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intro 001815 multiwindow 003084 promptsmenus 003454 usinghelp 003981 menu 004317 editor 005200 cursorcommands 005749 enter 006598 textmanip 007335 insbracepair 008432 insclosingbrace 009036 filemenu 009616 filecommands 009921 fileclsall 010817 fileopntxt 011494 openspec 011957 edtdirwin 012533 opnfilnam 013044 fileread 013474 xio_nmipmt 013747 filewrite 014094 xio_nmopmt 014541 pickfile 015145 fileprint 015611 fileprintpg 015834 windowmenu 016399 windowcommands 016690 zoommode 017556 hiddenwindows 018083 lockedwindows 018686 nextunlocked 019674 status 020019 statusflags 020690 insmode 021513 paraformat 022190 autoblankline 023061 autoindent 023818 autoindentsafe 024550 smartindent 025159 smartindentlogic 026042 toggleoptions 027254 ctrl_x 027866 searchmenu 028551 searchcommands 028855 searchwordstring 029680 cutpastemenu 030103 cutpastecommands 030481 cutpasteall 031039 cutpaste_del 031729 cutpaste_mov 031962 cutpaste_cpy 032252 cutpaste_eol 032552 markcommands 033574 markdisplay 034620 markunique 034986 markline 035599 markchar 036518 markcursormove 036965 markclearall 037711 miscmenu 038043 paramargins 038536 configfiles 038804 configop_path 039624 configop_pagelength 040006 configop_controlindent 040443 configop_braceindent 040794 kcdfile 041109 kcdline 041969 kcdkeyname 043007 kcdenter 043808 cmdlinopts 044506 filepath 045565 sessionfiles 046672 searchfiles 047693 configoptions 048698 setcnfpthg 049224 setcnfpthl 049455 dosshell 049722 settingmenu 050362 editsettings 050594 editset_autopfmt 051322 blockmenu 051711 blockedit 051933 block_adjlines 053088 block_inscol 053610 block_delcol 053894 block_write 054166 block_append 054868 block_white 055076 block_last 055299 autoindentmenu 055510 $ $intro 01 19 18 62 Introduction 002378 18 01 19 02 10 15 01 we multiwindow 02 26 19 01 we editor 06 27 13 01 we menu 07 19 20 01 we ctrl_x 09 05 24 01 we cursorcommands 09 37 18 01 we status 10 05 26 01 we textmanip 10 37 19 01 we configfiles 11 05 27 01 we searchcommands 11 37 20 01 we cmdlinopts 12 05 24 01 we filecommands 12 37 19 01 we kcdfile 13 05 26 01 we windowcommands 13 37 17 01 we promptsmenus 14 05 22 01 we cutpastecommands 14 37 10 01 we usinghelp 15 05 22 01 we blockedit 16 05 22 01 we editsettings 17 05 22 01 we miscmenu The Willow Creek Programmer's Editor (WE) is a powerful and flexible multiple window programmer's editor. It can also be used as a simple word processor. Further help is available on the following: ESC key: The Main menu Special key commands Cursor movement commands Window status line Text manipulation commands Configuration files Search and replace commands Command line options File management commands Key definition file Window management commands Prompts and menus Cut and paste commands Using help Block editing commands Edit settings commands Miscellaneous commands $multiwindow 01 03 04 65 Multiple Windows 003217 04 01 03 02 36 15 01 we filecommands 03 01 09 01 we menu 04 24 20 01 we ctrl_x WE can open several editing windows at once, each with a different file loaded in it. The "File management" option on the Main menu lists commands to do this. Many of these commands are also available through special key commands. $promptsmenus 01 00 12 64 Using Prompts and Menus 003522 12 00 00 Prompts and menus are pretty self explanatory to use. On prompts just type in what it asks for, and press ENTER. The same editing keys work as when entering text in a window, with one exception: To delete from the cursor to the end in a prompt use ^Y instead of ^E. On menus use the arrow keys and ENTER, or push the highlighted hot key for the option you want. On both use the ESC key to quit from that prompt or menu without doing anything. $usinghelp 01 00 08 63 Using Help 004033 08 00 00 Using help is very simple, and intuitively obvious. A few comments, however. Use the up and down arrow keys to move between highlighted "footnotes" - hypertext links. The left and right arrows don't do anything in help. The F1-F4 keys always display WE introductory help. $menu 01 08 16 64 Main Menu 004573 16 01 08 04 18 18 01 we searchmenu 05 18 15 01 we filemenu 06 18 17 01 we windowmenu 07 18 13 01 we cutpastemenu 08 18 18 01 we blockmenu 09 18 18 01 we settingmenu 10 18 13 01 we miscmenu 16 26 10 01 we ctrl_x The Main menu contains the following options. Each option will display a sub-menu of options related to the named topic. Search and replace File management Window management Cut and paste Block manipulation Edit mode settings Miscellaneous To display the Main menu push the ESC key while editing. When an option on a sub-menu includes a notation like (^Q) or (^X+^O) at the end of the line that means that the option may be also selected by pushing those keys without accessing the menu. $editor 01 00 09 65 Programmer's Editor 005258 09 00 00 WE is an editor for ASCII text files. It is designed to be most useful for writing and modifying programs. It does not have a special "internal" format for its files like a word processor, it works directly on "raw" ASCII text files like DOS batch files and program source code files. While WE does not have all the features of a real word processor, it has enough features for writing simple notes and things. For instance, it will format paragraphs using margins you specify. $cursorcommands 01 02 18 65 Cursor Movement Commands 005873 18 01 02 05 14 43 01 we enter 17 29 32 01 we searchcommands The following commands will move the cursor inside a window, or scroll the window while keeping the cursor in the same place: Arrows: Move cursor left, right, up, and down Enter: Move cursor to next line or create new line Home: Move to beginning of line End: Move to end of line PgUp: Previous page PgDn: Next page Ctrl/Home: Beginning of file Ctrl/End: End of file Ctrl/Left: 8 columns to left Ctrl/Right: 8 columns to right ^Z: Scroll text up (cursor doesn't move) ^W: Scroll text down (cursor doesn't move) There is also a full set of text search and replace commands that will move the cursor to the location of text they search for. $enter 01 04 13 65 The Enter Key 006759 13 01 04 05 05 18 01 we settingmenu 06 01 41 01 we autoblankline 08 04 14 01 we autoindent 11 05 19 01 we kcdenter The ENTER key can be configured to act in different ways. The normal action is to move the cursor to the beginning of the next line, and to add a new line when used at the last line of a file. The Edit Settings menu has an option to force the ENTER key to add a blank line below the cursor instead. If auto indenting is turned on then the cursor will automatically