Abilene Established by cattlemen as stock shipping point on Texas and Pacific Railroad in 1881, named for Abilene, KS, original end-point of Old Chisholm Trail; later became major cattle producing area with diversified farming. In recent years oil has added great impetus to city's economy. When the city celebrated its centennial in 1981, the city set up a demonstration oil-drilling rig on the county fairgrounds--just to illustrate the techniques of "making hole." By pure accident, it struck oil--not much, but enough for modest, profitable production. Cultural aspects influenced by Abilene Christian Univ., Hardin-Simmons Univ., and McMurry Univ., branches of Cisco Junior College and Texas State Technical College; community theater and a philharmonic association and fine arts museum.■ The West Texas Fair, ten days in mid-Sept., features exhibits and amusements reflecting early days of Abilene, plus modern attractions of West Texas.■ The Western Heritage Classic in early May features ranch rodeo, campfire cook-off, sheep dog trials, farrier competition, Cowboy Poet's Society, Western art show, and many other activities recalling early Western heritage.■ The last weekend in April features the Buffalo Gap Art Festival under the oaks on the tree-shaded Perini Ranch.■ Abilene lies on U.S. 84, a segment of the Ports to Plains Highway connecting the state's heartland to coastal ports, as well as on U.S. 83, 277 and I-20.■ Cities within approximately 40 miles of Abilene: Albany * Anson * Baird * Buffalo Gap * Moran * Stamford * Sweetwater * Winters
Albany Seat of Shackelford County, was early supply point on Western Trail to Dodge City; still important as ranch land; beef cattle supply 90 percent of county's agricultural income. Also oil producing and oil well supply center.■ Old MKT depot serves as chamber of commerce office, community center and exhibit area for local handicrafts. Open weekdays; #2 S. Main St. For additional information on city's amenities, call 915/762-2525."Fort Griffin Fandangle," presented last two weekends in June by more than 200 townsfolk under the stars of the West Texas sky. Musical version of history as it lingers in memories of old-timers is unique blend of hoe-down and ballet, laughter and solemnity.■ Cities within approximately 30 miles of Albany: Baird * Breckenridge * Cisco * Fort Griffin * Moran * Stamford
Amarillo Commercial, cultural, and recreational center for vast plains of Texas Panhandle. World's leading helium producer; superb climate with air rated cleanest in the nation for city of its size. Fifty-six parks cover 2,300 acres and include tennis courts, swimming pools, fishing lakes, playgrounds, and 36-hole municipal golf course.■ First settlement in 1887 was buffalo-hide tent camp of railroad construction workers. Today, excellent accommodations, spacious convention/civic center, symphony, ballet, little theater, opera, and home of Amarillo College.■ Get your kicks on Route 66! Amarillo was on Route 66, and many Route 66 fan clubs have sprung up all over the U.S. and the world. Look for the "Old Route 66" highway signs installed by the Texas Department of Transportation marking the route through the area, making it easier for visitors to find that piece of Americana.■ Inquire locally about Big Texan Steak Ranch & Emporium. Known nationwide for 72-oz. steak dinner offered free to anyone who can eat the entire meal in one hour. 7700 I-40 E.; open daily.■ Cities within approximately 40 miles of Amarillo: Borger * Boys Ranch * Canyon * Claude * Fritch * Panhandle
Anson Seat of Jones County. Founded in 1881 and named for Dr. Anson Jones, last president of the Republic of Texas. Area is one of richest farming areas in Texas; cotton production can be observed from field to gin. Other primary crops include wheat, sorghum, hay, and oats. Cattle, oil, and gas extraction, and gypsum products add to the economy.■ Each December since 1885, The Cowboys' Christmas Ball is held in Pioneer Hall. Popularized by Michael Martin Murphey's musical rendition of the "The Cowboys' Christmas Ball," a poem honoring ranchmen of Texas written in 1890 by William Lawrence (Larry) Chittenden after attending one of the balls.■ For information about the ball, or on restaurants and accommodations, contact the Anson Chamber of Commerce at 1132 West Court Plaza, or call 915/823-3259.■ Cities within approximately 40 miles of Anson: Abilene * Albany * Baird * Buffalo Gap * Stamford * Sweetwater
Archer City Established as Archer County seat in 1881. In early years was retail and shipping center for area ranches; still retail center for county. Agriculture includes cattle ranching, and wheat and dairy farming. Shallow oil wells drilled in 1920s still contribute to area economy.■ Outdoor recreation includes 9-hole golf course, and city park with swimming, picnicking, and RV hookups. Hunting in season for dove, wild turkey, quail, and deer.■ Booked Up, Inc. Bookstore offers largest collection of antiquarian books in the U.S.; gathered over several years by native son Larry McMurtry, author of popular Western novel, "Lonesome Dove". Rare and unusual books, and out-of-print publications. Occupies renovated buildings on both sides of Main St. 817/574-2511.■ Also, site of two movies based on novels written by McMurtry; "The Last Picture Show" filmed in 1971, and "Texasville" in 1989.■ Cities within approximately 40 miles of Archer City: Burkburnett * Graham * Jacksboro * Newcastle * Olney * Wichita Falls
Baird Established 1880 with building of Texas and Pacific Railroad. A roundhouse, repair shops, and switches marked railroad division point named for Matthew Baird, railroad director who drove first stake on the T&P RR in 1875. Today seat of Callahan County and commercial center for farming and livestock area.■ Many antique and specialty shops in restored turn-of-the-century buildings, downtown. Officially recognized as Antique Capital of West Texas by Texas Legislature in 1993.■ The Old Rock Jail at 100 W. 5th St. was moved from the former county seat, Belle Plain. Each block was numbered and the jail was rebuilt exactly as it had been. It's used as a Boy Scout meeting place today.■ Be sure to stop by Grumpe's candy factory, one of only four candy factories producing lollipops for business advertising in the U.S., and one of only two that puts messages on both the stick and candy. At 206 Market St.■ In season, hunters take wild turkey, deer, quail, dove, and wild hog. Golfers find a challenging and scenic 18-hole golf course inviting year round. For information on area leases, attractions, and special events, inquire at chamber of commerce located in T&P Depot that houses Railroad Heritage Museum . 915/854-2003.■ Cities within approximately 40 miles of Baird: Abilene * Albany * Anson * Breckenridge * Buffalo Gap * Cisco * Coleman * Eastland * Fort Griffin * Moran
Ballinger City established in 1886 as Hutchins City; present seat of Runnels County. County, cut by Colorado River, is predominantly agricultural with extensive beef, dairy cattle, sheep, and poultry, plus cotton, grain sorghum, and fruits. Minerals include oil and natural gas.■ Carnegie Library, built 1909, is one of few in state in continuous use as library. Listed on National Register of Historic Places, library is open weekday afternoons.■ Downtown Pioneer Plaza honors pioneers; fountain, gazebo, and restored Star Tobacco sign, circa 1909.■ Cities within approximately 40 miles of Ballinger: Bronte * Buffalo Gap * Coleman * Eola * Miles * Paint Rock * Robert Lee * San Angelo * Winters
