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- README
-
- Java(tm) Development Kit
- JDK(tm) 1.1.6 Software
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
- CONTENTS
-
- Overview of the Java Development Kit
- - Introduction
- - Purpose
- - Version Compatibility
- - Bug Fixes
- - What the JDK Software Contains
- - Where to Find More Information
- - Submitting Comments
- - Reporting Bugs and Requesting Features
- - JavaBeans(tm) and the Beans Development Kit
-
- Installing and Running the JDK Software
- - Installation Notes
- - Windows
- - Running JDK Tools in Microsoft Windows
- - Microsoft Windows PATH and CLASSPATH
- - Using the JIT Compiler
- - Microsoft Windows Installation Troubleshooting
- - Possible Problems with Winsock
- - Solaris
- - Running JDK Tools in Solaris
- - Solaris PATH and CLASSPATH
- - Solaris Installation Troubleshooting
- - Running Applets with the AppletViewer
- - Debugging Programs with the Debugger
-
- Deploying Java Applications
- - Runtime Environment
- - Installation
-
-
- =======================================================================
- OVERVIEW OF THE JAVA DEVELOPMENT KIT
- =======================================================================
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
- INTRODUCTION
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
- This is version 1.1.6 of the Java Development Kit. The Java
- Development Kit is a development environment for writing applets
- and applications that conform to the Java 1.1 Core API. Its compiler
- and other tools are run from a shell and have no GUI interface. This
- version includes improvements in functionality, performance, and
- quality over version 1.0.2 of the Java platform, and includes bug fixes
- since version 1.1.5.
-
- This is a maintenance release. Changes made to the JDK software since
- the first 1.1 beta release are in the file named CHANGES.
-
- Because there are no API changes in maintenance releases, we continue
- to refer to this platform as the Java platform 1.1 (rather than 1.1.6).
- While bugs have been fixed in version 1.1.6, the platform hasn't
- changed.
-
- Although this is a maintenance release, the Win32 version of the Java
- Development Kit includes a significant performance enhancement. A
- production-quality version of Symantec JIT bytecode compiler is included.
- This is the same JIT previously packaged as an early-access product in
- the Win32 Performance Pack. Because the JIT is now included in the JDK
- software, the Performance Pack has been discontinued.
-
- The Symantec JIT compiler is copyrighted (c), 1996-1998, by Symantec
- Corporation. All rights reserved.
-
- In the Win32 version, all JDK tools use the JIT by default.
- To disable the JIT, see "Using the JIT," below.
-
- The Java platform 1.1 offers new capabilities: Internationalization,
- signed applets, JAR file format, AWT (window toolkit) enhancements,
- JavaBeans(tm) component model, networking enhancements, Math package for
- large numbers, Remote Method Invocation (RMI), Reflection, database
- connectivity (JDBC), new Java Native Interface, Object Serialization,
- Inner Classes, and performance enhancements.
-
- For further description of these features, see the "New Feature
- Summary" in the JDK documentation.
-
- As part of our ongoing effort to improve the quality of the JDK
- software, we will continue to fix bugs and develop new features. In
- order to help us prioritize our bug-fixing effort, please submit any
- bugs you find as soon as possible, using the procedure described in
- the "Reporting Bugs" section below.
-
- The Java Development Kit is a product of Sun Microsystems, Inc.
- JavaSoft(tm), an operating company of Sun Microsystems, develops the
- JDK software.
-
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
- PURPOSE
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
- The JDK software allows you to:
-
- - Develop applets that will run in browsers supporting the
- Java platform 1.1.
-
- - Develop applications. Applications run without the
- need for a browser. (HotJava itself is written in the Java
- programming language.)
-
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
- VERSION COMPATIBILITY
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
- In general, any applet or application that ran in version 1.0.2 of the
- Java Development Kit should run correctly in version 1.1.6. A failure
- to do so is a bug, except for a small number of cases where
- compatibility has had to be broken to close potential security holes or
- fix implementation or design bugs.
-
- Of course, applets that depend on any new 1.1 APIs will not work on
- any browsers that support only 1.0.2, such as Internet Explorer 3.0 and
- Netscape 3.0. However, in general, applets relying only on APIs
- defined in 1.0.2 (but compiled with the JDK 1.1 compiler) will run on
- 1.0.2 browsers. This "downwards" compatibility has not been
- extensively tested and cannot be guaranteed.
