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Newsgroups: comp.sources.unix From: schemers@Slapshot.Stanford.EDU (Roland J. Schemers III) Subject: v26i278: fping - A tool to quickly ping N number of hosts, Part01/01 Sender: unix-sources-moderator@gw.home.vix.com Approved: vixie@gw.home.vix.com Submitted-By: schemers@Slapshot.Stanford.EDU (Roland J. Schemers III) Posting-Number: Volume 26, Issue 278 Archive-Name: fping/part01 #! /bin/sh # This is a shell archive. Remove anything before this line, then unpack # it by saving it into a file and typing "sh file". To overwrite existing # files, type "sh file -c". You can also feed this as standard input via # unshar, or by typing "sh <file", e.g.. If this archive is complete, you # will see the following message at the end: # "End of shell archive." # Contents: README CHANGES fping.c fping.man Makefile README.VMS # Wrapped by schemers@Slapshot.Stanford.EDU on Mon Feb 22 16:19:25 1993 PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/ucb ; export PATH if test -f 'README' -a "${1}" != "-c" ; then echo shar: Will not clobber existing file \"'README'\" else echo shar: Extracting \"'README'\" $2334 characters$ sed "s/^X//" >'README' <<'END_OF_FILE' X X fping - A tool to quickly ping N number of hosts to determine X their reachability without flooding the network. X X Roland J. Schemers III - Stanford University X schemers@Slapshot.Stanford.EDU X X fping is a ping(1) like program which uses the Internet Control X Message Protocol (ICMP) echo request to determine if a host is X up. fping is different from ping in that you can specify any X number of hosts on the command line, or specify a file containing X the lists of hosts to ping. Instead of trying one host until it X timeouts or replies, fping will send out a ping packet and move X on to the next host in a round-robin fashion. If a host replies, X it is noted and removed from the list of hosts to check. If a host X does not respond within a certain time limit and/or retry limit it X will be considered unreachable. X XSite X Stanford University has a large TCP/IP network with over 12,000 X assigned IP addresses and over 100 IP subnets. X XProblem and Issues X X With a large a number of IP addresses in use, its becomes more and X more time consuming to check on which IP addresses are actively X in use, and which critical machines (routers, bridges, servers, etc) X are reachable. One example is we have a program which goes through X all of our routers arp caches looking for IP addresses that are in X use. After finding a list of IP addresses that aren't in any arp X caches fping can then be used to see if these IP addresses really X aren't being used, or are just behind the routers. Checking 2500 X hosts (99% of which are unreachable) via ping can take hours. X XSolution X X fping was written to solve the problem of pinging N number of hosts X in an efficient manner. By sending out pings in a round-robin fashion X and checking on responses as they come in at random, a large number of X hosts can be checked at once. Checking 2500 hosts (5 packets per host, X 10 msec between ping packets) takes under 3 minutes. Also, using fping X to check 30 routers that are currently reachable takes about 420 X milliseconds (elapsed real time). X X Unlike ping, fping is meant to be used in scripts and its X output is easy to parse. END_OF_FILE if test 2334 -ne `wc -c <'README'`; then echo shar: \"'README'\" unpacked with wrong size! fi # end of 'README' fi if test -f 'CHANGES' -a "${1}" != "-c" ; then echo shar: Will not clobber existing file \"'CHANGES'\" else echo shar: Extracting \"'CHANGES'\" $2952 characters$ sed "s/^X//" >'CHANGES' <<'END_OF_FILE' X* Revision 1.20 1993/02/23 00:16:38 schemers X Xfixed syntax error (should