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- How does hypertext compare with relational databases?
- =====================================================
-
- Both hypertext and relational databases index information. However, hypertext
- makes far different assumptions about the capability of the users and the
- purposes for indexing information. <FILE17 DESIGN GOALS>
-
- In looking at the expectations of users, relational databases make the
- following assumptions:
-
- Users must know the language (or they can't access specific information).
- Users must know the synonyms (or they can't access all the information).
- Users must know set intersection (or they can't access the information).
-
- In return, the relational databases provide the following:
-
- Information that matches the search criteria (ignores close fits)
- Information that matches the search criteria (words rather than ideas)
- Information that matches the search criteria (but has no sense of structure)
- Information that matches the search criteria (but has no browsing capability)
-
- Given this, you might ask why are relational databases used? <FILE69 DATABASES>
-
- The answers to this question may center on:
-
- - Not knowing of alternate ways to index information
- - Saving initial expense while increasing access costs to each user
- - Assuming data-field approaches work with free-field text and ideas
- - Not understanding the needs and talents of the users of such systems
- - Not understanding the structural defects of relational databases
- - Not having the time and talents for building more useful index systems
-
- In contrast, here's a quick review of the goals in designing hypertext
- knowledgebases:
- ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
- │ - index information by idea content │
- │ │
- │ - use minimum-keystroke preconstructed paths to │
- │ information │
- │ │
- │ - allow users to rapidly browse information (find what │
- │ they didn't know they were looking for) <FILE56> │
- │ │
- │ - transmit knowledge by expanding understanding of the │
- │ structure of the information within the system │
- │ <FILE55 KNOWLEDGE> │
- └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
-
- These are the key advantages of hypertext (and the standards by which to
- measure various hypertext systems).
-
- At the core, hypertext systems are philosophical alternatives to relational
- databases <FILE69 DATABASES>. That is because hypertext centers on two ideas
- -- indexing information by idea content, and rapid access to such information
- regardless of the user's level of understanding.
-
- Relation approaches to information by indexing words simply does not index
- ideas. As a result, hypertext systems that index ideas are magnitudes
- faster and more useful than database approaches to information that index
- only words.
-
- As you know, relational databases presume both a knowledge of the language
- of the field and usage of set intersection techniques with the language. If
- you are unfamiliar with either, you simply can't extract information from
- the system. That's the reason why hypertext exists -- it overcomes many
- deficiencies in relational databases.
-
- For that reason, I think hypertext systems that depend on database
- methodologies (as most do <FILE69 DATABASES>) have missed the main advantages
- of hypertext, which is putting information in formats already matching the
- needs of users.
-
- Neil Larson 1/16/88 FILE23
- 44 Rincon Rd., Kensington, CA 94707
- Copyright MaxThink 1988 -- Call 415-428-0104 for permission to reprint
-