 |us Sampl|ing) in |
|00002430| 48 69 67 68 2d 52 69 73 | 6b 20 50 72 65 67 6e 61 |High-Ris|k Pregna|
|00002440| 6e 63 69 65 73 7d 0d 0a | 24 41 75 74 68 6f 72 7b |ncies}..|$Author{|
|00002450| 0d 0a 48 6f 6c 7a 67 72 | 65 76 65 2c 20 57 0d 0a |..Holzgr|eve, W..|
|00002460| 4d 69 6e 79 2c 20 50 0d | 0a 47 65 72 6c 61 63 68 |Miny, P.|.Gerlach|
|00002470| 2c 20 42 0d 0a 57 65 73 | 74 65 6e 64 6f 72 70 2c |, B..Wes|tendorp,|
|00002480| 20 41 0d 0a 41 68 6c 65 | 72 74 2c 20 44 0d 0a 48 | A..Ahle|rt, D..H|
|00002490| 6f 72 73 74 2c 20 4a 7d | 0d 0a 24 41 66 66 69 6c |orst, J}|..$Affil|
|000024a0| 69 61 74 69 6f 6e 7b 5a | 65 6e 74 72 75 6d 20 66 |iation{Z|entrum f|
|000024b0| 75 72 20 46 72 61 75 65 | 6e 68 65 69 6c 6b 75 6e |ur Fraue|nheilkun|
|000024c0| 64 65 3b 20 57 65 73 74 | 66 61 6c 69 73 63 68 65 |de; West|falische|
|000024d0| 20 57 69 6c 68 65 6c 6d | 73 2d 55 6e 69 76 2c 20 | Wilhelm|s-Univ, |
|000024e0| 4d 75 6e 73 74 65 72 2c | 0d 0a 47 65 72 6d 61 6e |Munster,|..German|
|000024f0| 79 7d 0d 0a 24 4a 6f 75 | 72 6e 61 6c 7b 41 6d 20 |y}..$Jou|rnal{Am |
|00002500| 4a 20 4f 62 73 74 65 74 | 20 47 79 6e 65 63 6f 6c |J Obstet| Gynecol|
|00002510| 7d 0d 0a 24 56 6f 6c 75 | 6d 65 7b 31 36 32 7d 0d |}..$Volu|me{162}.|
|00002520| 0a 24 50 61 67 65 7b 31 | 31 38 38 2d 31 31 39 32 |.$Page{1|188-1192|
|00002530| 7d 0d 0a 24 44 61 74 65 | 7b 31 39 39 30 7d 0d 0a |}..$Date|{1990}..|
|00002540| 24 59 42 56 6f 6c 7b 31 | 39 39 31 20 59 65 61 72 |$YBVol{1|991 Year|
|00002550| 20 42 6f 6f 6b 20 6f 66 | 20 4e 65 6f 6e 61 74 61 | Book of| Neonata|
|00002560| 6c 20 61 6e 64 20 50 65 | 72 69 6e 61 74 61 6c 20 |l and Pe|rinatal |
|00002570| 4d 65 64 69 63 69 6e 65 | 7d 0d 0a 24 43 68 61 70 |Medicine|}..$Chap|
|00002580| 74 65 72 7b 31 2d 39 7d | 0d 0a 24 59 42 45 64 69 |ter{1-9}|..$YBEdi|
|00002590| 74 6f 72 7b 44 72 73 2e | 20 4b 6c 61 75 73 20 61 |tor{Drs.| Klaus a|
|000025a0| 6e 64 20 46 61 6e 61 72 | 6f 66 66 7d 0d 0a 24 54 |nd Fanar|off}..$T|
|000025b0| 61 62 6c 65 7b 7d 0d 0a | 24 43 6f 6d 6d 65 6e 74 |able{}..|$Comment|
|000025c0| 61 74 6f 72 7b 7d 0d 0a | 0d 0a 43 6f 70 79 72 69 |ator{}..|..Copyri|
|000025d0| 67 68 74 20 28 43 29 20 | 59 65 61 72 20 42 6f 6f |ght (C) |Year Boo|
|000025e0| 6b 20 4d 65 64 69 63 61 | 6c 20 50 75 62 6c 69 73 |k Medica|l Publis|
|000025f0| 68 65 72 73 2c 20 49 6e | 63 2e 20 31 39 39 31 0d |hers, In|c. 1991.|
|00002600| 0a 0d 0a 31 39 39 31 20 | 59 65 61 72 20 42 6f 6f |...1991 |Year Boo|
|00002610| 6b 20 6f 66 20 4e 65 6f | 6e 61 74 61 6c 20 61 6e |k of Neo|natal an|
|00002620| 64 20 50 65 72 69 6e 61 | 74 61 6c 20 4d 65 64 69 |d Perina|tal Medi|
|00002630| 63 69 6e 65 0d 0a 0d 0a | 43 68 61 70 74 65 72 20 |cine....|Chapter |
|00002640| 20 31 2d 2d 20 54 68 65 | 20 46 65 74 75 73 0d 0a | 1-- The| Fetus..|
|00002650| 0d 0a 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |..------|--------|
|00002660| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00002670| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00002680| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00002690| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000026a0| 0d 0a 42 65 6e 65 66 69 | 74 73 20 6f 66 20 50 6c |..Benefi|ts of Pl|
|000026b0| 61 63 65 6e 74 61 6c 20 | 42 69 6f 70 73 69 65 73 |acental |Biopsies|
|000026c0| 20 66 6f 72 20 52 61 70 | 69 64 20 4b 61 72 79 6f | for Rap|id Karyo|
|000026d0| 74 79 70 69 6e 67 20 69 | 6e 20 74 68 65 20 53 65 |typing i|n the Se|
|000026e0| 63 6f 6e 64 20 61 6e 64 | 20 54 68 69 72 64 0d 0a |cond and| Third..|
|000026f0| 54 72 69 6d 65 73 74 65 | 72 73 20 28 4c 61 74 65 |Trimeste|rs (Late|
|00002700| 20 43 68 6f 72 69 6f 6e | 69 63 20 56 69 6c 6c 75 | Chorion|ic Villu|
|00002710| 73 20 53 61 6d 70 6c 69 | 6e 67 29 20 69 6e 20 48 |s Sampli|ng) in H|
|00002720| 69 67 68 2d 52 69 73 6b | 20 50 72 65 67 6e 61 6e |igh-Risk| Pregnan|
|00002730| 63 69 65 73 0d 0a 0d 0a | 48 6f 6c 7a 67 72 65 76 |cies....|Holzgrev|
|00002740| 65 20 57 3b 20 4d 69 6e | 79 20 50 3b 20 47 65 72 |e W; Min|y P; Ger|
|00002750| 6c 61 63 68 20 42 3b 20 | 57 65 73 74 65 6e 64 6f |lach B; |Westendo|
|00002760| 72 70 20 41 3b 20 41 68 | 6c 65 72 74 20 44 3b 20 |rp A; Ah|lert D; |
|00002770| 48 6f 72 73 74 20 4a 0d | 0a 28 5a 65 6e 74 72 75 |Horst J.|.(Zentru|
|00002780| 6d 20 66 75 72 20 46 72 | 61 75 65 6e 68 65 69 6c |m fur Fr|auenheil|
|00002790| 6b 75 6e 64 65 3b 20 57 | 65 73 74 66 61 6c 69 73 |kunde; W|estfalis|
|000027a0| 63 68 65 20 57 69 6c 68 | 65 6c 6d 73 2d 55 6e 69 |che Wilh|elms-Uni|
|000027b0| 76 2c 20 4d 75 6e 73 74 | 65 72 2c 20 47 65 72 6d |v, Munst|er, Germ|
|000027c0| 61 6e 79 29 0d 0a 41 6d | 20 4a 20 4f 62 73 74 65 |any)..Am| J Obste|
|000027d0| 74 20 47 79 6e 65 63 6f | 6c 20 31 36 32 3a 31 31 |t Gyneco|l 162:11|
|000027e0| 38 38 2d 31 31 39 32 2c | 20 31 39 39 30 0d 0a 2d |88-1192,| 1990..-|
|000027f0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00002800| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00002810| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00002820| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00002830| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0d 0a 0d |--------|-----...|
|00002840| 0a 41 62 73 74 72 61 63 | 74 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 20 |.Abstrac|t.... |
|00002850| 20 20 4c 61 74 65 20 63 | 68 6f 72 69 6f 6e 69 63 | Late c|horionic|
|00002860| 20 76 69 6c 6c 75 73 20 | 73 61 6d 70 6c 69 6e 67 | villus |sampling|
|00002870| 20 70 72 6f 76 69 64 65 | 73 20 73 70 65 63 69 61 | provide|s specia|
|00002880| 6c 20 62 65 6e 65 66 69 | 74 73 20 69 6e 20 68 69 |l benefi|ts in hi|
|00002890| 67 68 2d 72 69 73 6b 0d | 0a 70 72 65 67 6e 61 6e |gh-risk.|.pregnan|
|000028a0| 63 69 65 73 2c 20 70 61 | 72 74 69 63 75 6c 61 72 |cies, pa|rticular|
|000028b0| 6c 79 20 77 68 65 6e 20 | 74 68 65 20 6d 6f 72 65 |ly when |the more|
|000028c0| 20 65 73 74 61 62 6c 69 | 73 68 65 64 20 6d 65 74 | establi|shed met|
|000028d0| 68 6f 64 20 6f 66 20 63 | 6f 72 64 6f 63 65 6e 74 |hod of c|ordocent|
|000028e0| 65 73 69 73 0d 0a 63 61 | 6e 20 73 6f 6d 65 74 69 |esis..ca|n someti|
|000028f0| 6d 65 73 20 62 65 20 64 | 69 66 66 69 63 75 6c 74 |mes be d|ifficult|
|00002900| 2c 20 73 75 63 68 20 61 | 73 20 69 6e 20 61 62 6e |, such a|s in abn|
|00002910| 6f 72 6d 61 6c 20 61 6d | 6e 69 6f 74 69 63 20 66 |ormal am|niotic f|
|00002920| 6c 75 69 64 20 76 6f 6c | 75 6d 65 2e 20 20 4c 61 |luid vol|ume. La|
|00002930| 74 65 0d 0a 70 6c 61 63 | 65 6e 74 61 6c 20 62 69 |te..plac|ental bi|
|00002940| 6f 70 73 69 65 73 20 77 | 65 72 65 20 70 65 72 66 |opsies w|ere perf|
|00002950| 6f 72 6d 65 64 20 66 6f | 72 20 72 61 70 69 64 20 |ormed fo|r rapid |
|00002960| 6b 61 72 79 6f 74 79 70 | 69 6e 67 20 69 6e 20 33 |karyotyp|ing in 3|
|00002970| 30 31 20 77 6f 6d 65 6e | 20 61 74 20 31 32 20 74 |01 women| at 12 t|
|00002980| 6f 0d 0a 34 31 20 77 65 | 65 6b 73 20 6f 66 20 67 |o..41 we|eks of g|
|00002990| 65 73 74 61 74 69 6f 6e | 2c 20 77 69 74 68 20 70 |estation|, with p|
|000029a0| 65 61 6b 73 20 61 74 20 | 32 32 20 74 6f 20 32 33 |eaks at |22 to 23|
|000029b0| 20 77 65 65 6b 73 20 61 | 6e 64 20 33 31 20 74 6f | weeks a|nd 31 to|
|000029c0| 20 33 32 20 77 65 65 6b | 73 2e 20 20 54 68 65 0d | 32 week|s. The.|
|000029d0| 0a 69 6e 64 69 63 61 74 | 69 6f 6e 73 20 66 6f 72 |.indicat|ions for|
|000029e0| 20 70 6c 61 63 65 6e 74 | 61 6c 20 62 69 6f 70 73 | placent|al biops|
|000029f0| 69 65 73 20 77 65 72 65 | 20 73 75 73 70 69 63 69 |ies were| suspici|
|00002a00| 6f 75 73 20 75 6c 74 72 | 61 73 6f 6e 6f 67 72 61 |ous ultr|asonogra|
|00002a10| 70 68 69 63 20 66 69 6e | 64 69 6e 67 73 0d 0a 69 |phic fin|dings..i|
|00002a20| 6e 20 32 32 20 70 61 74 | 69 65 6e 74 73 2c 20 6c |n 22 pat|ients, l|
|00002a30| 61 74 65 20 62 6f 6f 6b | 69 6e 67 20 6f 72 20 75 |ate book|ing or u|
|00002a40| 6e 73 75 63 63 65 73 73 | 66 75 6c 20 61 6d 6e 69 |nsuccess|ful amni|
|00002a50| 6f 74 69 63 20 66 6c 75 | 69 64 20 63 65 6c 6c 20 |otic flu|id cell |
|00002a60| 63 75 6c 74 75 72 65 20 | 69 6e 0d 0a 34 38 2c 20 |culture |in..48, |
|00002a70| 61 6e 64 20 63 6f 6e 66 | 69 72 6d 61 74 69 6f 6e |and conf|irmation|
|00002a80| 20 6f 66 20 61 62 6e 6f | 72 6d 61 6c 20 72 65 73 | of abno|rmal res|
|00002a90| 75 6c 74 20 61 66 74 65 | 72 20 63 68 6f 72 69 6f |ult afte|r chorio|
|00002aa0| 6e 69 63 20 76 69 6c 6c | 75 73 20 73 61 6d 70 6c |nic vill|us sampl|
|00002ab0| 69 6e 67 20 6f 72 0d 0a | 61 6d 6e 69 6f 63 65 6e |ing or..|amniocen|
|00002ac0| 74 65 73 69 73 20 69 6e | 20 32 38 2e 0d 0a 20 20 |tesis in| 28... |
|00002ad0| 20 20 20 52 61 70 69 64 | 20 6b 61 72 79 6f 74 79 | Rapid| karyoty|
|00002ae0| 70 69 6e 67 20 64 65 6d | 6f 6e 73 74 72 61 74 65 |ping dem|onstrate|
|00002af0| 64 20 63 79 74 6f 67 65 | 6e 65 74 69 63 20 61 6e |d cytoge|netic an|
|00002b00| 6f 6d 61 6c 69 65 73 20 | 69 6e 20 34 35 20 28 32 |omalies |in 45 (2|
|00002b10| 30 25 29 20 6f 66 20 32 | 32 35 0d 0a 70 72 65 67 |0%) of 2|25..preg|
|00002b20| 6e 61 6e 63 69 65 73 20 | 77 69 74 68 20 73 75 73 |nancies |with sus|
|00002b30| 70 69 63 69 6f 75 73 20 | 75 6c 74 72 61 73 6f 6e |picious |ultrason|
|00002b40| 6f 67 72 61 70 68 69 63 | 20 66 69 6e 64 69 6e 67 |ographic| finding|
|00002b50| 73 2e 20 20 4f 6c 69 67 | 6f 68 79 64 72 61 6d 6e |s. Olig|ohydramn|
|00002b60| 69 6f 73 20 61 6e 64 0d | 0a 70 6f 6c 79 68 79 64 |ios and.|.polyhyd|
|00002b70| 72 61 6d 6e 69 6f 73 20 | 77 65 72 65 20 6b 65 79 |ramnios |were key|
|00002b80| 20 75 6c 74 72 61 73 6f | 6e 6f 67 72 61 70 68 69 | ultraso|nographi|
|00002b90| 63 20 66 69 6e 64 69 6e | 67 73 20 69 6e 20 38 36 |c findin|gs in 86|
|00002ba0| 20 28 33 38 25 29 20 6f | 66 20 32 32 35 0d 0a 70 | (38%) o|f 225..p|
|00002bb0| 72 65 67 6e 61 6e 63 69 | 65 73 20 61 6e 64 20 77 |regnanci|es and w|
|00002bc0| 65 72 65 20 61 73 73 6f | 63 69 61 74 65 64 20 77 |ere asso|ciated w|
|00002bd0| 69 74 68 20 6f 66 20 61 | 62 6e 6f 72 6d 61 6c 20 |ith of a|bnormal |
|00002be0| 63 68 72 6f 6d 6f 73 6f | 6d 61 6c 20 66 69 6e 64 |chromoso|mal find|
|00002bf0| 69 6e 67 73 20 69 6e 20 | 31 30 0d 0a 28 32 32 25 |ings in |10..(22%|
|00002c00| 29 20 6f 66 20 34 35 20 | 70 72 65 67 6e 61 6e 63 |) of 45 |pregnanc|
|00002c10| 69 65 73 2e 20 20 41 6c | 6c 20 62 75 74 20 31 20 |ies. Al|l but 1 |
|00002c20| 70 72 65 67 6e 61 6e 63 | 79 20 77 61 73 20 74 65 |pregnanc|y was te|
|00002c30| 72 6d 69 6e 61 74 65 64 | 20 69 6e 20 32 38 20 70 |rminated| in 28 p|
|00002c40| 61 74 69 65 6e 74 73 20 | 69 6e 0d 0a 77 68 6f 6d |atients |in..whom|
|00002c50| 20 72 61 70 69 64 20 6b | 61 72 79 6f 74 79 70 69 | rapid k|aryotypi|