have compiled before checking in...) X X* Revision 1.19 1993/02/23 00:15:15 schemers X Xturned off printing of "is alive" when -a is specified. X X* Revision 1.18 1992/07/28 15:16:44 schemers X Xadded a fflush(stdout) call before the summary is sent to stderr, so Xeverything shows up in the right order. X X* Revision 1.17 1992/07/23 03:29:42 schemers X* Revision 1.16 1992/07/22 19:24:37 schemers X XFixed declaration of timeval_diff. Didn't notice the problem because XI use 'cc' in stead of gcc under Ultrix. Time to switch? :-) X XModified file reaing so it would skip blank lines or lines starting Xwith a '#'. Now you can do something like: X Xfping -ad < /etc/hosts X X* Revision 1.15 1992/07/21 17:07:18 schemers X XPut in sanity checks so only root can specify "dangerous" options. XChanged usage to show switchs in alphabetical order. X* Revision 1.14 1992/07/21 16:40:52 schemers X* Revision 1.13 1992/07/17 21:02:17 schemers X XChanged the default timeout to 2500 msec, and retry to 3. This was Xdue to suggestions from people with slow (WAN) networks. The default X1 sec timeout was too fast. X X XAdded '-e' option for showing elapsed (round-trip) times on pakets, and Xmodified the -s option to include min, max, and average round-trip times, Xand over all elapsed time. X XModified action taken when a error is returned from sendto. The action Xtaken now considers the host unreachable and prints the hostname Xfollowed by the errno message. The program will not exit and will continue Xto try other hosts. X X* Revision 1.12 1992/07/17 16:38:54 schemers X* Revision 1.11 1992/07/17 16:28:38 schemers X X move socket create call so I could do a setuid(getuid()) before the X fopen call is made. Once the socket is created root privs aren't needed X to send stuff out on it. X X moved num_timeout counter. It really was for debug purposes and didn't X make sense to the general public :-) Now it is the number of timeouts X (pings that didn't get received with the time limit). X X X* Revision 1.10 1992/07/16 16:24:38 schemers X* Revision 1.9 1992/07/16 16:00:04 schemers X* Revision 1.8 1992/07/16 05:44:41 schemers X XAdded _NO_PROTO stuff for older compilers, and _POSIX_SOURCE Xfor unistd.h, and _POSIX_SOURCE for stdlib.h. Also added Xcheck for __cplusplus. X XNow compiles ok under Ultrix 3.1, and Sun4 using cc. Also compiled Xok using g++ 2.2.2. X XChanged '-a' and '-u' flags to be mutually exclusive (makes sense, since Xspecifiying both '-a' and '-u' is the same as not specifiying anything. XSince '-a' and '-u' are mutually exclusive, these options now only print Xthe hostname, and not the 'is alive' or 'is unreachable' messages. XThis makes it much easier to do stuff like: X X#!/usr/local/bin/perl X$hosts_to_backup=`cat /etc/hosts.backup|fping -a`; X XSince you don't have to strip off the 'is alive' messages. X XChanged usage to and stats to print to stderr instead of stdout. X X END_OF_FILE if test 2952 -ne `wc -c <'CHANGES'`; then echo shar: \"'CHANGES'\" unpacked with wrong size! fi # end of 'CHANGES' fi if test -f 'fping.c' -a "${1}" != "-c" ; then echo shar: Will not clobber existing file \"'fping.c'\" else echo shar: Extracting \"'fping.c'\" $23070 characters$ sed "s/^X//" >'fping.c' <<'END_OF_FILE' X/* X * fping: fast-ping, file-ping X * X * Used to send out ping requests to a list of hosts in a round robin X * fashion. X * X * X * fping has been compiled tested under the following systems: X * X * Ultrix 4.2a DECstation X * Ultrix 3.1 VAX X * NeXT 2.1 X * SunOS 4.1.1 Sparcstation (gcc and cc) X * AIX 3.1 RISC System/6000 X * X */ X X/* X *************************************************** X * X * Standard RCS Header information (see co(1)) X * X * $Author: schemers $ X * X * $Date: 1993/02/23 00:16:38 $ X * X * $Revision: 