-
- For more details, see the document on compatibility at:
-
- http://java.sun.com/products/jdk/1.1/compatibility.html
-
- If you find any such incompatibilities that are not listed on the
- Compatibility web page, please report them to us as noted below
- under "Reporting Bugs," and mention that they are compatibility
- bugs. Compatibility is critically important to us, and a cornerstone
- of the promise: Write Once, Run Anywhere(tm).
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
- BUG FIXES
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
- As with any release, we will continue vigorously testing and debugging
- the JDK software. If we uncover any important bugs, we will post them
- on the Java Developer Connection(sm) web site at:
-
- http://java.sun.com/jdc/bugParade/index.html
-
- As always, your comments and bug reports are important to making
- future releases successful. We will use your feedback to help plan
- future releases. Please report bugs, request features and submit
- comments using the procedure noted below in the sections "Submitting
- Comments" and "Reporting Bugs and Requesting Features".
-
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
- WHAT THE JDK SOFTWARE CONTAINS
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- RUNTIME ----------------------------------------------------------
-
- - Core Classes (classes.zip)
- DO NOT UNZIP THIS FILE! It must remain zipped for the
- compiler and interpreter to access the class files
- within it properly. This file contains all of the
- the compiled .class files for the platform.
-
- SOURCE FILES -----------------------------------------------------
-
- - Source Files for Public Classes
- (src.zip file or src directory)
- This is the set of source files used to create the
- classes included in the core classes classes.zip
- file (above). These source files are provided for
- information purposes only, to help developers learn
- and use the Java programming language. They do not
- include the private java.* classes or the sun.*
- classes, and therefore cannot be compiled into a
- complete classes.zip file.
-
- Do not modify these classes; instead, create subclasses
- and override where you need to. These classes are
- documented in the API Reference documentation, which is
- generated by javadoc.
-
- How this is installed depends on the platform:
-
- - On Windows, these are automatically unzipped for you
- during installation.
-
- - On Solaris, you must unzip the src.zip file yourself.
- You can get a free copy of the correct version
- of unzip in source form (which you must compile) from:
-
- http://www.cdrom.com/pub/infozip/zlib/
-
- or
-
- ftp://ftp.cdrom.com/pub/infozip/zlib/
-
- or
-
- ftp://ftp.uu.net/pub/archiving/zip/UNIX/SUN/
-
- TOOLS ------------------------------------------------------------
-
- - Java Compiler (javac)
- Compiles programs written in the Java programming language
- into bytecodes.
-
- - Java Interpreter (java)
- Executes Java bytecodes. In other words, it runs
- programs written in the Java programming language.
-
- - Jave Runtime Interpreter (jre)
- Similar to the Java Interpreter (java), but intended for
- end users who do not require all the development-related
- options available with the java tool.
-
- - Java AppletViewer (appletviewer)
- Used for testing and running applets.
-
- - Java Debugger (jdb)
- Helps you find bugs in programs.
-
- - Class File Disassembler (javap)
- Disassembles compiled files and prints out a
- representation of the bytecodes.
-
- - Java Documentation Generator (javadoc)
- Parses the declarations and documentation comments in
- a set of source files and produces a set of HTML pages
- describing the public and protected classes, interfaces,
- constructors, methods, and fields. Also produces
- a class hierarchy and an index of all members.
-
- - C Header and Stub File Generator (javah)
- For attaching native methods to code written in the
- Java programming language.
-
- - Java Archive Tool (jar)
- Combines many class files and other resources
- into a single jar file.
-
- - Digital Signing Tool (javakey)
- Manages entities, including their keys, certificates,
- and the trust associated with them.
-
- - Native-To-ASCII Converter (native2ascii)
- Converts a native encoding file to an ascii
- file that includes the \udddd Unicode notation.
-
- - Java RMI Stub Converter (rmic)
- Generates objects from the names of compiled classes
- that contain remote object implementations.
-
- - Java Remote Object Registry (rmiregistry)
- Creates and starts a remote object registry on the
- specified port of the current host.
-
- - Serial Version Command (serialver)
- Returns the serialVersionUID for one or more classes
- in a form suitable for copying into an evolving class.
-
- - AWT 1.1 Conversion Tool (updateAWT)
- Included with the JDK AWT documentation,
- rather than in the bin directory.
- Updates deprecated 1.0 AWT names to new 1.1 AWT
- names (for Sun Solaris and UNIX systems, or Windows
- systems with the MKS toolkit).