|00002c60| 6e 67 20 63 6f 6e 66 69 | 72 6d 65 64 20 70 72 65 |ng confi|rmed pre|
|00002c70| 76 69 6f 75 73 20 61 62 | 6e 6f 72 6d 61 6c 20 72 |vious ab|normal r|
|00002c80| 65 73 75 6c 74 73 20 6f | 66 20 63 68 6f 72 69 6f |esults o|f chorio|
|00002c90| 6e 69 63 20 76 69 6c 6c | 75 73 0d 0a 73 61 6d 70 |nic vill|us..samp|
|00002ca0| 6c 69 6e 67 20 6f 72 20 | 61 6d 6e 69 6f 63 65 6e |ling or |amniocen|
|00002cb0| 74 65 73 69 73 2e 20 20 | 46 6f 72 20 74 68 65 20 |tesis. |For the |
|00002cc0| 34 38 20 70 61 74 69 65 | 6e 74 73 20 69 6e 20 77 |48 patie|nts in w|
|00002cd0| 68 6f 6d 20 70 6c 61 63 | 65 6e 74 61 6c 20 62 69 |hom plac|ental bi|
|00002ce0| 6f 70 73 79 0d 0a 63 6f | 6e 66 69 72 6d 65 64 20 |opsy..co|nfirmed |
|00002cf0| 6e 6f 72 6d 61 6c 20 63 | 68 72 6f 6d 6f 73 6f 6d |normal c|hromosom|
|00002d00| 61 6c 20 63 6f 75 6e 74 | 73 20 69 6e 20 61 6c 6c |al count|s in all|
|00002d10| 20 62 75 74 20 33 2c 20 | 70 72 65 67 6e 61 6e 63 | but 3, |pregnanc|
|00002d20| 79 20 72 65 73 75 6c 74 | 65 64 20 69 6e 20 6c 69 |y result|ed in li|
|00002d30| 76 65 0d 0a 62 69 72 74 | 68 73 20 6f 72 20 69 73 |ve..birt|hs or is|
|00002d40| 20 73 74 69 6c 6c 20 6f | 6e 67 6f 69 6e 67 2c 20 | still o|ngoing, |
|00002d50| 65 78 63 65 70 74 20 66 | 6f 72 20 74 68 65 20 32 |except f|or the 2|
|00002d60| 20 70 72 65 67 6e 61 6e | 63 69 65 73 20 74 65 72 | pregnan|cies ter|
|00002d70| 6d 69 6e 61 74 65 64 20 | 62 79 0d 0a 6f 72 6e 69 |minated |by..orni|
|00002d80| 74 68 69 6e 65 20 74 72 | 61 6e 73 63 61 72 62 61 |thine tr|anscarba|
|00002d90| 6d 79 6c 61 73 65 20 64 | 65 66 69 63 69 65 6e 63 |mylase d|eficienc|
|00002da0| 79 20 61 6e 64 20 62 65 | 74 61 2d 74 68 61 6c 61 |y and be|ta-thala|
|00002db0| 73 73 65 6d 69 61 20 61 | 6e 64 20 31 20 70 72 65 |ssemia a|nd 1 pre|
|00002dc0| 67 6e 61 6e 63 79 0d 0a | 77 69 74 68 20 74 72 69 |gnancy..|with tri|
|00002dd0| 73 6f 6d 79 20 32 31 2e | 20 20 4e 6f 20 63 6f 6d |somy 21.| No com|
|00002de0| 70 6c 69 63 61 74 69 6f | 6e 73 20 77 65 72 65 20 |plicatio|ns were |
|00002df0| 61 73 73 6f 63 69 61 74 | 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 20 |associat|ed with |
|00002e00| 70 6c 61 63 65 6e 74 61 | 6c 20 62 69 6f 70 73 69 |placenta|l biopsi|
|00002e10| 65 73 2e 0d 0a 20 20 20 | 20 20 50 6c 61 63 65 6e |es... | Placen|
|00002e20| 74 61 6c 20 62 69 6f 70 | 73 69 65 73 20 66 6f 72 |tal biop|sies for|
|00002e30| 20 72 61 70 69 64 20 6b | 61 72 79 6f 74 79 70 69 | rapid k|aryotypi|
|00002e40| 6e 67 20 69 6e 20 74 68 | 65 20 73 65 63 6f 6e 64 |ng in th|e second|
|00002e50| 20 61 6e 64 20 74 68 69 | 72 64 0d 0a 74 72 69 6d | and thi|rd..trim|
|00002e60| 65 73 74 65 72 73 20 70 | 72 6f 76 69 64 65 20 62 |esters p|rovide b|
|00002e70| 65 6e 65 66 69 63 69 61 | 6c 20 69 6e 66 6f 72 6d |eneficia|l inform|
|00002e80| 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 74 68 | 61 74 20 6d 61 79 20 69 |ation th|at may i|
|00002e90| 6e 66 6c 75 65 6e 63 65 | 20 6f 62 73 74 65 74 72 |nfluence| obstetr|
|00002ea0| 69 63 20 61 6e 64 0d 0a | 70 65 72 69 6e 61 74 61 |ic and..|perinata|
|00002eb0| 6c 20 6d 61 6e 61 67 65 | 6d 65 6e 74 2e 20 20 53 |l manage|ment. S|
|00002ec0| 75 67 67 65 73 74 69 76 | 65 20 66 69 6e 64 69 6e |uggestiv|e findin|
|00002ed0| 67 73 20 6f 6e 20 75 6c | 74 72 61 73 6f 6e 6f 67 |gs on ul|trasonog|
|00002ee0| 72 61 70 68 79 20 61 70 | 70 65 61 72 20 74 6f 0d |raphy ap|pear to.|
|00002ef0| 0a 6a 75 73 74 69 66 79 | 20 74 68 65 20 65 78 63 |.justify| the exc|
|00002f00| 6c 75 73 69 76 65 20 75 | 73 65 20 6f 66 20 64 69 |lusive u|se of di|
|00002f10| 72 65 63 74 20 70 72 65 | 70 61 72 61 74 69 6f 6e |rect pre|paration|
|00002f20| 2e 20 20 43 6f 6d 70 61 | 72 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 |. Compa|red with|
|00002f30| 20 74 68 65 20 70 69 70 | 65 74 74 65 0d 0a 6d 65 | the pip|ette..me|
|00002f40| 74 68 6f 64 2c 20 70 6c | 61 63 65 6e 74 61 6c 20 |thod, pl|acental |
|00002f50| 62 69 6f 70 73 69 65 73 | 20 63 61 6e 20 62 65 20 |biopsies| can be |
|00002f60| 65 61 73 69 6c 79 20 70 | 65 72 66 6f 72 6d 65 64 |easily p|erformed|
|00002f70| 20 65 76 65 6e 20 69 6e | 20 70 72 65 67 6e 61 6e | even in| pregnan|
|00002f80| 63 69 65 73 20 77 69 74 | 68 0d 0a 61 62 6e 6f 72 |cies wit|h..abnor|
|00002f90| 6d 61 6c 20 61 6d 6e 69 | 6f 74 69 63 20 66 6c 75 |mal amni|otic flu|
|00002fa0| 69 64 20 76 6f 6c 75 6d | 65 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a 50 6f |id volum|e.....Po|
|00002fb0| 73 74 2d 43 6f 6d 6d 65 | 6e 74 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 |st-Comme|nt.... |
|00002fc0| 20 20 20 57 65 20 68 61 | 76 65 20 62 65 63 6f 6d | We ha|ve becom|
|00002fd0| 65 20 69 6e 63 72 65 61 | 73 69 6e 67 6c 79 20 6d |e increa|singly m|
|00002fe0| 6f 72 65 20 61 67 67 72 | 65 73 73 69 76 65 20 69 |ore aggr|essive i|
|00002ff0| 6e 20 65 73 74 61 62 6c | 69 73 68 69 6e 67 20 64 |n establ|ishing d|
|00003000| 69 61 67 6e 6f 73 65 73 | 20 69 6e 0d 0a 74 68 65 |iagnoses| in..the|
|00003010| 20 66 65 74 75 73 2e 20 | 20 54 68 69 73 20 72 65 | fetus. | This re|
|00003020| 70 6f 72 74 20 73 75 6d | 6d 61 72 69 7a 65 73 20 |port sum|marizes |
|00003030| 74 68 65 20 61 75 74 68 | 6f 72 73 27 20 65 78 70 |the auth|ors' exp|
|00003040| 65 72 69 65 6e 63 65 20 | 77 69 74 68 20 73 65 63 |erience |with sec|
|00003050| 6f 6e 64 20 61 6e 64 0d | 0a 74 68 69 72 64 20 74 |ond and.|.third t|
|00003060| 72 69 6d 65 73 74 65 72 | 20 62 69 6f 70 73 69 65 |rimester| biopsie|
|00003070| 73 2e 20 20 52 65 73 75 | 6c 74 73 20 61 72 65 20 |s. Resu|lts are |
|00003080| 61 76 61 69 6c 61 62 6c | 65 20 70 72 6f 6d 70 74 |availabl|e prompt|
|00003090| 6c 79 20 61 6e 64 20 74 | 68 65 72 65 20 77 65 72 |ly and t|here wer|
|000030a0| 65 0d 0a 61 70 70 61 72 | 65 6e 74 6c 79 20 66 65 |e..appar|ently fe|
|000030b0| 77 20 6d 69 73 68 61 70 | 73 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 |w mishap|s with t|
|000030c0| 68 65 20 70 72 6f 63 65 | 64 75 72 65 2e 20 20 54 |he proce|dure. T|
|000030d0| 68 65 72 65 20 69 73 20 | 61 6c 77 61 79 73 20 74 |here is |always t|
|000030e0| 68 65 20 63 68 61 6e 63 | 65 20 6f 66 0d 0a 64 69 |he chanc|e of..di|
|000030f0| 73 63 72 65 70 61 6e 74 | 20 72 65 73 75 6c 74 73 |screpant| results|
|00003100| 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 74 72 | 6f 70 68 6f 62 6c 61 73 | from tr|ophoblas|
|00003110| 74 69 63 20 74 69 73 73 | 75 65 20 62 75 74 20 74 |tic tiss|ue but t|
|00003120| 68 69 73 20 77 61 73 20 | 6f 62 73 65 72 76 65 64 |his was |observed|
|00003130| 20 6f 6e 20 74 77 6f 0d | 0a 6f 63 63 61 73 69 6f | on two.|.occasio|
|00003140| 6e 73 20 6f 6e 6c 79 2c | 20 62 6f 74 68 20 77 69 |ns only,| both wi|
|00003150| 74 68 20 6d 6f 73 61 69 | 63 69 73 6d 2e 20 20 54 |th mosai|cism. T|
|00003160| 68 65 20 64 65 74 65 63 | 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 |he detec|tion of |
|00003170| 61 62 6e 6f 72 6d 61 6c | 20 6b 61 72 79 6f 74 79 |abnormal| karyoty|
|00003180| 70 65 73 20 69 6e 0d 0a | 32 30 25 20 6f 66 20 74 |pes in..|20% of t|
|00003190| 68 65 20 67 72 6f 75 70 | 20 77 69 74 68 20 61 62 |he group| with ab|
|000031a0| 6e 6f 72 6d 61 6c 20 75 | 6c 74 72 61 73 6f 75 6e |normal u|ltrasoun|
|000031b0| 64 20 66 69 6e 64 69 6e | 67 73 2c 20 6e 6f 74 61 |d findin|gs, nota|
|000031c0| 62 6c 79 20 69 66 20 61 | 6d 6e 69 6f 74 69 63 20 |bly if a|mniotic |
|000031d0| 66 6c 75 69 64 0d 0a 76 | 6f 6c 75 6d 65 20 77 61 |fluid..v|olume wa|
|000031e0| 73 20 61 62 6e 6f 72 6d | 61 6c 20 74 6f 6f 2c 20 |s abnorm|al too, |
|000031f0| 69 73 20 74 68 65 20 62 | 61 73 69 73 20 66 6f 72 |is the b|asis for|
|00003200| 20 6a 75 73 74 69 66 79 | 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 | justify|ing the |
|00003210| 70 72 6f 63 65 64 75 72 | 65 2e 20 20 54 68 65 0d |procedur|e. The.|
|00003220| 0a 62 69 6f 70 73 69 65 | 73 20 6d 61 79 20 62 65 |.biopsie|s may be|
|00003230| 20 75 73 65 64 20 74 6f | 20 63 6f 6e 66 69 72 6d | used to| confirm|
|00003240| 20 6d 65 74 61 62 6f 6c | 69 63 20 61 6e 64 20 6f | metabol|ic and o|
|00003250| 74 68 65 72 20 67 65 6e | 65 74 69 63 20 64 69 73 |ther gen|etic dis|
|00003260| 6f 72 64 65 72 73 0d 0a | 69 6e 63 6c 75 64 69 6e |orders..|includin|
|00003270| 67 20 68 65 6d 6f 70 68 | 69 6c 69 61 2c 20 62 65 |g hemoph|ilia, be|
|00003280| 74 61 2d 74 68 61 6c 61 | 73 73 65 6d 69 61 2c 20 |ta-thala|ssemia, |
|00003290| 6f 72 6e 69 74 68 69 6e | 65 20 74 72 61 6e 73 63 |ornithin|e transc|
|000032a0| 61 72 62 61 6d 79 6c 61 | 73 65 20 64 65 66 69 63 |arbamyla|se defic|
|000032b0| 69 65 6e 63 79 0d 0a 61 | 73 20 77 65 6c 6c 20 61 |iency..a|s well a|
|000032c0| 73 20 76 69 72 61 6c 20 | 69 6e 66 65 63 74 69 6f |s viral |infectio|
|000032d0| 6e 73 20 73 75 63 68 20 | 61 73 20 72 75 62 65 6c |ns such |as rubel|
|000032e0| 6c 61 2e 20 20 41 73 20 | 61 20 6c 61 72 67 65 72 |la. As |a larger|
|000032f0| 20 65 78 70 65 72 69 65 | 6e 63 65 0d 0a 61 63 63 | experie|nce..acc|
|00003300| 75 6d 75 6c 61 74 65 73 | 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 61 20 |umulates|, and a |
|00003310| 63 65 6e 74 72 61 6c 20 | 72 65 67 69 73 74 72 79 |central |registry|
|00003320| 20 69 73 20 65 73 74 61 | 62 6c 69 73 68 65 64 20 | is esta|blished |
|00003330| 69 6e 20 45 75 72 6f 70 | 65 2c 20 74 68 65 20 72 |in Europ|e, the r|
|00003340| 6f 6c 65 20 6f 66 0d 0a | 70 6c 61 63 65 6e 74 61 |ole of..|placenta|
|00003350| 6c 20 62 69 6f 70 73 79 | 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 62 65 |l biopsy| will be|
|00003360| 20 73 65 74 2e 0d 0a 20 | 20 20 20 20 50 6c 61 63 | set... | Plac|
|00003370| 65 6e 74 61 6c 20 62 65 | 64 20 62 69 6f 70 73 79 |ental be|d biopsy|
|00003380| 20 69 73 20 61 6c 73 6f | 20 75 73 65 64 20 74 6f | is also| used to|
|00003390| 20 73 74 75 64 79 20 70 | 6c 61 63 65 6e 74 61 74 | study p|lacentat|
|000033a0| 69 6f 6e 20 69 6e 20 6e | 6f 72 6d 61 6c 20 61 6e |ion in n|ormal an|
|000033b0| 64 0d 0a 61 62 6e 6f 72 | 6d 61 6c 20 70 72 65 67 |d..abnor|mal preg|
|000033c0| 6e 61 6e 63 69 65 73 2e | 20 20 54 69 73 73 75 65 |nancies.| Tissue|
|000033d0| 20 69 73 20 6f 62 74 61 | 69 6e 65 64 20 61 74 20 | is obta|ined at |
|000033e0| 63 65 73 61 72 65 61 6e | 20 73 65 63 74 69 6f 6e |cesarean| section|
|000033f0| 20 6f 72 20 69 6d 6d 65 | 64 69 61 74 65 6c 79 0d | or imme|diately.|
|00003400| 0a 61 66 74 65 72 20 76 | 61 67 69 6e 61 6c 20 64 |.after v|aginal d|
|00003410| 65 6c 69 76 65 72 79 2e | 20 20 4d 6f 72 70 68 6f |elivery.| Morpho|
|00003420| 6c 6f 67 69 63 20 61 6e | 64 20 69 6d 6d 75 6e 6f |logic an|d immuno|
