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File List | 1991-03-20 | 32.7 KB | 482 lines

Microsoft (R) Macro Assembler Version 5.10 3/20/91 22:38:53 Method 1 Page 1-1 1 PAGE ,132 2 TITLE Method 1 3 .286P ; Tell MASM 2.0 about 286 instructions 4 ;--------------------------------------------------------------: 5 ; Sample Program 1 : 6 ; : 7 ; This program switches into Protected Virtual Mode, changes : 8 ; the display attribute to reverse video, and returns to Real : 9 ; Mode to exit to DOS : 10 ; : 11 ; Once entered into a file, do the following: : 12 ; MASM SAMPLE1; : 13 ; LINK SAMPLE1; : 14 ; EXE2BIN SAMPLE1 SAMPLE1.COM : 15 ; DEL SAMPLE1.EXE : 16 ; : 17 ; WARNING: This program will "kill" a PC. I should only : 18 ; be run on an AT. : 19 ;--------------------------------------------------------------: 20 21 0000 bios_data_seg SEGMENT at 0040h 22 0067 ORG 0067h 23 0067 0000 io_rom_init dw ? ; dword variable in BIOS data segment 24 0069 0000 io_rom_seg dw ? ; used to store a dword address 25 006B bios_data_seg ENDS 26 27 descriptor STRUC 28 0000 0000 seg_limit dw 0 ; segment limit (1-65536 bytes) 29 0002 0000 base_lo_word dw 0 ; 24 bit physical address 30 0004 00 base_hi_byte db 0 ; (0 - (16M-1)) 31 0005 00 access_rights db 0 ; access rights byte 32 0006 0000 dw 0 ; reserved_386 33 0008 descriptor ENDS 34 35 = 0070 cmos_port equ 070h 36 = 009B code_seg_access equ 10011011b ;access rights byte for code seg 37 = 0093 data_seg_access equ 10010011b ;access rights byte for data seg 38 = 00DD disable_bit20 equ 11011101b ;8042 function code to de-gate A20 39 = 00DF enable_bit20 equ 11011111b ;8042 function code to gate A20 40 = 0021 inta01 equ 021h ;8259 Int Controller #1 41 = 00A1 intb01 equ 0A1h ;8259 Int Controller #2 42 = 0060 port_a equ 060h ;8042 port A 43 = 00FE shut_cmd equ 0FEh ;cmd to 8042: shut down AT 44 = 000F shut_down equ 00Fh ;CMOS shut down byte index 45 = 0064 status_port equ 064h ;8042 status port 46 = 0001 virtual_enable equ 0001h ;LSB=1: Protected Virtual Mode 47 48 49 ;; This is a "hard coded" far jump 50 jumpfar MACRO jumpfar1,jumpfar2 51 db 0EAh 52 dw (offset jumpfar1) 53 dw jumpfar2 54 ENDM Microsoft (R) Macro Assembler Version 5.10 3/20/91 22:38:53 Method 1 Page 1-2 55 56 57 SUBTTL Program entry point and data area Microsoft (R) Macro Assembler Version 5.10 3/20/91 22:38:53 Method 1 Page 1-3 Program entry point and data area 58 PAGE 59 0000 cseg SEGMENT para public 'code' 60 ASSUME cs:cseg 61 62 0100 ORG 100h 63 0100 EB 32 start: jmp short main 64 65 EVEN 66 0102 gdt LABEL DWORD 67 68 = 0000 gdt_desc EQU (($-gdt)/8)*8 + 0000000000000000b 69 0102 3000 gdt1 descriptor <gdt_leng,,,data_seg_access,> 70 0104 0000 71 0106 00 72 0107 93 73 0108 0000 74 75 = 0008 cs_code EQU (($-gdt)/8)*8 + 0000000000000000b 76 010A 0261 R gdt2 descriptor <cseg_leng,,,code_seg_access,> 77 010C 0000 78 010E 00 79 010F 9B 80 0110 0000 81 82 = 0010 cs_data EQU (($-gdt)/8)*8 + 0000000000000000b 83 0112 0261 R gdt3 descriptor <cseg_leng,,,data_seg_access,> 84 0114 0000 85 0116 00 86 0117 93 87 0118 0000 88 89 = 0018 ss_desc EQU (($-gdt)/8)*8 + 0000000000000000b 90 011A FFFF gdt4 descriptor <0FFFFh,,,data_seg_access,> 91 011C 0000 92 011E 00 93 011F 93 94 0120 0000 95 96 = 0020 ds_desc equ (($-gdt)/8)*8 + 0000000000000000b 97 0122 FFFF gdt5 descriptor <0FFFFh,,,data_seg_access,> 98 0124 0000 99 0126 00 100 0127 93 101 0128 0000 102 103 = 0028 es_desc equ (($-gdt)/8)*8 + 0000000000000000b 104 012A FFFF gdt6 descriptor <0FFFFh,,,data_seg_access,> 105 012C 0000 106 012E 00 107 012F 93 108 0130 0000 109 110 = 0030 gdt_leng EQU $-gdt Microsoft (R) Macro Assembler Version 5.10 3/20/91 22:38:53 Method 1 Page 1-4 Program entry point and data area 111 PAGE 112 ;--------------------------------------------------------------: 113 ; Format of the Segment Selector Component: : 114 ; : 115 ; +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ : 116 ; | INDEX +TI+ RPL + : 117 ; +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ : 118 ; : 119 ; TI = Table Indicator (0=GDT, 1=LDT) : 120 ; RPL = Requested Privelege Level (00 = highest; 11 = Lowest) : 121 ;--------------------------------------------------------------: 122 ; Format of the Global Descriptor Table : 123 ; .-----------+ +---> TI : 124 ; V | |++-> RPL : 125 ; GDT ==> +---------------+ | ||| : 126 ; | GDT_DESC | --+ 0000000000000000b : 127 ; +---------------+ : 128 ; | CS_CODE | 0000000000001000b : 129 ; +---------------+ : 130 ; | CS_DATA | 0000000000010000b : 131 ; +---------------+ : 132 ; | SS_DESC | 0000000000011000b : 133 ; +---------------+ : 134 ; | DS_DESC | 0000000000100000b : 135 ; +---------------+ : 136 ; | ES_DESC | 0000000000101000b : 137 ; +---------------+ : 138 ;--------------------------------------------------------------: 139 140 0132 00 i8259_1 db ? ; store for status of 8259 #1 141 0133 00 i8259_2 db ? ; store for status of 8259 #2 142 143 SUBTTL Program Main Microsoft (R) Macro Assembler Version 5.10 3/20/91 22:38:53 Method 1 Page 1-5 Program Main 144 PAGE 145 ;--------------------------------------------------------------: 146 ; MAIN : 147 ;--------------------------------------------------------------: 148 ASSUME ds:cseg 149 0134 main PROC ;ES=DS=CS 150 0134 FC cld ;forward 151 152 0135 8C CA mov dx,cs ;form 24bit address out of 153 0137 B9 0102 R mov cx,offset gdt ; CS:GDT 154 013A E8 0237 R call form_24bit_address 155 013D 89 16 0104 R mov gdt1.base_lo_word,dx ;DESC now points to gdt 156 0141 88 0E 0106 R mov gdt1.base_hi_byte,cl 157 158 0145 8C CA mov dx,cs ;form 24bit address out of 159 0147 33 C9 xor cx,cx ; CS:0000 160 0149 E8 0237 R call form_24bit_address 161 014C 89 16 010C R mov gdt2.base_lo_word,dx ;CS_CODE now points to 162 0150 88 0E 010E R mov gdt2.base_hi_byte,cl ; CSEG as a code segment 163 0154 89 16 0114 R mov gdt3.base_lo_word,dx ;CS_DATA now points to 164 0158 88 0E 0116 R mov gdt3.base_hi_byte,cl ; CSEG as a data segment 165 166 015C 8C D2 mov dx,ss ;form 24bit address out of 167 015E 33 C9 xor cx,cx ; SS:0000 168 0160 E8 0237 R call form_24bit_address 169 0163 89 16 011C R mov gdt4.base_lo_word,dx ;SS_DESC now points to 170 0167 88 0E 011E R mov gdt4.base_hi_byte,cl ; stack segment 171 172 016B 2E: 0F 01 16 0102 R lgdt DWORD PTR Cs:gdt ;Load the GDTR prot4.ASM(142): warning A4057: Illegal size for operand 173 174 0171 B4 DF mov ah,enable_bit20 ;gate address bit 20 on 175 0173 E8 0215 R call gate_a20 176 0176 0A C0 or al,al ; was the command accepted? 