-
- - Various C libraries and include files
-
- JAVA DOCUMENTATION AND DEMOS ------------------------------------------
-
- - demo directory
- awt-1.1 AWT demos
- i18n Internationalization demos
-
- Animator General-purpose animator
- ArcTest Test arc drawing and filling
- BarChart Simple bar-chart applet
- Blink Blinking, multicolored text
- CardTest Test card layout manager
- Clock Analog clock
- DitherTest Test image dithering
- DrawTest Draw points and lines
- Fractal Fractal figures
- GraphLayout Graph layout by iterated relaxation
- GraphicsTest Test graphics operations
- ImageMap Live-feedback image map
- JumpingBox Catch the jumping box
- MoleculeViewer Three-dimensional chemical model viewer
- NervousText Nervous text
- SimpleGraph Draw a simple graph
- SortDemo Animated sorting algorithms
- SpreadSheet Simple spreadsheet
- TicTacToe Tic-tac-toe game
- WireFrame Three-dimensional wire-frame model viewer
-
- RMI demos are available in the separately-downloadable
- JDK documentation. See the entry "Demonstration Applets
- and Applications" in the JDK documentation table of
- contents for access.
-
- - README
- This file you are currently reading
-
- - CHANGES
- Changes made in the beta and final releases
-
- - COPYRIGHT
- Copyright notice for the JDK software
-
- - LICENSE
- License agreement for the JDK software
-
- NOTE: The JDK software does NOT include a Web browser. To obtain the
- HotJava(tm) Browser, see the HotJava Browser web page:
-
- http://java.sun.com/products/hotjava/
-
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
- WHERE TO FIND MORE INFORMATION
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
- This README file and the accompanying CHANGES, LICENSE, COPYRIGHT
- files, demo directory, and source code (src.zip) are the only
- "documentation" included in this JDK software bundle. You can browse
- the JDK software documentation by visiting the JavaSoft web site, or
- you can download the JDK Software 1.1.6 Documentation Bundle from:
-
- http://java.sun.com/products/jdk/1.1/
-
- The JDK Software 1.1.6 Documentation Bundle includes:
-
- - Release Notes
- - API Reference
- - Guide to New Features
- - Additional Demo Programs
- - Demo Overview Page
- - Tools Documentation
-
- The Documentation Bundle is designed to be extracted into the JDK
- software installation directory. If you download the ZIP archive
- version, be sure to preserve the file path names when you extract the
- files from the archive. (With pkunzip, specify the -d option.)
-
- If you are new to the Java programming language, you will want to
- browse or download the Java Tutorial at:
-
- http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/
-
- For a comprehensive list of online documents, go to the JavaSoft
- Documentation page at:
-
- http://java.sun.com/docs/
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
- SUBMITTING COMMENTS
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
- We are very interested in receiving your comments and suggestions as
- early as possible.
-
- If you have a specific feature request or bug to report, please
- refer to the next section for how to submit it. Send other comments
- and informal suggestions directly to us at our JavaSoft email addresses
- at Sun, which are listed at:
-
- http://java.sun.com/mail/
-
- Here is a summary of what is on this web page:
-
- - Technical Help - Sun does not provide free technical help.
- See the above web page for some places to obtain help with your
- programming problems.
-
- - JavaSoft Email Addresses - The following are our most current
- email addresses as of this release. Use these for sending
- comments and informal suggestions.
-
- java-intl@java.sun.com Internationalization
- java-awt@java.sun.com AWT package
- java-security@java.sun.com Security package
- java-io@java.sun.com IO package
- java-net@java.sun.com Net package
- jdbc@wombat.eng.sun.com JDBC package
- jdbc-odbc@wombat.eng.sun.com JDBC-ODBC bridge
- java-beans@java.sun.com Beans package
- reflection-comments@worthy.eng.sun.com Reflection package
- jni@java.sun.com Java Native Interface
- javadoc@sun.com Javadoc Tool
-
- If your comment does not fall into any of those categories,
- please send it to:
-
- jdk-comments@java.sun.com General comments
-
- While we are not able to respond individually to each comment,
- we do review all comments.
-
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
- REPORTING BUGS AND REQUESTING FEATURES
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
- To report bugs or feature requests, go to this web page:
-
- http://java.sun.com/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi
-
- This gives you instructions for checking if your bug is a duplicate
- by allowing you to look in our known bugs list. This also gives
- instructions for how to submit bugs and request features.
