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- January/February 1991, Computerized Investing
- Budgeting with a Spreadsheet
- by John Bajkowski
-
- If the thought of budgeting sends shivers up your spine and makes
- you want to hide, it may be time to rethink your position. A budget
- should not be viewed as a set of handcuffs that limits your
- spending in certain categories, or it will be doomed to fail.
- Budgeting should be used to examine spending habits. Often
- awareness of one's habits leads to spending adjustments that pro-
- vide a more satisfying use of resources.
-
- With a budget in place you can more easily examine your need for
- liquidity. A budget can pinpoint periods when you will be spending
- more than you are earning, giving you time to make sure that cash
- is available. A budget will also allow you to make a more reason-
- able estimate of the amount of money to set aside should you or
- your spouse lose your source of income.
-
- If you are implementing a budget for the first time, it is
- recommended that you first track all of your expenses for three to
- six months before you try to allocate your funds. It is best to
- avoid paying for things in cash during this period as it is
- difficult to keep track of how much is spent on what. If you need
- cash, experts recommend cashing a check and noting the purpose on
- the check.
-
- After you set up your budget elements, you should still keep track
- of your expenditures to see whether you are deviating from your
- goals. A sound budget should allow you to get a handle on your
- spending and help you save for long-term financial goals.
-
- Income data is entered in rows 1 through 29, while expense data is
- entered in rows 32 through 139. The savings(deficit) line in row
- 143 simply subtracts total expenses from total income to determine
- for any given month if you will have money left over or have to dip
- into your savings. Entering income data should be done on a pre-tax
- basis.
-
- The expense side of the worksheet allows you to enter tax
- information. For those not familiar with the FICA (Social Security)
- tax rates: In 1991 the rate is 7.65% for income up to $53,400 and
- 1.4% for income earned between $53,400 and $125,000. The tax
- programs listed on pages 12 and 13 may help you estimate your tax
- liabilities.
-
- The budget template is broken down into monthly segments, with
- columns AN and AO providing a total for the year. Two columns of
- data are used for each month: The first column stores the dollar
- amount while the second column automatically calculates the
- percentage of total income this value represents.
-
- The spreadsheet template is designed to provide very specific line
- items-- some that you may never use. You can simply ignore the
- categories that do not apply or, if you are knowledgeable about
- spreadsheet operation, you can delete the lines you do not need.
- If you delete lines, however, carefully check that the total income
- and total expenses lines are referring to the correct cells. A
- number of "other" category lines have been thrown in to allow you
- to enter items not expressly covered by the worksheet.
-
- Constructing the Spreadsheet
-
- After the labels have been entered you should enter the formulas
- necessary for the first month. The formulas in column D add up the
- totals for each category. Categories with only one data element do
- not have a subtotal calculation. The amount of $1,000 was
- intentionally entered for each category because it can be quickly
- added to check the accuracy of the formulas. Only the totals for
- income and expenses might require a calculator to check the math.
-
- The formulas in column E calculate the percentage of the total
- income each item in column D represents. Using the absolute
- reference ($) in the spreadsheet formulas, it is possible to enter
- a formula once and copy it to all the other necessary locations in
- the worksheet. In cell E4 the formula +D4/D$30 tells Lotus 1-23
- that as you copy the formula to cell E5 it should change D4 to D5
- but keep the reference to cell D30 (total income) the same. A
- dollar sign (the absolute reference sign) was placed only before
- the row indicator and not the column indicator because as we copy
- the formula from cell E4 to H4 we want the formula to reference the
- total income for the month of February in cell G30 and not that of
- January in cell D30.
-
- (c) Copyright 1991 by the
- American Association of Individual Investors