|00003430| 6c 6f 67 69 63 20 73 74 | 75 64 69 65 73 20 70 72 |logic st|udies pr|
|00003440| 6f 76 69 64 65 20 69 6e | 73 69 67 68 74 0d 0a 69 |ovide in|sight..i|
|00003450| 6e 74 6f 20 68 79 70 65 | 72 74 65 6e 73 69 76 65 |nto hype|rtensive|
|00003460| 20 64 69 73 6f 72 64 65 | 72 73 20 6f 66 20 70 72 | disorde|rs of pr|
|00003470| 65 67 6e 61 6e 63 79 20 | 61 6e 64 20 69 6e 74 72 |egnancy |and intr|
|00003480| 61 75 74 65 72 69 6e 65 | 20 67 72 6f 77 74 68 20 |auterine| growth |
|00003490| 72 65 74 61 72 64 61 74 | 69 6f 6e 0d 0a 28 31 29 |retardat|ion..(1)|
|000034a0| 2e 0d 0a 20 20 20 20 20 | 41 20 77 6f 72 6c 64 20 |... |A world |
|000034b0| 6f 66 20 6d 61 64 65 20 | 69 73 20 6e 6f 74 20 61 |of made |is not a|
|000034c0| 20 77 6f 72 6c 64 20 6f | 66 20 62 6f 72 6e 2e 2d | world o|f born.-|
|000034d0| 2d 65 65 20 63 75 6d 6d | 69 6e 67 73 0d 0a 20 20 |-ee cumm|ings.. |
|000034e0| 20 20 20 41 2e 41 2e 20 | 46 61 6e 61 72 6f 66 66 | A.A. |Fanaroff|
|000034f0| 2c 20 4d 2e 42 2e 42 2e | 43 68 2e 0d 0a 24 55 6e |, M.B.B.|Ch...$Un|
|00003500| 69 71 75 65 5f 49 44 7b | 59 52 42 30 32 32 30 33 |ique_ID{|YRB02203|
|00003510| 7d 0d 0a 24 54 69 74 6c | 65 7b 45 6d 62 72 79 6f |}..$Titl|e{Embryo|
|00003520| 73 63 6f 70 79 3a 20 20 | 44 65 73 63 72 69 70 74 |scopy: |Descript|
|00003530| 69 6f 6e 20 61 6e 64 20 | 55 74 69 6c 69 74 79 20 |ion and |Utility |
|00003540| 6f 66 20 61 20 4e 65 77 | 20 54 65 63 68 6e 69 71 |of a New| Techniq|
|00003550| 75 65 7d 0d 0a 24 41 75 | 74 68 6f 72 7b 0d 0a 43 |ue}..$Au|thor{..C|
|00003560| 75 6c 6c 65 6e 2c 20 4d | 54 0d 0a 52 65 65 63 65 |ullen, M|T..Reece|
|00003570| 2c 20 45 41 0d 0a 57 68 | 65 74 68 61 6d 2c 20 4a |, EA..Wh|etham, J|
|00003580| 0d 0a 48 6f 62 62 69 6e | 73 2c 20 4a 43 7d 0d 0a |..Hobbin|s, JC}..|
|00003590| 24 41 66 66 69 6c 69 61 | 74 69 6f 6e 7b 59 61 6c |$Affilia|tion{Yal|
|000035a0| 65 20 55 6e 69 76 7d 0d | 0a 24 4a 6f 75 72 6e 61 |e Univ}.|.$Journa|
|000035b0| 6c 7b 41 6d 20 4a 20 4f | 62 73 74 65 74 20 47 79 |l{Am J O|bstet Gy|
|000035c0| 6e 65 63 6f 6c 7d 0d 0a | 24 56 6f 6c 75 6d 65 7b |necol}..|$Volume{|
|000035d0| 31 36 32 7d 0d 0a 24 50 | 61 67 65 7b 38 32 2d 38 |162}..$P|age{82-8|
|000035e0| 36 7d 0d 0a 24 44 61 74 | 65 7b 31 39 39 30 7d 0d |6}..$Dat|e{1990}.|
|000035f0| 0a 24 59 42 56 6f 6c 7b | 31 39 39 31 20 59 65 61 |.$YBVol{|1991 Yea|
|00003600| 72 20 42 6f 6f 6b 20 6f | 66 20 4e 65 6f 6e 61 74 |r Book o|f Neonat|
|00003610| 61 6c 20 61 6e 64 20 50 | 65 72 69 6e 61 74 61 6c |al and P|erinatal|
|00003620| 20 4d 65 64 69 63 69 6e | 65 7d 0d 0a 24 43 68 61 | Medicin|e}..$Cha|
|00003630| 70 74 65 72 7b 31 2d 31 | 30 7d 0d 0a 24 59 42 45 |pter{1-1|0}..$YBE|
|00003640| 64 69 74 6f 72 7b 44 72 | 73 2e 20 4b 6c 61 75 73 |ditor{Dr|s. Klaus|
|00003650| 20 61 6e 64 20 46 61 6e | 61 72 6f 66 66 7d 0d 0a | and Fan|aroff}..|
|00003660| 24 54 61 62 6c 65 7b 54 | 61 62 6c 65 20 4f 6d 69 |$Table{T|able Omi|
|00003670| 74 74 65 64 7d 0d 0a 24 | 43 6f 6d 6d 65 6e 74 61 |tted}..$|Commenta|
|00003680| 74 6f 72 7b 4a 2e 44 2e | 20 47 6f 6c 64 62 65 72 |tor{J.D.| Goldber|
|00003690| 67 2c 20 4d 2e 44 2e 7d | 0d 0a 0d 0a 43 6f 70 79 |g, M.D.}|....Copy|
|000036a0| 72 69 67 68 74 20 28 43 | 29 20 59 65 61 72 20 42 |right (C|) Year B|
|000036b0| 6f 6f 6b 20 4d 65 64 69 | 63 61 6c 20 50 75 62 6c |ook Medi|cal Publ|
|000036c0| 69 73 68 65 72 73 2c 20 | 49 6e 63 2e 20 31 39 39 |ishers, |Inc. 199|
|000036d0| 31 0d 0a 0d 0a 31 39 39 | 31 20 59 65 61 72 20 42 |1....199|1 Year B|
|000036e0| 6f 6f 6b 20 6f 66 20 4e | 65 6f 6e 61 74 61 6c 20 |ook of N|eonatal |
|000036f0| 61 6e 64 20 50 65 72 69 | 6e 61 74 61 6c 20 4d 65 |and Peri|natal Me|
|00003700| 64 69 63 69 6e 65 0d 0a | 0d 0a 43 68 61 70 74 65 |dicine..|..Chapte|
|00003710| 72 20 31 2d 2d 20 54 68 | 65 20 46 65 74 75 73 0d |r 1-- Th|e Fetus.|
|00003720| 0a 0d 0a 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |...-----|--------|
|00003730| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00003740| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00003750| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00003760| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00003770| 2d 0d 0a 45 6d 62 72 79 | 6f 73 63 6f 70 79 3a 20 |-..Embry|oscopy: |
|00003780| 20 44 65 73 63 72 69 70 | 74 69 6f 6e 20 61 6e 64 | Descrip|tion and|
|00003790| 20 55 74 69 6c 69 74 79 | 20 6f 66 20 61 20 4e 65 | Utility| of a Ne|
|000037a0| 77 20 54 65 63 68 6e 69 | 71 75 65 0d 0a 0d 0a 43 |w Techni|que....C|
|000037b0| 75 6c 6c 65 6e 20 4d 54 | 3b 20 52 65 65 63 65 20 |ullen MT|; Reece |
|000037c0| 45 41 3b 20 57 68 65 74 | 68 61 6d 20 4a 3b 20 48 |EA; Whet|ham J; H|
|000037d0| 6f 62 62 69 6e 73 20 4a | 43 0d 0a 28 59 61 6c 65 |obbins J|C..(Yale|
|000037e0| 20 55 6e 69 76 29 0d 0a | 41 6d 20 4a 20 4f 62 73 | Univ)..|Am J Obs|
|000037f0| 74 65 74 20 47 79 6e 65 | 63 6f 6c 20 31 36 32 3a |tet Gyne|col 162:|
|00003800| 38 32 2d 38 36 2c 20 31 | 39 39 30 0d 0a 2d 2d 2d |82-86, 1|990..---|
|00003810| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00003820| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00003830| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00003840| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00003850| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 0d 0a 0d 0a 41 |--------|---....A|
|00003860| 62 73 74 72 61 63 74 0d | 0a 0d 0a 20 20 20 20 20 |bstract.|... |
|00003870| 45 6d 62 72 79 6f 73 63 | 6f 70 79 20 69 73 20 61 |Embryosc|opy is a|
|00003880| 20 6e 65 77 20 69 6e 76 | 61 73 69 76 65 20 74 65 | new inv|asive te|
|00003890| 63 68 6e 69 71 75 65 20 | 66 6f 72 20 64 69 72 65 |chnique |for dire|
|000038a0| 63 74 20 76 69 73 75 61 | 6c 69 7a 61 74 69 6f 6e |ct visua|lization|
|000038b0| 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 0d | 0a 66 69 72 73 74 2d 74 | of the.|.first-t|
|000038c0| 72 69 6d 65 73 74 65 72 | 20 63 6f 6e 63 65 70 74 |rimester| concept|
|000038d0| 75 73 2e 20 20 55 6e 64 | 65 72 20 75 6c 74 72 61 |us. Und|er ultra|
|000038e0| 73 6f 6e 6f 67 72 61 70 | 68 69 63 20 67 75 69 64 |sonograp|hic guid|
|000038f0| 61 6e 63 65 2c 20 61 20 | 72 69 67 69 64 0d 0a 66 |ance, a |rigid..f|
|00003900| 69 62 65 72 6f 70 74 69 | 63 20 65 6e 64 6f 73 63 |iberopti|c endosc|
|00003910| 6f 70 65 20 69 73 20 70 | 61 73 73 65 64 20 74 72 |ope is p|assed tr|
|00003920| 61 6e 73 63 65 72 76 69 | 63 61 6c 6c 79 20 69 6e |anscervi|cally in|
|00003930| 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 63 | 68 6f 72 69 6f 6e 69 63 |to the c|horionic|
|00003940| 20 63 61 76 69 74 79 0d | 0a 77 69 74 68 6f 75 74 | cavity.|.without|
|00003950| 20 64 69 73 74 75 72 62 | 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 | disturb|ing the |
|00003960| 61 6d 6e 69 6f 6e 20 28 | 46 69 67 20 31 2d 31 29 |amnion (|Fig 1-1)|
|00003970| 2e 20 20 54 68 65 20 6c | 69 67 68 74 20 73 6f 75 |. The l|ight sou|
|00003980| 72 63 65 20 69 73 20 61 | 20 78 65 6e 6f 6e 20 6c |rce is a| xenon l|
|00003990| 61 6d 70 0d 0a 72 61 74 | 65 64 20 61 74 20 36 2c |amp..rat|ed at 6,|
|000039a0| 30 30 30 20 4b 2e 20 20 | 41 74 20 70 72 65 73 65 |000 K. |At prese|
|000039b0| 6e 74 2c 20 74 68 65 20 | 6c 65 6e 67 74 68 20 6f |nt, the |length o|
|000039c0| 66 20 74 69 6d 65 20 72 | 65 71 75 69 72 65 64 20 |f time r|equired |
|000039d0| 74 6f 20 69 6e 73 65 72 | 74 20 74 68 65 20 73 63 |to inser|t the sc|
|000039e0| 6f 70 65 0d 0a 61 6e 64 | 20 6f 62 73 65 72 76 65 |ope..and| observe|
|000039f0| 20 74 68 65 20 65 6d 62 | 72 79 6f 20 69 73 20 61 | the emb|ryo is a|
|00003a00| 62 6f 75 74 20 32 20 6d | 69 6e 75 74 65 73 2e 0d |bout 2 m|inutes..|
|00003a10| 0a 20 20 20 20 20 45 6d | 62 72 79 6f 73 63 6f 70 |. Em|bryoscop|
|00003a20| 79 20 77 61 73 20 70 65 | 72 66 6f 72 6d 65 64 20 |y was pe|rformed |
|00003a30| 69 6e 20 31 30 30 20 70 | 61 74 69 65 6e 74 73 20 |in 100 p|atients |
|00003a40| 73 63 68 65 64 75 6c 65 | 64 20 66 6f 72 20 65 6c |schedule|d for el|
|00003a50| 65 63 74 69 76 65 0d 0a | 74 65 72 6d 69 6e 61 74 |ective..|terminat|
|00003a60| 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 70 | 72 65 67 6e 61 6e 63 79 |ion of p|regnancy|
|00003a70| 2e 20 20 47 65 73 74 61 | 74 69 6f 6e 61 6c 20 61 |. Gesta|tional a|
|00003a80| 67 65 73 20 72 61 6e 67 | 65 64 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 |ges rang|ed from |
|00003a90| 35 20 77 65 65 6b 73 20 | 74 6f 20 31 33 20 77 65 |5 weeks |to 13 we|
|00003aa0| 65 6b 73 2e 0d 0a 54 68 | 65 20 65 6d 62 72 79 6f |eks...Th|e embryo|
|00003ab0| 20 77 61 73 20 76 69 73 | 75 61 6c 69 7a 65 64 20 | was vis|ualized |
|00003ac0| 61 6e 64 20 61 6e 61 74 | 6f 6d 69 63 61 6c 20 73 |and anat|omical s|
|00003ad0| 75 72 76 65 79 20 77 61 | 73 20 63 6f 6d 70 6c 65 |urvey wa|s comple|
|00003ae0| 74 65 64 20 69 6e 20 61 | 6c 6c 20 62 75 74 20 34 |ted in a|ll but 4|
|00003af0| 0d 0a 63 61 73 65 73 2e | 20 20 43 6f 6d 70 6c 69 |..cases.| Compli|
|00003b00| 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 | 69 6e 63 6c 75 64 65 64 |cations |included|
|00003b10| 20 61 6d 6e 69 6f 74 69 | 63 20 72 75 70 74 75 72 | amnioti|c ruptur|
|00003b20| 65 20 69 6e 20 35 20 63 | 61 73 65 73 2c 20 31 20 |e in 5 c|ases, 1 |
|00003b30| 6f 66 20 77 68 69 63 68 | 0d 0a 6f 63 63 75 72 72 |of which|..occurr|
|00003b40| 65 64 20 61 74 20 31 31 | 20 77 65 65 6b 73 2e 20 |ed at 11| weeks. |
|00003b50| 20 4f 6e 65 20 66 65 74 | 61 6c 20 64 65 61 74 68 | One fet|al death|
|00003b60| 20 6f 63 63 75 72 72 65 | 64 20 61 74 20 37 20 77 | occurre|d at 7 w|
|00003b70| 65 65 6b 73 27 20 67 65 | 73 74 61 74 69 6f 6e 2c |eeks' ge|station,|
|00003b80| 20 62 75 74 0d 0a 70 61 | 74 68 6f 6c 6f 67 69 63 | but..pa|thologic|
|00003b90| 20 65 78 61 6d 69 6e 61 | 74 69 6f 6e 20 72 65 76 | examina|tion rev|
|00003ba0| 65 61 6c 65 64 20 6e 6f | 20 74 72 61 75 6d 61 20 |ealed no| trauma |
|00003bb0| 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 65 | 6d 62 72 79 6f 3b 20 74 |to the e|mbryo; t|
|00003bc0| 68 65 72 65 20 77 61 73 | 20 6e 6f 20 65 76 69 64 |here was| no evid|
|00003bd0| 65 6e 63 65 0d 0a 6f 66 | 20 75 74 65 72 69 6e 65 |ence..of| uterine|
|00003be0| 20 70 65 72 66 6f 72 61 | 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 72 20 | perfora|tion or |
|00003bf0| 61 6e 79 20 6f 74 68 65 | 72 20 6d 61 74 65 72 6e |any othe|r matern|
|00003c00| 61 6c 20 6d 6f 72 62 69 | 64 69 74 79 2e 20 20 46 |al morbi|dity. F|
|00003c10| 75 72 74 68 65 72 20 74 | 65 73 74 69 6e 67 20 69 |urther t|esting i|
|00003c20| 73 0d 0a 6e 65 63 65 73 | 73 61 72 79 20 62 65 66 |s..neces|sary bef|