Benjamin On divide between South Wichita and Brazos Rivers, city was established in 1884 when 12 houses were built with lumber hauled from Wichita Falls. Early center of cattlemen's activities, present seat of Knox County, still a major ranching area for wheat, seedless watermelons, potatoes, and onions. Area is also known for wild hogs and was one of the first to post "wild hogs crossing" signs in the state.■ Local lakes Benjamin, Davis, and Catherine offer abundant water activities.■ Cities within approximately 50 miles of Benjamin: Crowell * Paducah * Quanah * Stamford * Vernon
Buffalo Gap Settlement at site of natural pass in the Callahan Divide through which buffalo traveled for centuries; was a point on the famous Dodge (or Western) Cattle Trail. Recent visitor oriented developments offer a variety of restaurants, art-souvenir-handicraft shops, and historical restorations.■ Cities within approximately 40 miles of Buffalo Gap: Abilene * Anson * Baird * Ballinger * Bronte * Coleman * Sweetwater * Winters
Big Spring Seat of Howard County; name derived from huge natural spring on Sulphur Draw that watered buffalo, antelope, wild mustangs, and Comanche and Shawnee Indians. First white men at site in 1849. Spring today is at center of city park (see below).■ City is home of Howard College and Dorothy Garrett Coliseum, and Southwest Collegiate Institute for the Deaf.■ Heritage walking tour features 26 historic buildings with antique and gift shops, Railroad and Train Display and memorabilia. From Railroad Plaza where Union Pacific railroad meets Main St.■ Cities within approximately 50 miles of Big Spring: Colorado City * Gail * Lamesa * Midland * Snyder * Stanton
Borger Established following discovery of rich Panhandle Oil Field in 1926. In months, a boom town of tents and shacks sprang up, and population numbered more than 40,000. Orderly growth soon replaced the ribald oil boom days, and now Borger is a center for oil, chemicals, and cattle. Tanks and towers of oil and petrochemical plants dominate the skyline. Home of Frank Phillips College.■ Cities within approximately 40 miles of Borger: Amarillo * Claude * Dumas * Fritch * Groom * Pampa * Panhandle * Spearman * Stinnett
Burkburnett First settled in the 1860s by pioneers D.P. McCracken and H.C. Ackers on Gilbert Creek in northeastern Wichita County. Cowboys on the giant Samuel Burk Burnett 6666 Ranch derisively called the community "Nesterville." In 1907 Joseph A. Kemp and Frank Kell from nearby Wichita Falls bought part of the Burk Burnett ranch for their railroad and laid out the present townsite. It's said town was named for Burk Burnett when President Theodore Roosevelt personally interceded with the Post Office Department. (Roosevelt had been Burnett's guest on a wolf hunt in the area in 1905.) The 1918 Fowler oil discovery turned the struggling farming community into a boom town. Oil derricks were so close together old-timers say it was almost possible to walk across town from derrick to derrick without touching the ground. The 1941 movie "Boomtown," with Clark Gable and Spencer Tracy, was based on those wild oil-boom days.■ The boom's gone and oil pours less freely today. Farming, ranching, and diversified industries provide stability to the economy. Several parks provide picnic facilities.■ Cities within approximately 50 miles of Burkburnett: Archer City * Vernon * Wichita Falls
Breckenridge Established 1876, said named for John C. Breckenridge, vice president under James Buchanan, 1857-61. Large-production oil wells discovered 1916-17; boom exploded in 1920 when town leaped from population of 1,500 to 30,000 in 12 months. As in most cases, boom soon faded. Today seat of Stephens County, retail and shipping center for ranching activities, location of petroleum-related and other industries.■ Cities within approximately 30 miles of Breckenridge: Albany * Caddo * Cisco * Eastland * Fort Griffin * Moran * Ranger
Brownfield Established as county seat of Terry County in 1904; named for Col. Benjamin Franklin Terry, Confederate leader of Terry's Texas Rangers. Principal incorporated town in county, situated at intersection of five highway routes. Retail, medical, and commercial center for crop, livestock, and oil-producing area.■ Cities within approximately 40 miles of Brownfield: Denver City * Lamesa * Levelland * Lubbock * O'Donnell * Seagraves * Seminole * Tahoka
Bronte Established 1887; named for famed English novelist, Charlotte Bronte. Local park offers swimming pool, nine-hole golf course and playground.■ Cities within approximately 40 miles of Bronte: Ballinger * Buffalo Gap * Eola * Miles * Paint Rock * Robert Lee * San Angelo * Winters
Brownwood Established 1856, city became one of state's largest cotton-buying centers. Oil discovered in 1920s; substantial industrial development in recent decades. A number of fine old structures of native sandstone--homes, a former mill, stores, and schools--are reminders of city's history. Home of Howard Payne Univ.■ U.S. Department of Agriculture's W.R. Poage Pecan Field Station located here since 1939; 16 new varieties developed since 1953.■ Brownwood lies on U.S. 183, a segment of the Ports to Plains Highway connecting the state's heartland to coastal ports.■ Cities within approximately 50 miles of Brownwood: Brady * Cisco * Coleman * Comanche * Dublin * Eastland * Goldthwaite * San Saba
Boys Ranch Cal Farley's Boys Ranch is a nationally known home for boys and girls who benefit from guidance, affectionate discipline, and education in a ranch setting. Established in 1939 by the late Cal Farley, Texas businessman and world welterweight wrestling champion of the 1920s.■ The first boys who came to the ranch lived in the abandoned courthouse of Old Tascosa that is now the Julian Bivins Museum Founded and expanded by private donations, the ranch today covers 10,600 acres. Facilities includes a chapel, clinic, schools, fine arts and auditorium, visitors center, and 23 homes for children.■ More than 400 boys and girls help operate the ranch, attend school and vocational classes, and enjoy a year-round program of athletics. A popular annual event is the Boys Ranch Rodeo, Labor Day weekend, featuring competition among youths of all ages. Although some 80 percent of the young people were headed for trouble before coming to the ranch, most remain and graduate from the fully accredited Boys Ranch High School, entering the adult world as useful, self-reliant citizens. Visitors are welcome at the ranch; open daily 8 a.m. - 5 p.m.■ Cities within approximately 50 miles of Boys Ranch: Amarillo * Canyon * Dalhart * Dumas * Fritch * Hereford
Caddo Caddo Indians camped on what is now the townsite. Today, city is an agricultural community and gateway to popular recreational areas on Possum Kingdom Lake.■ Cities within approximately 30 miles of Caddo: Breckenridge * Cisco * Eastland * Graham * Moran * Ranger * Thurber
Canadian Canadian became county seat when Hemphill County was organized in 1887. It's located on the Canadian River and the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe RR in the northwestern part of the county. Early settlers held one of the first rodeos in Texas. Today a chief commercial center of county, that derives much of its economy from ranching and some oil activity.■ Northwest of Canadian is the Black Kettle National Grasslands, administered by National Forest Service. Visitors find campsites, cottages, picnic grounds at small Lake Marvin. Fishing for bass, channel catfish and sunfish. Nature trails popular during fall foliage season and visitors often see deer, wild turkey, and waterfowl.■ Cities within approximately 50 miles of Canadian: McLean * Miami * Pampa * Perryton * Shamrock * Spearman * Wheeler
