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- Clock Circuits
-
- Early boards used discrete clock crystals since there typically were only 2-4,
- but as newer boards can require more than a dozen frequencies, an integrated
- clock circuit is often used.
-
- Another option is to have the clock circuitry on-chip as with the Cirrus Logic
- CL-GD54xx series.
-
- VCLK refers to Video Clock and MCLK refers to Memory Clock.
-
-
- ICS90c61A
- Startech ST49c061
-
- 20pin mask-programmable combined video and memory frequency generator.
- Pins:
- 1 i Reference Clock Input for 14.318MHz reference crystal.
- 2 i Feature Clock Input.
- 3 i External Clock Input.
- 4 i Video Frequency Select bit 0
- 5 i Video Frequency Select bit 1
- 6 i Address Latch Enable. Set low to latch new frequency selectors.
- 7 i VGATTL. Video Frequency Select bit 2.
- 8 i FCLKSEL. If low the Feature Clock Input (pin 2) is used as the video
- clock
- 9 i Memory Frequency Select bit 0.
- 10 o Digital Ground
- 11 i Memory Frequency Select bit 1.
- 12 o Memory Clock Output.
- 14 i Memory Clock Output Enable.
- 15 i Analog Supply Voltage. Single +5V.
- 16 o Analog Ground.
- 18 i Video Clock Output Enable.
- 19 o Video Clock Output.
- 20 i Digital Supply Voltage. Single +5V.
-
- The memory clock is one of four programmed frequencies selected by pins 9 & 11
- The video clock is one of eight programmed frequencies selected by pins 4,5
- and 7, or the Feature Clock Input (pin2) if pin 8 is low.
- The programmed clocks are calculated as: (Reference clock *A)/(B*C)
- Where A is 1..127, B is 1..127 and C is 1,2 or 4.
-
- As this chip is mask programmable many versions exist:
-
- ICS90c61A -PR1 -PR2
- ST49c061 -01 -02
- Video Clk 0: REF REF
- Video Clk 1: 16.256 16.108
- Video Clk 2: 32.000 32.216
- Video Clk 3: 44.900 44.744
- Video Clk 4: 25.175 25.057
- Video Clk 5: 28.322 28.089
- Video Clk 6: 65.000 EXTRN
- Video Clk 7: 36.000 36.242
- Memory Clk 0: 40.000 41.612
- Memory Clk 1: 37.500 37.585
- Memory Clk 2: 36.000 36.242
- Memory Clk 3: 44.900 44.744
-
-
-
- ICS2494
- Startech ST49c214
- ATI 18811
-
- 20pin mask-programmable combined video and memory frequency generator.
- Pins:
- 1 i Crystal or external clock input. Usually 14.318MHz
- 2 o Crystal output.
- 3 i External Clock
- 4 i Video Frequency Select bit 0
- 5 i Video Frequency Select bit 1
- 6 i Address Latch Enable. Set high to latch new clock selectors.
- 7 i Video Frequency Select bit 2
- 8 i Video Frequency Select bit 3
- 9 i Memory Frequency Select bit 0
- 10 o Digital and Analog ground
- 11 i Memory Frequency Select bit 1
- 12 o Memory Clock Output.
- 13 i Digital Supply Voltage. Single +5V
- 14 o Digital and Analog ground
- 15 i Analog Supply Voltage. Single +5V
- 16 o Digital and Analog Ground
- 17 o Digital and Analog Ground
- 18 o Buffered Crystal Clock Output Frequency
- 19 o Video Clock Output
- 20 i Digital Supply Voltage. Single +5V
-
-
- The memory clock is one of four programmed frequencies selected by pins 9 & 11
- The video clock is one of sixteen programmed frequencies selected by pins 4,5,
- 7 and 8. Also the External Clock Input (pin 3) can be used.
- The programmed clocks are calculated as: (Reference clock *A)/(B*C)
- Where A is 1..127, B is 1..127 and C is 1,2 or 4.