|00003c30| 6f 72 65 20 65 6d 62 72 | 79 6f 73 63 6f 70 79 20 |ore embr|yoscopy |
|00003c40| 63 61 6e 20 62 65 20 61 | 70 70 6c 69 65 64 20 72 |can be a|pplied r|
|00003c50| 6f 75 74 69 6e 65 6c 79 | 3b 20 68 6f 77 65 76 65 |outinely|; howeve|
|00003c60| 72 2c 20 77 68 65 6e 20 | 69 74 20 69 73 0d 0a 70 |r, when |it is..p|
|00003c70| 65 72 66 6f 72 6d 65 64 | 20 61 74 20 61 70 70 72 |erformed| at appr|
|00003c80| 6f 70 72 69 61 74 65 20 | 67 65 73 74 61 74 69 6f |opriate |gestatio|
|00003c90| 6e 61 6c 20 61 67 65 73 | 20 28 37 2e 35 20 74 6f |nal ages| (7.5 to|
|00003ca0| 20 31 31 20 6d 65 6e 73 | 74 72 75 61 6c 20 77 65 | 11 mens|trual we|
|00003cb0| 65 6b 73 29 2c 20 74 68 | 65 0d 0a 72 69 73 6b 20 |eks), th|e..risk |
|00003cc0| 6f 66 20 61 6d 6e 69 6f | 74 69 63 20 72 75 70 74 |of amnio|tic rupt|
|00003cd0| 75 72 65 20 69 73 20 6d | 69 6e 69 6d 61 6c 2e 0d |ure is m|inimal..|
|00003ce0| 0a 0d 0a 50 6f 73 74 2d | 43 6f 6d 6d 65 6e 74 0d |...Post-|Comment.|
|00003cf0| 0a 0d 0a 20 20 20 20 20 | 4a 61 6d 65 73 20 44 2e |... |James D.|
|00003d00| 20 47 6f 6c 64 62 65 72 | 67 2c 20 4d 2e 44 2e 2c | Goldber|g, M.D.,|
|00003d10| 20 41 73 73 69 73 74 61 | 6e 74 20 50 72 6f 66 65 | Assista|nt Profe|
|00003d20| 73 73 6f 72 20 6f 66 20 | 4f 62 73 74 65 74 72 69 |ssor of |Obstetri|
|00003d30| 63 73 2c 20 47 79 6e 65 | 63 6f 6c 6f 67 79 2c 0d |cs, Gyne|cology,.|
|00003d40| 0a 61 6e 64 20 52 65 70 | 72 6f 64 75 63 74 69 76 |.and Rep|roductiv|
|00003d50| 65 20 53 63 69 65 6e 63 | 65 73 20 61 74 20 74 68 |e Scienc|es at th|
|00003d60| 65 20 53 63 68 6f 6f 6c | 20 6f 66 20 4d 65 64 69 |e School| of Medi|
|00003d70| 63 69 6e 65 2c 20 55 6e | 69 76 65 72 73 69 74 79 |cine, Un|iversity|
|00003d80| 20 6f 66 20 43 61 6c 69 | 66 6f 72 6e 69 61 2c 0d | of Cali|fornia,.|
|00003d90| 0a 53 61 6e 20 46 72 61 | 6e 63 69 73 63 6f 2c 20 |.San Fra|ncisco, |
|00003da0| 6f 66 66 65 72 73 20 74 | 68 65 20 66 6f 6c 6c 6f |offers t|he follo|
|00003db0| 77 69 6e 67 20 63 6f 6d | 6d 65 6e 74 3a 20 20 41 |wing com|ment: A|
|00003dc0| 64 76 61 6e 63 65 73 20 | 69 6e 20 70 72 65 6e 61 |dvances |in prena|
|00003dd0| 74 61 6c 20 64 69 61 67 | 6e 6f 73 69 73 0d 0a 63 |tal diag|nosis..c|
|00003de0| 6f 6e 74 69 6e 75 65 20 | 74 6f 20 70 72 6f 76 69 |ontinue |to provi|
|00003df0| 64 65 20 6e 65 77 20 61 | 6e 64 20 69 6d 70 72 6f |de new a|nd impro|
|00003e00| 76 65 64 20 6f 70 74 69 | 6f 6e 73 20 74 6f 20 61 |ved opti|ons to a|
|00003e10| 74 2d 72 69 73 6b 20 63 | 6f 75 70 6c 65 73 2e 20 |t-risk c|ouples. |
|00003e20| 20 54 68 65 20 66 6f 63 | 75 73 20 69 6e 0d 0a 72 | The foc|us in..r|
|00003e30| 65 63 65 6e 74 20 79 65 | 61 72 73 20 68 61 73 20 |ecent ye|ars has |
|00003e40| 62 65 65 6e 20 6f 6e 20 | 74 68 65 20 64 65 76 65 |been on |the deve|
|00003e50| 6c 6f 70 6d 65 6e 74 20 | 6f 66 20 65 61 72 6c 69 |lopment |of earli|
|00003e60| 65 72 20 64 69 61 67 6e | 6f 73 74 69 63 20 74 65 |er diagn|ostic te|
|00003e70| 63 68 6e 69 71 75 65 73 | 2c 0d 0a 61 6c 6c 6f 77 |chniques|,..allow|
|00003e80| 69 6e 67 20 63 6f 75 70 | 6c 65 73 20 77 69 74 68 |ing coup|les with|
|00003e90| 20 61 6e 20 61 66 66 65 | 63 74 65 64 20 66 65 74 | an affe|cted fet|
|00003ea0| 75 73 20 74 68 65 20 6f | 70 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 |us the o|ption of|
|00003eb0| 20 70 72 65 67 6e 61 6e | 63 79 20 74 65 72 6d 69 | pregnan|cy termi|
|00003ec0| 6e 61 74 69 6f 6e 0d 0a | 77 69 74 68 20 64 65 63 |nation..|with dec|
|00003ed0| 72 65 61 73 65 64 20 6d | 65 64 69 63 61 6c 20 61 |reased m|edical a|
|00003ee0| 6e 64 20 70 73 79 63 68 | 6f 6c 6f 67 69 63 61 6c |nd psych|ological|
|00003ef0| 20 72 69 73 6b 73 2e 20 | 20 54 68 69 73 20 72 65 | risks. | This re|
|00003f00| 70 6f 72 74 20 64 65 73 | 63 72 69 62 65 73 20 61 |port des|cribes a|
|00003f10| 20 6e 65 77 0d 0a 74 65 | 63 68 6e 69 71 75 65 2c | new..te|chnique,|
|00003f20| 20 66 69 72 73 74 20 74 | 72 69 6d 65 73 74 65 72 | first t|rimester|
|00003f30| 20 65 6d 62 72 79 6f 73 | 63 6f 70 79 2e 20 20 41 | embryos|copy. A|
|00003f40| 66 74 65 72 20 73 65 65 | 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 |fter see|ing the |
|00003f50| 69 6e 63 72 65 64 69 62 | 6c 79 20 63 6c 65 61 72 |incredib|ly clear|
|00003f60| 0d 0a 70 69 63 74 75 72 | 65 73 20 6f 66 20 74 68 |..pictur|es of th|
|00003f70| 65 20 64 65 76 65 6c 6f | 70 69 6e 67 20 65 6d 62 |e develo|ping emb|
|00003f80| 72 79 6f 20 70 72 6f 76 | 69 64 65 64 20 62 79 20 |ryo prov|ided by |
|00003f90| 74 68 69 73 20 74 65 63 | 68 6e 69 71 75 65 2c 20 |this tec|hnique, |
|00003fa0| 69 74 20 69 73 20 74 65 | 6d 70 74 69 6e 67 0d 0a |it is te|mpting..|
|00003fb0| 74 6f 20 72 65 61 64 69 | 6c 79 20 61 63 63 65 70 |to readi|ly accep|
|00003fc0| 74 20 74 68 69 73 20 61 | 73 20 61 20 6d 61 6a 6f |t this a|s a majo|
|00003fd0| 72 20 6e 65 77 20 66 65 | 74 61 6c 20 64 69 61 67 |r new fe|tal diag|
|00003fe0| 6e 6f 73 74 69 63 20 74 | 6f 6f 6c 2e 20 20 54 68 |nostic t|ool. Th|
|00003ff0| 65 72 65 20 61 72 65 0d | 0a 73 65 76 65 72 61 6c |ere are.|.several|
|00004000| 20 70 6f 74 65 6e 74 69 | 61 6c 20 70 72 6f 62 6c | potenti|al probl|
|00004010| 65 6d 73 20 77 69 74 68 | 20 74 68 69 73 20 61 70 |ems with| this ap|
|00004020| 70 72 6f 61 63 68 2c 20 | 73 6f 6d 65 20 6f 66 20 |proach, |some of |
|00004030| 77 68 69 63 68 20 61 72 | 65 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 65 |which ar|e pointe|
|00004040| 64 20 6f 75 74 0d 0a 62 | 79 20 74 68 65 20 61 75 |d out..b|y the au|
|00004050| 74 68 6f 72 73 2e 20 20 | 46 69 72 73 74 2c 20 74 |thors. |First, t|
|00004060| 68 65 20 61 75 74 68 6f | 72 73 20 68 61 76 65 20 |he autho|rs have |
|00004070| 6e 6f 74 20 64 65 6d 6f | 6e 73 74 72 61 74 65 64 |not demo|nstrated|
|00004080| 20 74 68 65 20 73 75 70 | 65 72 69 6f 72 69 74 79 | the sup|eriority|
|00004090| 20 6f 66 0d 0a 74 68 69 | 73 20 61 70 70 72 6f 61 | of..thi|s approa|
|000040a0| 63 68 20 66 6f 72 20 64 | 65 74 65 63 74 69 6e 67 |ch for d|etecting|
|000040b0| 20 73 74 72 75 63 74 75 | 72 61 6c 20 66 65 74 61 | structu|ral feta|
|000040c0| 6c 20 61 6e 6f 6d 61 6c | 69 65 73 20 61 73 20 63 |l anomal|ies as c|
|000040d0| 6f 6d 70 61 72 65 64 20 | 77 69 74 68 20 68 69 67 |ompared |with hig|
|000040e0| 68 0d 0a 72 65 73 6f 6c | 75 74 69 6f 6e 20 76 61 |h..resol|ution va|
|000040f0| 67 69 6e 61 6c 20 75 6c | 74 72 61 73 6f 75 6e 64 |ginal ul|trasound|
|00004100| 2e 20 20 41 6c 73 6f 2c | 20 6e 6f 72 6d 61 6c 20 |. Also,| normal |
|00004110| 64 65 76 65 6c 6f 70 6d | 65 6e 74 61 6c 20 76 61 |developm|ental va|
|00004120| 72 69 61 6e 74 73 20 61 | 74 20 74 68 69 73 0d 0a |riants a|t this..|
|00004130| 73 74 61 67 65 20 6f 66 | 20 67 65 73 74 61 74 69 |stage of| gestati|
|00004140| 6f 6e 20 6d 75 73 74 20 | 62 65 20 61 73 73 65 73 |on must |be asses|
|00004150| 73 65 64 20 62 65 66 6f | 72 65 20 75 73 69 6e 67 |sed befo|re using|
|00004160| 20 74 68 69 73 20 74 65 | 63 68 6e 69 71 75 65 0d | this te|chnique.|
|00004170| 0a 64 69 61 67 6e 6f 73 | 74 69 63 61 6c 6c 79 2e |.diagnos|tically.|
|00004180| 20 20 49 6e 20 61 64 64 | 69 74 69 6f 6e 2c 20 74 | In add|ition, t|
|00004190| 68 65 73 65 20 70 72 6f | 63 65 64 75 72 65 73 20 |hese pro|cedures |
|000041a0| 77 65 72 65 20 70 65 72 | 66 6f 72 6d 65 64 20 6f |were per|formed o|
|000041b0| 6e 20 77 6f 6d 65 6e 0d | 0a 75 6e 64 65 72 67 6f |n women.|.undergo|
|000041c0| 69 6e 67 20 74 65 72 6d | 69 6e 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 |ing term|ination |
|000041d0| 6f 66 20 70 72 65 67 6e | 61 6e 63 79 2c 20 61 6e |of pregn|ancy, an|
|000041e0| 64 20 74 68 75 73 20 74 | 68 65 20 6c 6f 6e 67 65 |d thus t|he longe|
|000041f0| 72 20 74 65 72 6d 20 63 | 6f 6d 70 6c 69 63 61 74 |r term c|omplicat|
|00004200| 69 6f 6e 73 20 6f 66 0d | 0a 65 61 72 6c 79 20 63 |ions of.|.early c|
|00004210| 68 6f 72 69 6f 6e 20 70 | 65 6e 65 74 72 61 74 69 |horion p|enetrati|
|00004220| 6f 6e 20 6f 72 20 6c 69 | 67 68 74 20 74 6f 20 74 |on or li|ght to t|
|00004230| 68 65 20 64 65 76 65 6c | 6f 70 69 6e 67 20 65 79 |he devel|oping ey|
|00004240| 65 20 68 61 76 65 20 6e | 6f 74 20 62 65 65 6e 0d |e have n|ot been.|
|00004250| 0a 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 | 65 64 2e 20 20 54 68 65 |.address|ed. The|
|00004260| 20 70 6f 74 65 6e 74 69 | 61 6c 20 66 6f 72 20 66 | potenti|al for f|
|00004270| 65 74 61 6c 20 74 68 65 | 72 61 70 79 20 72 65 6d |etal the|rapy rem|
|00004280| 61 69 6e 73 20 61 6e 20 | 69 6e 74 72 69 67 75 69 |ains an |intrigui|
|00004290| 6e 67 20 6f 6e 65 2c 20 | 62 75 74 0d 0a 6d 75 63 |ng one, |but..muc|
|000042a0| 68 20 77 6f 72 6b 20 72 | 65 6d 61 69 6e 73 20 74 |h work r|emains t|
|000042b0| 6f 20 62 65 20 64 6f 6e | 65 20 69 6e 20 74 68 69 |o be don|e in thi|
|000042c0| 73 20 61 72 65 61 2e 20 | 20 41 74 20 70 72 65 73 |s area. | At pres|
|000042d0| 65 6e 74 20 74 68 69 73 | 20 69 73 20 61 20 74 65 |ent this| is a te|
|000042e0| 63 68 6e 69 71 75 65 20 | 69 6e 0d 0a 73 65 61 72 |chnique |in..sear|
|000042f0| 63 68 20 6f 66 20 61 6e | 20 69 6e 64 69 63 61 74 |ch of an| indicat|
|00004300| 69 6f 6e 2e 20 20 49 20 | 74 68 69 6e 6b 20 74 68 |ion. I |think th|
|00004310| 65 20 61 75 74 68 6f 72 | 73 27 20 66 69 6e 61 6c |e author|s' final|
|00004320| 20 73 65 6e 74 65 6e 63 | 65 20 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 | sentenc|e should|
|00004330| 20 62 65 0d 0a 73 74 72 | 6f 6e 67 6c 79 20 65 6d | be..str|ongly em|
|00004340| 70 68 61 73 69 7a 65 64 | 2c 20 22 46 75 72 74 68 |phasized|, "Furth|
|00004350| 65 72 20 74 65 73 74 69 | 6e 67 20 69 73 20 6e 65 |er testi|ng is ne|
|00004360| 63 65 73 73 61 72 79 20 | 62 65 66 6f 72 65 20 69 |cessary |before i|
|00004370| 74 73 20 77 69 64 65 73 | 70 72 65 61 64 0d 0a 72 |ts wides|pread..r|
|00004380| 6f 75 74 69 6e 65 20 63 | 6c 69 6e 69 63 61 6c 20 |outine c|linical |
|00004390| 75 73 65 2e 22 2d 2d 4a | 2e 44 2e 20 47 6f 6c 64 |use."--J|.D. Gold|
|000043a0| 62 65 72 67 2c 20 4d 2e | 44 2e 0d 0a 24 55 6e 69 |berg, M.|D...$Uni|
|000043b0| 71 75 65 5f 49 44 7b 59 | 52 42 30 32 32 30 34 7d |que_ID{Y|RB02204}|
|000043c0| 0d 0a 24 54 69 74 6c 65 | 7b 46 6f 65 74 61 6c 20 |..$Title|{Foetal |
|000043d0| 57 6f 75 6e 64 20 48 65 | 61 6c 69 6e 67 20 69 6e |Wound He|aling in|
|000043e0| 20 61 20 4c 61 72 67 65 | 20 41 6e 69 6d 61 6c 20 | a Large| Animal |
|000043f0| 4d 6f 64 65 6c 3a 20 20 | 54 68 65 20 44 65 70 6f |Model: |The Depo|
|00004400| 73 69 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f | 66 0d 0a 43 6f 6c 6c 61 |sition o|f..Colla|
