Java 1.2 How-To/JavaHowTo.iso/3rdParty/jbuilder/unsupported/JDK1.2beta3/SOURCE/SRC.ZIP/java/io/RandomAccessFile.java

Java Source | 1998-03-20 | 32.0 KB | 892 lines

/*
 * @(#)RandomAccessFile.java    1.43 98/03/18
 *
 * Copyright 1994-1998 by Sun Microsystems, Inc.,
 * 901 San Antonio Road, Palo Alto, California, 94303, U.S.A.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * This software is the confidential and proprietary information
 * of Sun Microsystems, Inc. ("Confidential Information").  You
 * shall not disclose such Confidential Information and shall use
 * it only in accordance with the terms of the license agreement
 * you entered into with Sun.
 */

package java.io;

import java.io.File;

/**
 * Instances of this class support both reading and writing to a
 * random access file. An application can modify the position in the
 * file at which the next read or write occurs.
 * This class provides a sense of security
 * by offering methods that allow specified mode accesses of
 * read-only or read-write to files.
 *
 * @author  unascribed
 * @version 1.43, 03/18/98
 * @since   JDK1.0
 */
public
class RandomAccessFile implements DataOutput, DataInput {
    private FileDescriptor fd;

    /**
     * Creates a random access file stream to read from, and optionally
     * to write to, a file with the specified name.
     * <p>
     * The mode argument must either be equal to <code>"r"</code> or
     * <code>"rw"</code>, indicating either to open the file for input or
     * for both input and output.
     *
     * @param      name   the system-dependent filename.
     * @param      mode   the access mode.
     * @exception  IllegalArgumentException  if the mode argument is not equal
     *               to <code>"r"</code> or to <code>"rw"</code>.
     * @exception  IOException               if an I/O error occurs.
     * @exception  SecurityException         if a security manager exists, its
     *               <code>checkRead</code> method is called with the name
     *               argument to see if the application is allowed read access
     *               to the file. If the mode argument is equal to
     *               <code>"rw"</code>, its <code>checkWrite</code> method also
     *               is called with the name argument to see if the application
     *               is allowed write access to the file. Either of these may
     *               result in a security exception.
     * @see        java.lang.SecurityException
     * @see        java.lang.SecurityManager#checkRead(java.lang.String)
     */
    public RandomAccessFile(String name, String mode) throws IOException {
    boolean rw = mode.equals("rw");
    if (!rw && !mode.equals("r"))
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("mode must be r or rw");
    SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
    if (security != null) {
        security.checkRead(name);
        if (rw) {
        security.checkWrite(name);
        }
    }
    fd = new FileDescriptor();
    open(name, rw);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a random access file stream to read from, and optionally
     * to write to, the file specified by the <code>File</code> argument.
     * <p>
     * The mode argument must either be equal to <code>"r"</code> or to
     * <code>"rw"</code>, indicating either to open the file for input,
     * or for both input and output, respectively.
     *
     * @param      file   the file object.
     * @param      mode   the access mode.
     * @exception  IllegalArgumentException  if the mode argument is not equal
     *               to <code>"r"</code> or to <code>"rw"</code>.
     * @exception  IOException               if an I/O error occurs.
     * @exception  SecurityException         if a security manager exists, its
     *               <code>checkRead</code> method is called with the pathname
     *               of the <code>File</code> argument to see if the
     *               application is allowed read access to the file. If the
     *               mode argument is equal to <code>"rw"</code>, its
     *               <code>checkWrite</code> method also is called with the
     *               pathname to see if the application is allowed write access
     *               to the file.
     * @see        java.io.File#getPath()
     * @see        java.lang.SecurityManager#checkRead(java.lang.String)
     */
    public RandomAccessFile(File file, String mode) throws IOException {
    this(file.getPath(), mode);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the opaque file descriptor object associated with this stream.
     *
     * @return     the file descriptor object associated with this stream.
     * @exception  IOException  if an I/O error occurs.
     * @see        java.io.FileDescriptor
     */
    public final FileDescriptor getFD() throws IOException {
    if (fd != null) return fd;
    throw new IOException();
    }

    /**
     * Opens a file and returns the file descriptor.  The file is
     * opened in read-write mode if writeable is true, else
     * the file is opened as read-only.
     * @param name the name of the file
     * @param writeable the boolean indicating whether file is
     * writeable or not.
     */
    private native void open(String name, boolean writeable) throws IOException;