-
- When submitting a bug, be sure you include the version number of
- the JDK software you are running. You can get the version number of
- the JDK software by executing:
-
- java -version
-
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
- JAVABEANS(tm) AND THE BEANS DEVELOPMENT KIT
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
- A version of the Beans Development Kit (BDK) is also available for
- immediate download from JavaSoft. BDK includes specific tools and
- support for JavaBeans developers such as the BeanBox test containers
- and example beans. See:
-
- http://java.sun.com/beans/bdk_download.html
-
- We will continue to ship the BDK in addition to the JDK software.
- Updates to the BDK, tools, and general JavaBeans information
- will be posted on a regular basis to the JavaBeans web site:
-
- http://java.sun.com/beans
-
-
-
- =======================================================================
- INSTALLING AND RUNNING THE JDK SOFTWARE
- =======================================================================
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
- INSTALLATION NOTES
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- IMPORTANT: Please make sure you understand the Copyright
- and License information (in the files named COPYRIGHT and
- LICENSE) before installing this release.
-
- The JDK 1.1.6 software and documentation are available in two separate
- downloadable compressed files, called "bundles". They need to be
- downloaded separately into the same directory and unpacked as follows
- for the few html links between them to work.
-
- Here are the abbreviated instructions. (The installation procedure
- is different on different platforms, so these instructions are
- quite general.)
-
- 1. Go to the download page for the Java Development Kit and download
- the software and documentation separately:
-
- http://java.sun.com/products/jdk/1.1/
-
- 2. Follow the installation instructions for your particular
- platform at:
-
- http://java.sun.com/products/jdk/1.1/installation-solaris2.html
-
- OR
-
- http://java.sun.com/products/jdk/1.1/installation-win32-x86.html
-
- 3. Unpack the software and documentation bundles according to the
- instructions on the web page given in step 2. You should end up
- with the directory structure shown below.
-
- 4. Set the PATH and CLASSPATH for Windows or Solaris as
- described in the section that follows.
-
- 5. Use a web browser to go to your new, local JDK documentation
- table of contents by opening the "index.html" file in the "docs"
- directory: jdk1.1/docs/index.html
-
-
- jdk1.1.6
- _________________________|_____________________________________
- | | | | | | | | | | |
- README CHANGES COPYRIGHT LICENSE bin lib include demo src docs index.html
- | | | | | |
- |
- _____________________________|_____
- | | | | |
- api tooldocs relnotes guide index.html
- | | | |
-
-
- The "src" directory shown above originally appears as a "src.zip"
- file in the Solaris installation, which you must manually unzip.
- On Windows, the installer automatically unzips it for you.
-
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
- RUNNING JDK TOOLS IN MICROSOFT WINDOWS
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
- After installing the JDK software, you start a tool by typing its
- name into the DOS window with a filename as an argument. None of
- the main JDK tools are Windows programs with GUI interfaces -- they
- are all run from the DOS command line. (For example, if you
- double-click on the compiler "javac" icon, it will briefly open and
- immediately close a DOS window, because that is not the proper way to
- run it.)
-
- You can specify the path to a tool either by typing the path in
- front of the tool each time, or by adding the path to the startup file
- (autoexec.bat). For example, if the JDK software is installed at
- C:\jdk1.1.6, to run the compiler on a file myfile.java, go to a DOS
- shell and execute this:
-
- Type: C:\jdk1.1.6\bin\javac myfile.java
-
- -or-
-
- Add C:\jdk1.1.6\bin to your path statement
- Type: javac myfile.java
-
- See the next section about setting the PATH and CLASSPATH variables.
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
- MICROSOFT WINDOWS PATH and CLASSPATH
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
- The CLASSPATH is not required, but if it is set, it will need to be
- unset. You may want to update the "path" variable for convenience.
-
- Developing in both versions 1.0.2 and 1.1.6 - If you want
- to develop in both versions 1.0.2 and 1.1.6, you must
- set CLASSPATH (and PATH) separately for each one.
- To run both versions simultaneously, you can run
- each one from its own DOS window. If you are running
- only one at a time, you can write a batch script to
- switch the value of CLASSPATH (and PATH).
-
- Windows NT only - If you are using Windows NT, it is
- preferable to make the following environment variable
- changes in the Control Panel. Start the Control Panel,
- select System, then edit the environment variables.
-
- 1. PATH - Add the absolute path of the "jdk1.1.6\bin"
- directory to your PATH statement as follows.
-
- The PATH statement enables Windows to find the executables
- (javac, java, javadoc, etc.) from any current directory.