indent the line where it ends up. The key definition file can also be used to reconfigure the ENTER key to act in slightly different ways when not overridden by the "add blank line below" mode. $textmanip 01 07 20 63 Text Manipulation Commands 007585 20 01 07 02 36 19 01 we blockedit 03 05 18 01 we miscmenu 12 15 18 01 we paraformat 13 30 30 01 we insmode 14 08 05 01 we enter 18 36 14 01 we autoindent 20 29 32 01 we searchcommands The following commands are used to manipulate text. There are also some commands that work on an entire marked block of text. The Miscellaneous menu also has some options for manipulating text. DEL: Delete character at cursor Backspace: Delete previous character ^R: Delete (remove) entire line ^E: Delete from cursor to end of line ^B: Break line into two lines at cursor ^A: Append line below onto current line ^P: Reformat paragraph INS: Switch between text insert and typeover modes Enter: Go to next line (maybe adding new line) Ctrl/Enter: Insert blank line above the cursor Shift/Enter: Insert blank line below the cursor All the ENTER key commands can use auto indenting. There is also a full set of text search and replace commands. $insbracepair 01 03 09 65 Insert Brace Pair 008586 09 01 03 02 17 11 01 we configop_braceindent 02 45 18 01 we configfiles 08 18 14 01 we autoindent This command (^X+^P) will indent the current line by the amount defined by the "braceindent" command in the configuration file, and then insert a pair of lines above and below it with opening and closing braces at the original indent of the line. The cursor is left at the new indent in the original line. This command will work equally well on a blank line with an indent set up by auto indenting and on an existing line with text on it. $insclosingbrace 01 03 09 65 Insert Closing Brace 009196 09 01 03 02 17 11 01 we configop_braceindent 02 45 18 01 we configfiles 08 18 14 01 we autoindent This command (^X+^C) will indent the current line by the amount defined by the "braceindent" command in the configuration file, and then insert a line below it with a closing brace at the original indent of the line. The cursor is left at the new indent in the original line. This command will work equally well on a blank line with an indent set up by auto indenting and on an existing line with text on it. $filemenu 01 02 03 64 File Management Menu 009727 03 01 02 01 35 08 01 we filecommands 03 55 09 01 we menu The File Management menu contains commands to open and close windows, read and write disk files, print, and change the MS-DOS directory. The File Management menu is listed on the Main menu. $filecommands 01 09 16 64 File Management Commands 010222 16 01 09 02 28 20 01 we filemenu 03 06 20 01 we ctrl_x 05 08 11 01 we openspec 06 30 15 01 we fileopntxt 10 08 26 01 we fileclsall 11 08 38 01 we filewrite 12 08 31 01 we fileread 13 08 10 01 we fileprint 14 08 26 01 we fileprintpg The following file management commands are available. All these commands are listed on the File Management menu, and some are also special key commands. Open window and load file (^X+^O) Open window with file named at cursor (^X+^N) Close window and save file Save file and continue editing (^X+^S) Quit window without saving file (^X+^Q) Close all windows and exit Write marked lines out to another file Read lines in from another file Print file Print file with pagination Change MS-DOS directory $fileclsall 01 03 12 64 Close All Windows and Exit 010967 12 01 03 01 19 20 01 we filemenu 09 23 12 01 we sessionfiles 12 27 12 01 we cmdlinopts The option on the File Management menu to "Close all windows and exit" will do exactly that - close all editing windows and leave WE. If the file in a window has been modified but not saved, WE will display a message saying so and asking if you want to save the file. WE will also create a session file called "WE.SES" which lists all the files that were open when the "Close all..." command was selected. This session file is used by WE if a "@" with no file name after is used on the command line invoking WE. $fileopntxt 01 02 06 65 Open File Name Imbedded in Text 011618 06 01 02 02 05 20 01 we filemenu 03 42 12 01 we openspec The option to "Open window with file named in text", (^X+^N), on the File Management menu, will try to use the text at the cursor in the current window as the name of the file to open. This lets you "point and shoot" to look at files in directory listings, output files from file search utilities, compiler error message logs, etc. $openspec 01 03 09 65 File Specs and Directory Windows 012108 09 01 03 03 09 16 01 we pickfile 07 14 33 01 we fileopntxt 09 21 14 01 we edtdirwin Whenever WE uses a file spec to open a window it checks to see if the name contains a wildcard or is a directory. If so, then WE opens a directory window containing all files matching the wildcard, and lets you select the file you want. This feature operates both when WE prompts for a file name, and when using a file name imbedded in window text. WE can also open an editing window with a directory list in it. $edtdirwin 01 01 07 62 Directory in Editing Window 012629 07 01 01 06 33 13 01 we fileopntxt If WE attempts to open a window using a wildcard prefixed by a "#" character, it will open an editing window containing a directory listing of all files matching the wildcard after the "#". By "editing window" we mean a normal window you can move around in, search, change, etc. It is very handy to browse through this window and use the ^X+^N command to point to file names and open windows to edit them. $opnfilnam 01 03 05 65 Enter File Name 013177 05 01 03 02 08 19 01 we filepath 03 16 14 01 we pickfile 04 09 24 01 we edtdirwin Enter the name of a file to load into the new window. WE will search several directories to find the file. If a wildcard is entered then a directory list is displayed for you to pick from. Enter a wildcard prefixed by "#" to open an editing window with a directory listing in it to browse. $fileread 01 02 03 65 Read Lines in From Another File 013598 03 01 02 01 21 20 01 we filemenu 01 47 19 01 we xio_nmipmt This command on the File Management menu will prompt for the name of an ASCII text file to insert into the current window at the cursor position. $xio_nmipmt 01 03 04 65 Enter File Name 013880 04 01 03 01 29 21 01 we fileread 02 25 19 01 we filepath 03 30 14 01 we pickfile Enter the name of a file to read in at the cursor in the current window. WE will search several directories to find the file. If a wildcard is entered then a directory list is displayed for you to pick from. $filewrite 01 02 07 