177 0178 74 2E jz m_10 ; go if yes 178 017A BA 0183 R mov dx,offset gate_failure ;print error msg 179 017D B4 09 mov ah,9 ; and terminate 180 017F CD 21 int 21h 181 0181 CD 20 int 20h 182 183 0183 41 64 64 72 65 73 gate_failure db "Address line A20 failed to Gate open$" 184 73 20 6C 69 6E 65 185 20 41 32 30 20 66 186 61 69 6C 65 64 20 187 74 6F 20 47 61 74 188 65 20 6F 70 65 6E 189 24 190 191 01A8 FA m_10: cli ;No interrupts 192 193 01A9 E4 21 in al,inta01 ;get status of Int Controller #1 194 01AB A2 0132 R mov i8259_1,al 195 01AE E4 A1 in al,intb01 ;get status of Int Controller #2 196 01B0 A2 0133 R mov i8259_2,al 197 Microsoft (R) Macro Assembler Version 5.10 3/20/91 22:38:53 Method 1 Page 1-6 Program Main 198 ASSUME ds:bios_data_seg 199 01B3 BA ---- R mov dx,bios_data_seg ;Real Mode Return address 200 01B6 8E DA mov ds,dx 201 01B8 8C 0E 0069 R mov io_rom_seg,cs 202 01BC C7 06 0067 R 024B R mov io_rom_init,offset real 203 204 01C2 B0 0F mov al,shut_down ;Set shutdown byte 205 01C4 E6 70 out cmos_port,al ; to shut down x05. 206 01C6 EB 00 jmp short $+2 ;I/O delay 207 01C8 B0 05 mov al,5 208 01CA E6 71 out cmos_port+1,al 209 210 01CC B8 0001 mov ax,virtual_enable ;machine status word needed to 211 01CF 0F 01 F0 lmsw ax ;switch to virtual mode 212 jumpfar m_20,cs_code ;Must purge prefetch queue 213 01D2 EA 1 db 0EAh 214 01D3 01D7 R 1 dw (offset m_20) 215 01D5 0008 1 dw cs_code 216 217 01D7 m_20: ASSUME ds:cseg ;IN VIRTUAL MODE ... 218 01D7 B8 0018 mov ax,ss_desc ;stack segment selector 219 01DA 8E D0 mov ss,ax ;user's ss+sp is not a descriptor 220 221 01DC B8 0010 mov ax,cs_data 222 01DF 8E D8 mov ds,ax ;DS = CSEG as data 223 224 01E1 C7 06 0124 R 8000 mov gdt5.base_lo_word,8000h ;use 8000 for COLOR 225 01E7 C6 06 0126 R 0B mov gdt5.base_hi_byte,0Bh 226 01EC C7 06 012C R 8000 mov gdt6.base_lo_word,8000h 227 01F2 C6 06 012E R 0B mov gdt6.base_hi_byte,0Bh 228 229 01F7 B8 0020 mov ax,ds_desc 230 01FA 8E D8 mov ds,ax 231 01FC B8 0028 mov ax,es_desc 232 01FF 8E C0 mov es,ax 233 0201 B9 07D0 mov cx,80*25 234 0204 33 F6 xor si,si 235 0206 33 FF xor di,di 236 0208 AD m_30: lodsw 237 0209 B4 65 mov ah,65h ;attribute reverse video 238 020B AB stosw 239 020C E2 FA loop m_30 240 241 020E B0 FE mov al,shut_cmd ;shutdown cmd 242 0210 E6 64 out status_port,al ;get back into REAL mode 243 0212 F4 m_40: hlt 244 0213 EB FD jmp short m_40 245 246 SUBTTL Gate A20 Microsoft (R) Macro Assembler Version 5.10 3/20/91 22:38:53 Method 1 Page 1-7 Gate A20 247 PAGE 248 ;--------------------------------------------------------------: 249 ; GATE_A20 : 250 ; This routine controls a signal which gates address bit 20. : 251 ; The gate A20 signal is an output of the 8042 slave processor.: 252 ; Address bit 20 should be gated on before entering protected : 253 ; mode. It should be gated off after entering real mode from : 254 ; protected mode. : 255 ; Input: (AH)=0DDh addr bit 20 gated off (A20 always 0) : 256 ; (AH)=0DFh addr bit 20 gated on (286 controls A20) : 257 ; Output: (AL)=0 operation successful. 