-
- To find out the current value of your PATH, at the
- DOS prompt type:
-
- C:\> path
-
- To change the PATH, open the AUTOEXEC.BAT file and make the
- change to the PATH statement. To edit the AUTOEXEC.BAT
- file in Windows 95:
-
- i. Start a text editor by choosing "Start", "Programs",
- "Accessories", and choosing WordPad or NotePad.
- ii. Choose Open from the File menu and type "c:\autoexec.bat"
- for the filename This will open the file for editing.
- iii. Look for the PATH statement. Notice that the PATH statement
- is a series of directories separated by semi-colons (;).
- Windows looks for programs in the PATH directories in order,
- from left to right. Look for other versions in the PATH.
- There should only be one path to a classes.zip file.
- When in doubt, put the java directory at the end of
- the path statement. For example, in the following PATH
- statement, we have added the java directory at the end:
-
- PATH C:\WINDOWS;C:\WINDOWS\COMMAND;C:\;C:\DOS;C:\JDK1.1.6\BIN
-
- To make the path take effect, execute the following:
-
- C:\> autoexec.bat
-
-
- 2. CLASSPATH Environment Variable - If you follow the default
- installation, you do not need to set CLASSPATH, because the
- tools automatically set it for you. If your CLASSPATH has
- not previously been set, you can skip this step.
-
- UNSETTING CLASSPATH
-
- If you have previously set the CLASSPATH and want to
- unset it, you normally need to change the current value
- (at the command line) and the startup value (in a startup
- file or script). For example, to see if it is currently
- set, type:
-
- % set
-
- This lists all of the environment variables. CLASSPATH
- will not appear if it is not set.
-
- If it is set, you can unset the current value by setting
- it to no value:
-
- % set CLASSPATH=
-
- Also open your startup file (autoexec.bat) or script and
- remove the path to the Java platform classes from the
- CLASSPATH environment variable, if you want the change to
- be permanent.
-
- WHAT CLASSPATH DOES
-
- The CLASSPATH tells the Java virtual machine and other
- applications (which are located in the "jdk1.1.6\bin"
- directory) where to find the class libraries, such as
- classes.zip file (which is in the lib directory).
- By default, the java tools temporarily append the
- following to whatever CLASSPATH you have explicitly
- set in your startup file:
-
- .;[bin]\..\classes;[bin]\..\lib\classes.zip
-
- where [bin] is substituted by the absolute path to the
- jdk1.1\bin directory. Therefore, if you keep the bin and
- lib directories at the same directory level (that is, if
- they have a common parent directory), the executables
- will find the classes. You need to set the CLASSPATH only
- if you move classes.zip or want to load a different library
- (such as one you develop).
-
- Refer to the Windows Installation Troubleshooting section below
- if you have problems running the JDK software.
-
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
- USING THE JIT COMPILER
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
- The Win32 Just In Time (JIT) bytecode compiler converts virtual
- machine bytecodes to native instructions before execution. This can
- cause some delay in program startup and class file loading, but can
- also reduce overall program execution time by a factor of ten.
-
- In the Win32 version of the Java Development Kit, the JIT is part of
- the JDK software and is invoked by default. To disable the JIT, pass
- the -nojit option to the launcher tool:
-
- java -nojit MyClass
- jre -nojit MyClass
-
- Some JDK tools, such as appletviewer, run by invoking a launcher. To
- use these tools without the JIT, uses the -D option to pass the -nojit
- option to the launcher:
-
- appletviewer -D-nojit mypage.html
-
- With the java tool, setting JAVA_COMPILER also affects JIT usage. The
- jre tool ignores JAVA_COMPILER. Both tools also use the java.compiler
- property to determine JIT usage. See the appropriate tool
- documentation.
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
- MICROSOFT WINDOWS INSTALLATION TROUBLESHOOTING
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
- Here are four troubleshooting tips for Microsoft Windows.
-
- * If you see the following error message
-
- net.socketException: errno = 10047
-
- -or-
-
- Unsupported version of Windows Socket API
-
- check which TCP/IP drivers you have installed. The AppletViewer
- supports only the Microsoft TCP/IP drivers included with
- Windows 95. If you are using third-party drivers (e.g.,
- Trumpet Winsock), you'll need to change over to the native
- Microsoft TCP/IP drivers if you want to load applets over the
- network.