Canyon Originated 1878 as headquarters for huge T Anchor Ranch; seat of Randall County and gateway to spectacular Palo Duro Canyon State Park; home of West Texas State A&M Univ.■ Cities within approximately 40 miles of Canyon: Amarillo * Claude * Dimmitt * Hereford * Panhandle * Tulia
Center Founded 1866 and named for its central location in Shelby County; town's economy is based on sawmills, plywood mills, timber, poultry, cattle, and processing of farm products. Home of Shelby Junior College.■ Cities within approximately 50 miles of Center: Carthage * Hemphill * Henderson * Lufkin * Nacogdoches * San Augustine * Tatum * Waskom * Zavalla
Childress Seat of Childress County named for George Campbell Childress, author of Texas Declaration of Independence. An agricultural center for cotton, grains and livestock, town is on the Burlington Northern Railroad, has small, diversified industries.■ Cities within approximately 50 miles of Childress: Crowell * Matador * Memphis * Paducah * Quanah * Quitaque * Turkey * Wellington
Cisco Established 1881, community developed as marketing and distribution center for large cattle and agricultural area. Economy stimulated by discovery of Ranger oil pool in 1917. Continues as center for oil and gas production, diversified agriculture and manufacturing. Home of Cisco Junior College.■ Cities within approximately 30 miles of Cisco: Albany * Baird * Breckenridge * Caddo * Eastland * Moran * Ranger
Claude Like many Texas towns, a railroad genesis; established as stop on Fort Worth and Denver City Railroad in 1887. Today the seat of Armstrong Country. Grain elevators and stockyards indicate major agricultural production. Shoppers attracted by several antique shops.■ Cities within approximately 40 miles of Claude: Amarillo * Borger * Canyon * Clarendon * Fritch * Groom * Pampa * Panhandle
Colorado City In 1877 a Texas Ranger camp on present townsite was first known Anglo-American settlement. Town became boisterous frontier supply point and recreation center. Today center of rich agricultural region that includes extensive industry related to petroleum. Seat of Mitchell County.■ Cities within approximately 50 miles of Colorado City: Big Spring * Bronte * Gail * Robert Lee * Snyder * Sweetwater
Clarendon Established by Methodist minister, L.H. Carhart, in 1878 as a "sobriety settlement" in contrast to typical boom towns of that era. It earned the sobriquet "Saints Roost" by local cowboys. Seat of Donley County, Clarendon is the oldest thriving town in the Texas Panhandle. Many museums have fossilized specimens found near here from the Clarendonian Age, dating back 11 million years to the Early Pliocene Age. Locals call Clarendon home of "trailblazers, cattle barons, cowboys, preachers, teachers, sodbusters, merchants, craftsmen, artists, old bones, and old fossils...and maybe a few saints!" Today farming and ranching still remain the primary economy of the county.■ Cities within approximately 40 miles of Clarendon: Claude * Groom * McLean * Memphis * Panhandle * Silverton * Turkey * Wellington
Cleveland Established 1880 as a station on the Houston, East and West Texas Railroad (later the Texas and New Orleans). Now a lumber shipping point.■ Cities within approximately 30 miles of Cleveland: Coldspring * Conroe * Humble * Liberty * Livingston * Spring
Coleman Founded 1876 on Hords Creek, area of rolling, grassy plains and wide bottom lands. A typical frontier settlement, first store hardly completed before a cemetery was laid out for loser in cowboy gunfight. Today seat of Coleman County. Area still devoted to large scale ranching; additional income from oil, natural gas, limestone, and high-grade glass sand from Santa Anna Mountain eight miles southeast.■ Coleman lies on U.S. 84, a segment of the Ports to Plains Highway connecting the state's heartland to coastal ports.■ Cities within approximately 40 miles of Coleman: Baird * Ballinger * Brownwood * Buffalo Gap * Paint Rock * Winters
Crowell Established 1891, seat of Foard County, retail center for agricultural and oil production. In mid-1800s area was domain of Comanche Indians who figured in history's most famous case of a white girl captured and reared by red men. The girl was Cynthia Ann Parker, taken by Indians 1836, recaptured by white men in 1860. Recapture site, Pease River Battlefield marked by a historical marker, some nine miles northeast on F.M. 98. ■ Cities within approximately 50 miles of Crowell: Benjamin * Childress * Paducah * Quanah * Vernon
Crosbyton Seat of Crosby County, near Blanco Canyon, a scenic spot of South Plains area. Founded by a livestock company; town lot sale Feb. 1908. Commercial center for farming and livestock area, and market for cotton, grain sorghums, wheat and cattle. Free RV camping with hookups in city park, U.S. 82 east of downtown.■ "God's Country," an original prairie drama, is presented mid-July and early August each year in Blanco Canyon Amphitheater north of Crosbyton. The play depicts the life and local history faced by early settlers, including the tension felt in Quanah Parker's camp as he and his fellow Comanches agonized over the decision to lay down their arms. For exact dates, tickets, and other information, call the Crosbyton Chamber of Commerce at 806/675-2261.■ Cities within approximately 40 miles of Crosbyton: Dickens * Floydada * Lubbock * Matador * Post * Ralls * Slaton
Dalhart Grew at junction of Denver City and Rock Island Railroad lines that crossed here in 1901; first called Twist, the designation of a railroad section, later Denrock, combining the railroad names, finally Dalhart, a syllable combination of two counties (Dallam and Hartley) in which the town lies. Current seat of Dallam County, and a shipping point for cattle, grains and other agricultural products.■ The Dalhart Community Theatre is restoring the La Rita Theatre, a vintage 1920s movie palace, for future stage productions at 311 Denrock.■ Dalhart is located on the southern fly-way, hosting an abundant variety of fowl, but native pheasant population draws sportsmen from far and wide during hunting season.■ XIT Rodeo & Reunion, honors dwindling numbers of old-time XIT ranch hands and celebrates the heritage of the huge ranch. Features world's largest amateur rodeo; held annually in late summer.■ Cities within approximately 50 miles of Dalhart: Boys Ranch * Dumas * Stratford
Dickens Seat of Dickens County, retail center for large ranching area. About eight miles below the escarpment of the Cap Rock (High Plains), first settlements grew from dugout line camps used by cowboys of famous Spur, Pitchfork, and Matador Ranches. Nearby Croton Brakes region is a scenic area of colorful canyons, buttes and small creeks. Inquire locally for directions.■ Cities within approximately 50 miles of Dickens: Crosbyton * Floydada * Matador * Paducah * Post * Ralls * Slaton
Dimmitt Established in 1891 as county seat of Castro County and named for Rev. W.C. Dimmitt. The hard feelings after Dimmitt was selected over Castro City as county seat led to a gunfight between Ira Aten, a retired Texas Ranger, and Andrew McClelland. An historical marker at the courthouse square commemorates the event.■ County excels in agriculture, producing large yields of corn, wheat, sunflowers, sugar beets and vegetables (potatoes, carrots, onions, cucumbers).■ Cities within approximately 50 miles of Dimmitt: Canyon * Hale Center * Hereford * Littlefield * Muleshoe * Plainview * Tulia
