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Level 1 Review Questions Counting Points Scoring Opening Bids #1 Opening Bids #2 Opening Bids #3 Responding To Opener #1 Responding To Opener #2 Responding To Opener #3 Responding To Opener #4 Responding To Opener #5 Bidding After Opposition Rebids By Opener Opening Leads Declarer Play #1 Declarer Play #2 Declarer Play #3 Defensive Play #1 Defensive Play #2 // Counting Points: Q: How many points is an Ace worth? A: 4. Q: A King? A: 3 Q: A Queen? A: 2. Q: A Jack? A: 1. // Q: How many points is a Ten worth? A: 0. But a hand with 10's and 9's is worth more than one without them, particularly in notrump contracts. Q: How many points is a void worth? A: 3. Q: How many for a doubleton? A: 1. And a singleton is worth 2 points. // [S] A Q x x J K x x x K Q x x Q: How many High Card Points ("HCP") in this hand? A: 15. A=4, K=3*2, Q=2*2, J=1. Q: How many total points? A: 16. This is tricky. The singleton is worth 2, but most people play that if you have a singleton honor, you should not count both the HCP and the distribution points. In real life, the bidding of the other players and the lay of the cards is more critical than a single point, in general. // [Erase] Q: How many combined points does a partnership need to make game in a major, in general? A: 26. Q: How many for game in a minor? A: 29. Q: How many for game in Notrump? A: 26. Q: How many points should you have to open 1NT -- (1) 12+, (2) 16-18, (3) 20+? A: 2. Most social players use the 16-18 range. Many tournament players use 15-17 and some use even lower ranges. // Scoring: Q: How many points is each trick worth when you bid Spades? A: 30. The Major suits are worth 30 points a trick. Q: Spades is one Major suit, what is the other one? A: H. Clubs and Diamonds are the minors. For purposes of bidding, the suits are ranked (from low to high): Clubs, Diamonds, Hearts, Spades, and Notrump. Q: What is the first trick bid and made (over the Book) worth in Notrump? A: 40. Subsequent tricks are worth 30 each. Q: How many tricks must you bid for game in Diamonds? A: 5. 20 points x 5 is 100. Game is 100. // Q: How many tricks must you bid for game in Hearts? A: 4. 30 x 4. Q: How many in Notrump? A: 3. You get 40 for the 1st trick and 30 for the next 2, for 100 total. Q: How many points do the defenders get for setting a bid by one trick when the contract is Hearts and declarer is not vulnerable or doubled? A: 50. Q: What is the rubber bonus for winning two games before the opponents win one? A: 700. And a 2-1 rubber earns a 500-point bonus. // Opening Bids #1: [S] A K Q J T T x x x x x x x Q: What should South bid? A: Pass. 10 points is not enough to open, even with an excellent 5-card suit. Q: If South had one more Spade and one less Heart, what should he bid? A: 2S. With 6-12 points and a good 6-card suit, open a "Weak-2". // [S] x x x x x x x A Q J x x x Q: What should South bid with this hand? A: Pass. You are too weak to open and you cannot bid a Weak-2 because 2C is an artificial bid showing a very strong hand. // Opening Bids #2: [S] K Q x x A J T x K x K x x Q: What should South bid? A: 1NT. Standard bid. // [S] K Q x x A K T x J x K x x Q: What should South bid with this hand? A: 1C. Although some people might stretch a point and open this 1NT despite no Diamond stopper, that's a good way to get into trouble. You don't have a 5-card major to bid, so you have to open in your better minor suit. // [S] A J x x x K Q x x x x x x - Q: What should South bid? A: 1S. With a minimum opener and 5+ cards in both Majors, bid Spades first. Then if partner shows a weak hand, you can rebid 2H and partner can pass or bid 2S. If the bidding goes 1H-1NT-2S, partner has to bid 3 to pick Hearts. // [S] A K Q x x J x x x x A Q x - Q: What should South bid? A: 1H. With 16+ points and 5+ in each Major, you should bid a "reverse" by bidding Hearts first, then Spades. // [Erase] [S] A