-
- * If the AppletViewer does not load applets then you might
- try the following:
-
- 1. set HOMEDRIVE=c:
- set HOMEPATH=\
- and restart the AppletViewer (in the same DOS box)
-
- 2. set HOME=c:\
- and restart the AppletViewer (in the same DOS box)
-
- If none of these work, try:
-
- java -verbose sun.applet.AppletViewer
-
- This lists the classes that are being loaded. From this output,
- you can determine which class the AppletViewer is trying to
- load and where it's trying to load it from. Check to make sure
- that the class exists and is not corrupted in some way.
-
- * Error Message: "Exception in thread NULL"
- or "Unable to initialize threads: cannot find class
- java/lang/Thread" (yes, with forward slashes)
-
- If you are getting one of these fatal error messages
- when running java, javac, or appetviewer, you should check
- your CLASSPATH environment variable. It may list
- "c:\java" or the "classes" directory from an older
- release. You can either unset the CLASSPATH variable,
- or set it to include only the latest version of the Java
- platform class library. For example:
-
- C:\> set CLASSPATH=.;C:\jdk1.1.6\lib\classes.zip
-
- This will make sure that you are using the correct classes
- for this release.
-
- * Cannot close AppletViewer copyright window (Windows 95 only)
- In Microsoft Windows 95, the launch bar may partially cover
- the AppletViewer copyright notice window Accept and Reject
- buttons. If this happens, you can move the Windows 95
- launch bar to the side of the desktop to allow access to
- the copyright window Accept and Reject buttons.
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
- POSSIBLE PROBLEMS WITH WINSOCK
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
- When installing the JDK software on a Windows 95 system, the installer
- will check to see if Winsock 2 is installed on the system. Winsock 2 is
- the most recent version of the networking layer (Winsock) for Windows
- and is published by Microsoft. If Winsock 2 isn't installed, the
- installer will offer to install it.
-
- Winsock 2 is advertised as being fully backward compatible with
- Winsock 1.1, its predecessor. Occasionally, however, some Windows
- configurations seem be adversely affected after installing Winsock 2.
- Problems that have been reported include networking programs (such
- as news and mail readers, browsers, etc) that stop working or even
- start crashing.
-
- If this happens on your system, you should remove Winsock 2 from your
- system. This is a simple, three-step procedure:
-
- 1. go to C:\Windows\WS2BAKUP directory
- 2. run the WS2BAKUP.BAT script
- 3. reboot your machine
-
- Even without Winsock 2, the JDK software will continue to work properly.
- In heavy multi-tasked network applications, such as servers, Winsock 1.1
- bugs may manifest themselves. Most other applications will be
- unaffected. We recommend that you upgrade to Winsock 2 as soon as
- possible.
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
- RUNNING JDK TOOLS IN SOLARIS
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
- After installing the JDK software, you start a tool by typing its
- name into a shell window with a filename as an argument. You can
- specify the path to a tool either by typing the path in front of
- the tool each time, or by adding the path to the startup file.
- For example, if the JDK software is installed at /usr/local/jdk1.1.6,
- to run the complier on a file myfile.java, go to a shell and execute:
-
- Type: /usr/local/jdk1.1.6/bin/javac myfile.java
-
- -or-
-
- Add /usr/local/jdk1.1.6/bin to your path statement
- Type: javac myfile.java
-
- The path and CLASSPATH variables are not required, but it is helpful
- to know more about them. See the next section about setting these
- variables.
-
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
- SOLARIS PATH and CLASSPATH
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
- The CLASSPATH is not required, but if it is set, it will need to be
- unset. You may want to update the "path" variable for convenience.
-
- NOTE - If you want to develop in both version 1.0.2 and
- version 1.1.6, you must set CLASSPATH (and path) separately
- for each one. To run both versions simultaneously, you
- can run each one from its own shell window. If you are
- running only one at a time, you can write a batch script
- to switch the value of CLASSPATH (and PATH).
-
- 1. Path Variable - Add the absolute path of the "jdk1.1.6/bin"
- directory to your Unix path variable, as follows.
-
- The path variable enables Solaris to find the executables
- (javac, java, javadoc, etc.) from any current directory.
- To find out if the path is currently set for any java tools,
- execute:
-
- % which java
-
- This will print the path to java, if it can find it.
-
- If you use the C shell (csh), you can set the path in
- your startup file (~/.cshrc) as follows, for example:
-
- set path=($path /usr/local/jdk1.1.6/bin)
-
- Then load the startup file and verify that the path
- is set by repeating the "which" command above:
-
- % source ~/.cshrc
- % which java
-
- 2. CLASSPATH Environment Variable - If you follow the default
- installation, you do not need to set CLASSPATH, because the
- shell scripts automatically set it for you. If your CLASSPATH
- has not previously been set, you can skip this step.