    // 'Read' primitives

    /**
     * Reads a byte of data from this file. This method blocks if no
     * input is yet available.
     *
     * @return     the next byte of data, or <code>-1</code> if the end of the
     *             file is reached.
     * @exception  IOException  if an I/O error occurs.
     */
    public native int read() throws IOException;

    /**
     * Reads a sub array as a sequence of bytes.
     * @param b the data to be written
     * @param off the start offset in the data
     * @param len the number of bytes that are written
     * @exception IOException If an I/O error has occurred.
     */
    private native int readBytes(byte b[], int off, int len) throws IOException;

    /**
     * Reads up to <code>len</code> bytes of data from this file into an
     * array of bytes. This method blocks until at least one byte of input
     * is available.
     *
     * @param      b     the buffer into which the data is read.
     * @param      off   the start offset of the data.
     * @param      len   the maximum number of bytes read.
     * @return     the total number of bytes read into the buffer, or
     *             <code>-1</code> if there is no more data because the end of
     *             the file has been reached.
     * @exception  IOException  if an I/O error occurs.
     */
    public int read(byte b[], int off, int len) throws IOException {
    return readBytes(b, off, len);
    }

    /**
     * Reads up to <code>b.length</code> bytes of data from this file
     * into an array of bytes. This method blocks until at least one byte
     * of input is available.
     *
     * @param      b   the buffer into which the data is read.
     * @return     the total number of bytes read into the buffer, or
     *             <code>-1</code> if there is no more data because the end of
     *             this file has been reached.
     * @exception  IOException  if an I/O error occurs.
     */
    public int read(byte b[]) throws IOException {
    return readBytes(b, 0, b.length);
    }

    /**
     * Reads <code>b.length</code> bytes from this file into the byte
     * array. This method reads repeatedly from the file until all the
     * bytes are read. This method blocks until all the bytes are read,
     * the end of the stream is detected, or an exception is thrown.
     *
     * @param      b   the buffer into which the data is read.
     * @exception  EOFException  if this file reaches the end before reading
     *               all the bytes.
     * @exception  IOException   if an I/O error occurs.
     */
    public final void readFully(byte b[]) throws IOException {
    readFully(b, 0, b.length);
    }

    /**
     * Reads exactly <code>len</code> bytes from this file into the byte
     * array. This method reads repeatedly from the file until all the
     * bytes are read. This method blocks until all the bytes are read,
     * the end of the stream is detected, or an exception is thrown.
     *
     * @param      b     the buffer into which the data is read.
     * @param      off   the start offset of the data.
     * @param      len   the number of bytes to read.
     * @exception  EOFException  if this file reaches the end before reading
     *               all the bytes.
     * @exception  IOException   if an I/O error occurs.
     */
    public final void readFully(byte b[], int off, int len) throws IOException {
        int n = 0;
    do {
        int count = this.read(b, off + n, len - n);
        if (count < 0)
        throw new EOFException();
        n += count;
    } while (n < len);
    }

    /**
     * Attempts to skip over <code>n</code> bytes of input discarding the
     * skipped bytes.
     * <p>
     *
     * This method may skip over some smaller number of bytes, possibly zero.
     * This may result from any of a number of conditions; reaching end of
     * file before <code>n</code> bytes have been skipped is only one
     * possibility. This method never throws an <code>EOFException</code>.
     * The actual number of bytes skipped is returned.  If <code>n<code>
     * is negative, no bytes are skipped.
     *
     * @param      n   the number of bytes to be skipped.
     * @return     the actual number of bytes skipped.
     * @exception  IOException  if an I/O error occurs.
     */
    public int skipBytes(int n) throws IOException {
        long pos;
    long len;
    long newpos;

    if (n <= 0) {
        return 0;
    }
    pos = getFilePointer();
    len = length();
    newpos = pos + n;
    if (newpos > len) {
        newpos = len;
    }
    seek(newpos);

    /* return the actual number of bytes skipped */
    return (int) (newpos - pos);
    }

    // 'Write' primitives

    /**
     * Writes the specified byte to this file.
     *
     * @param      b   the <code>byte</code> to be written.
     * @exception  IOException  if an I/O error occurs.
     */
    public native void write(int b) throws IOException;