-
- As this chip is mask programmable many versions exist:
-
- ICS2494 -236 -242 -231 -244 -237 -253 -256
- ST49c214 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -8
- VCLK 0: XTAL 30.000 25.175 20.000 50.350 25.175 25.175 25.175
- VCLK 1: 65.028 77.250 28.325 24.000 56.644 28.322 28.322 28.322
- VCLK 2: EXTRN EXTRN 85.000 32.000 65.000 40.000 40.000 0 ?
- VCLK 3: 36.000 80.000 44.900 40.000 72.000 65.000 32.500 0 ?
- VCLK 4: 25.175 31.500 40.000 50.000 80.000 44.900 50.000 50.000
- VCLK 5: 28.322 36.000 48.000 66.667 89.800 50.000 65.000 77.000
- VCLK 6: 24.000 75.000 50.000 80.000 63.000 130.000 38.000 36.000
- VCLK 7: 40.000 50.000 81.150 100.000 75.000 75.000 44.900 44.900
- VCLK 8: 44.900 40.000 25.175 54.000 25.175 25.175 31.500 130.000
- VCLK 9: 50.350 50.000 28.325 70.000 28.322 28.322 36.000 120.000
- VCLK A: 16.257 32.000 37.500 90.000 31.500 EXTRN 80.000 80.000
- VCLK B: 32.514 44.900 44.900 110.000 36.000 EXTRN 63.000 31.500
- VCLK C: 56.644 25.175 40.000 25.000 40.000 60.000 50.000 110.000
- VCLK D: 20.000 28.322 32.500 33.333 44.900 80.000 100.000 65.000
- VCLK E: 41.539 65.000 50.000 40.000 50.000 EXTRN 76.000 75.000
- VCLK F: 80.000 36.000 65.000 50.000 65.000 EXTRN 110.000 72.000
- MCLK 0: 32.900 36.000 36.000 16.000 40.000 32.900 70.000
- MCLK 1: 35.600 44.347 40.000 24.000 41.612 35.600 63.830
- MCLK 2: 43.900 37.500 45.000 50.000 44.744 43.900 60.000
- MCLK 3: 49.100 44.773 50.000 66.667 50.000 49.100 81.000
-
-
- ICS2494 -275 -305 -261
- ATI18811 -0 -1
- VCLK 0: 25.175 25.175 42.950 100.000
- VCLK 1: 28.322 28.322 48.770 126.000
- VCLK 2: 40.000 40.000 92.400 92.400
- VCLK 3: 0 ? 0? 36.000 36.000
- VCLK 4: 50.000 50.000 50.350 50.350
- VCLK 5: 77.000 77.000 56.640 56.640
- VCLK 6: 36.000 36.000 0? 0?
- VCLK 7: 44.900 44.900 44.900 44.900
- VCLK 8: 130.000 130.000 30.240 135.000
- VCLK 9: 120.000 120.000 32.000 32.000
- VCLK A 80.000 80.000 110.000 110.000
- VCLK B: 31.500 31.500 80.000 80.000
- VCLK C: 110,000 110.000 39.910 39.910
- VCLK D: 65.000 65.000 44.900 44.900
- VCLK E: 75.000 75.000 75.000 75.000
- VCLK F: 94.500 94.500 65.000 65.000
- MCLK 0:
- MCLK 1:
- MCLK 2:
- MCLK 3:
-
-
-
-
-
- Special version such as the OAK OTI068 and UMC UM9502 exist
-
-
-
- ICS1394
- Startech ST49c394
- Trident TCK900x
-
- 20pin mask-programmable video frequency generator.
- Pins:
- 1 i Frequency Select bit 3
- 2 i Address Latch Enable. Set high to latch new selectors.
- 3 i Digital Supply Voltage. Single +5V
- 4 i Frequency Select bit 4 or external clock input 1
- 5 i Crystal or external clock input.
- 6 o Crystal output
- 7 i External Clock Input 2
- 8 o Digital Ground
- 9 o Video Clock Output
- 12 i Analog Supply Voltage. Single +5V
- 17 o Analog Ground
- 18 i Frequency Select bit 0
- 19 i Frequency Select bit 1
- 20 i Frequency Select bit 2
-
-
- The video clock is one of 16 or 32 programmed frequencies selected by pins
- 18,19,20,1 and possibly 4. If the chip is in 16Also the External Clock Input (pin 3) can be used.