65 Write Marked Lines Out To Another File 014226 07 01 02 01 21 20 01 we filemenu 01 47 19 01 we xio_nmopmt This command on the File Management menu will prompt for the name of an ASCII text file to write out all marked lines from the current window to. This command will write out the entire line if any part of it is marked. It is not like cut and paste commands that work with only the letters that are marked. $xio_nmopmt 01 03 09 65 Enter File Name 014675 09 01 03 01 21 34 01 we filewrite 03 28 19 01 we filepath 07 39 14 01 we pickfile Enter the name of a file to write out all marked lines from the current window to. Unlike file name prompts for files to read, the name entered here will NOT be searched for in other directories. If no directory is included in the name then it will be written in the current MS-DOS directory. You may enter a wildcard to display a directory list matching that wildcard. You can either select one of those files to write to, or enter the name of a new file. $pickfile 01 00 10 64 Directory List Window 015207 10 00 00 Use the arrow keys and "Enter" to select a file. You can also use "PgUp" and "PgDn" to move a page at a time through the list. If you pick a directory name from the list WE will pop up a new window with that directory in it. The following function keys are available: F2 - Enter a new wildcard. F3 - Enter a new directory name. F4 - Enter the name of a file to create. $fileprint 01 01 03 62 Print File 015688 03 01 01 01 21 20 01 we filemenu This command on the File Management menu will print the entire contents of the current window to printer LPT1:. The file is printed verbatim. $fileprintpg 01 03 08 65 Print File with Pagination 015993 08 01 03 01 21 20 01 we filemenu 05 05 10 01 we configop_pagelength 05 30 18 01 we configfiles This command on the File Management menu will print the entire contents of the current window to printer LPT1: and insert a page number at the bottom of each page. The default page length is 66 lines, but this can be changed (usually for laser printers) with the pagelength option in the configuration file. You will be prompted for the indent from the left margin to use when printing the file. $windowmenu 01 02 03 64 Window Management Menu 016516 03 01 02 01 37 08 01 we windowcommands 03 34 09 01 we menu The Window Management menu contains commands to control the size and other characteristics of the editing windows. The Window Management menu is listed on the Main menu. $windowcommands 01 06 17 65 Window Management Commands 016927 17 01 06 02 28 22 01 we windowmenu 03 01 20 01 we ctrl_x 09 09 09 01 we zoommode 10 09 11 01 we hiddenwindows 11 09 11 01 we lockedwindows 12 09 25 01 we nextunlocked These commands are used to manipulate editing windows. All these commands are listed on the Window Management menu. Many are also special key commands. Go to next window (F6) Go to previous window (Shift/F6) Remember current window Go back to remembered window Zoom mode on/off (^X+^Z) Hide/unhide window when not zoomed (^X+^H) Lock/unlock window on screen (^X+^L) Show next unlocked window (^X+^U) Unhide/unlock all windows Increase window size (F5) Decrease window size (Shift/F5) Make all windows equal size $zoommode 01 01 10 65 Zoom Mode 017629 10 01 01 10 25 11 01 we status When WE is in "zoom" mode only the current window will be displayed, and it will be expanded to take up the entire screen. The unzoomed sizes of the windows are not lost, and will be restored when zoom mode is turned off. Zoom mode is turned on and off with the ^X+^Z command. You will know WE is in zoom mode when the current window takes up the whole screen, and the "(Z)" indicator appears next to the window file name in the status line. $hiddenwindows 01 02 09 65 Hidden Windows 018191 09 01 02 02 47 09 01 we zoommode 08 25 11 01 we status When a window is marked as "hidden" with the ^X+^H command it will not appear on the screen unless WE is in zoom mode and the hidden window is the current window. You will have to use F6 or a similar command to search through the windows to find the hidden window after switching to zoom mode. Hidden windows are marked with an "(H)" indicator next to the window file name in the status line when you look at them in zoom mode (which is the only time you will see them, of course...) $lockedwindows 01 02 18 65 Locked Windows 018798 18 01 02 04 01 11 01 we status 14 32 25 01 we nextunlocked When window(s) are "locked" onto the screen they remain in place while "unlocked" windows take turns being displayed in whatever screen space is left over. Locked windows display "(L)" in the status line. Locked windows are useful when you have one or two windows you are actively working on, and a list of other windows that you are only looking at occasionally for reference. This keeps the screen from becoming cluttered with too many windows. To set up locked windows first "unzoom". Then open at least one of the files you won't want to lock. This is to hold space on the screen for unlocked windows. Then lock the windows you want with ^X+^L. Then use ^X+^U to show each unlocked window. Once locking is set up you may use any of the other window commands to zoom, unzoom, change window sizes, etc. Any new windows you open will be unlocked. $nextunlocked 01 01 04 65 Show Next Unlocked Window 019774 04 01 01 01 15 06 01 we lockedwindows Once you have locked one or more windows, then the first time you use ^X+^U the first unlocked window will be displayed in whatever unlocked space is left over. You can display the other unlocked windows one at a time by using ^X+^U again. $status 01 03 11 65 Status Line 020157 11 01 03 04 43 06 01 we hiddenwindows 05 44 06 01 we lockedwindows 11 43 12 01 we statusflags The status line above each window shows a variety of things about that window. The name of the file shows at the left, followed by "(new)" if the file is newly created by this editing session. "(H)" is shown if the window is hidden (and in zoom mode), and "(L)" is shown if the window is locked. The two numbers at the far right are the row and column where the cursor is positioned in the file, and the number in parentheses is the number of lines in the file. To the left of the line count is a set of status flags. $statusflags 01 07 13 64 Status Line Flags 020940 13 01 07 01 38 18 01 we status 07 07 11 01 we insmode 08 17 22 01 we paraformat 09 07 46 01 we autoblankline 10 14 21 01 we autoindent 11 13 21 01 we autoindent 12 07 23 01 we markcursormove To the left of the line count in the window status line is a blank area where several status flags can appear. The following