    /**
     * Writes a sub array as a sequence of bytes.
     * @param b the data to be written

     * @param off the start offset in the data
     * @param len the number of bytes that are written
     * @exception IOException If an I/O error has occurred.
     */
    private native void writeBytes(byte b[], int off, int len) throws IOException;

    /**
     * Writes <code>b.length</code> bytes from the specified byte array
     * to this file, starting at the current file pointer.
     *
     * @param      b   the data.
     * @exception  IOException  if an I/O error occurs.
     */
    public void write(byte b[]) throws IOException {
    writeBytes(b, 0, b.length);
    }

    /**
     * Writes <code>len</code> bytes from the specified byte array
     * starting at offset <code>off</code> to this file.
     *
     * @param      b     the data.
     * @param      off   the start offset in the data.
     * @param      len   the number of bytes to write.
     * @exception  IOException  if an I/O error occurs.
     */
    public void write(byte b[], int off, int len) throws IOException {
    writeBytes(b, off, len);
    }

    // 'Random access' stuff

    /**
     * Returns the current offset in this file.
     *
     * @return     the offset from the beginning of the file, in bytes,
     *             at which the next read or write occurs.
     * @exception  IOException  if an I/O error occurs.
     */
    public native long getFilePointer() throws IOException;

    /**
     * Sets the file-pointer offset, measured from the beginning of this
     * file, at which the next read or write occurs.  The offset may be
     * set beyond the end of the file. Setting the offset beyond the end
     * of the file does not change the file length.  The file length will
     * change only by writing after the offset has been set beyond the end
     * of the file.
     *
     * @param      pos   the offset position, measured in bytes from the
     *                   beginning of the file, at which to set the file
     *                   pointer.
     * @exception  IOException  if an I/O error occurs.
     */
    public native void seek(long pos) throws IOException;

    /**
     * Returns the length of this file.
     *
     * @return     the length of this file.
     * @exception  IOException  if an I/O error occurs.
     */
    public native long length() throws IOException;

    /**
     * Sets the length of this file.
     *
     * <p> If the present length of the file as returned by the
     * <code>length</code> method is greater than the <code>newLength</code>
     * argument then the file will be truncated.  In this case, if the file
     * offset as returned by the <code>getFilePointer</code> method is greater
     * then <code>newLength</code> then after this method returns the offset
     * will be equal to <code>newLength</code>.
     *
     * <p> If the present length of the file as returned by the
     * <code>length</code> method is smaller than the <code>newLength</code>
     * argument then the file will be extended.  In this case, the contents of
     * the extended portion of the file are not defined.
     *
     * @param      newLength    The desired length of the file
     * @exception  IOException  If an I/O error occurs
     * @since      JDK1.2
     */
    public native void setLength(long newLength) throws IOException;

    /**
     * Closes this random access file stream and releases any system
     * resources associated with the stream.
     *
     * @exception  IOException  if an I/O error occurs.
     */
    public native void close() throws IOException;

    //
    //  Some "reading/writing Java data types" methods stolen from
    //  DataInputStream and DataOutputStream.
    //

    /**
     * Reads a <code>boolean</code> from this file. This method reads a
     * single byte from the file. A value of <code>0</code> represents
     * <code>false</code>. Any other value represents <code>true</code>.
     * This method blocks until the byte is read, the end of the stream
     * is detected, or an exception is thrown.
     *
     * @return     the <code>boolean</code> value read.
     * @exception  EOFException  if this file has reached the end.
     * @exception  IOException   if an I/O error occurs.
     */
    public final boolean readBoolean() throws IOException {
    int ch = this.read();
    if (ch < 0)
        throw new EOFException();
    return (ch != 0);
    }

    /**
     * Reads a signed 8-bit value from this file. This method reads a
     * byte from the file. If the byte read is <code>b</code>, where
     * <code>0 <= b <= 255</code>,
     * then the result is:
     * <blockquote><pre>
     *     (byte)(b)
     * </pre></blockquote>
     * <p>
     * This method blocks until the byte is read, the end of the stream
     * is detected, or an exception is thrown.
     *
     * @return     the next byte of this file as a signed 8-bit
     *             <code>byte</code>.
     * @exception  EOFException  if this file has reached the end.
     * @exception  IOException   if an I/O error occurs.
     */
    public final byte readByte() throws IOException {
    int ch = this.read();
    if (ch < 0)
        throw new EOFException();
    return (byte)(ch);
    }