-
-
- If you want to develop in both 1.0.2 and 1.1.6, you must set
- CLASSPATH separately for each one. To run both simultaneously,
- run each one in its own DOS window. If you are running only one
- at a time, you can write a batch script to switch the value of
- CLASSPATH.
-
- UNSETTING CLASSPATH
-
- If you have previously set the CLASSPATH and want to
- unset it, you normally need to change the current value
- (at the command line) and the startup value (in a startup
- file or script). For example, to see if it is currently
- set, type:
-
- % echo $CLASSPATH
-
- If it is set, you can unset the current value by typing:
-
- % unsetenv CLASSPATH
-
- Also open your startup file (~/.cshrc) or script and
- remove the path to the JDK classes from the CLASSPATH
- environment variable if you want the change to be
- permanent.
-
- WHAT CLASSPATH DOES
-
- The CLASSPATH tells the Java virtual machine and other
- applications (which are located in the "jdk1.1.6/bin" directory)
- where to find the class libraries, such as classes.zip file
- (which is in the lib directory). By default, the java tools
- temporarily append the following to whatever CLASSPATH
- you have explicitly set in your startup file:
-
- .:[bin]/../classes:[bin]/../lib/classes.zip
-
- where [bin] is substituted by the absolute path to the
- jdk1.1/bin directory. Therefore, if you keep the bin and
- lib directories at the same directory level (that is, if
- they have a common parent directory), the executables
- will find the classes. You need to set the CLASSPATH only
- if you move classes.zip or want to load a different library
- (such as one you develop).
-
- Refer to the Solaris Installation Troubleshooting section below
- if you have problems running the JDK software.
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
- SOLARIS INSTALLATION TROUBLESHOOTING
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
- * Error Message: "Exception in thread NULL"
- or "Unable to initialize threads: cannot find class java/lang/Thread"
-
- If you are getting one of these fatal error messages
- when running java, javac, or appetviewer, you should check
- your CLASSPATH environment variable. It may list
- "java" or the "classes" directory from an older
- release. You can either unset the CLASSPATH variable,
- or set it to include only the latest version of the Java platform
- class library. For example:
-
- % setenv CLASSPATH .:/usr/local/jdk1.1.6/lib/classes.zip
-
- This will ensure that you are using the correct classes for
- this release.
-
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
- RUNNING APPLETS WITH THE APPLETVIEWER
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
- AppletViewer allows you to run one or more applets that are called by
- reference in a web page (HTML file) using the APPLET tag. The
- AppletViewer finds the APPLET tags in the HTML file and runs the
- applets (in separate windows) as specified by the tags.
-
- AppletViewer is for viewing applets. It cannot display an entire
- web page that contains many HTML tags. It parses only the APPLET
- tag and no other HTML on the web page.
-
- To run an applet with appletviewer, you go to a command line for
- your operating system and run appletviewer, passing in the filename
- or URL of the web page as its argument.
- _______
- SOLARIS
-
- Here is an example of how to invoke AppletViewer on a file-based
- web page in Solaris. First change to the "jdk1.1.6" directory.
- Then execute:
-
- bin/appletviewer demo/GraphLayout/example1.html
-
- Here is an example of how to invoke AppletViewer on a URL-based
- web page in Solaris. Execute:
-
- bin/appletviewer http://java.sun.com/applets/NervousText/example1.html
- _______
- WINDOWS
- Here is an example of how to invoke AppletViewer on a file-based
- web page in Windows. Go to a DOS prompt, change to the "jdk1.1.6"
- directory and then execute:
-
- bin\appletviewer demo\GraphLayout\example1.html
-
- Here is an example of how to invoke AppletViewer on a URL-based
- web page in Windows. Execute:
-
- bin\appletviewer http://java.sun.com/applets/NervousText/example1.html
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
- DEBUGGING PROGRAMS WITH THE DEBUGGER (JDB)
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
- You can debug applets using the -debug option of appletviewer.