Denver City Established in 1939 when the Wassom oil pool developed, and was named by the oil company. The city incorporated in 1940 during the height of the oil boom. Today the city is center for industry and agriculture production in Yoakum County. Favorable weather conditions contributes to the growing of cotton, sorghum, peanuts, wheat, and other grains. Beef cattle also an important part of the agricultural economy.■ For information on accommodations, events, and dining, contact the Denver City Chamber of Commerce at 104 W. Third St., or call 806/592-5424.■ Cities within approximately 50 miles of Denver City: Brownfield * Seagraves * Seminole
Dumas Named after Louis Dumas, president of townsite company that founded this seat of Moore County in 1892. Oil discovered 1926. In heart of nation's largest grain sorghum producing area, center of one of world's largest natural gas fields, producer of two-thirds of nation's helium. Recreation areas include eight city parks; scenic beauty in rugged canyons and hills of Canadian River brakes. Nearby Lake Meredith offers fishing, boating, swimming and water skiing.■ Cities within approximately 40 miles of Dumas: Borger * Boys Ranch * Dalhart * Fritch * Stinnett * Stratford
Eola Small agricultural community first settled in 1898 on vast Midwest Texas ranch lands of Concho County. Original name of Jordan changed in 1903 with establishment of post office. Name, taken from nearby creek, is Indian for "good returns from blowing wind."■ Cities within approximately 40 miles of Eola: Ballinger * Bronte * Menard * Miles * Paint Rock * San Angelo
Eastland Established about 1875 as seat of Eastland County, grew primarily as a trade center for surrounding farms and ranches. Current area resources include oil, ranching, farming and manufacturing. Eastland County ranks fifth in the state in peanut production. Fruit, pecans, vegetables, and feed crops are also important.■ Cities within approximately 30 miles of Eastland: Breckenridge * Caddo * Cisco * Moran * Ranger * Thurber
Floydada Established 1890, originally called Floyd City. Seat of Floyd County in center of productive farm area, headquarters for large electric co-op, and cotton ginning and shipping point. Check with the chamber of commerce for information on the Circle Dot Ranch which serves cowboy breakfasts and suppers on edge of Caprock Canyon. And for information on events, dining, and accommodations, stop by the chamber office at 105 W. California St. or call 806/983-3434.■ Cities within approximately 40 miles of Floydada: Crosbyton * Dickens * Hale Center * Matador * Plainview * Quitaque * Ralls * Silverton * Turkey
Fritch Gateway to recreational areas around Lake Meredith and to Alibates Flint Quarries National Monument (see below).■ Cities within approximately 40 miles of Fritch: Amarillo * Borger * Claude * Dumas * Pampa * Panhandle * Stinnett
Fort Griffin Frontier Shackelford County community that grew around military post of same name, served as area trade center in 1870s and '80s. It was a rough, wild settlement frequented by cavalry troopers, trail-herd cowboys, buffalo hunters, and outlaws. More than 200,000 buffalo hides were shipped from the town. Over a 12-year period, gunfights accounted for 34 public killings. Town declined after fort was abandoned, and today there are only scattered rural homes on Brazos River farmlands at site on U.S. 283 north of Albany.■ Cities within approximately 40 miles of Fort Griffin: Albany * Baird * Breckenridge * Caddo * Cisco * Graham * Moran * Newcastle * Stamford
Gail Both town and county named for Gail Borden, Texas patriot, surveyor, editor, trustee of Texas Baptist Education Society that founded Baylor Univ., inventor of condensed milk, and founder of Borden Foods. Established as ranch supply point in 1891, is county seat and only town in Borden County; remains cow town without bank, theater, railroad, hotel, doctor, or lawyer. Courthouse is the one large building on main street.■ Cities within approximately 40 miles of Gail: Big Spring * Lamesa * O'Donnell * Post * Snyder * Tahoka
Graham In southeastern Young County on the Wichita Falls and Southern, and the Chicago, Rock Island, and Gulf Railroads, Graham was founded in 1872 by Gustavus and Edwin S. Graham. The Graham brothers were from Kentucky and founded Graham Brothers Salt Works. In 1874 Young County was organized and Graham became the county seat. By 1876 the Leader ran its first edition; this weekly publication is the oldest newspaper in the Northwest Texas region. Today Graham is the hub of agribusiness, oil and gas extraction, and other industries in the county.■ Visitors like to shop in Graham's antique stores and antique auction houses. The city also has one of few remaining drive-in theaters left in the state.■ In the spring, daffodils abound; the chamber of commerce at 608 Elm St. offers a driving map for a daffodil trail as well as other information on the city.■ Cities within approximately 40 miles of Graham: Archer City * Breckenridge * Caddo * Fort Griffin * Jacksboro * Mineral Wells * Newcastle * Olney
Groom Groom was named for an early cattleman, B.B. Groom. The town site was laid off in 1903 near the Chicago, Rock Island, and Gulf Railroad. The city is in the southeastern corner of Carson County. Farming and ranching are the primary agribusiness products, and the area also has resources from oil and gas.■ Cities within approximately 40 miles of Groom: Borger * Clarendon * Claude * McLean * Pampa * Panhandle
Hale Center At the center of Hale County, town resulted from compromise of two rival villages, Hale City and Epworth, that united in 1893. Buildings from both were moved to new townsite. Originally supplying large ranches, town became center of intensive farming as irrigation developed in 20th Century. In the county, more than 400,000 irrigated acres produce cotton, grain sorghum, wheat, sunflowers, sugar beets, and table vegetables. Worldwide hunting trophies are displayed at Hi-Plains Hospital. Included is three-tusk elephant head.■ Cities within approximately 40 miles of Hale Center: Floydada * Littlefield * Lubbock * Plainview * Ralls * Tulia
Hereford Named for early herds of Hereford cattle; seat of Deaf Smith County. (Deaf Smith commanded Sam Houston's scouts at Battle of San Jacinto.) Called "town without a toothache" due to low incidence of dental decay attributed to natural fluorides in municipal water supply. Agribusiness economy with immense production of grain sorghum, wheat, corn, grapes, and sugar beets. Local plant refines sugar from beets grown in four-county area. Three million cattle annually move through area feedlots.■ Cities within approximately 50 miles of Hereford: Amarillo * Boys Ranch * Canyon * Dimmitt * Muleshoe * Tulia
Jacksboro Petroleum refining and related oil field services are among industries in seat of Jack County, primarily large, sparsely settled ranching area. Settlement began 1855; Butterfield stages ran through community first known as Lost Creek, next Mesquiteville, then Jacksboro.■ Quaint downtown includes buildings constructed of native limestone built in the late 1800s. Shoppers enjoy browsing through gift and antique shops.■ Two city parks provide tennis courts, baseball fields, and swimming pool.■ Cities within approximately 40 miles of Jacksboro: Archer City * Boyd * Decatur * Graham * Mineral Wells * Newcastle * Olney * Weatherford bro