    /**
     * Reads an unsigned 8-bit number from this file. This method reads
     * a byte from this file and returns that byte.
     * <p>
     * This method blocks until the byte is read, the end of the stream
     * is detected, or an exception is thrown.
     *
     * @return     the next byte of this file, interpreted as an unsigned
     *             8-bit number.
     * @exception  EOFException  if this file has reached the end.
     * @exception  IOException   if an I/O error occurs.
     */
    public final int readUnsignedByte() throws IOException {
    int ch = this.read();
    if (ch < 0)
        throw new EOFException();
    return ch;
    }

    /**
     * Reads a signed 16-bit number from this file. The method reads 2
     * bytes from this file. If the two bytes read, in order, are
     * <code>b1</code> and <code>b2</code>, where each of the two values is
     * between <code>0</code> and <code>255</code>, inclusive, then the
     * result is equal to:
     * <blockquote><pre>
     *     (short)((b1 << 8) | b2)
     * </pre></blockquote>
     * <p>
     * This method blocks until the two bytes are read, the end of the
     * stream is detected, or an exception is thrown.
     *
     * @return     the next two bytes of this file, interpreted as a signed
     *             16-bit number.
     * @exception  EOFException  if this file reaches the end before reading
     *               two bytes.
     * @exception  IOException   if an I/O error occurs.
     */
    public final short readShort() throws IOException {
    int ch1 = this.read();
    int ch2 = this.read();
    if ((ch1 | ch2) < 0)
         throw new EOFException();
    return (short)((ch1 << 8) + (ch2 << 0));
    }

    /**
     * Reads an unsigned 16-bit number from this file. This method reads
     * two bytes from the file. If the bytes read, in order, are
     * <code>b1</code> and <code>b2</code>, where
     * <code>0 <= b1, b2 <= 255</code>,
     * then the result is equal to:
     * <blockquote><pre>
     *     (b1 << 8) | b2
     * </pre></blockquote>
     * <p>
     * This method blocks until the two bytes are read, the end of the
     * stream is detected, or an exception is thrown.
     *
     * @return     the next two bytes of this file, interpreted as an unsigned
     *             16-bit integer.
     * @exception  EOFException  if this file reaches the end before reading
     *               two bytes.
     * @exception  IOException   if an I/O error occurs.
     */
    public final int readUnsignedShort() throws IOException {
    int ch1 = this.read();
    int ch2 = this.read();
    if ((ch1 | ch2) < 0)
         throw new EOFException();
    return (ch1 << 8) + (ch2 << 0);
    }

    /**
     * Reads a Unicode character from this file. This method reads two
     * bytes from the file. If the bytes read, in order, are
     * <code>b1</code> and <code>b2</code>, where
     * <code>0 <= b1, b2 <= 255</code>,
     * then the result is equal to:
     * <blockquote><pre>
     *     (char)((b1 << 8) | b2)
     * </pre></blockquote>
     * <p>
     * This method blocks until the two bytes are read, the end of the
     * stream is detected, or an exception is thrown.
     *
     * @return     the next two bytes of this file as a Unicode character.
     * @exception  EOFException  if this file reaches the end before reading
     *               two bytes.
     * @exception  IOException   if an I/O error occurs.
     */
    public final char readChar() throws IOException {
    int ch1 = this.read();
    int ch2 = this.read();
    if ((ch1 | ch2) < 0)
         throw new EOFException();
    return (char)((ch1 << 8) + (ch2 << 0));
    }