status flags are defined. If a flag does not appear then the associated condition is not true. * - The file has been changed. I - Insert mode is active (otherwise typeover mode). P - Automatic paragraph reformatting is active. B - Automatically add blank line below after ENTER. > - Normal indenting after ENTER enabled. S - Smart indenting after ENTER enabled. M - Cursor movement marking enabled for cut and paste. $insmode 01 01 13 64 Insert and Typeover Modes 021606 13 01 01 10 12 19 01 we statusflags When you type text into WE it can be handled in two different ways. If WE is in "insert" mode a space will be opened at the cursor to receive the text as you type it in, in other words everything after the cursor will be shifted to the right to make room. If WE is not in insert mode it is in "typeover" mode, where new text simply types over the old text and replaces it. WE is normally in insert mode. You can tell if WE is in insert mode by looking for the letter "I" in the window status flags. Insert versus typeover mode is selected separately for each window. $paraformat 01 03 15 65 Paragraph Formatting 022342 15 01 03 01 42 22 01 we paramargins 07 35 22 01 we editset_autopfmt 08 04 23 01 we settingmenu WE lets you format paragraphs by setting left and right margins and an indent for the first line. You can also set the tab size at the same time, and tell WE to add only one blank after a "." instead of the normal two. Reformat a paragraph at any time by pushing ^P. If auto formatting is turned on with the "Auto format paragraphs" command on Edit Mode Settings menu then WE will format the paragraph for you as you type it in. WE recognizes several different types of paragraph separators. It recognizes blank lines, indented lines, and lines that begin with "$", ".", "#" or "*". A "$" followed by a digit will not be treated as a paragraph separator (because that is how dollars are specified). $autoblankline 01 05 14 65 Add Blank Line After ENTER Key 023269 14 01 05 02 10 04 01 we settingmenu 04 01 05 01 we toggleoptions 10 27 15 01 we smartindent 13 44 09 01 we enter 14 01 26 01 we kcdfile The "Add line below after ENTER key" option on the Edit Mode Settings menu will cause WE to insert a blank line below the current line when you push the ENTER key. Using this same option again will turn this mode off. This mode is very handy when you are typing in lots of new text and want the ENTER key to automatically create space for the next line. This option combined with smart indenting makes it very easy to type in "C" source code. You may also configure the behavior of the ENTER key in the WE.KCD key definition file. $autoindent 01 03 13 65 Automatic Indenting 023967 13 01 03 04 50 07 01 we smartindent 09 21 12 01 we autoindentsafe 13 15 23 01 we settingmenu When auto indenting mode is turned on the cursor automatically moves in to indent the following line each time ENTER is pushed. There are actually two auto indenting modes. "Normal" auto indenting just indents to match the line above. "Smart" auto indenting is much more sophisticated, performing some simple syntax checking of "C" source code to figure out the correct indent. Auto indenting will never change the indenting of a line you have already typed in. The auto indent mode is selected with the "Set auto indent mode" option on the Edit Mode Settings menu. $autoindentsafe 01 00 10 64 Auto Indent Safety 024615 10 00 00 Auto indenting will not change the indent of any line containing non-whitespace characters. It will instead attempt to position the cursor at what it considers to be the correct indent in the existing line. It will not move the cursor in past the leftmost non-whitespace character on the line. The actual algorithm used by ALL auto indenting is to first position the cursor as described above, and add more blanks to reach the correct indent only if it reaches the end of line and hasn't encountered any non-whitespace characters. $smartindent 01 06 13 63 Smart Auto Indenting 025402 13 01 06 01 07 14 01 we autoindent 01 32 22 01 we smartindentlogic 09 16 18 01 we configfiles 12 22 13 01 we insbracepair 12 42 16 01 we insclosingbrace 13 23 29 01 we autoblankline Smart auto indenting uses some simple syntax analysis to determine the proper indent for a line of "C" source code. It recognizes two different indents - the indent to apply to statements following control statements such as "if()" and "for()", and the indent to apply to statements enclosed by {} braces. It will both indent and outdent as required. Both indents default to 1 column. These values may be modified by editing the configuration file. Smart indenting is designed to work hand in hand with the commands to insert a brace pair {} and a trailing brace }, and the ENTER key mode to automatically add blank lines. $smartindentlogic 02 02 11 65 Smart Indenting Logic 026190 11 00 00 026805 07 01 02 02 11 17 02 we insbracepair 02 35 20 02 we insclosingbrace Smart auto indenting does not perform a complete syntax analysis of your source code, instead it attempts to recognize "C" statements in the two lines above the line being indented. In simplied form: If the line above contains a "C" control statement or begins with a "{" or "}" then the appropriate indent or outdent is applied. Otherwise the second line above is checked to see if it looks like the first line is a one line indent caused by a simple statement following a control statement, such as "if() (newline) return;". If none of these apply then the line is indented to match the line above. This logic works much better if compound statements are built with the "Insert brace pair" and "Insert closing brace" commands, particularly if you indent statements inside a {} brace pair. This is because the indent of a line containing a closing brace is not determined by the lines above, it is determined by the simple fact that it is a closing brace - and smart indenting has to decide on an indent before you type anything on the line! $toggleoptions 01 00 09 65 Dual Purpose Menu Options 027325 09 00 00 Menu options controlling modes that can be turned on and off work a little differently from other menu options. Each time you use the option it will switch the mode to the other setting, so that it has the opposite effect each time you use it. The wording of options like this is changed to reflect the current setting of the mode it controls, so you can tell what the option will do each time you use it. For example, an option might say "Turn mode X on" or "Turn mode X off" depending on whether mode X is currently on or off. $ctrl_x 01 01 14 64 Special