8042 has accepted cmd : 258 ; (AL)=2 Failure -- 8042 unable to accept command. : 259 ;--------------------------------------------------------------: 260 0215 gate_a20 PROC 261 0215 FA cli ;disable ints while using 8042 262 0216 E8 022C R call empty_8042 ;insure 8042 input buffer empty 263 0219 75 10 jnz gate_a20_01 ;ret if 8042 unable to accept cmd 264 021B B0 D1 mov al,0D1h ;8042 command to write output port 265 021D E6 64 out status_port,al ;output cmd to 8042 266 021F E8 022C R call empty_8042 ;wait for 8042 to accept command 267 0222 75 07 jnz gate_a20_01 ;ret if 8042 unable to accept cmd 268 0224 8A C4 mov al,ah ;8042 port data 269 0226 E6 60 out port_a,al ;output port data to 8042 270 0228 E8 022C R call empty_8042 ;wait for 8042 to port data 271 022B gate_a20_01: 272 022B C3 ret 273 022C gate_a20 ENDP 274 ;--------------------------------------------------------------: 275 ; EMPTY_8042 : 276 ; This routine waits for the 8042 buffer to empty : 277 ; Input: None : 278 ; Output: (AL)=0 8042 input buffer empty (ZF=1) : 279 ; (AL)=2 Time out, 8042 buffer full (ZF=0) : 280 ;--------------------------------------------------------------: 281 022C empty_8042 PROC 282 022C 51 push cx ;save CX 283 022D 2B C9 sub cx,cx ;CX=0 will be the time out value 284 022F empty_8042_01: 285 022F E4 64 in al,status_port ;read 8042 status port 286 0231 24 02 and al,00000010b ;test input buffer full flag (D1) 287 0233 E0 FA loopnz empty_8042_01 ;loop until input buffer empty 288 ; or time out 289 0235 59 pop cx ;restore CX 290 0236 C3 ret 291 0237 empty_8042 ENDP 292 293 SUBTTL form_24bit_address Microsoft (R) Macro Assembler Version 5.10 3/20/91 22:38:53 Method 1 Page 1-8 form_24bit_address 294 PAGE 295 ;--------------------------------------------------------------: 296 ; FORM_24BIT_ADDRESS : 297 ; Input: DX has some segment : 298 ; CX has some offset : 299 ; Output: DX has base_lo_word : 300 ; CL has base_hi_byte : 301 ;--------------------------------------------------------------: 302 0237 form_24bit_address PROC 303 0237 50 push ax 304 ;DX == s15 s14 s13 s12 s11 ... s04 s03 s02 s01 s00 305 0238 C1 C2 04 rol dx,4 306 ;DX == s11 ... s04 s03 s02 s01 s00 s15 s14 s13 s12 307 023B 8B C2 mov ax,dx 308 ;AX == s11 ... s04 s03 s02 s01 s00 s15 s14 s13 s12 309 023D 80 E2 F0 and dl,0F0h 310 ;DX == s11 ... s04 s03 s02 s01 s00 0 0 0 0 311 0240 25 000F and ax,0Fh 312 ;AX == 0 ... 0 0 0 0 0 s15 s14 s13 s12 313 0243 03 D1 add dx,cx ;form_24bit_address 314 0245 8B C8 mov cx,ax ;get base_hi_byte in CL 315 0247 12 CD adc cl,ch ;carry in (CH=0) 316 0249 58 pop ax 317 024A C3 ret 318 024B form_24bit_address ENDP 319 320 SUBTTL Real Mode re-entry point. Microsoft (R) Macro Assembler Version 5.10 3/20/91 22:38:53 Method 1 Page 1-9 Real Mode re-entry point. 321 PAGE 322 ASSUME ds:cseg ;IN REAL MODE ... 323 324 024B 8C CA real: mov dx,cs 325 024D 8E DA mov ds,dx ;DS = CS 326 024F B4 DD mov ah,disable_bit20 ;gate address bit 20 on 327 0251 E8 0215 R call gate_a20 328 0254 A0 0132 R mov al,i8259_1 329 0257 E6 21 out inta01,al ;set status of Int Controller #1 330 0259 A0 0133 R mov al,i8259_2 331 025C E6 A1 out intb01,al ;set status of Int Controller #2 332 333 025E FB sti ;turn the interrupts on 334 025F CD 20 int 20h ;back to DOS 335 336 0261 main ENDP 337 = 0261 cseg_leng EQU $ 338 0261 cseg ENDS 339 END start Microsoft (R) Macro Assembler Version 5.10 3/20/91 22:38:53 Method 1 Symbols-1 Macros: N a m e Lines jumpfar . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Structures and Records: N a m e Width # fields Shift Width Mask Initial descriptor . . . . . . . . . . . 