    /**
     * Reads a signed 32-bit integer from this file. This method reads 4
     * bytes from the file. If the bytes read, in order, are <code>b1</code>,
     * <code>b2</code>, <code>b3</code>, and <code>b4</code>, where
     * <code>0 <= b1, b2, b3, b4 <= 255</code>,
     * then the result is equal to:
     * <blockquote><pre>
     *     (b1 << 24) | (b2 << 16) + (b3 << 8) + b4
     * </pre></blockquote>
     * <p>
     * This method blocks until the four bytes are read, the end of the
     * stream is detected, or an exception is thrown.
     *
     * @return     the next four bytes of this file, interpreted as an
     *             <code>int</code>.
     * @exception  EOFException  if this file reaches the end before reading
     *               four bytes.
     * @exception  IOException   if an I/O error occurs.
     */
    public final int readInt() throws IOException {
    int ch1 = this.read();
    int ch2 = this.read();
    int ch3 = this.read();
    int ch4 = this.read();
    if ((ch1 | ch2 | ch3 | ch4) < 0)
         throw new EOFException();
    return ((ch1 << 24) + (ch2 << 16) + (ch3 << 8) + (ch4 << 0));
    }

    /**
     * Reads a signed 64-bit integer from this file. This method reads eight
     * bytes from the file. If the bytes read, in order, are
     * <code>b1</code>, <code>b2</code>, <code>b3</code>,
     * <code>b4</code>, <code>b5</code>, <code>b6</code>,
     * <code>b7</code>, and <code>b8,</code> where:
     * <blockquote><pre>
     *     0 <= b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, b6, b7, b8 <=255,
     * </pre></blockquote>
     * <p>
     * then the result is equal to:
     * <p><blockquote><pre>
     *     ((long)b1 << 56) + ((long)b2 << 48)
     *     + ((long)b3 << 40) + ((long)b4 << 32)
     *     + ((long)b5 << 24) + ((long)b6 << 16)
     *     + ((long)b7 << 8) + b8
     * </pre></blockquote>
     * <p>
     * This method blocks until the eight bytes are read, the end of the
     * stream is detected, or an exception is thrown.
     *
     * @return     the next eight bytes of this file, interpreted as a
     *             <code>long</code>.
     * @exception  EOFException  if this file reaches the end before reading
     *               eight bytes.
     * @exception  IOException   if an I/O error occurs.
     */
    public final long readLong() throws IOException {
    return ((long)(readInt()) << 32) + (readInt() & 0xFFFFFFFFL);
    }

    /**
     * Reads a <code>float</code> from this file. This method reads an
     * <code>int</code> value as if by the <code>readInt</code> method
     * and then converts that <code>int</code> to a <code>float</code>
     * using the <code>intBitsToFloat</code> method in class
     * <code>Float</code>.
     * <p>
     * This method blocks until the four bytes are read, the end of the
     * stream is detected, or an exception is thrown.
     *
     * @return     the next four bytes of this file, interpreted as a
     *             <code>float</code>.
     * @exception  EOFException  if this file reaches the end before reading
     *             four bytes.
     * @exception  IOException   if an I/O error occurs.
     * @see        java.io.RandomAccessFile#readInt()
     * @see        java.lang.Float#intBitsToFloat(int)
     */
    public final float readFloat() throws IOException {
    return Float.intBitsToFloat(readInt());
    }

    /**
     * Reads a <code>double</code> from this file. This method reads a
     * <code>long</code> value as if by the <code>readLong</code> method
     * and then converts that <code>long</code> to a <code>double</code>
     * using the <code>longBitsToDouble</code> method in
     * class <code>Double</code>.
     * <p>
     * This method blocks until the eight bytes are read, the end of the
     * stream is detected, or an exception is thrown.
     *
     * @return     the next eight bytes of this file, interpreted as a
     *             <code>double</code>.
     * @exception  EOFException  if this file reaches the end before reading
     *             eight bytes.
     * @exception  IOException   if an I/O error occurs.
     * @see        java.io.RandomAccessFile#readLong()
     * @see        java.lang.Double#longBitsToDouble(long)
     */
    public final double readDouble() throws IOException {
    return Double.longBitsToDouble(readLong());
    }