1.20 $ X * X * $Locker: schemers $ X * X * $Source: /networking/src/fping/RCS/fping.c,v $ X * X * $State: Exp $ X * X * $Log: fping.c,v $ X * Revision 1.20 1993/02/23 00:16:38 schemers X * fixed syntax error (should have compiled before checking in...) X * X * Revision 1.19 1993/02/23 00:15:15 schemers X * turned off printing of "is alive" when -a is specified. X * X * Revision 1.18 1992/07/28 15:16:44 schemers X * added a fflush(stdout) call before the summary is sent to stderr, so X * everything shows up in the right order. X * X * Revision 1.17 1992/07/23 03:29:42 schemers X * fixed declaration of timeval_diff. X * X * Revision 1.16 1992/07/22 19:24:37 schemers X * Modified file reading so it would skip blanks lines or lines starting X * with a '#'. Now you can do something like: X * X * fping -ad < /etc/hosts X * X * Revision 1.15 1992/07/21 17:07:18 schemers X * Put in sanity checks so only root can specify "dangerous" options. X * Changed usage to show switchs in alphabetical order. X * X * Revision 1.14 1992/07/21 16:40:52 schemers X * Now when sendto returns an error, the host is considered unreachable and X * and the error message (from errno) is displayed. X * X * Revision 1.13 1992/07/17 21:02:17 schemers X * changed default timeout to 2500 msec (for WANs), and default try X * to 3. This gives 10 second overall timeout. X * X * Added -e option for showing elapsed (round-trip) time on packets X * X * Modified -s option to inlude to round-trip stats X * X * Added #ifndef DEFAULT_* stuff its easier to change the defaults X * X * Reorganized main loop. X * X * cleaned up timeval stuff. removed set_timeval and timeval_expired X * since they aren't needed anymore. Just use timeval_diff. X * X * Revision 1.12 1992/07/17 16:38:54 schemers X * move socket create call so I could do a setuid(getuid()) before the X * fopen call is made. Once the socket is created root privs aren't needed X * to send stuff out on it. X * X * Revision 1.11 1992/07/17 16:28:38 schemers X * moved num_timeout counter. It really was for debug purposes and didn't X * make sense to the general public :-) Now it is the number of timeouts X * (pings that didn't get received with the time limit). X * X * Revision 1.10 1992/07/16 16:24:38 schemers X * changed usage() to use fprintf(stderr,"..."); X * X * Revision 1.9 1992/07/16 16:00:04 schemers X * Added _NO_PROTO stuff for older compilers, and _POSIX_SOURCE X * for unistd.h, and _POSIX_SOURCE for stdlib.h. Also added X * check for __cplusplus. X * X * Revision 1.8 1992/07/16 05:44:41 schemers X * changed -a and -u to only show hostname in results. This is X * for easier parsing. Also added -v flag X * X * Revision 1.7 1992/07/14 18:45:23 schemers X * initialized last_time in add_host function X * X * Revision 1.6 1992/07/14 18:32:40 schemers X * changed select to use FD_ macros X * X * Revision 1.5 1992/07/14 17:21:22 schemers X * standardized exit status codes X * X * Revision 1.4 1992/06/26 15:25:35 schemers X * changed name from rrping to fping X * X * Revision 1.3 1992/06/24 15:39:32 schemers X * added -d option for unreachable systems X * X * Revision 1.2 1992/06/23 03:01:23 schemers X * misc fixes from R.L. "Bob" Morgan X * X * Revision 1.1 1992/06/19 18:23:52 schemers X * Initial revision X * X *-------------------------------------------------- X * Copyright (c) 1992 Board of Trustees X * Leland Stanford Jr. University X *************************************************** X */ X X/* X * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted X * provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are X * duplicated in all such forms and that any documentation, X * advertising materials, and other materials related to such X * distribution and use acknowledge that the software was developed X * by Stanford University. The name of the University may not be used X * to endorse or promote products derived from this software without X * specific prior written permission. X * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR X * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED X * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. X */ X X#ifndef _NO_PROTO X#if !