K x x A K T J 9 A J x x [Bid,North] Pass Pass ??? Q: What do you bid with South's cards? A: 1C. The hand is too weak for a 2C forcing opening (unless you are playing the 19-point 2C convention). Some people would open this 2NT, but without Diamonds stopped, that is risky. // [Bid+S] 1C Pass 1D Pass ??? Q: North responds with 1D. What do you bid? A: 3NT. With 20 HCP, even if partner is at a minimum, you have enough for game. Since partner is a passed hand, you are unlikely to be missing slam by jumping to game. If partner DOES have a hand suited for slam, such as a 10-point hand with a long, nearly solid Diamond suit, she will know that you have about 20 points for your jump to 3NT and will be able to push to slam accordingly. // [Erase] [S] J J T x x K x x x A J T x [Bid,North] 1NT Pass ??? Q: What should South bid? A: 2C. This is the Stayman convention asking partner to bid his four-card major if he has one. // [Bid+S] 2C Pass 2S Pass ??? Q: What should South bid now? A: 3NT. North's 2S bid denies a 4-card Heart suit. With 10 HCP and two 10's, you can safely jump to game. [Pause] [Bid] 1NT Pass 2C Pass 2H Pass 3S Pass ??? [S] K x x A x x x K Q x x A J x x Q: On the bidding shown, how many Spades does North have? A: 4. With 5 Spades, North should bid 3S on the first round. South's bid of 2H does not deny a 4-card Spade suit, so North must bid 3S to show that Spades was his 4-card Major. Since South does not have 3 Spades, he must bid 3NT now. // Opening Bids #3: [S] A Q J 7 6 5 4 A K Q J 2 8 Q: What do you bid with South's cards? A: 2C. With any kind of semi-normal break in Spades, you have at most 4 losers with no help at all from partner. // [S] x x x x x x x x K x x x x [Bid, North] 2C Pass ??? Q: North opens 2C. What do you bid? A: 2D. Partner's 2C bid is artificial (ie: he may have no Clubs at all) and forcing, so you must bid. Your 2D bid is artificial and shows less than 8 points. // [Erase] [S] K Q J x xxxx x x x x x Q: This is the first deal of a new rubber. Your bid? A: 4S. Non-vulnerable, you can afford to go down 3 tricks doubled. With 8 trumps to the K-Q-J, you should be able to take 7 trumps. Add the 3 tricks by which you can afford to go set to the 7 you can make to get 10 tricks for a bid of 4. If you are vulnerable (ie: you've already scored a game) bid 3S. // [S] K Q J x x x x A x x x x x Q: You are not vulnerable. What do you bid with this hand? A: 1S. You have 10 HCP and 3 distribution points. This is strong enough to open on the one level. You also have a defensive trick with the AH. It's better not to preempt when you have defensive values because you might be making a "phantom sacrifice". // Responding To Opener #1: [S] A J x x x Q x x x x x x x Q: Partner opens 1H. What do you bid? A: 2H. You only have 8 total points, so there is no reason to bid anything other than a simple raise. // [S] A J x x x Q x x x x K x x Q: What do you respond to 1H now? A: 1S. With 11 points, you may have a shot at game. Show partner your points and distribution by bidding your suit. // [S] A J x x Q x x x x x x x x Q: Your response to 1H? A: 1S. You cannot raise Hearts with just 2 since North may only have 5. Your goal should be to have at least an 8-card fit, although you may sometimes have no choice but to play a 4-3 fit. (You would never intentionally play with less than a 7-card trump suit.) // [S] x x x x x A J x x x Q J x Q: What do you respond to 1H? A: 1NT. You should have 10+ points to bid on the 2 level. Q: Partner bids 2S over your 1NT. What do you bid? A: 3S. If partner has bid a "reverse" by bidding Hearts first and then Spades. A reverse requires 16+ points. Adding your points to the bottom of North's range, you don't have quite enough to jump to game. With 16-17, partner should pass your invitation to game. With 18+, she will bid game. If you had a good 9 or 10 points, you would jump straight to 4S instead of bidding 3S, since