    /**
     * Reads the next line of text from this file.  This method successively
     * reads bytes from the file until it reaches a line terminator or the end
     * of the file.  Each byte is converted into a character by taking the
     * byte's value for the lower eight bits of the character and setting the
     * high eight bits of the character to zero.  This method does not,
     * therefore, support the full Unicode character set.
     *
     * <p> A line of text is terminated by a carriage-return character
     * (<code>'\r'</code>), a newline character (<code>'\n'</code>), a
     * carriage-return character immediately followed by a newline character,
     * or the end of the file.  Line-terminating characters are discarded and
     * are not included as part of the string returned.
     *
     * <p> This method blocks until a newline character is read, a carriage
     * return and the byte following it are read (to see if it is a newline),
     * the end of the file is reached, or an exception is thrown.
     *
     * @return     the next line of text from this file, or null if end
     *             of file is encountered before even one byte is read.
     * @exception  IOException  if an I/O error occurs.
     */

    public final String readLine() throws IOException {
    StringBuffer input = new StringBuffer();
    int c = -1;
    boolean eol = false;

    while (!eol) {
        switch (c = read()) {
        case -1:
        case '\n':
        eol = true;
        break;
        case '\r':
        eol = true;
        long cur = getFilePointer();
        if ((read()) != '\n') {
            seek(cur);
        }
        break;
        default:
        input.append((char)c);
        break;
        }
    }

    if ((c == -1) && (input.length() == 0)) {
        return null;
    }
    return input.toString();
    }

    /**
     * Reads in a string from this file. The string has been encoded
     * using a modified UTF-8 format.
     * <p>
     * The first two bytes are read as if by
     * <code>readUnsignedShort</code>. This value gives the number of
     * following bytes that are in the encoded string, not
     * the length of the resulting string. The following bytes are then
     * interpreted as bytes encoding characters in the UTF-8 format
     * and are converted into characters.
     * <p>
     * This method blocks until all the bytes are read, the end of the
     * stream is detected, or an exception is thrown.
     *
     * @return     a Unicode string.
     * @exception  EOFException            if this file reaches the end before
     *               reading all the bytes.
     * @exception  IOException             if an I/O error occurs.
     * @exception  UTFDataFormatException  if the bytes do not represent
     *               valid UTF-8 encoding of a Unicode string.
     * @see        java.io.RandomAccessFile#readUnsignedShort()
     */
    public final String readUTF() throws IOException {
    return DataInputStream.readUTF(this);
    }

    /**
     * Writes a <code>boolean</code> to the file as a 1-byte value. The
     * value <code>true</code> is written out as the value
     * <code>(byte)1</code>; the value <code>false</code> is written out
     * as the value <code>(byte)0</code>.
     *
     * @param      v   a <code>boolean</code> value to be written.
     * @exception  IOException  if an I/O error occurs.
     */
    public final void writeBoolean(boolean v) throws IOException {
    write(v ? 1 : 0);
    //written++;
    }

    /**
     * Writes a <code>byte</code> to the file as a 1-byte value.
     *
     * @param      v   a <code>byte</code> value to be written.
     * @exception  IOException  if an I/O error occurs.
     */
    public final void writeByte(int v) throws IOException {
    write(v);
    //written++;
    }

    /**
     * Writes a <code>short</code> to the file as two bytes, high byte first.
     *
     * @param      v   a <code>short</code> to be written.
     * @exception  IOException  if an I/O error occurs.
     */
    public final void writeShort(int v) throws IOException {
    write((v >>> 8) & 0xFF);
    write((v >>> 0) & 0xFF);
    //written += 2;
    }

    /**
     * Writes a <code>char</code> to the file as a 2-byte value, high
     * byte first.
     *
     * @param      v   a <code>char</code> value to be written.
     * @exception  IOException  if an I/O error occurs.
     */
    public final void writeChar(int v) throws IOException {
    write((v >>> 8) & 0xFF);
    write((v >>> 0) & 0xFF);
    //written += 2;
    }

    /**
     * Writes an <code>int</code> to the file as four bytes, high byte first.
     *
     * @param      v   an <code>int</code> to be written.
     * @exception  IOException  if an I/O error occurs.
     */
    public final void writeInt(int v) throws IOException {
    write((v >>> 24) & 0xFF);
    write((v >>> 16) & 0xFF);
    write((v >>>  8) & 0xFF);
    write((v >>>  0) & 0xFF);
    //written += 4;
    }

    /**
     * Writes a <code>long</code> to the file as eight bytes, high byte first.
     *
     * @param      v   a <code>long</code> to be written.
     * @exception  IOException  if an I/O error occurs.
     */
    public final void writeLong(long v) throws IOException {
    write((int)(v >>> 56) & 0xFF);
    write((int)(v >>> 48) & 0xFF);
    write((int)(v >>> 40) & 0xFF);
    write((int)(v >>> 32) & 0xFF);
    write((int)(v >>> 24) & 0xFF);
    write((int)(v >>> 16) & 0xFF);
    write((int)(v >>>  8) & 0xFF);
    write((int)(v >>>  0) & 0xFF);
    //written += 8;
    }