Lamesa Seat of Dawson County at the southeast edge of Texas High Plains, which are the southernmost extension of the Great Plains of the United States. Name from Spanish "la mesa," meaning "the table," describes the flat terrain. Area economy based on extensive oil, industrial and agricultural production. One of the state's largest cotton-producing counties.■ Nearby lakes have game fishing and water sports. Two golf courses, swimming pool and acres of public parks provide recreation/entertainment.■ Cities within approximately 50 miles of Lamesa: Big Spring * Brownfield * Gail * Midland * O'Donnell * Post * Seagraves * Seminole * Stanton * Tahoka
Littlefield Named for George Washington Littlefield, cattle baron and philanthropist who bought and developed southern Yellowhouse Division of famed XIT Ranch. Townsite first surveyed in 1912 and became station on Panhandle and Santa Fe Railroad a year later. Now banking, commercial and manufacturing center; seat of Lamb County. More than 300,000 farm acres are irrigated; chief crops are cotton and grain; large ranches and livestock feeding lots. Large textile mill converts enough West Texas cotton into denim each year to make 19 million blue jeans.■ City park has picnicking, free overnight camping with hookups.■ Cities within approximately 40 miles of Littlefield: Hale Center * Levelland * Lubbock * Morton * Muleshoe * Plainview
Lubbock Seat of Lubbock County and major city of the South Plains. The abundant grass and the expansion of the cattle industry in the 1880s led to the cattle empires on the Texas Plains and the settling of two towns: Old Lubbock and Monterey. In 1890, the two cities came together and mutually accepted a new site, which they called Lubbock, and it became the center of ranching and cattle operations in the area.■ Today a city of industry, technology, oil, agriculture, warehousing, medicine and culture. Site of Lubbock Christian Univ., Texas Tech Univ. and School of Medicine, and Reese AFB. Lubbock's citizens support the city's live music, ballet, and community theater productions, as well as the activities of its colleges and universities.■ Major annual event is Panhandle-South Plains Fair, last week in Sept., one of largest regional fairs in state. Draws quarter-million visitors to pageants, contests, and entertainment as well as traditional fair exhibits.■ Lubbock lies on I-27/U.S. 84, a segment of the Ports to Plains Highway connecting the state's heartland to coastal ports.■ Cities within approximately 40 miles of Lubbock: Brownfield * Crosbyton * Hale Center * Levelland * Littlefield * Post * Ralls * Slaton * Tahoka
Levelland Appropriately named for the surrounding terrain; surveyed and plotted by cereal king C.W. Post in 1912 on the Oxsheer Ranch that he had purchased in 1906. Suggested name of Hockley City denied by Post Office because of Harris County town of same name.■ City has recently become known as "City of Mosaics" with acquisition of several large outdoor, colorful mosaics. These may be found on chamber of commerce building, college buildings, hospital, clinic, and a freestanding mosaic in Carver Park. Free overnight RV park south on U.S. 385; 3-day maximum stay.■ Cities within approximately 50 miles of Levelland: Brownfield * Hale Center * Littlefield * Lubbock * Morton * Muleshoe * Seagraves * Slaton * Tahoka
Matador Matador was designated county seat when Motley County was organized in 1891, and was named for Dr. J.W. Mottley (named was misspelled in the law), signer of Texas Declaration of Independence who was killed at San Jacinto. The city was named for the Matador Land and Cattle Co., originally organized in 1882 by a Scottish syndicate. The area was founded and settled by cowboys of the Matador Ranch. The historic ranch house with 26 rooms was built in 1918 using native rock at a cost of $26,000. (Not open to the public.) Today, the local economy is still based on ranching (livestock) operations along with crop farming with cotton, wheat, and grain sorghums.■ Cities within approximately 40 miles of Matador: Crosbyton * Dickens * Floydada * Paducah * Quitaque * Ralls * Turkey
McLean Established 1901, grew from water well and switch on Choctaw, Oklahoma, and Texas Railroad. Once known as the "uplift city" because of a ladies undergarment factory; former site of World War II German prisoner of war camp. Now trade center for surrounding farms and ranches. Murals along Main St. (old U.S. 66) depict history of city and area.■ A restored 1930s Phillips 66 station lies on old westbound U.S. 66 road and is considered one of best re-created sites by Old Route 66 Association.■ Cities within approximately 40 miles of McLean: Clarendon * Groom * Memphis * Miami * Pampa * Shamrock * Wellington * Wheeler
Miami Seat of Roberts County, name is an Indian word for sweetheart. Originated as construction camp on Santa Fe Railroad in 1887. Now commercial, shipping and banking center for county. Hunting and fishing available in surrounding areas.■ Cities within approximately 50 miles of Miami: Borger * Canadian * Groom * McLean * Pampa * Panhandle * Perryton * Shamrock * Spearman * Stinnett * Wheeler
Miles City named in 1890 when established as extension of the Ballinger-San Angelo railroad line. Named for Jonathan Miles, pioneer cattleman and railroad contractor.■ Cities within approximately 30 miles of Miles: Ballinger * Bronte * Eola * Paint Rock * Robert Lee * San Angelo * Winters
Memphis Seat of Hall County, one of major cotton-producing counties in Texas Panhandle and banking and marketing center for surrounding area. Industries include agribusiness firms, cotton storage, processing and shipping, grain and livestock.■ Cities within approximately 40 miles of Memphis: Childress * Clarendon * McLean * Quitaque * Shamrock * Turkey * Wellington
Mineral Wells Discovery of medicinal qualities in waters made city nationally famous in late 19th-early 20th Centuries. Was said that waters of the Crazy Well (discovered in 1885) could cure mental illness and a long list of other maladies. Today modern health seekers, conventioneers, retired persons, hunters and fishermen enjoy mild climate and surrounding Palo Pinto Mountains. Several outfitters provide canoe rentals and trips on nearby Brazos River. A walking tour encompasses historic downtown area.■ Cities within approximately 40 miles of Mineral Wells: Boyd * Caddo * Cresson * Graham * Granbury * Jacksboro * Thurber * Weatherford
Moran As with most towns on the prairies, it was founded as a station when the Missouri, Kansas, and Texas Railroad built through Shackelford County in 1882. First named Hulltown after Swope Hull, its first merchant; renamed to Hicks in 1891, and to Moran, for John J. Moran, president of the railroad in 1892. Town is a trade center for farmers and ranchers.■ Cities within approximately 30 miles of Moran: Albany * Baird * Breckenridge * Caddo * Cisco * Eastland * Fort Griffin * Ranger
Morton Founded 1923; post office established 1924. Became seat of Cochran County when county organized in 1924. Today banking, market and shipping center for county. Products include petroleum, cotton, cattle and feed.■ Cities within approximately 50 miles of Morton: Brownfield * Levelland * Littlefield * Muleshoe