|00004410| 67 65 6e 20 49 73 20 43 | 6f 6e 66 69 72 6d 65 64 |gen Is C|onfirmed|
|00004420| 7d 0d 0a 24 41 75 74 68 | 6f 72 7b 0d 0a 42 75 72 |}..$Auth|or{..Bur|
|00004430| 64 2c 20 44 41 52 0d 0a | 4c 6f 6e 67 61 6b 65 72 |d, DAR..|Longaker|
|00004440| 2c 20 4d 54 0d 0a 41 64 | 7a 69 63 6b 2c 20 4e 53 |, MT..Ad|zick, NS|
|00004450| 0d 0a 48 61 72 72 69 73 | 6f 6e 2c 20 4d 52 0d 0a |..Harris|on, MR..|
|00004460| 45 68 72 6c 69 63 68 2c | 20 48 50 7d 0d 0a 24 41 |Ehrlich,| HP}..$A|
|00004470| 66 66 69 6c 69 61 74 69 | 6f 6e 7b 53 68 72 69 6e |ffiliati|on{Shrin|
|00004480| 65 72 73 20 42 75 72 6e | 73 20 49 6e 73 74 2c 20 |ers Burn|s Inst, |
|00004490| 42 6f 73 74 6f 6e 3b 20 | 55 6e 69 76 20 6f 66 20 |Boston; |Univ of |
|000044a0| 43 61 6c 69 66 6f 72 6e | 69 61 2c 20 53 61 6e 20 |Californ|ia, San |
|000044b0| 46 72 61 6e 63 69 73 63 | 6f 7d 0d 0a 24 4a 6f 75 |Francisc|o}..$Jou|
|000044c0| 72 6e 61 6c 7b 42 72 20 | 4a 20 50 6c 61 73 74 20 |rnal{Br |J Plast |
|000044d0| 53 75 72 67 7d 0d 0a 24 | 56 6f 6c 75 6d 65 7b 34 |Surg}..$|Volume{4|
|000044e0| 33 7d 0d 0a 24 50 61 67 | 65 7b 35 37 31 2d 35 37 |3}..$Pag|e{571-57|
|000044f0| 37 7d 0d 0a 24 44 61 74 | 65 7b 31 39 39 30 7d 0d |7}..$Dat|e{1990}.|
|00004500| 0a 24 59 42 56 6f 6c 7b | 31 39 39 31 20 59 65 61 |.$YBVol{|1991 Yea|
|00004510| 72 20 42 6f 6f 6b 20 6f | 66 20 4e 65 6f 6e 61 74 |r Book o|f Neonat|
|00004520| 61 6c 20 61 6e 64 20 50 | 65 72 69 6e 61 74 61 6c |al and P|erinatal|
|00004530| 20 4d 65 64 69 63 69 6e | 65 7d 0d 0a 24 43 68 61 | Medicin|e}..$Cha|
|00004540| 70 74 65 72 7b 31 2d 31 | 31 7d 0d 0a 24 59 42 45 |pter{1-1|1}..$YBE|
|00004550| 64 69 74 6f 72 7b 44 72 | 73 2e 20 4b 6c 61 75 73 |ditor{Dr|s. Klaus|
|00004560| 20 61 6e 64 20 46 61 6e | 61 72 6f 66 66 7d 0d 0a | and Fan|aroff}..|
|00004570| 24 54 61 62 6c 65 7b 7d | 0d 0a 24 43 6f 6d 6d 65 |$Table{}|..$Comme|
|00004580| 6e 74 61 74 6f 72 7b 7d | 0d 0a 0d 0a 43 6f 70 79 |ntator{}|....Copy|
|00004590| 72 69 67 68 74 20 28 43 | 29 20 59 65 61 72 20 42 |right (C|) Year B|
|000045a0| 6f 6f 6b 20 4d 65 64 69 | 63 61 6c 20 50 75 62 6c |ook Medi|cal Publ|
|000045b0| 69 73 68 65 72 73 2c 20 | 49 6e 63 2e 20 31 39 39 |ishers, |Inc. 199|
|000045c0| 31 0d 0a 0d 0a 31 39 39 | 31 20 59 65 61 72 20 42 |1....199|1 Year B|
|000045d0| 6f 6f 6b 20 6f 66 20 4e | 65 6f 6e 61 74 61 6c 20 |ook of N|eonatal |
|000045e0| 61 6e 64 20 50 65 72 69 | 6e 61 74 61 6c 20 4d 65 |and Peri|natal Me|
|000045f0| 64 69 63 69 6e 65 0d 0a | 0d 0a 43 68 61 70 74 65 |dicine..|..Chapte|
|00004600| 72 20 31 2d 2d 20 54 68 | 65 20 46 65 74 75 73 0d |r 1-- Th|e Fetus.|
|00004610| 0a 0d 0a 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |...-----|--------|
|00004620| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00004630| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00004640| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00004650| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00004660| 2d 0d 0a 46 6f 65 74 61 | 6c 20 57 6f 75 6e 64 20 |-..Foeta|l Wound |
|00004670| 48 65 61 6c 69 6e 67 20 | 69 6e 20 61 20 4c 61 72 |Healing |in a Lar|
|00004680| 67 65 20 41 6e 69 6d 61 | 6c 20 4d 6f 64 65 6c 3a |ge Anima|l Model:|
|00004690| 20 20 54 68 65 20 44 65 | 70 6f 73 69 74 69 6f 6e | The De|position|
|000046a0| 20 6f 66 20 43 6f 6c 6c | 61 67 65 6e 20 49 73 0d | of Coll|agen Is.|
|000046b0| 0a 43 6f 6e 66 69 72 6d | 65 64 0d 0a 0d 0a 42 75 |.Confirm|ed....Bu|
|000046c0| 72 64 20 44 41 52 3b 20 | 4c 6f 6e 67 61 6b 65 72 |rd DAR; |Longaker|
|000046d0| 20 4d 54 3b 20 41 64 7a | 69 63 6b 20 4e 53 3b 20 | MT; Adz|ick NS; |
|000046e0| 48 61 72 72 69 73 6f 6e | 20 4d 52 3b 20 45 68 72 |Harrison| MR; Ehr|
|000046f0| 6c 69 63 68 20 48 50 0d | 0a 28 53 68 72 69 6e 65 |lich HP.|.(Shrine|
|00004700| 72 73 20 42 75 72 6e 73 | 20 49 6e 73 74 2c 20 42 |rs Burns| Inst, B|
|00004710| 6f 73 74 6f 6e 3b 20 55 | 6e 69 76 20 6f 66 20 43 |oston; U|niv of C|
|00004720| 61 6c 69 66 6f 72 6e 69 | 61 2c 20 53 61 6e 20 46 |aliforni|a, San F|
|00004730| 72 61 6e 63 69 73 63 6f | 29 0d 0a 42 72 20 4a 20 |rancisco|)..Br J |
|00004740| 50 6c 61 73 74 20 53 75 | 72 67 20 34 33 3a 35 37 |Plast Su|rg 43:57|
|00004750| 31 2d 35 37 37 2c 20 31 | 39 39 30 0d 0a 2d 2d 2d |1-577, 1|990..---|
|00004760| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00004770| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00004780| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00004790| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000047a0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 0d 0a 0d 0a 41 |--------|---....A|
|000047b0| 62 73 74 72 61 63 74 0d | 0a 0d 0a 20 20 20 20 20 |bstract.|... |
|000047c0| 57 6f 75 6e 64 20 68 65 | 61 6c 69 6e 67 20 69 6e |Wound he|aling in|
|000047d0| 20 74 68 65 20 66 65 74 | 75 73 20 6f 63 63 75 72 | the fet|us occur|
|000047e0| 73 20 77 69 74 68 6f 75 | 74 20 73 63 61 72 72 69 |s withou|t scarri|
|000047f0| 6e 67 2e 20 20 42 65 63 | 61 75 73 65 20 63 6f 6c |ng. Bec|ause col|
|00004800| 6c 61 67 65 6e 20 69 73 | 0d 0a 61 20 6d 61 6a 6f |lagen is|..a majo|
|00004810| 72 20 73 74 72 75 63 74 | 75 72 61 6c 20 70 72 6f |r struct|ural pro|
|00004820| 74 65 69 6e 20 6f 66 20 | 73 63 61 72 20 74 69 73 |tein of |scar tis|
|00004830| 73 75 65 2c 20 74 68 65 | 20 70 72 65 73 65 6e 63 |sue, the| presenc|
|00004840| 65 20 61 6e 64 20 6e 61 | 74 75 72 65 20 6f 66 20 |e and na|ture of |
|00004850| 63 6f 6c 6c 61 67 65 6e | 0d 0a 64 65 70 6f 73 69 |collagen|..deposi|
|00004860| 74 69 6f 6e 20 69 6e 20 | 66 65 74 61 6c 20 77 6f |tion in |fetal wo|
|00004870| 75 6e 64 73 20 77 61 73 | 20 69 6e 76 65 73 74 69 |unds was| investi|
|00004880| 67 61 74 65 64 20 75 73 | 69 6e 67 20 61 20 77 65 |gated us|ing a we|
|00004890| 6c 6c 2d 64 65 76 65 6c | 6f 70 65 64 20 6c 61 72 |ll-devel|oped lar|
|000048a0| 67 65 0d 0a 61 6e 69 6d | 61 6c 20 6d 6f 64 65 6c |ge..anim|al model|
|000048b0| 2e 20 20 41 20 70 72 65 | 76 69 6f 75 73 20 73 74 |. A pre|vious st|
|000048c0| 75 64 79 20 73 68 6f 77 | 65 64 20 74 68 61 74 20 |udy show|ed that |
|000048d0| 74 68 65 20 63 65 6c 6c | 75 6c 61 72 20 61 6e 64 |the cell|ular and|
|000048e0| 20 6d 61 74 72 69 78 20 | 73 65 71 75 65 6e 63 65 | matrix |sequence|
|000048f0| 0d 0a 6f 66 20 65 76 65 | 6e 74 73 20 69 6e 20 70 |..of eve|nts in p|
|00004900| 6f 6c 79 76 69 6e 79 6c | 20 61 6c 63 6f 68 6f 6c |olyvinyl| alcohol|
|00004910| 20 73 70 6f 6e 67 65 73 | 20 69 6d 70 6c 61 6e 74 | sponges| implant|
|00004920| 65 64 20 69 6e 20 61 64 | 75 6c 74 20 69 6e 63 69 |ed in ad|ult inci|
|00004930| 73 69 6f 6e 20 77 6f 75 | 6e 64 73 0d 0a 72 65 66 |sion wou|nds..ref|
|00004940| 6c 65 63 74 20 74 68 65 | 20 65 76 65 6e 74 73 20 |lect the| events |
|00004950| 6f 66 20 69 6e 63 69 73 | 69 6f 6e 61 6c 20 77 6f |of incis|ional wo|
|00004960| 75 6e 64 20 68 65 61 6c | 69 6e 67 20 69 6e 20 70 |und heal|ing in p|
|00004970| 6f 73 74 6e 61 74 61 6c | 20 73 6b 69 6e 2e 20 20 |ostnatal| skin. |
|00004980| 49 6e 20 38 0d 0a 70 72 | 65 67 6e 61 6e 74 20 65 |In 8..pr|egnant e|
|00004990| 77 65 73 2c 20 61 74 20 | 37 35 20 61 6e 64 20 31 |wes, at |75 and 1|
|000049a0| 30 30 20 64 61 79 73 27 | 20 67 65 73 74 61 74 69 |00 days'| gestati|
|000049b0| 6f 6e 20 28 74 65 72 6d | 20 3d 20 31 34 35 20 64 |on (term| = 145 d|
|000049c0| 61 79 73 29 2c 20 70 6f | 6c 79 76 69 6e 79 6c 0d |ays), po|lyvinyl.|
|000049d0| 0a 61 6c 63 6f 68 6f 6c | 20 73 70 6f 6e 67 65 73 |.alcohol| sponges|
|000049e0| 20 77 65 72 65 20 69 6d | 70 6c 61 6e 74 65 64 20 | were im|planted |
|000049f0| 69 6e 20 69 6e 63 69 73 | 69 6f 6e 73 20 6d 61 64 |in incis|ions mad|
|00004a00| 65 20 61 74 20 74 68 65 | 20 62 61 63 6b 20 6f 66 |e at the| back of|
|00004a10| 20 74 68 65 20 66 65 74 | 75 73 2c 20 61 6e 64 0d | the fet|us, and.|
|00004a20| 0a 74 68 65 20 69 6e 63 | 69 73 69 6f 6e 20 77 61 |.the inc|ision wa|
|00004a30| 73 20 63 6c 6f 73 65 64 | 2e 20 20 43 6f 6c 6c 61 |s closed|. Colla|
|00004a40| 67 65 6e 20 64 65 70 6f | 73 69 74 69 6f 6e 20 77 |gen depo|sition w|
|00004a50| 61 73 20 73 74 75 64 69 | 65 64 20 68 69 73 74 6f |as studi|ed histo|
|00004a60| 6c 6f 67 69 63 61 6c 6c | 79 20 77 69 74 68 0d 0a |logicall|y with..|
|00004a70| 74 72 69 63 68 72 6f 6d | 65 20 73 74 61 69 6e 69 |trichrom|e staini|
|00004a80| 6e 67 20 61 6e 64 20 62 | 69 6f 63 68 65 6d 69 63 |ng and b|iochemic|
|00004a90| 61 6c 6c 79 20 61 74 20 | 35 20 74 6f 20 32 30 20 |ally at |5 to 20 |
|00004aa0| 64 61 79 73 20 61 66 74 | 65 72 20 69 6d 70 6c 61 |days aft|er impla|
|00004ab0| 6e 74 61 74 69 6f 6e 2e | 20 20 54 68 65 0d 0a 72 |ntation.| The..r|
|00004ac0| 65 73 75 6c 74 73 20 77 | 65 72 65 20 63 6f 6d 70 |esults w|ere comp|
|00004ad0| 61 72 65 64 20 74 6f 20 | 74 68 6f 73 65 20 6f 66 |ared to |those of|
|00004ae0| 20 73 70 6f 6e 67 65 73 | 20 69 6d 70 6c 61 6e 74 | sponges| implant|
|00004af0| 65 64 20 69 6e 20 6e 6f | 6e 70 72 65 67 6e 61 6e |ed in no|npregnan|
|00004b00| 74 20 61 64 75 6c 74 0d | 0a 61 6e 69 6d 61 6c 73 |t adult.|.animals|
|00004b10| 2e 0d 0a 20 20 20 20 20 | 54 72 69 63 68 72 6f 6d |... |Trichrom|
|00004b20| 65 20 73 74 61 69 6e 69 | 6e 67 20 73 68 6f 77 65 |e staini|ng showe|
|00004b30| 64 20 63 6f 6c 6c 61 67 | 65 6e 20 64 65 70 6f 73 |d collag|en depos|
|00004b40| 69 74 69 6f 6e 20 69 6e | 20 61 6c 6c 20 66 65 74 |ition in| all fet|
|00004b50| 61 6c 20 61 6e 64 20 61 | 64 75 6c 74 0d 0a 73 70 |al and a|dult..sp|
|00004b60| 6f 6e 67 65 73 2e 20 20 | 4c 69 6b 65 77 69 73 65 |onges. |Likewise|
|00004b70| 2c 20 61 6d 69 6e 6f 20 | 61 63 69 64 20 61 6e 61 |, amino |acid ana|
|00004b80| 6c 79 73 69 73 20 6f 66 | 20 61 63 69 64 20 68 79 |lysis of| acid hy|
|00004b90| 64 72 6f 6c 79 73 61 74 | 65 73 20 6f 66 20 74 68 |drolysat|es of th|
|00004ba0| 65 20 70 6f 6f 6c 65 64 | 0d 0a 73 70 6f 6e 67 65 |e pooled|..sponge|
|00004bb0| 73 20 73 68 6f 77 65 64 | 20 69 6e 63 72 65 61 73 |s showed| increas|
|00004bc0| 65 64 20 6c 65 76 65 6c | 73 20 6f 66 20 68 79 64 |ed level|s of hyd|
|00004bd0| 72 6f 78 79 70 72 6f 6c | 69 6e 65 2c 20 61 20 62 |roxyprol|ine, a b|
|00004be0| 69 6f 63 68 65 6d 69 63 | 61 6c 20 6d 61 72 6b 65 |iochemic|al marke|
|00004bf0| 72 20 66 6f 72 0d 0a 63 | 6f 6c 6c 61 67 65 6e 2e |r for..c|ollagen.|
|00004c00| 20 20 54 79 70 65 20 49 | 20 63 6f 6c 6c 61 67 65 | Type I| collage|
|00004c10| 6e 20 77 61 73 20 65 78 | 74 72 61 63 74 65 64 20 |n was ex|tracted |
|00004c20| 69 6e 20 73 70 6f 6e 67 | 65 73 20 62 65 74 77 65 |in spong|es betwe|
|00004c30| 65 6e 20 31 30 20 61 6e | 64 20 32 30 20 64 61 79 |en 10 an|d 20 day|