    /**
     * Converts the float argument to an <code>int</code> using the
     * <code>floatToIntBits</code> method in class <code>Float</code>,
     * and then writes that <code>int</code> value to the file as a
     * 4-byte quantity, high byte first.
     *
     * @param      v   a <code>float</code> value to be written.
     * @exception  IOException  if an I/O error occurs.
     * @see        java.lang.Float#floatToIntBits(float)
     */
    public final void writeFloat(float v) throws IOException {
    writeInt(Float.floatToIntBits(v));
    }

    /**
     * Converts the double argument to a <code>long</code> using the
     * <code>doubleToLongBits</code> method in class <code>Double</code>,
     * and then writes that <code>long</code> value to the file as an
     * 8-byte quantity, high byte first.
     *
     * @param      v   a <code>double</code> value to be written.
     * @exception  IOException  if an I/O error occurs.
     * @see        java.lang.Double#doubleToLongBits(double)
     */
    public final void writeDouble(double v) throws IOException {
    writeLong(Double.doubleToLongBits(v));
    }

    /**
     * Writes the string to the file as a sequence of bytes. Each
     * character in the string is written out, in sequence, by discarding
     * its high eight bits.
     *
     * @param      s   a string of bytes to be written.
     * @exception  IOException  if an I/O error occurs.
     */
    public final void writeBytes(String s) throws IOException {
    int len = s.length();
    byte[] b = new byte[len];
    s.getBytes(0, len, b, 0);
    writeBytes(b, 0, len);
    }

    /**
     * Writes a string to the file as a sequence of characters. Each
     * character is written to the data output stream as if by the
     * <code>writeChar</code> method.
     *
     * @param      s   a <code>String</code> value to be written.
     * @exception  IOException  if an I/O error occurs.
     * @see        java.io.RandomAccessFile#writeChar(int)
     */
    public final void writeChars(String s) throws IOException {
    int clen = s.length();
    int blen = 2*clen;
    byte[] b = new byte[blen];
    char[] c = new char[clen];
    s.getChars(0, clen, c, 0);
    for (int i = 0, j = 0; i < clen; i++) {
        b[j++] = (byte)(c[i] >>> 8);
        b[j++] = (byte)(c[i] >>> 0);
    }
    writeBytes(b, 0, blen);
    }

    /**
     * Writes a string to the file using UTF-8 encoding in a
     * machine-independent manner.
     * <p>
     * First, two bytes are written to the file as if by the
     * <code>writeShort</code> method giving the number of bytes to
     * follow. This value is the number of bytes actually written out,
     * not the length of the string. Following the length, each character
     * of the string is output, in sequence, using the UTF-8 encoding
     * for each character.
     *
     * @param      str   a string to be written.
     * @exception  IOException  if an I/O error occurs.
     */
    public final void writeUTF(String str) throws IOException {
    int strlen = str.length();
    int utflen = 0;

    for (int i = 0 ; i < strlen ; i++) {
        int c = str.charAt(i);
        if ((c >= 0x0001) && (c <= 0x007F)) {
        utflen++;
        } else if (c > 0x07FF) {
        utflen += 3;
        } else {
        utflen += 2;
        }
    }

    if (utflen > 65535)
        throw new UTFDataFormatException();

    write((utflen >>> 8) & 0xFF);
    write((utflen >>> 0) & 0xFF);
    for (int i = 0 ; i < strlen ; i++) {
        int c = str.charAt(i);
        if ((c >= 0x0001) && (c <= 0x007F)) {
        write(c);
        } else if (c > 0x07FF) {
        write(0xE0 | ((c >> 12) & 0x0F));
        write(0x80 | ((c >>  6) & 0x3F));
        write(0x80 | ((c >>  0) & 0x3F));
        //written += 2;
        } else {
        write(0xC0 | ((c >>  6) & 0x1F));
        write(0x80 | ((c >>  0) & 0x3F));
        //written += 1;
        }
    }
    //written += strlen + 2;
    }

    private static native void initIDs();

    static {
    initIDs();
    }
}