you can count enough points for game. // Responding To Opener #2: [S] K Q x x x x x x x x K x x Q: North opens 1C. What do you bid? A: 1H. When you have two 4-card majors, bid the Hearts first. Bidding Spades normally denies a 4-card Heart suit. Deduct 100 points if you bid 2C. Partner may be bidding a convenient minor with no more than 3 clubs herself. Q: North bids 1S over your 1H. What do you respond? A: Pass. Partner needs 17+ points for you to have a shot at game. With that many points, she would have made a forcing re-bid. (A forcing re-bid is one that is higher than 2 of the originally bid suit.) However, some people would bid 2S just to discourage E-W from jumping into the bidding. // [S] K x x A x x x x x K x x x Q: Partner bids a Club. Your bid? A: 1NT. You have 10 HCP, which is enough to bid on the 2 level with a good suit, but you do not have a good suit, bidding 2NT requires 13-15 points, and you need 5 Clubs to raise partner in what may be a convenient (short) minor. // [S] x K x x x A K x x x x x x Q: Partner opens 1H. What do you bid? A: 4H. With around 10 points, 4-card trump support, and a singleton or void in the other major, jump straight to game. You are almost certain to have game and you want to shut the opponents out before they find their fit in the other major. // Responding To Opener #3: [S] K x x x x x K x x x A x x Q: Partner opens 1S. Your bid? A: 3S. You don't have another suit worth mentioning on the 2 level. You have good trump support, but with only 11 points, you don't have quite enough to bid game. Make a jump raise and partner will pass with a minimum opener or she will bid on with more. // [S] A Q J x x K x x K Q x x x Q: Partner opens 1H, what do you bid? A: 2S. A jump shift is called for with a hand this strong. To make a game-forcing jump-shift, you should have a self-sustaining suit (usually a very good 6-card suit) or good trump support for partner, as in the hand shown. // [S] x x K Q x x K x x A Q x x Q: Partner opens 1S. Your bid? A: 2NT. The requirements for a jump in NT are 13-15 points, a balanced hand, and stoppers in the unbid suits - all of which you have. You might be missing a 4-4 fit in Hearts, but your Heart suit is not good enough to bid on the 2 level. If partner doesn't like NT and has 4 Hearts, she will bid them. // [S] A x x x K x x x A K x x x Q: North opens 1C. Your partnership plays "inverted minors". What do you bid? A: 2C. With inverted minors, you make a single raise with a strong hand to allow more room for bidding, and you make a jump raise with a weak hand to deprive the opponents of bidding room. // Responding To Opener #4: [S] J x x x x x x x x x x x x Q: Partner opens 1NT. Your bid? A: 2S. Your hand is worthless in NT with no sure entries to it. Partner is required to pass your weak 2S bid. // [S] A x K x x A K x x Q J T x [Bid] 1NT Pass 3S Pass ??? Q: You open 1NT and partner bids 3S. What do you bid? A: 3NT. Partner may have only 5 Spades. If she cannot stand 3NT (eg: has a 1 or 2-suited hand), she will rebid Spades or bid her other suit. // [Erase] [S] A K x K x K x x x Q x x x Q: Partner opens 1NT. Your bid? A: 4NT. With 14-17 points, you have enough for slam if North is at the top of her range. Bidding 4NT asks her to bid 6NT with a good 17 or with 18 points and to pass with less. // [S] x x x x x x A Q J T x x x [Bid,N] 1NT Pass ??? Q: Partner opens 1NT. What do you bid? A: 4C. This is Gerber Ace-Asking. Partner should have the KC as her stopper in Clubs, so you have 7 quick tricks to offer her. Despite having only 7 HCP, you are almost certain to have slam if partner has the Aces for at least 2 of the other 3 suits. // [Bid+S] 4C Pass 4S Pass ??? Q: How many Aces does partner's 4S response show? A: 2. 