Muleshoe Seat of Bailey County, long a sparsely settled area of huge cattle ranches. Early in 20th Century the immense ranches began to break up, and farming was introduced to this area of the High Plains. Town organized in 1926, named for muleshoe brand of famous early ranch. Today a center for marketing and shipping of High Plains agricultural products.■ Muleshoe Heritage Center, off U.S. 84, is in restored Santa Fe depot; offers museum and meeting place. At the center is the "World's Largest Muleshoe" at 22 feet high, and 17 feet wide at widest point. Good photo opportunity.■ For information on events, accommodations, and area attractions, call the chamber of commerce office at 806/272-4248.■ Cities within approximately 50 miles of Muleshoe: Dimmitt * Hereford * Levelland * Littlefield * Morton
Newcastle Founded 1908; because of early coal-mining interest, named after famous English coal-mining city. Agricultural today, area also produces significant quantities of petroleum.■ Cities within approximately 40 miles of Newcastle: Archer City * Breckenridge * Caddo * Fort Griffin * Graham * Jacksboro * Olney
O'Donnell The typical agricultural community on the table-flat South Plains of the Texas Panhandle (U.S. 87 south of Lubbock) was established in 1908 as a stop on the Panhandle & Santa Fe Railroad; named for a railroad official. Hometown of Dan Blocker, "Hoss Cartwright" of TV fame. Star is remembered with a statue in downtown park across from museum (see below).■ Cities within approximately 40 miles of O'Donnell: Brownfield * Gail * Lamesa * Post * Slaton * Tahoka
Olney Grew from 1880s site where early cattlemen gathered herds for branding and forming trail outfits. Name honors Richard Olney, Secretary of State in Grover Cleveland's cabinet. Today commercial center for agricultural, ranching and petroleum activity. Excellent hunting during seasons for dove, quail, migratory waterfowl, wild turkey and white-tailed deer; day and seasonal leases available. Water sports include swimming, boating and fishing on small Lakes Cooper and Olney a few miles northwest.■ An unusual park that appeals to adults features artistic groupings of pole structures on Ave. C just east of Main St.■ Cities within approximately 50 miles of Olney: Archer City * Breckenridge * Caddo * Fort Griffin * Graham * Jacksboro * Newcastle * Wichita Falls■
Paducah Established 1892 as county seat of newly created Cottle County; named for Paducah, KY, home town of county surveyor and county attorney. In 1893 town consisted of two stores, schoolhouse, and saloon that doubled as a church on Sunday. On Christmas Day, 1909, Quanah, Acme and Pacific RR reached the site and town was incorporated the next year. Today serves as supply and distribution point for region's petroleum and agribusiness interests.■ Cities within approximately 50 miles of Paducah: Benjamin * Childress * Crowell * Dickens * Matador * Quanah * Quitaque * Turkey
Pampa Seat of Gray County, founded 1888 on the Santa Fe Railroad, named from Spanish word pampas meaning plains. Today a city of beautiful churches, large parks and fine homes. Fourteen municipal parks on tree-shaded draws give a spacious air to the plains city. An oil field supply point with allied industries, a marketing center for agricultural and livestock-raising area, and an industrial center provide a diversified economy.■ Cities within approximately 40 miles of Pampa: Borger * Claude * Fritch * Groom * McLean * Miami * Panhandle * Stinnett * Wheeler
Panhandle Watering the cattle just outside Amarillo Named for its location in Texas Panhandle, became county seat upon organization of Carson County in 1888. Wheat, cattle and petroleum products are among commodities from this marketing and shipping center. Restored Santa Fe depot serves as city hall.■ Cities within approximately 30 miles of Panhandle: Amarillo * Borger * Claude * Fritch * Groom * Pampa
Perryton Founded 1919, seat of Ochiltree County, northernmost county seat in Texas (545 miles from State Capital, Austin). Locally known as "Wheatheart of the Nation," city is shipping point for one of nation's top wheat-producing areas.■ Cities within approximately 50 miles of Perryton: Canadian * Miami * Spearman
Plainview Seat of Hale County, founded 1887 and named for magnificent view of plains. Center of huge, shallow underground water belt, city and county have abundant water supply. County is a leader in grain and cotton production. Oil and gas also contribute to area economy. Recreational facilities include 18-hole golf course, tennis courts, swimming pools and city parks. Hunters find abundant pheasant during season. Excellent antique shopping with 12 locations in the historic downtown area. Home of Wayland Baptist Univ.■ Running Water Regional Park at Fourth and Ennis Sts. features a wonderful area for kids called Kidsville featuring state-of-the-art playground equipment.■ Cities within approximately 50 miles of Plainview: Crosbyton * Dimmitt * Floydada * Hale Center * Littlefield * Lubbock * Quitaque * Ralls * Silverton * Tulia * Turkey
Paint Rock Founded in 1879, present seat of Concho County. Named for extensive group of Indian pictographs painted on limestone cliffs bordering Concho River. Center for ranching and agriculture.■ Cities within approximately 40 miles of Paint Rock: Ballinger * Bronte * Coleman * Eola * Miles * San Angelo * Winters
Post Seat of Garza County, named for C.W. Post, cereal manufacturer who founded town in 1907 to demonstrate his economic ideas. Town designed to be center of a community of farmers who owned their own land and homes in region of giant ranches. All supplies were first brought in by mule train from nearest railhead, Big Spring, some 70 miles away. Between 1910-1913, city was scene of perhaps most elaborate series of experiments in rainmaking ever undertaken in U.S. Explosives were detonated in the atmosphere at timed intervals. Unfortunately, rainfall records do not indicate success. Post is at foot of majestic Cap Rock, southeastern edge of the Great Plains of the U.S.■ Historic Main Street lined with unique gift and clothing stores, restored historic buildings. Details about city attractions at local chamber of commerce, 106 S. Broadway St.■ Post lies on U.S. 84, a segment of the Ports to Plains Highway connecting the state's heartland to coastal ports.■ Cities within approximately 40 miles of Post: Crosbyton * Gail * Lubbock * O'Donnell * Ralls * Slaton * Tahoka
Quanah Named for Quanah Parker, last great war chief of the Comanche Indians, son of a Comanche chief and captive white girl, Cynthia Ann Parker. Today seat of Hardeman County, agricultural marketing and shipping point with cottonseed oil mill, cotton compress, dairy and meat packing plants; large gypsum plant nearby.■ Be sure to visit Medicine Mound Depot Restaurant in historic building built in 1910 along the Kansas City, Mexico, and Orient Railroad in Medicine Mound townsite; building moved to site on U.S. 287. Don't spoil your appetite with all the parched peanuts you can eat!■ Take time to visit the historic sites around the city--Trinity Episcopal Church, First Presbyterian Church, and the Quanah Parker Monument and Memorial Walkway. For additional information, contact the Quanah Chamber of Commerce at 106 West Third, or call 817/663-2222.■ Cities within approximately 50 miles of Quanah: Benjamin * Childress * Crowell * Paducah * Vernon * Wellington
Quitaque (KIT-a-KWAY) Originally was site of trading post dealing with Plains Indians; became a stagecoach stop in 1890 and grew to village serving surrounding ranches and farms. Named for nearby Quitaque Creek and Ranch.■ Cities within approximately 50 miles of Quitaque: Childress * Clarendon * Floydada * Hale Center * Matador * Memphis * Paducah * Plainview * Silverton * Tulia * Turkey
