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- 2. WHO SHOULD BE USING MIR TUTORIALS?
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- 2.1 Table of users and benefits
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- FOR WHOM? BENEFITS
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- Directors of » Outstanding quality
- Information Services » Speeds up standards process
- » User learns a single interface
- for all data searches
- » Open architecture
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- Custom software » Cuts customization time, costs
- providers through engine-independent
- techniques
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- Information publishers » Reduces costs through applying
- own expertise to data
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- Government information » Massive quantities of data can
- distributors be searched in record time
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- Educators and trainers » World class, "copyleft"
- » R & D contributions welcomed
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- Programmers » Pride of participation
- » Expanded capabilities
- » Builds reputation through
- sharing improvements
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- 2.2 Directors of Information Services
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- In large organizations, MIR Tutorials and software are
- directed in the first instance to the person with responsibility
- for corporate direction of information management. The job title
- may be Director of Information Services, or Vice-President in
- charge of Information Services, or an equivalent position. The
- reason for aiming toward the top of the organization is that high
- speed search technology has management implications:
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- » Progressive management puts priority on service and
- people-oriented skills. When business empowers its
- people to source information for themselves, individual
- creativity and job satisfaction increase, and there is
- a reduction in supervisory levels and costs.
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- » An increasing portion of staff are information workers.
- Time for these people to learn and relearn a wide range
- of search and retrieval methods are sapping time from
- the needs of the organization.
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- All software embodies beliefs about people. A tell-
- tale sign is found in the error messages embedded within a program.
- We are all familiar with techno-centered software which is written
- by technical people to please other technical people, and the end
- user is treated as a naive inconvenience (or a necessary evil). If
- there are to be truly user-driven or market-driven information
- services, there must be a concerted push from the top to make it
- happen. Implementation of new retrieval and pattern-search systems
- will be delegated to lower echelons. But the user focus must have
- support from the top.
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- The table at the beginning of this topic lists a
- variety of benefits to the large firm. Performance quality is
- important because the large organization is more likely to handle
- massive databases, and is more prone to system degradation through
- inefficient software. Standards are relevant because too much of
- data processing budgets are consumed by incompatibilities stemming
- from lack of standards. MIR technology ties in with the current
- drive to make it possible for users to learn a single interface for
- all data searches; the benefits in convenience and reduced
- re-education will be substantial. Closed architecture hardware and
- proprietary software elevate costs; here we provide source code and
- techniques that may be freely used and shared. This kind of open
- architecture approach reduces your dependence on suppliers.
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- 2.3 Custom software providers
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- Organizations that provide "custom" computer programs
- and support to others make their profit through selling variations
- of the same software as many times as possible. Their competitive
- advantage stems from high quality support and timely delivery more
- than from the software itself. Further on we will look at engine-
- independent techniques. They help by reducing substantially the
- time and cost required to customize indexing and retrieval
- software. More resources can therefore be directed toward user
- education and support.
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- The firm selling off-the-shelf software is not as
- likely to benefit from MIR software. This is because of the
- "copyleft" requirement that programs embodying MIR techniques must
- be accompanied by source code without restriction on copying.
- Proprietary secrecy is a common means of preserving a competitive
- advantage. We believe that in the long run the market is better
- served by technical excellence coupled with access to source code
- and high quality support services. The software firm that shares
- these commitments need not fear disclosure of source code, and can
- benefit from the technology and method offered here.
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- 2.4 Information publishers
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- Here we address the needs of organizations that have
- large quantities of data that they wish to make accessible to many
- people.
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- The challenge of in-house communication sometimes
- overwhelms people in a two-person organization (marriage, for
- example). In the context of 2,000 or 20,000 employees, it's even
- tougher. Examples of these organizations include:
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- » a public accounting firm that produces audit standards
- and procedures for internal use;
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- » a bank using 30,000 pages of manuals that must keep
- several hundred branches up to date;
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- » a regional real estate board servicing thousands of
- agents with detail on current listings.
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- The more rapidly the data changes and the more geographically
- dispersed the people, the more difficult the task.
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- CD-ROM publishers have multiplied in recent years. For
- example, an aircraft manufacturer may wish to supply maintenance
- manuals to every buyer and to every airport at which the particular
- aircraft type may touch down. CD-ROM publishers have diverse
- interests ranging from financial trends or hazardous commodities to
- bible study materials and telephone directories.
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- The common factor in in-house communication and
- external publishing on CD-ROM is expertise concerning, and access
- to, large databases. Each stands to gain by being equipped to
- apply its expertise to its own data. The publisher can format the
- data; it often has particular knowledge of how people have made use
- of the data in the past. Even if a service bureau or consulting
- firm is brought into the picture, the organization can reduce its
- costs. Some service bureaus (such as Innotech, a partner in the
- MIR project) offer substantial discounts to customers that process
- data into a standard form and/or set up uniform field indexing
- files prior to sending the data to the service bureau for CD-ROM
- publishing.
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- 2.5 Government information distributors
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- Government records can grow to massive proportions.
- Consider the millions of tax returns filed each year, the task of
- tracking immigration, military procurement programs dealing with
- millions of different parts, medical care of veterans, and so
- forth. Automated indexing and high speed retrieval is essential,
- whether the information is for government use or for distribution
- to the public. There is considerable software on the market that
- can handle reasonably well databases with perhaps a hundred
- thousand records. But many government databases have millions of
- records; for them, a better class of software is essential.
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- Government also stands to gain if search and retrieval
- methods move in the direction of shared standards. Discussion of
- standards receives strong impetus from open architecture software.
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- 2.6 Educators and trainers
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- Material in the public domain on indexing and retrieval
- tends to be either obscure or effective only for limited size data
- sets. In the MIR project, we have set aside the proprietary
- approach, to the direct benefit of teachers and students. Courses
- in management information systems and in computer science can use
- the techniques and software here... discuss them, improve them,
- extend their applications. The interactive publishing technique is
- a variation on the exchange of ideas through academic journals.
- Your research and development inputs are most welcome.
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- 2.7 Programmers
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- You may be any, all, or none of the above. But you
- love computer programming... the ultimate in problem solving where
- you can see the results of your creativity. You didn't invent what
- is here, but once you see the software, you may see ways in which
- you can improve on it. The best software emerges, not from tidy
- development groups, but from public "skunkworks" in which people go
- at the task for the sheer love of it. The EMACS editor is a lovely
- example. There is pride in having taken something good and making
- it better. And reputations are built through hacking at a popular
- project and getting one's name associated with innovative
- improvements. This project is built around "free" software. So,
- go at it. And have fun!