4D=0 or 4 Aces, 4H=1 Ace, 4NT=3 Aces. Q: What do you bid now? A: 6C. In rubber bridge, this is the safer contract. For example, partner may have Q-J-T-x in Diamonds. In NT, you can lose 2 quick tricks. In Clubs, you can ruff the second round. // Responding To Opener #5: [S] x A K x x x x K x x x x x Q: Partner opens 2S. What do you bid? A: Pass. Partner's weak-2 bid means you have a 6-1 fit, but bidding 3H with only 10 HCP may only make matters worse if partner has a singleton Heart. // [S] x x A J x x A Q x K Q x x Q: Partner opens 2S. Your bid? A: 2NT. Partner will rebid Spades with a minimum hand and bid a "feature" (ie: a protected honor) if she has one. Q: Partner responds 3H. What do you bid? A: 3NT. 4S is ok too. North's Heart feature means that you should be able to get to her hand in NT. // [S] J x x x A x x K x x x x x Q: Neither side is vulnerable. Partner opens 3H. East bids 3S. What do you bid? A: Pass. Partner's preempt has already done its job of limiting E-W's communications. West might pass and E-W miss game, or E-W might get to 6S where you have a good chance of setting them. Don't spoil the effects of North's good bid by chiming in. // [S] K x x x x Q J x x x x x Q Q: Partner opens 3S. East doubles. What do you bid? A: 6S. Your partner has already shown a hand with NO defensive values and you have no defensive values. E-W almost surely have slam. By extending partner's preempt, you shut E-W out of the bidding. The best they can do is double which is very unlikely to get them as many points as bidding and making slam. // Bidding After Opposition: [S] K Q J x x x x K x x x x Q: East opens 1H. What do you bid? A: 1S. You can overcall on the one level with very few points as long as you have a good suit. // [S] Q x x A x K Q J x x Q J x Q: East opens 1H. What do you bid? A: Dbl. With opening strength, you must double, since a simple overcall is weak and partner may pass with enough points to make game opposite this holding. // [S] K Q J x x x x x x x x x x Q: East opens 1H. What do you bid? A: 2S. Make a jump overcall with the same kind of hand that would justify a weak-2 bid. // [S] A K x x x x K Q J x x A K x Q: East opens 1H. What do you bid? A: 2H. With a very strong hand and a good suit, cue bid the opponent's suit. // [S] A J x K Q x K x x x A x x Q: East opens 1H. What do you bid? A: 1NT. With 16-18 points and a stopper in the opponent's suit and a balanced hand, overcall 1NT. // [S] x x A Q x x x K x x x x x Q: East opens 1H. What do you bid? A: Pass. Don't get excited and double. Partner will assume it is a take-out double and probably bid Spades and will also assume that you have opening strength. // Rebids By Opener: [S] A x x x K Q x Q x K x x x [Bid] 1C Pass 1H Pass ??? Q: What do you bid? A: 1S. Partner may have only 4 Hearts, so you cannot raise Hearts. // [Bid+S] 1S Pass 2H Pass ??? Q: Now what do you bid? A: Pass. Your QD is doubleton, which means it may be worthless, so you have a minimum opening hand. North must have at least 12 points for you to have game, in which case she should have bid more energetically than a simple rebid. // [S] K Q x x x A x A Q x x x x [Bid] 1S Pass 2S Pass ??? Q: What do you bid? A: 3S. Partner may have from 6 to 10 points. You have 17, counting distribution. If partner has 6-7, you don't have enough for game. If she has 8-10, you have a good shot at game, so you should put the question to her. // [S] A K Q x x K Q x x A Q x x [Bid] 1S Pass 3S Pass ??? Q: What do you bid? A: 4NT. With partner's jump raise, you have a good shot at slam - even a Grand Slam. Bidding 4NT is Blackwood, asking for Aces. Q: North responds with 5D. How many Aces does she have? A: 1. So sign off at 6S. // Opening Leads: [Erase] [W] K Q 3 2 9 8 A 6 4 2 T 9 8 [Bid] 1NT Pass 3H Pass * Q: * If South bids 3NT, what do you lead? A: 2S. Spades is the unbid major, so partner is likely to have more of them than of your 4-card minor suit. Having picked a suit, then lead 4th highest against NT unless you have 3 or more touching high cards. Q: * If South bids 4H, what do you lead? A: KS. You have