- When debugging applets, it's best to invoke appletviewer from
- the directory that contains the applet's HTML file. For example,
- on Solaris:
-
- cd demo/TicTacToe
- ../../bin/appletviewer -debug example1.html
-
- On the PC:
-
- cd demo\TicTacToe
- ..\..\bin\appletviewer -debug example1.html
-
- You can find documentation on the debugger and its API at:
-
- http://java.sun.com/products/jdk/1.1/debugging/
-
-
-
- =======================================================================
- DEPLOYING JAVA APPLICATIONS
- =======================================================================
-
- A Java application, unlike a Java applet, cannot rely on a web browser
- for installation and runtime services. When you deploy a Java
- application, your software bundle will probably consist of the
- following parts:
-
- * Your own class, resource, and data files.
-
- * A runtime environment.
-
- * An installation procedure or program.
-
- The first item, you already have, of course. The remainder of this
- section covers the other two items.
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
- RUNTIME ENVIRONMENT
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
- To run your application, a user needs a Java virtual machine, the Java
- platform core classes, and various support programs and files. This
- collection of software is known as a runtime environment.
-
- The JDK software serves as a runtime environment. However, you probably
- can't assume your users have the JDK software installed, and your JDK
- software license doesn't allow you to redistribute JDK software files.
-
- JavaSoft provides a free, redistributable runtime environment called
- the Java Runtime Environment. Versions of this are are available for
- all platforms that run the JDK software. The Java Runtime Environment
- Version 1.1.6 is available for download at:
-
- http://java.sun.com/products/jdk/1.1/jre/
-
- The Win32 versions comes with a built-in installation program suitable
- for end-users. Solaris versions require the developer to provide
- installation support.
-
- The Java Runtime Environment for Win32 is available both with and
- without international support. The non-international version is much
- smaller, but is suitable only for English-speaking users.
-
- JavaSoft is not the only supplier of runtime software for Java
- programs. If you use a third-party runtime, you should make sure it is
- fully compatible with the Java Runtime Environment.
-
- For information on third-party runtime environments, see:
-
- http://java.sun.com/cgi-bin/java-ports.cgi
-
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
- INSTALLATION
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
- The final step in the deployment process occurs when the software is
- installed on individual user system. Installation consists of copying
- software onto the user's system, then configuring the user's system to
- support that software.
-
- This step includes installing and configuring the runtime environment.
- If you use the Java Runtime Environment, you must make sure that your
- installation procedure never overwrites an existing installation,
- unless the existing Java Runtime Environment is an older version.
-
- The Win32 version of the Java Runtime Environment is distributed as a
- self-installing executable. A simple way to redistribute the Java
- Runtime Environment is to include this executable in your software
- bundle. You can then have your installation program run the executable,
- or simply instruct the user to install the Java Runtime Environment
- before installing the rest of your bundle.
-
- The Win32 installation program records program information in the
- Windows Registry. This registry information includes the software
- version, which you should compare with the Java Runtime Environment
- version in your software bundle. For more information, refer to the the
- Java Runtime Environment Notes for Developers at:
-
- http://java.sun.com/products/jdk/1.1/runtime.html
-
- A more sophisticated approach is to install the Java Runtime
- Environment on your own system, then copy the files you need into your
- own installation set. If you choose this approach, you must include all
- files described as "required" in the Java Runtime Environment README.
- The Java Runtime Environment software can only be redistributed if all
- "required" files are included. See the LICENSE file for specifics.
-
- If you use this approach, do not try to emulate the installation steps
- performed by the Java Runtime Environment installer. You might "break"
- an existing Java Runtime Environment installation by missing a new or
- undocumented installation step. Instead, you should include the Java
- Runtime Environment files in your own application directory. In effect,
- your application has its own "private" copy of the Java Runtime
- Environment.
-
- If your application uses the networking classes, it may not run
- reliably under Winsock 1.1. (See "Possible Problems with Winsock,"
- under "Installing and Running the JDK Software," above.) If your
- networking application must support Windows 95, which comes with
- Winsock 1.1, you will want to include a Winsock 2.0 install in your
- installation procedure. (Windows NT 4.0 and Windows 98 come with
- Winsock 2.0.) To provide Winsock 2.0, you need the Microsoft Windows
- Sockets 2.0 Software Development Kit. This free software can be
- downloaded from the following addresses:
-
- http://www.microsoft.com/win32dev/netwrk/winsock2/ws295sdk.html
- http://www.microsoft.com/windows95/info/ws2.htm
- ftp://ftp.microsoft.com/bussys/WinSock/winsock2/
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
- Copyright ⌐ 1996, 1997, 1998 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
- 901 San Antonio Rd., Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA
- All rights reserved.
-
-