Key Commands 027949 14 01 01 14 01 19 01 we kcdfile There are many WE commands available both as menu options and special key commands. Special key commands are commands entered without a menu. They are either function keys, or keys combined with "modifier" keys "Shift", "Ctrl" (referred to as "^"), or "Alt". Special key commands can be single input commands, like F2, Shift/F2 or ^P, or double input commands, like ^X+^O or ^X+^P. If a menu option has an equivalent special key command that command will be listed in parentheses at the end of the option. Key choices for special key commands are defined by the key definition file. $searchmenu 01 02 03 65 Search and Replace 028664 03 01 02 01 38 08 01 we searchcommands 03 46 09 01 we menu The Search and Replace menu contains commands lets you search for (and optionally replace) words or strings of letters in the file. The Search and Replace menu is listed on the Main menu. $searchcommands 01 03 15 65 Search and Replace Commands 029012 15 01 03 01 46 16 01 we searchwordstring 03 05 11 01 we searchmenu 03 44 20 01 we ctrl_x These commands are used to search or replace words or strings in the text of an editing window. All these commands are listed on the Search menu, and some of them are also special key commands. You can search for an exact match to the capitalization you enter, or ignore capitalization when searching. The "replace" commands substitute new text for each word or string found. You will be asked to verify each change first. You can answer "Yes" or "No", or "All" to replace all the rest of the matches without asking. Searching and replacing always starts at the cursor, so if you want to search the entire file make sure you move to the top first. $searchwordstring 01 00 07 65 Words vs Strings 029745 07 00 00 Search or replacing "words" means looking for sequences of characters bounded by blanks or punctuation marks. Looking for "strings" means any occurence of the text being searched for, regardless of what it is bounded by. For instance, doing a word search for "at" won't find "that". Doing a "string" search for "at" would find "that", "state", etc. $cutpastemenu 01 02 04 65 Cut and Paste Menu 030220 04 01 02 01 33 08 01 we cutpastecommands 04 54 09 01 we menu The Cut and Paste menu contains commands to mark sections of text and then do things such as delete, move, or make a copy them. The parts of the file you have marked will appear highlighted on the screen. The Cut and Paste menu is listed on the Main menu. $cutpastecommands 01 05 09 62 Cut and Paste Commands 030690 09 01 05 03 38 18 01 we cutpastemenu 04 01 23 01 we blockmenu 06 10 28 01 we markcommands 07 10 35 01 we cutpasteall 08 10 34 01 we blockedit These commands do various things to mark sections of text and perform operations on them. These commands are divided into three groups. All are listed on the Cut and Paste menu or the Block Manipulation menu. Commands to mark/unmark text Commands to work on ALL marked text Commands to work on a marked block $cutpasteall 01 06 10 65 Commands to Work on ALL Marked Text 031290 10 01 06 02 22 26 01 we markunique 04 28 16 01 we markclearall 05 34 18 01 we cutpastemenu 07 12 18 01 we cutpaste_del 08 12 26 01 we cutpaste_mov 09 12 35 01 we cutpaste_cpy These commands work on ALL the marked text in a window. Remember that because of WE's unique way of marking text you can have bits of marked text scattered all over a file. If you're not sure what's marked it's best to clear everything and re-mark it. All these commands are listed on the Cut and Paste menu. Delete marked text Move marked text to cursor Copy marked text and leave original $cutpaste_del 01 00 03 65 Delete Marked Text 031792 03 00 00 This command deletes all marked text from the current window. If all characters on a line are marked then the entire line is deleted instead of leaving a blank line. $cutpaste_mov 01 01 03 63 Move Marked Text to Cursor 032062 03 01 01 03 42 17 01 we cutpaste_eol This command will move all marked text in the current window to after the cursor. The original text is deleted, only the copy remains. Line breaks in the marked text will be preserved. $cutpaste_cpy 01 01 03 64 Copy Marked Text and Leave Original 032361 03 01 01 03 27 16 01 we cutpaste_eol This command will insert at the cursor a copy of all marked text in the current window. The original text is unaffected. Line breaks in the marked text will be repeated in the new text. $cutpaste_eol 01 02 17 65 Line Breaks in Marked Text 032681 17 01 02 01 01 04 01 we cutpaste_mov 01 10 04 01 we cutpaste_cpy Move and Copy do different things with entire marked lines and bits of marked text within a line. Mostly it works intuitively: When entire lines are marked, entire lines are inserted at the cursor. When bits of a line are marked, just the characters are inserted, and no new lines created. The only thing to be careful of is to position the cursor at the beginning of a line before moving or copying entire marked lines. The only time results can be confusing is when pieces of several adjacent lines are marked. Here is the actual method WE uses: Any time move or copy reads a line of text that is entirely marked, a line break is added at the destination after the line is inserted. A line break is also inserted when the last character on a line is marked and anything on the next line is marked. All other marked text is inserted at the cursor with no line breaks. $markcommands 01 06 20 65 Marking and Unmarking Text 033810 20 01 06 03 19 42 01 we markunique 08 15 18 01 we markline 09 15 23 01 we markchar 10 15 27 01 we markcursormove 11 15 25 01 we markclearall 13 20 33 01 we markdisplay Many operations in WE work on "marked" text. Text can be marked in many different ways, but it is all treated the same once it is marked. WE has a very different way of defining marked text than most editors and word processors. Here are the basic ways to mark and unmark text: One line at a time One character at a time Marking as the cursor moves Clear all marks in window Marked text always appears differently on the screen so you will know what is marked. A line can be marked even if there is no text on it, i.e. it is a blank line. A blank line is marked by using the "mark entire line" command. Unfortunately, there is no visual clue that such a line has been marked. You simply have to remember that you marked it. $markdisplay 01 00 05 65 Displaying Marked Text 034686 05 00 00 On color screens marked text appears as white letters instead of the normal black, on a darker blue background instead of the normal very light blue. On