__STDC__ && !defined(__cplusplus) && !defined(FUNCPROTO) \ X && !defined(_POSIX_SOURCE) X#define _NO_PROTO X#endif /* __STDC__ */ X#endif /* _NO_PROTO */ X X#ifdef __cplusplus Xextern "C" { X#endif X X#include <stdio.h> X#include <errno.h> X#include <time.h> X X#ifdef _POSIX_SOURCE X#include <unistd.h> X#endif X X#ifdef __STDC__ X#include <stdlib.h> X#endif X X#include <string.h> X X#include <sys/types.h> X#include <sys/time.h> X#include <sys/socket.h> X X X#include <netinet/in_systm.h> X#include <netinet/in.h> X#include <netinet/ip.h> X#include <netinet/ip_icmp.h> X#include <arpa/inet.h> X X#include <netdb.h> X X/* RS6000 has sys/select.h */ X#ifndef FD_SET X#include <sys/select.h> X#endif X X/* externals */ X Xextern char *optarg; Xextern int optind,opterr; Xextern char *sys_errlist[]; X X X#ifdef __cplusplus X} X#endif X X/* constants */ X X#ifndef DEFAULT_INTERVAL X#define DEFAULT_INTERVAL 25 /* default time between packets (msec) */ X#endif X X#ifndef DEFAULT_TIMEOUT X#define DEFAULT_TIMEOUT 2500 /* individual host timeouts */ X#endif X X#ifndef DEFAULT_RETRY X#define DEFAULT_RETRY 3 /* number of times to retry a host */ X#endif X X X/* typedef's */ X X/* entry used to keep track of each host we are pinging */ X Xtypedef struct host_entry { X char *host; /* text description of host */ X struct sockaddr_in saddr; /* internet address */ X int i; /* index into array */ X int num_packets_sent; /* number of ping packets sent */ X struct host_entry *prev,*next; /* doubly linked list */ X struct timeval last_time; /* time of last packet sent */ X} HOST_ENTRY; X X/* globals */ X XHOST_ENTRY *rrlist=NULL; /* linked list of hosts be pinged */ XHOST_ENTRY **table=NULL; /* array of pointers to items in the list */ XHOST_ENTRY *cursor; X Xchar *prog; Xint ident; /* our pid */ Xint s; /* socket */ X Xint retry = DEFAULT_RETRY; Xint timeout = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT; Xint interval = DEFAULT_INTERVAL; X Xlong max_reply=0; Xlong min_reply=10000; Xint total_replies=0; Xdouble sum_replies=0; X Xstruct timeval timeout_timeval; Xstruct timezone tz; X Xint num_waiting=0; /* number of hosts we are pinging */ Xint num_hosts; /* total number of hosts */ X Xint num_alive=0, /* total number alive */ X num_unreachable=0, /* total number unreachable */ X num_noaddress=0; /* total number of addresses not found */ X Xint num_timeout=0, /* number of times select timed out */ X num_pingsent=0, /* total pings sent */ X num_pingreceived=0; /* total pings received */ X Xstruct timeval current_time; /* current time (pseudo) */ Xstruct timeval start_time; Xstruct timeval end_time; X X/* switches */ Xint verbose_flag,dns_flag,stats_flag,unreachable_flag,alive_flag; Xint elapsed_flag,version_flag; X Xchar *filename=NULL; /* file containing hosts to ping */ X X/* forward declarations */ X X#ifdef _NO_PROTO X Xvoid add_host(); Xvoid crash_and_burn(); Xvoid errno_crash_and_burn(); Xchar *get_host_by_address(); Xint in_cksum(); Xint recvfrom_wto (); Xvoid remove_job(); Xvoid send_ping(); Xvoid usage(); Xint wait_for_reply(); Xlong timeval_diff(); X#else X Xvoid add_host(char *host); Xvoid crash_and_burn(char *message); Xvoid errno_crash_and_burn(char *message); Xchar *get_host_by_address(struct in_addr in); Xint in_cksum(u_short *p, int n); Xint recvfrom_wto (int s, char *buf, int len, struct sockaddr *saddr, int timo); Xvoid remove_job(HOST_ENTRY *h); Xvoid send_ping(int s,HOST_ENTRY *h); Xlong timeval_diff(struct timeval *a,struct timeval *b); Xvoid usage(); Xint wait_for_reply(); X X#endif X X#ifdef _NO_PROTO Xint main(argc,argv) Xint argc; char **argv; X#else Xint main(int argc, char **argv) X#endif X{ X X int c; X X struct protoent *proto; X X /* check if we are root */ X X if (geteuid()) { X fprintf(stderr, X "This program can only be run by root, or it must be setuid root.