|00004c40| 73 2c 0d 0a 62 75 74 20 | 64 65 63 72 65 61 73 65 |s,..but |decrease|
|00004c50| 64 20 74 68 65 72 65 61 | 66 74 65 72 2e 20 20 54 |d therea|fter. T|
|00004c60| 68 65 72 65 20 77 61 73 | 20 61 6c 73 6f 20 61 20 |here was| also a |
|00004c70| 70 72 6f 67 72 65 73 73 | 69 76 65 20 72 69 73 65 |progress|ive rise|
|00004c80| 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 | 62 72 65 61 6b 69 6e 67 | in the |breaking|
|00004c90| 0d 0a 73 74 72 65 6e 67 | 74 68 20 6f 66 20 74 68 |..streng|th of th|
|00004ca0| 65 20 77 6f 75 6e 64 20 | 74 69 73 73 75 65 2e 0d |e wound |tissue..|
|00004cb0| 0a 20 20 20 20 20 54 68 | 65 73 65 20 64 61 74 61 |. Th|ese data|
|00004cc0| 20 63 6f 6e 66 69 72 6d | 20 74 68 65 20 64 65 70 | confirm| the dep|
|00004cd0| 6f 73 69 74 69 6f 6e 20 | 6f 66 20 63 6f 6c 6c 61 |osition |of colla|
|00004ce0| 67 65 6e 20 64 75 72 69 | 6e 67 20 66 65 74 61 6c |gen duri|ng fetal|
|00004cf0| 20 77 6f 75 6e 64 20 68 | 65 61 6c 69 6e 67 0d 0a | wound h|ealing..|
|00004d00| 69 6e 20 61 20 6c 61 72 | 67 65 20 61 6e 69 6d 61 |in a lar|ge anima|
|00004d10| 6c 20 6d 6f 64 65 6c 2e | 20 20 49 74 20 68 61 73 |l model.| It has|
|00004d20| 20 62 65 65 6e 20 73 75 | 67 67 65 73 74 65 64 20 | been su|ggested |
|00004d30| 74 68 61 74 20 6d 61 63 | 72 6f 70 68 61 67 65 73 |that mac|rophages|
|00004d40| 20 61 72 65 20 74 68 65 | 20 6d 61 6a 6f 72 0d 0a | are the| major..|
|00004d50| 65 66 66 65 63 74 6f 72 | 20 63 65 6c 6c 73 20 74 |effector| cells t|
|00004d60| 68 61 74 20 6d 6f 62 69 | 6c 69 7a 65 20 66 69 62 |hat mobi|lize fib|
|00004d70| 72 6f 62 6c 61 73 74 73 | 20 61 6e 64 20 63 6f 6e |roblasts| and con|
|00004d80| 74 72 6f 6c 20 74 68 65 | 20 64 65 70 6f 73 69 74 |trol the| deposit|
|00004d90| 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 6d | 61 74 72 69 78 0d 0a 6f |ion of m|atrix..o|
|00004da0| 66 20 72 65 70 61 69 72 | 2e 20 20 54 68 65 20 73 |f repair|. The s|
|00004db0| 75 70 70 72 65 73 73 69 | 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 6e 6f |uppressi|on of no|
|00004dc0| 6e 2d 73 69 74 65 2d 73 | 70 65 63 69 66 69 63 20 |n-site-s|pecific |
|00004dd0| 6d 61 63 72 6f 70 68 61 | 67 65 73 20 69 6e 20 63 |macropha|ges in c|
|00004de0| 6f 6d 62 69 6e 61 74 69 | 6f 6e 0d 0a 77 69 74 68 |ombinati|on..with|
|00004df0| 20 61 63 74 69 76 61 74 | 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 73 | activat|ion of s|
|00004e00| 69 74 65 2d 73 70 65 63 | 69 66 69 63 20 66 69 62 |ite-spec|ific fib|
|00004e10| 72 6f 62 6c 61 73 74 73 | 20 6d 61 79 20 62 65 20 |roblasts| may be |
|00004e20| 61 20 70 6f 74 65 6e 74 | 69 61 6c 20 6d 65 63 68 |a potent|ial mech|
|00004e30| 61 6e 69 73 6d 20 66 6f | 72 0d 0a 61 63 68 69 65 |anism fo|r..achie|
|00004e40| 76 69 6e 67 20 73 63 61 | 72 6c 65 73 73 20 68 65 |ving sca|rless he|
|00004e50| 61 6c 69 6e 67 20 69 6e | 20 70 6f 73 74 6e 61 74 |aling in| postnat|
|00004e60| 61 6c 20 77 6f 75 6e 64 | 73 2e 0d 0a 24 55 6e 69 |al wound|s...$Uni|
|00004e70| 71 75 65 5f 49 44 7b 59 | 52 42 30 32 32 30 35 7d |que_ID{Y|RB02205}|
|00004e80| 0d 0a 24 54 69 74 6c 65 | 7b 53 74 75 64 69 65 73 |..$Title|{Studies|
|00004e90| 20 69 6e 20 46 65 74 61 | 6c 20 57 6f 75 6e 64 20 | in Feta|l Wound |
|00004ea0| 48 65 61 6c 69 6e 67 2e | 20 20 56 49 3a 20 20 53 |Healing.| VI: S|
|00004eb0| 65 63 6f 6e 64 20 61 6e | 64 20 45 61 72 6c 79 20 |econd an|d Early |
|00004ec0| 54 68 69 72 64 20 54 72 | 69 6d 65 73 74 65 72 0d |Third Tr|imester.|
|00004ed0| 0a 46 65 74 61 6c 20 57 | 6f 75 6e 64 73 20 44 65 |.Fetal W|ounds De|
|00004ee0| 6d 6f 6e 73 74 72 61 74 | 65 20 52 61 70 69 64 20 |monstrat|e Rapid |
|00004ef0| 43 6f 6c 6c 61 67 65 6e | 20 44 65 70 6f 73 69 74 |Collagen| Deposit|
|00004f00| 69 6f 6e 20 57 69 74 68 | 6f 75 74 20 53 63 61 72 |ion With|out Scar|
|00004f10| 20 46 6f 72 6d 61 74 69 | 6f 6e 7d 0d 0a 24 41 75 | Formati|on}..$Au|
|00004f20| 74 68 6f 72 7b 0d 0a 4c | 6f 6e 67 61 6b 65 72 2c |thor{..L|ongaker,|
|00004f30| 20 4d 54 0d 0a 57 68 69 | 74 62 79 2c 20 44 4a 0d | MT..Whi|tby, DJ.|
|00004f40| 0a 41 64 7a 69 63 6b 2c | 20 4e 53 0d 0a 43 72 6f |.Adzick,| NS..Cro|
|00004f50| 6d 62 6c 65 68 6f 6c 6d | 65 2c 20 54 4d 0d 0a 4c |mbleholm|e, TM..L|
|00004f60| 61 6e 67 65 72 2c 20 4a | 43 0d 0a 44 75 6e 63 61 |anger, J|C..Dunca|
|00004f70| 6e 2c 20 42 57 0d 0a 42 | 72 61 64 6c 65 79 2c 20 |n, BW..B|radley, |
|00004f80| 53 4d 0d 0a 53 74 65 72 | 6e 2c 20 52 0d 0a 46 65 |SM..Ster|n, R..Fe|
|00004f90| 72 67 75 73 6f 6e 2c 20 | 4d 57 4a 0d 0a 48 61 72 |rguson, |MWJ..Har|
|00004fa0| 72 69 73 6f 6e 2c 20 4d | 52 7d 0d 0a 24 41 66 66 |rison, M|R}..$Aff|
|00004fb0| 69 6c 69 61 74 69 6f 6e | 7b 55 6e 69 76 20 6f 66 |iliation|{Univ of|
|00004fc0| 20 43 61 6c 69 66 6f 72 | 6e 69 61 2c 20 53 61 6e | Califor|nia, San|
|00004fd0| 20 46 72 61 6e 63 69 73 | 63 6f 3b 20 55 6e 69 76 | Francis|co; Univ|
|00004fe0| 20 6f 66 20 4d 61 6e 63 | 68 65 73 74 65 72 2c 20 | of Manc|hester, |
|00004ff0| 45 6e 67 6c 61 6e 64 7d | 0d 0a 24 4a 6f 75 72 6e |England}|..$Journ|
|00005000| 61 6c 7b 4a 20 50 65 64 | 69 61 74 72 20 53 75 72 |al{J Ped|iatr Sur|
|00005010| 67 7d 0d 0a 24 56 6f 6c | 75 6d 65 7b 32 35 7d 0d |g}..$Vol|ume{25}.|
|00005020| 0a 24 50 61 67 65 7b 36 | 33 2d 36 39 7d 0d 0a 24 |.$Page{6|3-69}..$|
|00005030| 44 61 74 65 7b 31 39 39 | 30 7d 0d 0a 24 59 42 56 |Date{199|0}..$YBV|
|00005040| 6f 6c 7b 31 39 39 31 20 | 59 65 61 72 20 42 6f 6f |ol{1991 |Year Boo|
|00005050| 6b 20 6f 66 20 4e 65 6f | 6e 61 74 61 6c 20 61 6e |k of Neo|natal an|
|00005060| 64 20 50 65 72 69 6e 61 | 74 61 6c 20 4d 65 64 69 |d Perina|tal Medi|
|00005070| 63 69 6e 65 7d 0d 0a 24 | 43 68 61 70 74 65 72 7b |cine}..$|Chapter{|
|00005080| 31 2d 31 32 7d 0d 0a 24 | 59 42 45 64 69 74 6f 72 |1-12}..$|YBEditor|
|00005090| 7b 44 72 73 2e 20 4b 6c | 61 75 73 20 61 6e 64 20 |{Drs. Kl|aus and |
|000050a0| 46 61 6e 61 72 6f 66 66 | 7d 0d 0a 24 54 61 62 6c |Fanaroff|}..$Tabl|
|000050b0| 65 7b 54 61 62 6c 65 20 | 4f 6d 69 74 74 65 64 7d |e{Table |Omitted}|
|000050c0| 0d 0a 24 43 6f 6d 6d 65 | 6e 74 61 74 6f 72 7b 4d |..$Comme|ntator{M|
|000050d0| 2e 48 2e 20 4b 6c 61 75 | 73 2c 20 4d 2e 44 2e 7d |.H. Klau|s, M.D.}|
|000050e0| 0d 0a 0d 0a 43 6f 70 79 | 72 69 67 68 74 20 28 43 |....Copy|right (C|
|000050f0| 29 20 59 65 61 72 20 42 | 6f 6f 6b 20 4d 65 64 69 |) Year B|ook Medi|
|00005100| 63 61 6c 20 50 75 62 6c | 69 73 68 65 72 73 2c 20 |cal Publ|ishers, |
|00005110| 49 6e 63 2e 20 31 39 39 | 31 0d 0a 0d 0a 31 39 39 |Inc. 199|1....199|
|00005120| 31 20 59 65 61 72 20 42 | 6f 6f 6b 20 6f 66 20 4e |1 Year B|ook of N|
|00005130| 65 6f 6e 61 74 61 6c 20 | 61 6e 64 20 50 65 72 69 |eonatal |and Peri|
|00005140| 6e 61 74 61 6c 20 4d 65 | 64 69 63 69 6e 65 0d 0a |natal Me|dicine..|
|00005150| 0d 0a 43 68 61 70 74 65 | 72 20 31 2d 2d 20 54 68 |..Chapte|r 1-- Th|
|00005160| 65 20 46 65 74 75 73 0d | 0a 0d 0a 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |e Fetus.|...-----|
|00005170| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00005180| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00005190| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000051a0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000051b0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 0d 0a 53 74 75 64 69 |--------|-..Studi|
|000051c0| 65 73 20 69 6e 20 46 65 | 74 61 6c 20 57 6f 75 6e |es in Fe|tal Woun|
|000051d0| 64 20 48 65 61 6c 69 6e | 67 2e 20 20 56 49 3a 20 |d Healin|g. VI: |
|000051e0| 20 53 65 63 6f 6e 64 20 | 61 6e 64 20 45 61 72 6c | Second |and Earl|
|000051f0| 79 20 54 68 69 72 64 20 | 54 72 69 6d 65 73 74 65 |y Third |Trimeste|
|00005200| 72 20 46 65 74 61 6c 0d | 0a 57 6f 75 6e 64 73 20 |r Fetal.|.Wounds |
|00005210| 44 65 6d 6f 6e 73 74 72 | 61 74 65 20 52 61 70 69 |Demonstr|ate Rapi|
|00005220| 64 20 43 6f 6c 6c 61 67 | 65 6e 20 44 65 70 6f 73 |d Collag|en Depos|
|00005230| 69 74 69 6f 6e 20 57 69 | 74 68 6f 75 74 20 53 63 |ition Wi|thout Sc|
|00005240| 61 72 20 46 6f 72 6d 61 | 74 69 6f 6e 0d 0a 0d 0a |ar Forma|tion....|
|00005250| 4c 6f 6e 67 61 6b 65 72 | 20 4d 54 3b 20 57 68 69 |Longaker| MT; Whi|
|00005260| 74 62 79 20 44 4a 3b 20 | 41 64 7a 69 63 6b 20 4e |tby DJ; |Adzick N|
|00005270| 53 3b 20 43 72 6f 6d 62 | 6c 65 68 6f 6c 6d 65 20 |S; Cromb|leholme |
|00005280| 54 4d 3b 20 4c 61 6e 67 | 65 72 20 4a 43 3b 20 44 |TM; Lang|er JC; D|
|00005290| 75 6e 63 61 6e 20 42 57 | 3b 0d 0a 42 72 61 64 6c |uncan BW|;..Bradl|
|000052a0| 65 79 20 53 4d 3b 20 53 | 74 65 72 6e 20 52 3b 20 |ey SM; S|tern R; |
|000052b0| 46 65 72 67 75 73 6f 6e | 20 4d 57 4a 3b 20 48 61 |Ferguson| MWJ; Ha|
|000052c0| 72 72 69 73 6f 6e 20 4d | 52 0d 0a 28 55 6e 69 76 |rrison M|R..(Univ|
|000052d0| 20 6f 66 20 43 61 6c 69 | 66 6f 72 6e 69 61 2c 20 | of Cali|fornia, |
|000052e0| 53 61 6e 20 46 72 61 6e | 63 69 73 63 6f 3b 20 55 |San Fran|cisco; U|
|000052f0| 6e 69 76 20 6f 66 20 4d | 61 6e 63 68 65 73 74 65 |niv of M|ancheste|
|00005300| 72 2c 20 45 6e 67 6c 61 | 6e 64 29 0d 0a 4a 20 50 |r, Engla|nd)..J P|
|00005310| 65 64 69 61 74 72 20 53 | 75 72 67 20 32 35 3a 36 |ediatr S|urg 25:6|
|00005320| 33 2d 36 39 2c 20 31 39 | 39 30 0d 0a 2d 2d 2d 2d |3-69, 19|90..----|
|00005330| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00005340| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00005350| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00005360| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00005370| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 0d 0a 0d 0a 41 62 |--------|--....Ab|
|00005380| 73 74 72 61 63 74 0d 0a | 0d 0a 20 20 20 20 20 57 |stract..|.. W|
|00005390| 6f 75 6e 64 20 68 65 61 | 6c 69 6e 67 20 69 6e 20 |ound hea|ling in |
|000053a0| 74 68 65 20 66 65 74 75 | 73 20 69 73 20 72 61 70 |the fetu|s is rap|
|000053b0| 69 64 20 61 6e 64 20 77 | 69 74 68 6f 75 74 20 73 |id and w|ithout s|
|000053c0| 63 61 72 20 66 6f 72 6d | 61 74 69 6f 6e 2e 20 20 |car form|ation. |
|000053d0| 54 68 65 0d 0a 6d 65 63 | 68 61 6e 69 73 6d 73 20 |The..mec|hanisms |
|000053e0| 74 68 61 74 20 75 6e 64 | 65 72 6c 69 65 20 74 68 |that und|erlie th|
|000053f0| 65 20 6c 61 63 6b 20 6f | 66 20 73 63 61 72 72 69 |e lack o|f scarri|
|00005400| 6e 67 20 69 6e 20 66 65 | 74 61 6c 20 77 6f 75 6e |ng in fe|tal woun|
|00005410| 64 73 20 72 65 6d 61 69 | 6e 20 75 6e 6b 6e 6f 77 |ds remai|n unknow|
|00005420| 6e 2c 0d 0a 62 75 74 20 | 74 68 65 79 20 6d 61 79 |n,..but |they may|
|00005430| 20 72 65 6c 61 74 65 20 | 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 64 | relate |to the d|
|00005440| 79 6e 61 6d 69 63 73 20 | 6f 66 20 63 6f 6c 6c 61 |ynamics |of colla|