monochrome screens the marked text is displayed in reverse video, i.e. black letters on a white background instead of the other way around. $markunique 01 00 11 65 WE Marked Text 035043 11 00 00 Most editors and word processors use "beginning" and "ending" markers to "enclose" text that is marked. There is usually only one pair of markers, so you can only have ONE piece of marked text at any time. WE doesn't do this. WE marks text character by character, with no beginning and ending markers. This allows any bits of text to be marked, anywhere in the file. It can be extremely convenient to mark pieces of text all through a file and then write them all out to a file, copy them somewhere else in the file, delete them, whatever. $markline 01 00 16 65 Marking/Unmarking One Line 035666 16 00 00 Push the F2 key to mark the entire line that the cursor is on. The line will be marked and redisplayed. If the current line is already entirely marked then the cursor will first move down to the next line. This allows you to conveniently mark several lines in a row by pushing F2 several times. To unmark everything on a line move the cursor to that line and push Shift/F2. This will unmark and redisplay the line even if only part of the line was marked. If you push Shift/F2 on a line which has nothing marked, WE will look first at the line above, and then the line below, to see if either one has any text marked. If it finds any it will move the cursor to that line and unmarked it. This allows you to push Shift/F2 several times in a row to unmark several lines without having to stop and move the cursor between each one. $markchar 01 01 07 65 Marking/Unmarking One Character 036615 07 01 01 02 14 12 01 we markline Marking and unmarking single characters is very similar to doing the same for entire lines. The F3 and Shift/F3 keys are used instead of F2 and Shift/F2. F3 marks the character at the cursor and moves right one character. Shift/F3 unmarks the current character, moving left or right one column first if the current character is not marked. $markcursormove 01 02 14 65 Marking as the Cursor Moves 037096 14 01 02 02 30 18 01 we cutpastemenu 08 31 17 01 we statusflags The cursor can be used as a "marking pen" to mark text as it moves. Three options on the Cut and Paste menu control this: Mark letters as cursor moves Don't mark letters as cursor moves Switch cursor movement marking mode The letter "M" appears in the status line flags when cursor movement marking is enabled. When it is enabled the arrow keys, PgUp, and PgDn will mark text as they move the cursor. Other actions resulting in cursor movement, such as searching or typing text, will not cause text to be marked. Only explicit use of these keys will have that effect. $markclearall 01 01 04 65 Clear All Marks 037800 04 01 01 01 48 18 01 we cutpastemenu The "Clear all marks in window" command on the Cut and Paste menu will clear all marks from text in the current window. This is a good safety precaution if you aren't sure whether you've left bits of marked text scattered about the file. $miscmenu 01 05 09 65 Miscellaneous Menu 038237 09 01 05 01 39 09 01 we menu 05 09 34 01 we searchfiles 06 09 22 01 we dosshell 07 09 20 01 we insbracepair 08 09 23 01 we insclosingbrace The Miscellaneous menu (listed on the Main menu) contains options that don't fit anywhere else. This includes the following options, as well as others: Search wildcard file list for text Temporary MS-DOS shell Insert brace pair... Insert closing brace... $paramargins 01 02 03 62 Paragraph Margins 038652 03 01 02 01 41 20 01 we paraformat 03 01 23 01 we settingmenu The margins and other settings used for paragraph formatting are set by the "Margins and Formatting Options" command on the Edit Mode Settings menu. $configfiles 01 05 16 65 Configuration Files 039039 16 01 05 10 03 23 01 we configop_path 11 03 25 01 we configop_pagelength 12 03 23 01 we configop_controlindent 13 03 21 01 we configop_braceindent 15 44 08 01 we configoptions WE reads a file named "WE.CFG" to find configuration information. WE first looks in the current directory for this file, then in looks in the MS-DOS search path. The configuration file is an ASCII text file. Each line begins with a keyword that determines what type of line it is. The keyword can be either upper or lower case. The following keywords are defined: path <globalsearchpath> pagelength <linesperpage> controlindent <columns> braceindent <columns> Some configuration file information can be modified inside WE for the current editing session. $configop_path 01 01 11 64 Global Search Path 039713 11 01 01 03 20 11 01 we filepath path <globalsearchpath> Defines the global search path used when opening files to create new windows. <globalsearchpath> is a list of directory names separated by semicolons. No global search path is used if none is defined here. Example: path c:\borlandc\include;c:\myhdrs $configop_pagelength 01 00 12 65 Printer Page Length 040077 12 00 00 pagelength <linesperpage> Defines the number of lines of text that will fit on a printer page. The default value for this is 66, which is correct for most printers. The common exception is laser printers and inkjet printers, which can't print at the very top and very bottom of the page. The usual setting for these is 60. Example: pagelength 60 $configop_controlindent 01 01 10 65 Control Statement Smart Indent 040556 10 01 01 05 01 15 01 we smartindent controlindent <columns> Defines the number of columns to indent the statement below a "C" control statement, such as "if()", "for()" or "switch()", during smart indenting. The default value is 1. Example: controlindent 3 $configop_braceindent 01 01 10 65 {} Compound Statement Smart Indent 040909 10 01 01 04 37 15 01 we smartindent braceindent <columns> Defines the number of columns to indent inside a pair of "C" compound statement braces {} during smart indenting. The default value is 1. Example: braceindent 0 $kcdfile 01 02 18 65 Key Definition File 041217 18 01 02 04 21 29 01 we kcdline 14 05 09 01 we kcdenter All the actions produced by keystrokes in WE are controlled by an ASCII text file called the "Key definition file". This allows you to completely reconfigure the keyboard to suit your tastes. Each line of WE.KCD defines the action of one key or key combination. The key definition file is WE.KCD. It must be present in either the current directory or the MS-DOS search path. The current directory is searched first. For convenience and safety, a backup copy of the standard WE.KCD is supplied as WENOR.KCD. The ENTER key is a somewhat special case. The menus