\n"); X exit(3); X } X X if ((proto = getprotobyname("icmp")) == NULL) X crash_and_burn("icmp: unknown protocol"); X X /* create the socket here as root. Then setuid back to X the person running the program. This is so they X can't open a file that doesn't belong to them! */ X X s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, proto->p_proto); X if (s<0) errno_crash_and_burn("can't create raw socket"); X X setuid(getuid()); X X prog = argv[0]; X ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF; X X verbose_flag=1; X X opterr=0; X X while ((c = getopt(argc,argv,"edhqusavt:i:f:r:")) != EOF) X switch (c) { X case 't': if ( (timeout=atoi(optarg)) <0) usage(); break; X case 'f': filename= optarg; break; X case 'r': if ((retry=atoi(optarg))<0) usage(); break; X case 'i': if ((interval=atoi(optarg))<0) usage(); break; X case 'h': usage(); break; X case 'q': verbose_flag = 0; break; X case 'e': elapsed_flag = 1; break; X case 'd': dns_flag = 1; break; X case 's': stats_flag = 1; break; X case 'u': unreachable_flag = 1; break; X case 'a': alive_flag = 1; break; X case 'v': X printf("%s: $Revision: 1.20 $ $Date: 1993/02/23 00:16:38 $\n",argv[0]); X printf("%s: comments to schemers@Stanford.EDU\n",argv[0]); X exit(0); X default : fprintf(stderr,"Unknown flag: %s\n",argv[0]); X usage(); break; X } X X if (unreachable_flag && alive_flag) { X fprintf(stderr,"%s: specify only one of a,u\n",argv[0]); X usage(); X } X X if ( (interval<10 || retry >20 || timeout <250) && getuid()) { X fprintf(stderr,"%s: these options are too risky for mere mortals.\n",prog); X fprintf(stderr,"%s: You need i >=10, retry < 20, and t >= 250\n",prog); X exit(3); X } X X if (alive_flag || unreachable_flag) verbose_flag=0; X X argv = &argv[optind]; X if (*argv && filename) { usage(); } X if (!*argv && !filename) { filename = "-"; } X X if (*argv) while (*argv) { X add_host(*argv); X ++argv; X } else if (filename) { X FILE *ping_file; X char line[132]; X char host[132],*p; X if (strcmp(filename,"-")==0) { X ping_file=fdopen(0,"r"); X } else { X ping_file=fopen(filename,"r"); X } X if (!ping_file) errno_crash_and_burn("fopen"); X while(fgets(line,132,ping_file)) { X sscanf(line,"%s",host); X if ((!*host) || (host[0]=='#')) /* magic to avoid comments */ X continue; X p=(char*)malloc(strlen(host)+1); X if (!p) crash_and_burn("can't malloc host"); X strcpy(p,host); X add_host(p); X } X fclose(ping_file); X } else usage(); X X if (!num_hosts) exit(2); X X /* allocate array to hold outstanding ping requests */ X X table = (HOST_ENTRY **) malloc(sizeof(HOST_ENTRY *)*num_hosts); X if (!table) crash_and_burn("Can't malloc array of hosts"); X X cursor=rrlist; X X for( num_waiting=0; num_waiting < num_hosts; num_waiting++ ) { X table[num_waiting]=cursor; X cursor->i = num_waiting; X cursor=cursor->next; X } X X gettimeofday(&start_time,&tz); X cursor=rrlist; X while (num_waiting) { /* while pings are outstanding */ X if ( (timeval_diff(¤t_time,&cursor->last_time)> timeout) || X cursor->num_packets_sent==0) { X if (cursor->num_packets_sent>0) num_timeout++; X if (cursor->num_packets_sent == retry+1) { X if(verbose_flag || unreachable_flag) { X if (dns_flag) printf("%s", X get_host_by_address(cursor->saddr.sin_addr)); X else printf("%s",cursor->host); X if (verbose_flag) printf(" is unreachable"); X