- The programmed clocks are calculated as: (Reference clock *A)/(B*C)
- Where A is 1..127, B is 1..127 and C is 1,2 or 4.
-
- As this chip is mask programmable many versions exist:
-
- ST49c394 -24 -30
- Trident: 9001 9002 9004
- VCLK 0: 25.175 14.318 25.175 25.175 25.275
- VCLK 1: 28.322 16.257 28.322 28.322 28.322
- VCLK 2: 32.514 FREQ0 44.900 44.900 44.900
- VCLK 3: 36.000 32.514 36.000 36 000 36.000
- VCLK 4: 40.000 25.175 57.272 57.272 57.272
- VCLK 5: 44.900 28.322 65.000 65.000 65.000
- VCLK 6: 65.000 24.000 50.350 50.350 50.350
- VCLK 7: 84.000 40.000 40.000 40.000 40.000
- VCLK 8: 25.175 14.318 88.000 88.000
- VCLK 9: 28.322 16.257 98.000 98.000
- VCLK A: 40.000 FREQ0 118.800 118.000
- VCLK B: 44.900 36.000 108.000 108.000
- VCLK C: 32.514 25.175 72.000
- VCLK D: 28.322 28.322 77.000
- VCLK E: 36.000 24.000 80.000
- VCLK F: 65.000 40.000 75.000
- VCLK 10: 25.175 14.318
- VCLK 11: 28.322 65.028
- VCLK 12: 32.514 FREQ0
- VCLK 13: 36.000 36.000
- VCLK 14: 40.000 25.175
- VCLK 15: 44.900 28.322
- VCLK 16: 56.000 24.000
- VCLK 17: 65.000 40.000
- VCLK 18: 25.175 44.900
- VCLK 19: 28.322 50.344
- VCLK 1A: 32.514 16.257
- VCLK 1B: 40.000 32.514
- VCLK 1C: 44.900 56.644
- VCLK 1D: 60.000 20.000
- VCLK 1E: 80.000 50.000
- VCLK 1F: 84.000 80.000
-
-
-
- IC Designs ICD2061A
- Diamond DCS2824
-
- 16 pin user programmable clock generator.
- A (typically 14.318 MHz) crystal is connected to pin 6 & 7.
- There are two input pins (CLK and DATA) for selecting one of four programmed
- clocks and for programming a new clock.
-
- Pins:
- 6 ? Reference Clock
- 7 ? Reference Clock
- ? i CLK. In programming mode this is the "clock" signal to synchronize
- the data stream from the DATA pin.
- In normal mode this is bit 0 of the clock select
- ? i DATA. In programming mode this is the data signal.
-
- Command word:
- Bit 1-7 m-2.
- 8-9 Divisor. 0: 1, 1: 2, 2: 4, 3: 8
- 11-17 n-3.
- 18-21 Clock index select.
- 22-23 Register nbr.
-
- The actual clock frequency is calculated as:
- ((((Reference Clock) * n)/m)/divisor
-
- Where n is 3..130, m is 2..129 and the divisor is (1,2,4,8)
- Typically the Reference Clock is 14.318MHz
-
- To program a clock value:
- CLK DATA
- 0 0
- 0 1
-
- 1 1 !repeat these two 6 times
- 0 1 !
-
- 0 0
- 1 0
- 0 0
- 1 0
-
- 1 ~data ! Repeat for each of 24 bits, starting with
- 0 ~data ! the least significant
- 0 data ! data is the data bit
- 1 data ! ~data is the inverse data bit
-
- 1 1
- 0 1
- 1 1
-
-
-
- Other Clock chips:
-
- MX8602 (Used on MXIC cards)
-
- ICS90c64 (Used on WD90c33 board)
-
- ICS2042ASC (Used on Compaq QVision)
-
- HM8694P (Used on HMC cards)
-