always show the correct keystroke commands after the menu options, but the help messages do not adapt this way. The F1 key is permanently assigned to displaying help. $kcdline 01 02 18 68 Key Definition Line 042079 18 01 02 01 18 19 01 we kcdfile 01 51 15 01 we kcdkeyname Each line in the key definition file contains the name of the key (or double key) being defined, followed by a pre-defined 3 letter code specifying the action to take when those key(s) are pressed. One or more blanks are required between items on the line. Comments can be added to the end of a line by prefixing them with a "!" character. Lines that are blank or contain only a comment are ignored. For example: Back dpv ! Delete previous character Home lfx ! Move cursor to beginning of line ^E dte ! Delete from cursor to end of line Shift/F6 spw ! Switch to previous window ^X ^O opn ! Open file and load into new window ^X ^F ser ! Search for string with exact capitalization All the 3 letter codes are described in file WECMD.KCD, which is a normal key definition file with full comments and all the keystrokes omitted. $kcdkeyname 01 00 16 65 Key Names 043059 16 00 00 Most key names are self-evident. All the standard ones are used in WENOR.KCD, so look in that file for reference. Combination keys (shift, alt and ctrl) are formed by prefixing the normal key with "Shift/", "Ctrl/", "^" (same as /Ctrl), or "Alt/". No spaces are allowed between the parts. It does not matter what capitalization you use. Some combination keystrokes seem sensible, but the keyboard is actually incapable of producing them through the BIOS. An example of this is "Ctrl/Tab". WE will give you an error message at program startup if it finds such a key in WE.KCD. Briefly, you can use function keys by themselves, shifted, ctrl'ed, or alt'ed, alt keys A-Z and 0-9, and a variety of named keys, sometimes ctrl'ed. $kcdenter 01 02 11 65 Choosing an Action for the ENTER key 043931 11 01 02 08 17 09 01 we enter 08 34 19 01 we kcdfile Unlike other keys with an obvious intent, like the arrow keys, the ENTER key can plausibly do several different, though similar, things. Does it merely move the cursor? Does it create a new line? When and how? These choices are purely a matter of personal taste. To accomodate this WE supplies several different actions that can be assigned to the ENTER key in the key definition file. The standard setting is "ent", which just moves to the next line, but there are several other choices which will add a blank line below instead under different conditions. $cmdlinopts 02 06 15 65 Command Line Options 044748 15 01 06 045423 09 00 00 02 14 10 01 we openspec 03 28 16 01 we filepath 04 01 18 01 we configfiles 06 43 14 01 we pickfile 11 01 13 01 we sessionfiles 15 34 06 01 we hiddenwindows The MS-DOS command to execute WE is just "WE" optionally followed by a list of file names separated by spaces. A window will be opened for each file. The file search path listed in the configuration file is searched to find each file. If a file name contains a wildcard then a directory list with matching files will be displayed to pick from. If no files names are used in the command line then a directory window with the contents of the current directory is opened. Session files may be used with the "@" character prefix to open groups of files. If a postfix of "/H" or "/h" is to a file name then the window with that file will initially be hidden. Example command lines: we we @ we @mylist.ses we main.c hdr.h @other.ses we @ hdr.h we lib1.c main.c hdr.h $filepath 01 03 18 65 File Search Path 045705 18 01 03 13 01 18 01 we configfiles 16 02 25 01 we configoptions 16 43 18 01 we miscmenu Any time you open a window in WE to look at a file, WE will check to see if a disk or path is specified in the name. If so then WE looks for the file exactly as named, otherwise it looks for it in a list of directories called the "File Search Path". The file search path is much like the "PATH=" program search path used by MS-DOS to process command names entered at the command prompt. There are actually two file search paths checked when a file is opened. The "local path" is specific to the current window, and is generally the directory containing the file in that window. If the file cannot be found in the local path then the global search path is checked. This path is defined in the WE.CFG configuration file read by WE. Both of these search paths can be modified while in WE with the "Set Configuration Options" option on the Miscellaneous menu. Any changes to the global search path will only stay in effect for this session in WE. $sessionfiles 01 03 19 65 Session Files 046809 19 01 03 03 11 16 01 we filepath 10 01 16 01 we cmdlinopts 12 24 27 01 we fileclsall Session files are ASCII text files containing a file name on each line. WE will read these files and open a window for each file. The usual file search path will be used to try and locate each of the files listed in the session file, but not the session file itself. There are three times where WE will use a session file: 1. If the single character name "@" is listed as a file on the DOS command line which invokes WE, then if session file WE.SES exists in the current directory WE will use it. This session file is created by the "Close all window and exit" command. 2. Any time you attempt to open a file and prefix the name with the "@" character. This can be done at the DOS command line, or when opening a new window while in WE. 3. After files listed on the DOS command line or in WE.SES are opened, WE will use session file WEG.SES if it exists. $searchfiles 01 01 17 65 Search Wildcard File List for Text 047796 17 01 01 01 20 18 01 we miscmenu This option on the Miscellaneous menu will scan through all files matching a wildcard you specify. The search will look for letters, words or phrases that you specify. There are a number of options you can use for the search. You can search all subdirectories of the wildcard you specified, you can search for whole words only as opposed to sequences of letters imbedded in words, and you can search in a case sensitive or case insensitive fashion. You can also do a "topic keyword" search or a "full file" search. A full file search is just what it sounds like - every line of each file is checked. A topic search will only check lines which contain the string "$TOPIC". The "$TOPIC" must be in upper case, unless the search is case insensitive. "$TOPIC" will usually be at the beginning of the line, followed by topic keywords which characterize the file it is contained in. $configoptions 01 03 08 65 Configuration