Ralls Established 1911 by rancher John Robinson Ralls who laid out the town on his 10,000-acre ranch, built homes, business houses and donated land for churches and schools. Today serves area producing cotton, wheat, grain sorghum and vegetables.■ Cities within approximately 40 miles of Ralls: Crosbyton * Dickens * Floydada * Hale Center * Lubbock * Matador * Post * Slaton
Ranger When oil boom towns are recalled, Ranger often leads the list. It was a quiet rural community established near a Texas Ranger camp in the 1870s. In October 1917 a gusher (see McClesky Number 1 below) blew in and touched off one of the greatest booms in petroleum history. World War I demand for oil was at an all-time high. The lure of instant riches was irresistible; the town erupted with every kind of frenzied activity. In one year population exploded from 1,000 to 30,000. Small farmers became millionaires. Four railroads raced to complete lines and one railroad's receipts jumped from $94,000 to $8,000,000 in two years. As in most instances, the boom was short-lived and today there is no evidence of that bigger-than-life era. Oil activity is evident in orderly fields, while farming and ranching is major interest of area citizens. Ranger Junior College is here.■ Cities within approximately 30 miles of Ranger: Breckenridge * Caddo * Cisco * Eastland * Moran * Thurber
Robert Lee In Central Coke County, the town was promoted as a townsite in 1889 by L.S. Harris and R.E. Cartlege, Confederate veterans who named the site for Robert E. Lee. In 1891, county seat moved from Haywick to Robert Lee, and most of the settlers from the former seat of government moved to the new community. Today, city is trade center for area. Economy is based on farm and ranching, oil, gas, and various light industries.■ Recreational activities include facilities at E.V. Spence Reservoir a mile outside the city. Other activities include a 9-hole Mountain Creek Golf Course, county parks, and seasonal hunting.■ Cities within approximately 40 miles of Robert Lee: Ballinger * Bronte * Miles * San Angelo * Sweetwater * Winters
Seagraves Founded 1917 as terminus of Santa Fe RR spur from Lubbock; named for railroad executive. Soon became major cattle shipping point. Today is center for area ranches.■ Attractive Gaines County Park with picnicking, playground, golf, is 7 mi. south on U.S. 62/385. Quanah Parker birthplace 20 mi. east at Cedar Lake; marker at site.■ Cities within approximately 50 miles of Seagraves: Brownfield * Denver City * Lamesa * Levelland * O'Donnell * Seminole * Tahoka
Seminole City was established and named county seat shortly after Gaines County organized in 1905, and was named for nearby Indian watering places. County is among state's leaders in petroleum production, cotton, and peanuts. City's school district covers some 1,149 square miles.■ Cities within approximately 50 miles of Seminole: Brownfield * Denver City * Lamesa * Seagraves
Slaton Established 1910 as suitable place for a division terminal for Santa Fe RR; named for O.L. Slaton, said to have been instrumental in completion of railroad project. Today town serves as rail center, plus regional agricultural and trade center.■ Slaton lies on U.S. 84, a segment of the Ports to Plains Highway connecting the state's heartland to coastal ports.■ Cities within approximately 40 miles of Slaton: Crosbyton * Lubbock * O'Donnell * Post * Ralls * Tahoka
Silverton Established as county seat when Briscoe County organized in 1892. One of only two towns in county, a commercial center for immense farming-ranching area that includes some spectacular scenery in Palo Duro Canyon, Tule Canyon and at edge of Cap Rock.■ Cities within approximately 40 miles of Silverton: Clarendon * Floydada * Plainview * Quitaque * Tulia * Turkey
San Angelo Community grew around frontier site of Fort Concho, established 1867 at junction of north and middle branches of Concho River. Became early ranching center for cattle and sheep; today nation's largest primary wool and mohair market and major livestock auction center. Regional hub of cotton, grain and pecan production. A variety of industries, medical and retirement facilities and Goodfellow Air Force Base lend diversity. Symphony orchestra, ballet, Cactus Jazz Series and Festival (all in the Cactus Hotel), and state's oldest civic theater. Home of Angelo State Univ.■ Be sure to ask or call the city's visitor center about the International Water Lily Collection at the Civic League Park. Collection includes water lilies from around the world, including the "Victoria", the largest which can span to eight feet in diameter. Day and night blooming varieties. Group tours available with two-week notice.■ Also, check out the old Cactus Hotel which was built in 1929, among the first Hilton Hotels. It houses a children's museum (see below), as well as restaurant and coffee shop. The Crystal Ballroom is worth a peek!■ Cities within approximately 40 miles of San Angelo: Ballinger * Bronte * Eola * Mertzon * Miles * Paint Rock * Robert Lee
Snyder Settled 1878 by W.H. (Pete) Snyder, who opened trading post. Townsite laid out 1882, county organized two years later. Present seat of Scurry County. In 1950 city grew from 4,000 population to more than 12,000 after discovery of Canyon Reef Oil Field. Now center of largest unitized (operated by a single operator) oil field in the world. Industries include petroleum processing, cottonseed breeding, farming and ranching, and other diversified industries. Home of Western Texas College. For more information contact chamber of commerce office at 2302 Avenue R or 915/573-3558.■ Snyder lies on U.S. 84, a segment of the Ports to Plains Highway connecting the state's heartland to coastal ports.■ Cities within approximately 50 miles of Snyder: Big Spring * Colorado City * Gail * Post * Sweetwater
Spearman Established in the 1920s when North Texas and Santa Fe Railroad built across Hansford County; named for railroad executive. Today the county seat; industries include grain storage, shipping, gas, oil, refineries, irrigated farming and cattle.■ Cities within approximately 50 miles of Spearman: Borger * Canadian * Dumas * Fritch * Miami * Pampa * Perryton * Stinnett
Stanton Settled 1881 by German Catholics, originally named Marienfeld (field of Mary). Seat of Martin County, organized 1884. Town's name changed in 1890 to honor Abraham Lincoln's Secretary of War, Edwin M. Stanton. Carmelites opened monastery 1882; monks left in 1894 and Sisters of Mercy established convent-boarding school that educated 2,000 students until most of the school was destroyed by a tornado in 1938. Abandoned structures remain on N. Convent St. City is cotton, agribusiness and oil center.■ Cities within approximately 50 miles of Stanton: Big Spring * Lamesa * Midland * Odessa
Stinnett Established 1901, a trade center and livestock shipping point at north edge of Canadian River Valley that cuts broad swath through High Plains of the Texas Panhandle.■ Cities within approximately 40 miles of Stinnett: Borger * Dumas * Fritch * Pampa * Panhandle * Spearman
Stamford Retail, banking and commercial center for three-county area. Business facilities include grain elevators, cotton gins, delinting plant, cotton compress, clothing factory, cottonseed oil mill, feed mill, oil well machinery, and wholesale outlets. Developed in 1899 as project of Texas Central Railroad, named after Connecticut hometown of the railroad president.■ City is known for its Texas Cowboy Reunion, three days around July 4, dedicated to the Old West. The Reunion was started in 1930 as nonprofit community enterprise, and is unchallenged as greatest amateur rodeo in the world. Population of city more than triples when 500-plus rodeo contestants and thousands of spectators converge. Rodeo prizes include cash, trophies and handmade saddles. Food served from chuck wagons. Includes major Western art show, rodeo ground pavilion.■ Cities within approximately 50 miles of Stamford: Abilene * Albany * Anson * Baird * Benjamin * Breckenridge * Fort Griffin * Moran