to force the Ace out and make your QS good before declarer gets rid of his losing Spades. // [W] K x x x x x x Q T x x x J [Bid] 1H Pass 4H Q: What do you lead against 4H? A: JC. You don't want to lead away from a bare honor in Spades or Diamonds. Leading a trump is too passive. If you lead your singleton, you may get to ruff a Club. // [W] K 4 8 7 6 Q T 9 8 7 J T [Bid,N] 1C 1S 2H Pass 4H Q: What do you lead with the bidding shown? A: KS. With partner bidding Spades, you might even pick up a Spade ruff if she has the Ace. If she doesn't have the Ace, then you are developing her QS, which is also worthwhile. // Declarer Play #1: [N] J x x - A J x A Q T 9 x x x [E] Q T x K Q J x x x x x x x [S] A x x A 3 2 K x x x K x x [W] K x x x T x x Q T x x x x [Bid,N] 1C 3H 3NT Q: West leads the TH; a low Spade is played from dummy and East plays low. What should South play? A: AH. Ordinarily, you would want to duck a couple of rounds in order to run West out of Hearts, but in this case, you have 11 tricks off the top, so there is no point in giving up two tricks up front. As a plus, when running Clubs, it is possible that the opponents will make discards that will give you more overtricks. This is just to remind you that rules and guidelines (such as it being proper to delay playing Aces in NT) are no substitute for alertness and common sense. // [Erase] [N] K 6 3 2 J T 2 J 7 6 A J 4 [S] A 5 A Q 9 7 6 K Q 8 9 7 5 Q: West leads the KC against your 4H contract and you take the AC in dummy. Plan your play and tell us what you would lead from dummy first. A: JH. The first thing you should do is draw trumps. You must take the Heart finesse as your only hope of picking up the KH and making your bid. You could lead the 2 and finesse with the QH, but then you would have to play a side suit back to dummy to take the finesse again. It is more efficient to lead the JH, play low from South, and if it wins, then lead the TH to repeat the finesse. // Declarer Play #2: [N] A 9 8 7 [S] Q 5 4 3 Q: What should South lead to have the best chance of winning the most tricks? A: 3S. With the Ace in one hand and the Queen in the other, you cannot take a finesse by leading the Queen. You simply do not have enough high cards to win all the tricks, but you might win the Ace and Queen and if Spades split 3-2, you'll win your 4th Spade. So you must lead small to the Ace and small back to the Queen. If East has the King, your Queen will win a trick eventually. // [Erase] [N] A x x x [S] Q J T 9 Q: What should South lead from this holding? A: QS. Now you do have enough high cards to win all the tricks if the finesse works. In the previous deal, if you led the QS and West covered and you played the AS from dummy, E-W's J-T-etc are high. Given the same plays with this hand, if West covers YOUR J-T-etc are high. // [Erase] [N] Q J 2 K Q 7 9 8 5 A 8 3 2 [S] A A J 8 5 4 A Q 7 K 7 6 5 [Bid,E] 2S Dbl. Pass 3H Pass 4H West leads a low Spade to dummy's 2, East's 10, and your Ace. You draw trumps in three rounds, ending in dummy. You are faced with two Club losers and at least 1 Diamond loser (two if the finesse loses). Q: What do you play now? A: QS. East's Weak-2 bid marks him with the KS, so the "ruffing finesse" is a cinch to win. The Diamond finesse is at best 50-50. (In this case, it is likely to lose. If East has long Spades, West probably has long Diamonds.) // [Erase] [N] 7 6 5 A K 5 4 3 K 6 4 J 5 3 [S] K Q J T 9 9 8 A 5 3 Q T 9 Q: Against your 4S, West leads the KC, followed low from dummy and East. What do you play from South's hand? A: QC. You have 4 losers (AS, 3rd Diamond, A-K Clubs). Your only hope is for a 4-3 Heart split so that you can set up a discard on dummy's 5th Heart by ruffing two Hearts. However, this requires 2 entries after ruffing the first Heart: one to get back for the second ruff and one to get back to play the 5th Heart. You have one entry in the KD. You can only get