Options 048843 08 01 03 01 47 18 01 we miscmenu 03 10 18 01 we configfiles 04 39 11 01 we filepath The "Set configuration options" option on the Miscellaneous menu will allow you to look at and change some of the information read from the configuration file, as well as configuration information for the current window (currently the search path for that window). "Set configuration options" will not save any changes you make. Changes will only last until you leave WE. $setcnfpthg 01 00 03 64 Global Search Path 049285 03 00 00 Enter one or more directory names, separated by semicolons. The local search path for the current window will be searched before the global search path entered here. $setcnfpthl 01 00 04 63 Local Search Path 049515 04 00 00 Enter one or more directory names for the local search path for this window, separated by semicolons. This search path will be used before the global search path, when opening windows from this window. $dosshell 01 01 10 64 Temporary MS-DOS Shell 049810 10 01 01 01 44 18 01 we miscmenu The "Temporary MS-DOS shell" option on the Miscellaneous menu will temporarily drop the user out of WE back to the MS-DOS command prompt. Your current work in WE will be preserved until you type "exit" at the MS-DOS prompt and return to WE. You will have a limited amount of memory to use while at the MS-DOS prompt, the exact amount depending on the size of the files that are loaded into WE. You probably will not be able to execute major applications from the MS-DOS prompt, but you should be able to perform simple file manipulations. $settingmenu 01 02 02 63 Edit Mode Settings Menu 050479 02 01 02 01 46 18 01 we editsettings 02 39 09 01 we menu The Edit Mode Settings menu contains all the edit mode settings commands. This menu is listed on the Main menu. $editsettings 01 06 12 65 Edit Mode Settings Commands 050841 12 01 06 02 38 23 01 we settingmenu 03 05 42 01 we toggleoptions 06 11 30 01 we paraformat 07 11 30 01 we editset_autopfmt 08 11 38 01 we autoblankline 09 15 16 01 we autoindent These commands either change edit mode settings or display status information. They are listed on the Edit Mode Settings menu. The wording and action of some options changes depending on the setting of the mode they control. Margins and formatting options (Don't) auto format paragraphs (Don't) add line below after ENTER key Set auto indent mode Other configuration information Display status information $editset_autopfmt 01 03 04 65 (Don't) Auto Format Paragraphs 051486 04 01 03 01 28 23 01 we settingmenu 02 31 25 01 we paraformat 03 16 29 01 we toggleoptions This option, listed on the Edit Mode Settings menu, controls whether text is automatically formatted into paragraphs as it is typed in. The wording of the option changes depending on whether this mode is enabled or not. $blockmenu 01 02 02 58 Block Manipulation Menu 051823 02 01 02 01 46 13 01 we blockedit 02 39 09 01 we menu The Block Manipulation menu contains all the block editing commands. This menu is listed on the Main menu. $blockedit 01 11 19 65 Block Editing Commands 052303 19 01 11 02 04 14 01 we block_adjlines 02 22 11 01 we markcommands 07 01 20 01 we paraformat 10 42 23 01 we blockmenu 11 33 20 01 we ctrl_x 13 09 29 01 we block_inscol 14 09 23 01 we block_delcol 15 09 45 01 we block_write 16 09 26 01 we block_append 17 09 40 01 we block_white 18 09 32 01 we block_last These commands operate on the current "block", which is the set of adjacent lines of marked text the cursor is in. These commands restrict themselves to the block the cursor is in if there are several marked blocks. Several of these commands produce strange results if automatic paragraph formatting is enabled when they are used, and line lengths are extended past the allowed right margin. The following commands are listed on the Block Manipulation menu. Many of these commands are also special key commands. Insert blank column at cursor Delete column at cursor Write string or number in each line at cursor Append string to each line Strip trailing whitespace from each line Trim last character on each line $block_adjlines 01 00 07 65 Adjacent Lines in a Block 053160 07 00 00 If any part of a line is marked it is counted as part of a block, along with any adjacent lines that are also marked. It does not matter how much of each line is marked, if any part is marked the line is included. If the cursor is not on a marked line block commands will only operate on the current line. There can be several different marked blocks in a file at the same time, because one or more completely unmarked lines separate them. $block_inscol 01 01 03 63 Insert Blank Column at Cursor 053710 03 01 01 01 06 21 01 we blockedit This block editing command will insert a blank column at the cursor position in a block of adjacent marked lines. If a line does not extend to the cursor column it is not changed. $block_delcol 01 01 03 65 Delete Column at Cursor 053988 03 01 01 01 06 21 01 we blockedit This block editing command will delete a column at the cursor position in a block of adjacent marked lines. If a line does not extend to the cursor column it is not changed. $block_write 01 02 12 65 Write String or Number in Each Line at Cursor 054305 12 01 02 01 06 21 01 we blockedit 06 41 23 01 we insmode This block editing command will write a string or incrementing number at the same column in each line of a block of adjacent marked lines. The column position of the cursor is used as the column position to write in. The string or number will be written in insert or typeover mode depending on the mode currently set for the window. If a number is written then you may specify the beginning number and how much to increment it between lines. If a line in the block is not long enough to reach the column to write to then that line is not changed. $block_append 01 01 02 61 Append String to Each Line 054965 02 01 01 01 06 21 01 we blockedit This block editing command will append a string to the end of each line in a block of adjacent marked lines. $block_white 01 01 02 63 Strip Trailing Whitespace from each Line 055186 02 01 01 01 06 21 01 we blockedit This block editing command will delete trailing whitespace from each line in a block of adjacent marked lines. $block_last 01 01 02 65 Trim Last Character on Each Line 055400 02 01 01 01 06 21 01 we blockedit This block editing command will delete the last character on each line in a block of adjacent marked lines. $autoindentmenu 01 01 01 61 Auto Indent Menu 055600 01 01 01 01 41 11 01 we autoindent This menu contains options to pick the "auto indent" setting.