Stratford City established in the middle of a night in May, 1901, when Sherman County records were moved from former county seat at Coldwater to land owned by Walter Colton along the new Rock Island Railroad route. Texas Rangers were called to settle the dispute over location of the county seat. Coldwater has disappeared. There is dispute, too, over origin of city name; Colton, an Englishman, named it for Stratford-on-Avon, or for Virginia plantation, birthplace of Robert E. Lee, whom he admired. Local economy based on wheat and corn, and feed grains that are used in large feedlot operations.■ Cities within approximately 50 miles of Stratford: Dalhart * Dumas
Sweetwater A store established in a dugout to accommodate buffalo hunters was the beginning of the city in 1877. Today seat of Nolan County is banking and commercial center. Industrial firms include gypsum plants, cement plants, cottonseed oil mill, and garment manufacturer. The Sweetwater Commercial Historic District, listed on the National Register of Historic Places, includes more than 90 sites representing architectural styles from the 1900s - 1930s. Home of Texas State Technical College.■ A memorial marker honors the women who trained at Avenger Field here during World War II in the Women's Airforce Service Pilots program. The training site is now Texas State Technical College.■ The Nolan County Coliseum Complex is site of many activities, including team ropings, livestock shows, rodeos, and the world's largest rattlesnake round-up each year in March.■ For information on events, accommodations, and area attractions, stop by the chamber of commerce office at 810 E. Broadway, or call 915/235-5488, or 1-800-658-6757.■ Sweetwater lies on U.S. 84, a segment of the Ports to Plains Highway connecting the state's heartland to coastal ports.■ Cities within approximately 40 miles of Sweetwater: Abilene * Anson * Buffalo Gap * Colorado City * Robert Lee * Snyder
Tahoka Named for nearby Tahoka Lake, a natural spring-fed lake whose Indian name meant fresh or clear water. Seat of Lynn County since 1903, today a cotton marketing and shipping point with gins and compress.■ Cities within approximately 40 miles of Tahoka: Brownfield * Gail * Lamesa * Lubbock * O'Donnell * Post * Slaton
Turkey Wild turkeys discovered along a small creek gave it the name of Turkey Creek, and the settlement that grew up there was known as Turkey Roost. But the Post Office shortened it to Turkey. Several businesses and a $50,000 hotel were built with the coming of the railroad. Town was a shipping point for cattle, grain, and cotton.■ An annual event, on the last Saturday in April, is the Bob Wills Reunion. The musician is recognized with a monument at the west end of Main St. Although city's population is small, crowds range 10-15,000 during festival.■ Cities within approximately 40 miles of Turkey: Childress * Clarendon * Floydada * Matador * Memphis * Quitaque * Silverton
Tulia Designated county seat when Swisher County was organized in 1890. Today a commercial center for abundant agricultural production of the plains featuring milo, wheat, cotton, and several large livestock feedlot operations.■ Cities within approximately 50 miles of Tulia: Amarillo * Canyon * Claude * Dimmitt * Floydada * Hale Center * Hereford * Plainview * Quitaque * Silverton
Vernon First called Eagle Flats because of eagles nesting nearby. Post Office changed name to Vernon for Washington's home, Mount Vernon. Seat of Wilbarger County, headquarters of huge W. T. Waggoner Ranch, and commercial center for rich farming, ranching, and oil area. About 15 miles north is Doan's Crossing, one of the most famous of historic cattle crossings on Red River. Industries include agricultural supplies and processing, seed breeding, textiles, meat packing, cottonseed, and alfalfa milling. Home of Vernon Regional Junior College.■ Cities within approximately 50 miles of Vernon: Benjamin * Burkburnett * Crowell * Quanah * Wichita Falls
Wellington Seat of Collingsworth County, named for the Duke of Wellington. Before 1890 it was one of the estates on Rocking Chair Ranch that was known to Texas cowboys as "Nobility Ranch" because of ownership by British noblemen, the Baron of Tweedmouth (Sir Dudley Coutts Majoribanks) and the Earl of Aberdeen (John Campbell Hamilton Golden). Today's economy based on grain elevators, gins, cotton compress, and small manufacturing plants.■ Cities within approximately 50 miles of Wellington: Childress * Clarendon * McLean * Memphis * Quanah * Shamrock * Wheeler
Wheeler Post office established when area became "thickly settled" by five families living in dugouts within two-mile radius. Town became seat of Wheeler County 1906. Today serves as regional, educational, medical, commercial, and agricultural center for county. Extensive cattle feedlot operations.■ Cities within approximately 50 miles of Wheeler: Canadian * Clarendon * Groom * McLean * Miami * Pampa * Shamrock * Wellington
Whitney Established 1879 when the Texas Central Railroad crossed Hill County; named for Charles Whitney of New York, a major railroad stockholder. Now an agricultural/recreational center, gateway to immensely popular Lakes Aquilla and Whitney, one of the leading water sport and lake resort areas of Texas; 18-hole golf course three miles northwest on F.M. 933.■ Rodeo on the Brazos features monthly rodeos from Apr. - Sept. Local RV park highlights bluegrass music on weekends.■ Cities within approximately 40 miles of Whitney: Cleburne * Clifton * Glen Rose * Hillsboro * Hubbard * McGregor * Meridian * Waco
Wichita Falls Named for Wichita Indians who lived near waterfalls on what is now the Wichita River. In 1882, Fort Worth and Denver Railroad brought first train to area, establishing town as an agricultural and trade center. Oil boom in early 1900s made city headquarters for north Texas petroleum production, service and manufacturing. City is seat for Wichita County and leading gateway to Texas on I-44. Major trade and industrial center with economy based on Sheppard Air Force Base, oil processing and other varied manufacturing. Cultural aspects include symphony orchestra, ballet, community theater, museum and art center, and activities at Midwestern State Univ.■ Sheppard Air Force Base is a technical training center, one of the largest of five in the U.S., and hosts the only NATO pilot training program in the world.■ MSU-Burns Fantasy of Lights features thousands of lights during holidays. Animated displays fill lawn of Midwestern State Univ. throughout December. Displays once belonged to L.T. Burns and date from the 1920s. For additional information, 817/689-4000.■ Cities within approximately 50 miles of Wichita Falls: Archer City * Burkburnett * Nocona * Olney * Vernon
Winters First settled about 1880, post office was established in 1886 before townsite was designated. City incorporated in 1909 when railroad built through and land value jumped to $7 per acre. Now commercial and distribution center for large agricultural and ranching area.■ Cities within approximately 40 miles of Winters: Abilene * Ballinger * Bronte * Buffalo Gap * Coleman * Miles * Paint Rock * Robert Lee