0008 0005 seg_limit . . . . . . . . . . 0000 base_lo_word . . . . . . . . . 0002 base_hi_byte . . . . . . . . . 0004 access_rights . . . . . . . . 0005 Segments and Groups: N a m e Length Align Combine Class bios_data_seg . . . . . . . . . 006B AT 0040 cseg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0261 PARA PUBLIC 'code' Symbols: N a m e Type Value Attr cmos_port . . . . . . . . . . . NUMBER 0070 code_seg_access . . . . . . . . NUMBER 009B cs_code . . . . . . . . . . . . NUMBER 0008 cs_data . . . . . . . . . . . . NUMBER 0010 cseg_leng . . . . . . . . . . . NEAR 0261 cseg data_seg_access . . . . . . . . NUMBER 0093 disable_bit20 . . . . . . . . . NUMBER 00DD ds_desc . . . . . . . . . . . . NUMBER 0020 empty_8042 . . . . . . . . . . . N PROC 022C cseg Length = 000B empty_8042_01 . . . . . . . . . L NEAR 022F cseg enable_bit20 . . . . . . . . . . NUMBER 00DF es_desc . . . . . . . . . . . . NUMBER 0028 form_24bit_address . . . . . . . N PROC 0237 cseg Length = 0014 gate_a20 . . . . . . . . . . . . N PROC 0215 cseg Length = 0017 gate_a20_01 . . . . . . . . . . L NEAR 022B cseg gate_failure . . . . . . . . . . L BYTE 0183 cseg gdt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L DWORD 0102 cseg gdt1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L QWORD 0102 cseg gdt2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L QWORD 010A cseg gdt3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L QWORD 0112 cseg gdt4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L QWORD 011A cseg gdt5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L QWORD 0122 cseg Microsoft (R) Macro Assembler Version 5.10 3/20/91 22:38:53 Method 1 Symbols-2 gdt6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L QWORD 012A cseg gdt_desc . . . . . . . . . . . . NUMBER 0000 gdt_leng . . . . . . . . . . . . NUMBER 0030 i8259_1 . . . . . . . . . . . . L BYTE 0132 cseg i8259_2 . . . . . . . . . . . . L BYTE 0133 cseg inta01 . . . . . . . . . . . . . NUMBER 0021 intb01 . . . . . . . . . . . . . NUMBER 00A1 io_rom_init . . . . . . . . . . L WORD 0067 bios_data_seg io_rom_seg . . . . . . . . . . . L WORD 0069 bios_data_seg m_10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L NEAR 01A8 cseg m_20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L NEAR 01D7 cseg m_30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L NEAR 0208 cseg m_40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L NEAR 0212 cseg main . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N PROC 0134 cseg Length = 012D port_a . . . . . . . . . . . . . NUMBER 0060 real . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L NEAR 024B cseg shut_cmd . . . . . . . . . . . . NUMBER 00FE shut_down . . . . . . . . . . . NUMBER 000F ss_desc . . . . . . . . . . . . NUMBER 0018 start . . . . . . . . . . . . . L NEAR 0100 cseg status_port . . . . . . . . . . NUMBER 0064 virtual_enable . . . . . . . . . NUMBER 0001 @Cpu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TEXT 1415 @FileName . . . . . . . . . . . TEXT prot4 @Version . . . . . . . . . . . . TEXT 510 300 Source Lines 303 Total Lines 62 Symbols 46452 Bytes symbol space free 1 Warning Errors 0 Severe Errors