another sure entry by "unblocking" (discarding) the QC. If West does not play the AC next, you will have to lead the TC towards the JC in dummy. If West plays the AC, play low from dummy and when you get back in, you can lead to the JC again. If you kept the QC, you can't get back to dummy on the 3rd round of Clubs. // Declarer Play #3: [N] A J T 5 4 3 A 5 4 2 9 8 [S] K 9 8 7 A 9 6 K Q 3 A T 6 [Bid,E] 1C 1NT Pass 3NT Q: West leads the 2C to East's KC. What should South play? A: 6C. In NT, when you only have one stopper in the opponent's suit, you should usually hold off playing it in an attempt to run the opponent's partner out of the suit. // [N] A J T 5 4 A 5 4 2 [S] K 9 8 7 A 9 6 K Q 3 Q: East continues with the QC and then the JC which you take with the Ace. West follows each time. You decide to attack Spades first by leading the 7S. West follows low. What do you play from dummy with the cards shown? A: AS. East's Clubs make her the "dangerous opponent", so you should finesse into West's hand. You take the AS first to drop the KS on the rare occasion that it is singleton, then lead back the JS to take the finesse. // Defensive Play #1: [Erase] [N] A 8 7 [W] K T 2 Q: With the cards shown, South leads the QS. What do you play? A: KS. There can be numerous exceptions made obvious by the bidding and previous plays, but in general: "play an honor on an honor". // [N] Q 8 7 [W] K 3 2 Q: South's first Spade play is to lead a small Spade towards dummy. What should West play? A: 2S. Again, you want to "play an honor on an honor". If East has the Ace, she will take dummy's Queen. You must save your King for taking South's (assumed) Jack. (If South had the Ace, he probably would have played to try to drop a singleton King before leading to the Queen.) // [W] K Q J x x x K A K x x x x [N] x x x Q J T Q x x A K x x Q: Against 4H, you lead the KS. East overtakes with the Ace and leads back a small Spade which you take with the QS. South follows to both. What do you lead now? A: JS. You want to force South to use up his trumps. There's a good chance South will take a losing trump finesse to your singleton KH, after which you lead Spades again. If Hearts originally divided West:1, North:3, East:4, South:5, South is now down to 2 and East still has 3, giving your side control of the trump suit. // Defensive Play #2: [W] Q J T 5 2 9 8 5 3 K 7 6 9 Q: Against 3NT, you lead the QS. East overtakes with the Ace and leads back a low Diamond which your King wins over South's Queen. What should you lead now? A: 6D. Barring good reason to the contrary, it's usually a good move to return your partner's lead. In this case, you could set up your Spade suit by leading it again, but with no more entries to your hand, it will do you no good. On top of that, it's possible that South has a long, running Club suit and can rip off 9 tricks if you let him in by leading another Spade. In addition, it is possible that East's Diamond lead snared South's lone stopper, so lead back Diamonds. // [Erase] [N] Q J x x K x x A x x x x x [E] A K x x A x J T x x x x x Q: Against 4H, West leads a small Spade to dummy's QS and your KS. South follows low. What should East lead? A: AH. Then the small Heart. It seems likely that South is going to try to ruff a Club in dummy. You should try to draw dummy's trumps before he can do so. You should not play your AS right away because that will make North's Q-J good for South to discard losers on. // [N] x x x [E] Q 9 3 Q: Against 3NT, West leads the 4S. What should East play? A: QS. "Third hand high." Try to force out South's honors in partner's suit. // This is the end of the Level I Review Course file. If you missed a lot of the questions, it is a good idea to go back through the entire course again. At a minimum, you should rework the areas you had the most trouble with. If you are satisfied with your results, you are ready to move on to Level 2. // [End]