|00005450| 67 65 6e 20 64 65 70 6f | 73 69 74 69 6f 6e 2e 20 |gen depo|sition. |
|00005460| 20 53 65 76 65 72 61 6c | 20 6d 6f 64 65 6c 73 0d | Several| models.|
|00005470| 0a 68 61 76 65 20 62 65 | 65 6e 20 75 73 65 64 20 |.have be|en used |
|00005480| 74 6f 20 73 74 75 64 79 | 20 63 6f 6c 6c 61 67 65 |to study| collage|
|00005490| 6e 20 64 65 70 6f 73 69 | 74 69 6f 6e 20 69 6e 20 |n deposi|tion in |
|000054a0| 66 65 74 61 6c 20 77 6f | 75 6e 64 73 2c 20 62 75 |fetal wo|unds, bu|
|000054b0| 74 20 74 68 65 73 65 20 | 6d 6f 64 65 6c 73 0d 0a |t these |models..|
|000054c0| 63 72 65 61 74 65 20 61 | 6e 20 61 72 74 69 66 69 |create a|n artifi|
|000054d0| 63 69 61 6c 20 77 6f 75 | 6e 64 20 65 6e 76 69 72 |cial wou|nd envir|
|000054e0| 6f 6e 6d 65 6e 74 20 74 | 68 61 74 20 61 66 66 65 |onment t|hat affe|
|000054f0| 63 74 73 20 74 68 65 20 | 72 65 73 75 6c 74 73 2e |cts the |results.|
|00005500| 0d 0a 20 20 20 20 20 44 | 65 70 6f 73 69 74 69 6f |.. D|epositio|
|00005510| 6e 20 6f 66 20 63 6f 6c | 6c 61 67 65 6e 20 74 79 |n of col|lagen ty|
|00005520| 70 65 73 20 49 2c 20 49 | 49 49 2c 20 49 56 2c 20 |pes I, I|II, IV, |
|00005530| 61 6e 64 20 56 49 20 64 | 75 72 69 6e 67 20 77 6f |and VI d|uring wo|
|00005540| 75 6e 64 20 68 65 61 6c | 69 6e 67 20 77 61 73 0d |und heal|ing was.|
|00005550| 0a 73 74 75 64 69 65 64 | 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 |.studied| in the |
|00005560| 66 65 74 61 6c 20 6c 61 | 6d 62 20 6f 66 20 37 35 |fetal la|mb of 75|
|00005570| 2c 20 31 30 30 2c 20 61 | 6e 64 20 31 32 30 20 64 |, 100, a|nd 120 d|
|00005580| 61 79 73 27 20 67 65 73 | 74 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 61 |ays' ges|tation a|
|00005590| 6e 64 20 69 6e 20 74 68 | 65 0d 0a 61 64 75 6c 74 |nd in th|e..adult|
|000055a0| 2e 20 20 54 6f 20 73 74 | 75 64 79 20 66 65 74 61 |. To st|udy feta|
|000055b0| 6c 20 77 6f 75 6e 64 73 | 20 77 69 74 68 6f 75 74 |l wounds| without|
|000055c0| 20 61 72 74 69 66 69 63 | 69 61 6c 6c 79 20 61 6c | artific|ially al|
|000055d0| 74 65 72 69 6e 67 20 74 | 68 65 20 77 6f 75 6e 64 |tering t|he wound|
|000055e0| 0d 0a 65 6e 76 69 72 6f | 6e 6d 65 6e 74 2c 20 61 |..enviro|nment, a|
|000055f0| 20 68 69 67 68 6c 79 20 | 73 65 6e 73 69 74 69 76 | highly |sensitiv|
|00005600| 65 20 69 6d 6d 75 6e 6f | 68 69 73 74 6f 63 68 65 |e immuno|histoche|
|00005610| 6d 69 63 61 6c 20 74 65 | 63 68 6e 69 71 75 65 20 |mical te|chnique |
|00005620| 74 68 61 74 20 75 73 65 | 73 0d 0a 61 6e 74 69 62 |that use|s..antib|
|00005630| 6f 64 69 65 73 20 74 6f | 20 63 6f 6c 6c 61 67 65 |odies to| collage|
|00005640| 6e 20 74 79 70 65 73 20 | 49 2c 20 49 49 49 2c 20 |n types |I, III, |
|00005650| 49 56 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 | 56 49 20 77 61 73 20 61 |IV, and |VI was a|
|00005660| 70 70 6c 69 65 64 2e 0d | 0a 20 20 20 20 20 45 70 |pplied..|. Ep|
|00005670| 69 74 68 65 6c 69 61 6c | 69 7a 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 |ithelial|ization |
|00005680| 77 61 73 20 63 6f 6d 70 | 6c 65 74 65 20 62 79 20 |was comp|lete by |
|00005690| 34 38 20 68 6f 75 72 73 | 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 |48 hours| in the |
|000056a0| 37 35 2d 20 61 6e 64 20 | 31 30 30 2d 64 61 79 20 |75- and |100-day |
|000056b0| 66 65 74 75 73 65 73 0d | 0a 61 6e 64 20 62 79 20 |fetuses.|.and by |
|000056c0| 37 32 20 68 6f 75 72 73 | 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 |72 hours| in the |
|000056d0| 31 32 30 2d 64 61 79 20 | 66 65 74 75 73 2c 20 63 |120-day |fetus, c|
|000056e0| 6f 6d 70 61 72 65 64 20 | 74 6f 20 37 20 64 61 79 |ompared |to 7 day|
|000056f0| 73 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 | 20 61 64 75 6c 74 20 77 |s in the| adult w|
|00005700| 6f 75 6e 64 73 2e 0d 0a | 57 6f 75 6e 64 20 63 6f |ounds...|Wound co|
|00005710| 6c 6c 61 67 65 6e 20 64 | 65 70 6f 73 69 74 69 6f |llagen d|epositio|
|00005720| 6e 20 6f 63 63 75 72 72 | 65 64 20 69 6e 20 61 20 |n occurr|ed in a |
|00005730| 6e 6f 72 6d 61 6c 20 64 | 65 72 6d 61 6c 20 61 6e |normal d|ermal an|
|00005740| 64 20 6d 65 73 65 6e 63 | 68 79 6d 61 6c 20 70 61 |d mesenc|hymal pa|
|00005750| 74 74 65 72 6e 0d 0a 69 | 6e 20 73 65 63 6f 6e 64 |ttern..i|n second|
|00005760| 20 61 6e 64 20 65 61 72 | 6c 79 20 74 68 69 72 64 | and ear|ly third|
|00005770| 20 74 72 69 6d 65 73 74 | 65 72 20 66 65 74 61 6c | trimest|er fetal|
|00005780| 20 6c 61 6d 62 73 20 28 | 46 69 67 20 31 2d 32 29 | lambs (|Fig 1-2)|
|00005790| 2e 20 20 54 68 65 20 74 | 69 6d 65 20 61 74 20 77 |. The t|ime at w|
|000057a0| 68 69 63 68 0d 0a 63 6f | 6c 6c 61 67 65 6e 20 64 |hich..co|llagen d|
|000057b0| 65 70 6f 73 69 74 69 6f | 6e 20 77 61 73 20 66 69 |epositio|n was fi|
|000057c0| 72 73 74 20 73 65 65 6e | 20 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 |rst seen| and the|
|000057d0| 20 66 69 6e 61 6c 20 70 | 61 74 74 65 72 6e 20 76 | final p|attern v|
|000057e0| 61 72 69 65 64 20 61 6d | 6f 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 |aried am|ong the |
|000057f0| 33 0d 0a 66 65 74 61 6c | 20 67 72 6f 75 70 73 2e |3..fetal| groups.|
|00005800| 20 20 49 6e 20 31 32 30 | 2d 64 61 79 20 66 65 74 | In 120|-day fet|
|00005810| 75 73 20 6d 69 6e 69 6d | 61 6c 20 6d 65 73 65 6e |us minim|al mesen|
|00005820| 63 68 79 6d 61 6c 20 73 | 63 61 72 72 69 6e 67 20 |chymal s|carring |
|00005830| 77 61 73 20 6f 62 73 65 | 72 76 65 64 20 61 74 0d |was obse|rved at.|
|00005840| 0a 31 34 20 64 61 79 73 | 2e 20 20 49 6e 20 63 6f |.14 days|. In co|
|00005850| 6e 74 72 61 73 74 2c 20 | 69 6e 20 61 64 75 6c 74 |ntrast, |in adult|
|00005860| 73 20 74 68 65 20 63 6f | 6c 6c 61 67 65 6e 20 77 |s the co|llagen w|
|00005870| 61 73 20 64 69 73 6f 72 | 67 61 6e 69 7a 65 64 20 |as disor|ganized |
|00005880| 61 6e 64 20 66 6f 72 6d | 65 64 20 61 0d 0a 64 65 |and form|ed a..de|
|00005890| 6e 73 65 20 6d 65 73 65 | 6e 63 68 79 6d 61 6c 20 |nse mese|nchymal |
|000058a0| 73 63 61 72 20 62 79 20 | 31 34 20 64 61 79 73 20 |scar by |14 days |
|000058b0| 28 46 69 67 20 31 2c 45 | 29 2e 0d 0a 20 20 20 20 |(Fig 1,E|)... |
|000058c0| 20 54 68 65 73 65 20 66 | 69 6e 64 69 6e 67 73 20 | These f|indings |
|000058d0| 61 72 65 20 63 6f 6e 73 | 69 73 74 65 6e 74 20 77 |are cons|istent w|
|000058e0| 69 74 68 20 70 72 65 76 | 69 6f 75 73 20 66 69 6e |ith prev|ious fin|
|000058f0| 64 69 6e 67 73 20 74 68 | 61 74 20 74 68 65 20 66 |dings th|at the f|
|00005900| 65 74 75 73 20 68 65 61 | 6c 73 0d 0a 72 61 70 69 |etus hea|ls..rapi|
|00005910| 64 6c 79 20 61 6e 64 20 | 77 69 74 68 6f 75 74 20 |dly and |without |
|00005920| 73 63 61 72 20 66 6f 72 | 6d 61 74 69 6f 6e 2e 20 |scar for|mation. |
|00005930| 20 54 68 65 72 65 20 6d | 61 79 20 62 65 20 61 20 | There m|ay be a |
|00005940| 73 70 65 63 74 72 75 6d | 20 6f 66 20 66 65 74 61 |spectrum| of feta|
|00005950| 6c 20 77 6f 75 6e 64 0d | 0a 68 65 61 6c 69 6e 67 |l wound.|.healing|
|00005960| 20 61 73 20 61 20 66 75 | 6e 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f | as a fu|nction o|
|00005970| 66 20 67 65 73 74 61 74 | 69 6f 6e 61 6c 20 61 67 |f gestat|ional ag|
|00005980| 65 20 77 69 74 68 20 73 | 63 61 72 20 66 6f 72 6d |e with s|car form|
|00005990| 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 63 | 63 75 72 72 69 6e 67 20 |ation oc|curring |
|000059a0| 69 6e 20 74 68 65 0d 0a | 6c 61 73 74 20 68 61 6c |in the..|last hal|
|000059b0| 66 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 | 20 74 68 69 72 64 20 74 |f of the| third t|
|000059c0| 72 69 6d 65 73 74 65 72 | 2e 20 20 49 66 20 76 65 |rimester|. If ve|
|000059d0| 72 69 66 69 65 64 2c 20 | 74 68 69 73 20 69 6e 66 |rified, |this inf|
|000059e0| 6f 72 6d 61 74 69 6f 6e | 20 6d 61 79 20 62 65 0d |ormation| may be.|
|000059f0| 0a 70 65 72 74 69 6e 65 | 6e 74 20 66 6f 72 20 74 |.pertine|nt for t|
|00005a00| 68 65 20 74 69 6d 69 6e | 67 20 6f 66 20 66 65 74 |he timin|g of fet|
|00005a10| 61 6c 20 69 6e 74 65 72 | 76 65 6e 74 69 6f 6e 20 |al inter|vention |
|00005a20| 66 6f 72 20 63 72 61 6e | 69 6f 66 61 63 69 61 6c |for cran|iofacial|
|00005a30| 20 61 6e 6f 6d 61 6c 69 | 65 73 2c 20 73 6f 0d 0a | anomali|es, so..|
|00005a40| 74 68 61 74 20 73 75 72 | 67 65 6f 6e 73 20 63 61 |that sur|geons ca|
|00005a50| 6e 20 74 61 6b 65 20 61 | 64 76 61 6e 74 61 67 65 |n take a|dvantage|
|00005a60| 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 | 75 6e 69 71 75 65 20 66 | of the |unique f|
|00005a70| 65 74 61 6c 20 77 6f 75 | 6e 64 20 68 65 61 6c 69 |etal wou|nd heali|
|00005a80| 6e 67 20 71 75 61 6c 69 | 74 69 65 73 2e 0d 0a 0d |ng quali|ties....|
|00005a90| 0a 50 6f 73 74 2d 43 6f | 6d 6d 65 6e 74 0d 0a 0d |.Post-Co|mment...|
|00005aa0| 0a 20 20 20 20 20 54 68 | 65 20 6f 62 73 65 72 76 |. Th|e observ|
|00005ab0| 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 62 79 | 20 74 68 69 73 20 67 72 |ation by| this gr|
|00005ac0| 6f 75 70 20 74 68 61 74 | 20 66 65 74 61 6c 20 77 |oup that| fetal w|
|00005ad0| 6f 75 6e 64 73 20 61 72 | 65 20 72 65 70 61 69 72 |ounds ar|e repair|
|00005ae0| 65 64 20 61 66 74 65 72 | 20 32 0d 0a 77 65 65 6b |ed after| 2..week|
|00005af0| 73 20 77 69 74 68 6f 75 | 74 20 61 20 73 63 61 72 |s withou|t a scar|
|00005b00| 20 69 73 20 61 20 6d 61 | 6a 6f 72 20 64 69 73 63 | is a ma|jor disc|
|00005b10| 6f 76 65 72 79 20 74 68 | 61 74 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 |overy th|at will |
|00005b20| 6c 65 61 64 20 65 76 65 | 6e 74 75 61 6c 6c 79 20 |lead eve|ntually |
|00005b30| 74 6f 0d 0a 69 6d 70 6f | 72 74 61 6e 74 20 73 75 |to..impo|rtant su|
|00005b40| 72 67 69 63 61 6c 20 61 | 64 76 61 6e 63 65 73 20 |rgical a|dvances |
|00005b50| 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 63 | 61 72 65 20 6f 66 20 61 |in the c|are of a|
|00005b60| 64 75 6c 74 73 2e 20 20 | 49 6e 74 65 72 65 73 74 |dults. |Interest|
|00005b70| 69 6e 67 6c 79 2c 20 66 | 6f 72 20 75 70 20 74 6f |ingly, f|or up to|
|00005b80| 20 61 0d 0a 77 65 65 6b | 20 73 63 61 72 20 74 69 | a..week| scar ti|
|00005b90| 73 73 75 65 20 69 73 20 | 70 72 65 73 65 6e 74 20 |ssue is |present |
|00005ba0| 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 77 | 6f 75 6e 64 20 6f 66 20 |in the w|ound of |
|00005bb0| 61 20 66 65 74 75 73 20 | 62 75 74 20 62 79 20 31 |a fetus |but by 1|
|00005bc0| 34 20 64 61 79 73 20 74 | 68 69 73 20 69 73 20 6e |4 days t|his is n|
|00005bd0| 6f 0d 0a 6c 6f 6e 67 65 | 72 20 61 70 70 61 72 65 |o..longe|r appare|
|00005be0| 6e 74 2e 20 20 43 6f 6e | 74 72 6f 6c 20 6f 66 20 |nt. Con|trol of |
|00005bf0| 74 68 65 20 72 65 61 72 | 72 61 6e 67 69 6e 67 20 |the rear|ranging |
|00005c00| 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 72 | 65 70 61 69 72 20 74 69 |of the r|epair ti|
|00005c10| 73 73 75 65 20 61 70 70 | 65 61 72 73 20 74 6f 0d |ssue app|ears to.|
|00005c20| 0a 62 65 20 61 6e 20 69 | 6d 70 6f 72 74 61 6e 74 |.be an i|mportant|
|00005c30| 20 70 61 72 74 20 6f 66 | 20 74 68 65 20 70 72 6f | part of| the pro|
|00005c40| 63 65 73 73 2e 20 20 54 | 68 69 73 20 67 72 6f 75 |cess. T|his grou|
|00005c50| 70 20 6e 6f 74 65 64 20 | 74 68 61 74 20 74 68 6f |p noted |that tho|
|00005c60| 75 67 68 20 63 6f 6c 6c | 61 67 65 6e 20 69 73 0d |ugh coll|agen is.|
|00005c70| 0a 64 65 70 6f 73 69 74 | 65 64 20 69 6e 20 74 68 |.deposit|ed in th|
|00005c80| 65 20 77 6f 75 6e 64 20 | 6d 6f 72 65 20 72 61 70 |e wound |more rap|
|00005c90| 69 64 6c 79 20 74 68 61 | 6e 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 |idly tha|n in the|
|00005ca0| 20 61 64 75 6c 74 20 69 | 74 20 69 73 20 64 65 70 | adult i|t is dep|
|00005cb0| 6f 73 69 74 65 64 20 69 | 6e 20 61 0d 0a 6e 6f 72 |osited i|n a..nor|
|00005cc0| 6d 61 6c 20 64 65 72 6d | 61 6c 20 61 6e 64 20 6d |mal derm|al and m|
|00005cd0| 65 73 65 6e 63 68 79 6d | 61 6c 20 70 61 74 74 65 |esenchym|al patte|
|00005ce0| 72 6e 2e 20 20 49 6e 20 | 61 20 66 75 72 74 68 65 |rn. In |a furthe|
|00005cf0| 72 20 70 61 70 65 72 20 | 28 31 29 20 62 79 20 74 |r paper |(1) by t|
|00005d00| 68 69 73 20 67 72 6f 75 | 70 0d 0a 74 68 65 79 20 |his grou|p..they |
|00005d10| 73 75 67 67 65 73 74 20 | 74 68 61 74 20 70 61 72 |suggest |that par|
|00005d20| 74 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 | 20 6d 65 63 68 61 6e 69 |t of the| mechani|
|00005d30| 73 6d 20 66 6f 72 20 74 | 68 65 20 73 63 61 72 6c |sm for t|he scarl|
|00005d40| 65 73 73 20 68 65 61 6c | 69 6e 67 20 69 73 20 74 |ess heal|ing is t|
|00005d50| 68 65 20 72 6f 6c 65 0d | 0a 6f 66 20 68 79 61 6c |he role.|.of hyal|
|00005d60| 75 72 6f 6e 69 63 20 61 | 63 69 64 2c 20 61 20 67 |uronic a|cid, a g|
|00005d70| 6c 79 63 6f 73 61 6d 69 | 6e 6f 67 6c 79 63 61 6e |lycosami|noglycan|
|00005d80| 20 63 6f 6d 70 6f 6e 65 | 6e 74 20 6f 66 20 61 6d | compone|nt of am|
|00005d90| 6e 69 6f 74 69 63 20 66 | 6c 75 69 64 2e 20 20 41 |niotic f|luid. A|
|00005da0| 6d 6e 69 6f 74 69 63 0d | 0a 66 6c 75 69 64 20 63 |mniotic.|.fluid c|
|00005db0| 6f 6e 74 61 69 6e 73 20 | 61 20 66 61 63 74 6f 72 |ontains |a factor|
|00005dc0| 20 74 68 61 74 20 73 74 | 69 6d 75 6c 61 74 65 73 | that st|imulates|
|00005dd0| 20 63 65 6c 6c 73 20 61 | 72 6f 75 6e 64 20 74 68 | cells a|round th|
|00005de0| 65 20 77 6f 75 6e 64 20 | 73 69 74 65 20 74 6f 20 |e wound |site to |
|00005df0| 70 72 6f 64 75 63 65 0d | 0a 68 79 61 6c 75 72 6f |produce.|.hyaluro|
|00005e00| 6e 69 63 20 61 63 69 64 | 2e 20 20 54 68 65 20 70 |nic acid|. The p|
|00005e10| 72 65 73 65 6e 74 20 65 | 76 69 64 65 6e 63 65 20 |resent e|vidence |
|00005e20| 69 73 20 74 68 61 74 20 | 61 6d 6e 69 6f 74 69 63 |is that |amniotic|
|00005e30| 20 66 6c 75 69 64 20 70 | 6c 61 79 73 20 61 6e 0d | fluid p|lays an.|
|00005e40| 0a 69 6d 70 6f 72 74 61 | 6e 74 20 72 6f 6c 65 20 |.importa|nt role |
|00005e50| 69 6e 20 73 63 61 72 6c | 65 73 73 20 68 65 61 6c |in scarl|ess heal|
|00005e60| 69 6e 67 2e 20 20 54 68 | 6f 75 67 68 20 66 65 74 |ing. Th|ough fet|
|00005e70| 61 6c 20 73 75 72 67 65 | 72 79 20 6d 61 79 20 6e |al surge|ry may n|
|00005e80| 65 76 65 72 20 62 65 0d | 0a 63 6c 69 6e 69 63 61 |ever be.|.clinica|
|00005e90| 6c 6c 79 20 69 6e 64 69 | 63 61 74 65 64 20 6f 6e |lly indi|cated on|
|00005ea0| 20 61 20 6c 61 72 67 65 | 20 73 63 61 6c 65 20 74 | a large| scale t|
|00005eb0| 68 69 73 20 66 69 6e 64 | 69 6e 67 20 61 6c 6f 6e |his find|ing alon|
|00005ec0| 65 20 68 61 73 20 62 65 | 65 6e 20 77 6f 72 74 68 |e has be|en worth|
|00005ed0| 20 74 68 65 0d 0a 69 6e | 74 65 6e 73 69 76 65 20 | the..in|tensive |
|00005ee0| 65 78 70 6c 6f 72 61 74 | 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 66 |explorat|ion of f|
|00005ef0| 65 74 61 6c 20 73 75 72 | 67 65 72 79 2e 2d 2d 4d |etal sur|gery.--M|
|00005f00| 2e 48 2e 20 4b 6c 61 75 | 73 2c 20 4d 2e 44 2e 0d |.H. Klau|s, M.D..|
|00005f10| 0a 24 55 6e 69 71 75 65 | 5f 49 44 7b 59 52 42 30 |.$Unique|_ID{YRB0|
|00005f20| 32 32 30 36 7d 0d 0a 24 | 54 69 74 6c 65 7b 54 68 |2206}..$|Title{Th|
|00005f30| 65 20 43 61 6e 64 69 64 | 61 74 65 20 57 69 6c 6d |e Candid|ate Wilm|
|00005f40| 73 27 20 54 75 6d 6f 75 | 72 20 47 65 6e 65 20 49 |s' Tumou|r Gene I|
|00005f50| 73 20 49 6e 76 6f 6c 76 | 65 64 20 69 6e 20 47 65 |s Involv|ed in Ge|
|00005f60| 6e 69 74 6f 75 72 69 6e | 61 72 79 0d 0a 44 65 76 |nitourin|ary..Dev|
|00005f70| 65 6c 6f 70 6d 65 6e 74 | 7d 0d 0a 24 41 75 74 68 |elopment|}..$Auth|
|00005f80| 6f 72 7b 0d 0a 50 72 69 | 74 63 68 61 72 64 2d 4a |or{..Pri|tchard-J|
|00005f90| 6f 6e 65 73 2c 20 4b 0d | 0a 46 6c 65 6d 69 6e 67 |ones, K.|.Fleming|
|00005fa0| 2c 20 53 0d 0a 44 61 76 | 69 64 73 6f 6e 2c 20 44 |, S..Dav|idson, D|
|00005fb0| 0d 0a 42 69 63 6b 6d 6f | 72 65 2c 20 57 0d 0a 50 |..Bickmo|re, W..P|
|00005fc0| 6f 72 74 65 6f 75 73 2c | 20 44 0d 0a 47 6f 73 64 |orteous,| D..Gosd|
|00005fd0| 65 6e 2c 20 43 0d 0a 42 | 61 72 64 2c 20 4a 0d 0a |en, C..B|ard, J..|
|00005fe0| 42 75 63 6b 6c 65 72 2c | 20 41 0d 0a 50 65 6c 6c |Buckler,| A..Pell|
|00005ff0| 65 74 69 65 72 2c 20 4a | 0d 0a 48 6f 75 73 6d 61 |etier, J|..Housma|
|00006000| 6e 2c 20 44 0d 0a 76 61 | 6e 2c 20 48 65 79 6e 69 |n, D..va|n, Heyni|
|00006010| 6e 67 65 6e 2c 20 56 0d | 0a 48 61 73 74 69 65 2c |ngen, V.|.Hastie,|
|00006020| 20 4e 7d 0d 0a 24 41 66 | 66 69 6c 69 61 74 69 6f | N}..$Af|filiatio|
|00006030| 6e 7b 57 65 73 74 65 72 | 6e 20 47 65 6e 20 48 6f |n{Wester|n Gen Ho|
|00006040| 73 70 3b 20 55 6e 69 76 | 20 6f 66 20 45 64 69 6e |sp; Univ| of Edin|
|00006050| 62 75 72 67 68 2c 20 53 | 63 6f 74 6c 61 6e 64 3b |burgh, S|cotland;|
|00006060| 20 4d 61 73 73 61 63 68 | 75 73 65 74 74 73 20 49 | Massach|usetts I|
|00006070| 6e 73 74 0d 0a 6f 66 20 | 54 65 63 68 6e 6f 6c 6f |nst..of |Technolo|
|00006080| 67 79 2c 20 43 61 6d 62 | 72 69 64 67 65 7d 0d 0a |gy, Camb|ridge}..|
|00006090| 24 4a 6f 75 72 6e 61 6c | 7b 4e 61 74 75 72 65 7d |$Journal|{Nature}|
|000060a0| 0d 0a 24 56 6f 6c 75 6d | 65 7b 33 34 36 7d 0d 0a |..$Volum|e{346}..|
|000060b0| 24 50 61 67 65 7b 31 39 | 34 2d 31 39 37 7d 0d 0a |$Page{19|4-197}..|
|000060c0| 24 44 61 74 65 7b 31 39 | 39 30 7d 0d 0a 24 59 42 |$Date{19|90}..$YB|
|000060d0| 56 6f 6c 7b 31 39 39 31 | 20 59 65 61 72 20 42 6f |Vol{1991| Year Bo|
|000060e0| 6f 6b 20 6f 66 20 4e 65 | 6f 6e 61 74 61 6c 20 61 |ok of Ne|onatal a|
|000060f0| 6e 64 20 50 65 72 69 6e | 61 74 61 6c 20 4d 65 64 |nd Perin|atal Med|
|00006100| 69 63 69 6e 65 7d 0d 0a | 24 43 68 61 70 74 65 72 |icine}..|$Chapter|
|00006110| 7b 32 2d 31 7d 0d 0a 24 | 59 42 45 64 69 74 6f 72 |{2-1}..$|YBEditor|
|00006120| 7b 44 72 73 2e 20 4b 6c | 61 75 73 20 61 6e 64 20 |{Drs. Kl|aus and |
|00006130| 46 61 6e 61 72 6f 66 66 | 7d 0d 0a 24 54 61 62 6c |Fanaroff|}..$Tabl|
|00006140| 65 7b 7d 0d 0a 24 43 6f | 6d 6d 65 6e 74 61 74 6f |e{}..$Co|mmentato|
|00006150| 72 7b 4a 2e 20 4a 6f 68 | 6e 73 6f 6e 2c 20 4d 2e |r{J. Joh|nson, M.|
|00006160| 44 2e 7d 0d 0a 0d 0a 43 | 6f 70 79 72 69 67 68 74 |D.}....C|opyright|
|00006170| 20 28 43 29 20 59 65 61 | 72 20 42 6f 6f 6b 20 4d | (C) Yea|r Book M|
|00006180| 65 64 69 63 61 6c 20 50 | 75 62 6c 69 73 68 65 72 |edical P|ublisher|
|00006190| 73 2c 20 49 6e 63 2e 20 | 31 39 39 31 0d 0a 0d 0a |s, Inc. |1991....|
|000061a0| 31 39 39 31 20 59 65 61 | 72 20 42 6f 6f 6b 20 6f |1991 Yea|r Book o|
|000061b0| 66 20 4e 65 6f 6e 61 74 | 61 6c 20 61 6e 64 20 50 |f Neonat|al and P|
|000061c0| 65 72 69 6e 61 74 61 6c | 20 4d 65 64 69 63 69 6e |erinatal| Medicin|
|000061d0| 65 0d 0a 0d 0a 43 68 61 | 70 74 65 72 20 32 2d 2d |e....Cha|pter 2--|
|000061e0| 20 47 65 6e 65 74 69 63 | 73 20 61 6e 64 20 54 65 | Genetic|s and Te|
|000061f0| 72 61 74 6f 6c 6f 67 79 | 0d 0a 0d 0a 2d 2d 2d 2d |ratology|....----|
|00006200| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00006210| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00006220| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00006230| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00006240| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 0d 0a 54 68 65 20 |--------|--..The |
|00006250| 43 61 6e 64 69 64 61 74 | 65 20 57 69 6c 6d 73 27 |Candidat|e Wilms'|
|00006260| 20 54 75 6d 6f 75 72 20 | 47 65 6e 65 20 49 73 20 | Tumour |Gene Is |
|00006270| 49 6e 76 6f 6c 76 65 64 | 20 69 6e 20 47 65 6e 69 |Involved| in Geni|
|00006280| 74 6f 75 72 69 6e 61 72 | 79 20 44 65 76 65 6c 6f |tourinar|y Develo|
|00006290| 70 6d 65 6e 74 0d 0a 0d | 0a 50 72 69 74 63 68 61 |pment...|.Pritcha|
|000062a0| 72 64 2d 4a 6f 6e 65 73 | 20 4b 3b 20 46 6c 65 6d |rd-Jones| K; Flem|
|000062b0| 69 6e 67 20 53 3b 20 44 | 61 76 69 64 73 6f 6e 20 |ing S; D|avidson |
|000062c0| 44 3b 20 42 69 63 6b 6d | 6f 72 65 20 57 3b 20 50 |D; Bickm|ore W; P|
|000062d0| 6f 72 74 65 6f 75 73 20 | 44 3b 20 47 6f 73 64 65 |orteous |D; Gosde|
|000062e0| 6e 20 43 3b 0d 0a 42 61 | 72 64 20 4a 3b 20 42 75 |n C;..Ba|rd J; Bu|
|000062f0| 63 6b 6c 65 72 20 41 3b | 20 50 65 6c 6c 65 74 69 |ckler A;| Pelleti|
|00006300| 65 72 20 4a 3b 20 48 6f | 75 73 6d 61 6e 20 44 3b |er J; Ho|usman D;|
|00006310| 20 76 61 6e 20 48 65 79 | 6e 69 6e 67 65 6e 20 56 | van Hey|ningen V|
|00006320| 3b 20 48 61 73 74 69 65 | 20 4e 0d 0a 28 57 65 73 |; Hastie| N..(Wes|
|00006330| 74 65 72 6e 20 47 65 6e | 20 48 6f 73 70 3b 20 55 |tern Gen| Hosp; U|
|00006340| 6e 69 76 20 6f 66 20 45 | 64 69 6e 62 75 72 67 68 |niv of E|dinburgh|
|00006350| 2c 20 53 63 6f 74 6c 61 | 6e 64 3b 20 4d 61 73 73 |, Scotla|nd; Mass|
|00006360| 61 63 68 75 73 65 74 74 | 73 20 49 6e 73 74 20 6f |achusett|s Inst o|
|00006370| 66 0d 0a 54 65 63 68 6e | 6f 6c 6f 67 79 2c 20 43 |f..Techn|ology, C|
|00006380| 61 6d 62 72 69 64 67 65 | 29 0d 0a 4e 61 74 75 72 |ambridge|)..Natur|
|00006390| 65 20 33 34 36 3a 31 39 | 34 2d 31 39 37 2c 20 31 |e 346:19|4-197, 1|
|000063a0| 39 39 30 0d 0a 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |990..---|--------|
|000063b0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000063c0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000063d0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000063e0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000063f0| 2d 2d 2d 0d 0a 0d 0a 41 | 62 73 74 72 61 63 74 0d |---....A|bstract.|
+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+
Only 25.0 KB of data is shown above.