printf("\n"); X } X num_unreachable++; X remove_job(cursor); X } else send_ping(s,cursor); X } X while(wait_for_reply() && num_waiting) { /* call wfr until we timeout */ X /* wait! */ X } X gettimeofday(¤t_time,&tz); X if (cursor) cursor = cursor->next; X } X X gettimeofday(&end_time,&tz); X X if (stats_flag) { X fflush(stdout); X fprintf(stderr,"\n"); X fprintf(stderr," %8d hosts\n",num_hosts); X fprintf(stderr," %8d alive\n",num_alive); X fprintf(stderr," %8d unreachable\n",num_unreachable); X fprintf(stderr," %8d unknown addresses\n",num_noaddress); X fprintf(stderr,"\n"); X fprintf(stderr," %8d timeouts (waiting for response)\n",num_timeout); X fprintf(stderr," %8d pings sent\n",num_pingsent); X fprintf(stderr," %8d pings received\n",num_pingreceived); X fprintf(stderr,"\n"); X Xif (total_replies==0) { X min_reply=0; max_reply=0; total_replies=1; sum_replies=0; X} X X fprintf(stderr," %8d msec (min round trip time)\n",min_reply); X fprintf(stderr," %8d msec (avg round trip time)\n",(int)sum_replies/total_replies); X fprintf(stderr," %8d msec (max round trip time)\n",max_reply); X fprintf(stderr," %8.3f sec (elapsed real time)\n", X timeval_diff( &end_time,&start_time)/1000.0); X fprintf(stderr,"\n"); X X } X X if (num_noaddress) exit(2); X else if (num_alive != num_hosts) exit(1); X X exit(0); X X} X X X/* X * X * Compose and transmit an ICMP_ECHO REQUEST packet. The IP packet X * will be added on by the kernel. The ID field is our UNIX process ID, X * and the sequence number is an index into an array of outstanding X * ping requests. The sequence number will later be used to quickly X * figure out who the ping reply came from. X * X */ X X#ifdef _NO_PROTO Xvoid send_ping(s,h) Xint s; HOST_ENTRY *h; X#else Xvoid send_ping(int s,HOST_ENTRY *h) X#endif X{ X static char buffer[32]; X struct icmp *icp = (struct icmp *) buffer; X int n,len; X X gettimeofday(&h->last_time,&tz); X X icp->icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO; X icp->icmp_code = 0; X icp->icmp_cksum = 0; X icp->icmp_seq = h->i; X icp->icmp_id = ident; X#define SIZE_ICMP_HDR 8 X#define SIZE_PACK_SENT (sizeof(h->num_packets_sent)) X#define SIZE_LAST_TIME (sizeof(h->last_time)) X X bcopy(&h->last_time,&buffer[SIZE_ICMP_HDR],SIZE_LAST_TIME); X bcopy(&h->num_packets_sent, X &buffer[SIZE_ICMP_HDR+SIZE_LAST_TIME], SIZE_PACK_SENT); X X len = SIZE_ICMP_HDR+SIZE_LAST_TIME+SIZE_PACK_SENT; X X icp->icmp_cksum = in_cksum( (u_short *)icp, len ); X X n = sendto( s, buffer, len, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&h->saddr, X sizeof(struct sockaddr_in) ); X if( n < 0 || n != len ) { X if (verbose_flag || unreachable_flag) { X if (dns_flag) printf("%s",get_host_by_address(h->saddr.sin_addr)); X else printf("%s",cursor->host); X if (verbose_flag) printf(" error while sending ping: %s\n", X sys_errlist[errno]); X printf("\n"); X } X num_unreachable++; X remove_job(h); X } else { X h->num_packets_sent++; X num_pingsent++; X } X X} X X#ifdef _NO_PROTO Xint wait_for_reply() X#else Xint wait_for_reply() X#endif X{ Xint result; Xstatic char buffer[4096]; Xstruct sockaddr_in response_addr; Xstruct ip *ip; Xint hlen; Xstruct icmp *icp; Xint n; XHOST_ENTRY *h; X Xlong this_reply; Xint the_index; Xstruct timeval sent_time; X X X result=recvfrom_wto(s,buffer,4096, X (struct sockaddr *)&response_addr,interval); X X if (result<0) { return 0; } /* timeout */ X X ip = (struct ip *) buffer; X hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2; X if (result < hlen+ICMP_MINLEN) { return(1); /* too short */ } X X icp = (struct icmp *)(buffer + hlen); X X if ( X ( icp->icmp_type != ICMP_ECHOREPLY ) || X ( icp->icmp_id != ident ) X ) { X return 1; /* packet received, but not the one we are looking for! */ X } X X num_pingreceived++; X X if ( ( icp->icmp_seq >= num_hosts ) || X ( !table[icp->icmp_seq] ) || X ( table[icp->icmp_seq]->saddr.sin_addr.s_addr X != response_addr.sin_addr.s_addr)) { X return 1; /* packet received, don't about it anymore */ X } X X n=icp->icmp_seq; X h=table[n]; X X gettimeofday(¤t_time,&tz); X bcopy(&icp->icmp_data[0],&sent_time,sizeof(sent_time)); X bcopy(&icp->icmp_data[SIZE_LAST_TIME],&the_index, sizeof(the_index)); X this_reply = timeval_diff(¤t_time,&sent_time); X if (this_reply>max_reply) max_reply=this_reply; X if (this_reply<min_reply) min_reply=this_reply; X sum_replies += this_reply; X total_replies++; X X if(verbose_flag||alive_flag) { X if (dns_flag) printf("%s",get_host_by_address(response_addr.sin_addr)); X else printf("%s",h->host); X if (verbose_flag) printf(" is alive"); X if (elapsed_flag) printf(" (%d msec)",this_reply); X printf("\n"); X } X num_alive++; X remove_job(h); /* remove job */ X return num_waiting; X} X X/* X * Checksum routine for Internet Protocol family headers (C Version) X * From ping examples in W.Richard Stevens "UNIX NETWORK PROGRAMMING" book. X */ X X#ifdef _NO_PROTO Xint in_cksum(p,n) Xu_short *p; int n; X#else Xint in_cksum(u_short *p, int n) X#endif X{ X register u_short answer; X register long sum = 0; X u_short odd_byte = 0; X X while( n > 1 ) { sum += *p++; n -= 2; } X X /* mop up an odd byte, if necessary */ X if( n == 1 ) { X *(u_char *)(&odd_byte) = *(u_char *)p; X sum += odd_byte; X } X X sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff); /* add hi 16 to low 16 */ X sum += (sum >> 16); /* add carry */ X answer = ~sum; /* ones-complement, truncate*/ X return (answer); X} X X X/* add host to linked list of hosts to be pinged */ X/* assume memory for *host is ours!!! */ X X#ifdef _NO_PROTO Xvoid add_host(host) Xchar *host; X#else Xvoid add_host(char *host) X#endif X{ X HOST_ENTRY *p; X struct hostent *host_ent; X struct in_addr *host_add; X X u_long ipaddress = inet_addr(host); X X if ( (ipaddress == -1) && X ( ((host_ent=gethostbyname(host)) == 0) || X ((host_add = (struct in_addr *) *(host_ent->h_addr_list))==0)) X ) { X if (verbose_flag) fprintf(stderr,"%s address not found\n",host); X num_noaddress++; X return; X } X X p = (HOST_ENTRY *) malloc(sizeof(HOST_ENTRY)); X if (!p) crash_and_burn("can't allocate HOST_ENTRY"); X X p->host=host; X p->num_packets_sent = 0; X p->last_time.tv_sec =0; X p->last_time.tv_usec =0; X X bzero((char*) &p->saddr, sizeof(p->saddr)); X p->saddr.sin_family = AF_INET; X X if (ipaddress==-1) p->saddr.sin_addr = *host_add; X else p->saddr.sin_addr.s_addr = ipaddress; X X if (!rrlist) { X rrlist = p; X p->next = p; X p->prev = p; X } else { X p->next = rrlist; X p->prev = rrlist->prev; X p->prev->next = p; X p->next->prev = p; X rrlist = p; X } X num_hosts++; X} X X#ifdef _NO_PROTO Xvoid remove_job(h) XHOST_ENTRY *h; X#else Xvoid remove_job(HOST_ENTRY *h) X#endif X{ X X table[h->i]=NULL; X --num_waiting; X X if (num_waiting) { /* remove us from list of jobs */ X h->prev->next = h->next; X h->next->prev = h->prev; X if (h==cursor) { cursor = h-> next; } X } else { X cursor=NULL; X rrlist=NULL; X } X X} X X#ifdef _NO_PROTO Xchar *get_host_by_address(in) Xstruct in_addr in; X#else Xchar *get_host_by_address(struct in_addr in) X#endif X{ X struct hostent *h; X h=gethostbyaddr((char *) &in,sizeof(struct in_addr),AF_INET); X if (h==NULL || h->h_name==NULL) return inet_ntoa(in); X else return h->h_name; X} X X X#ifdef _NO_PROTO Xvoid crash_and_burn(message) Xchar *message; X#else Xvoid crash_and_burn(char *message) X#endif X{ X if (verbose_flag) fprintf(stderr,"%s: %s\n",prog,message); X exit(4); X} X X#ifdef _NO_PROTO Xvoid errno_crash_and_burn(message) Xchar *message; X#else Xvoid errno_crash_and_burn(char *message) X#endif X{ X if (verbose_flag) X fprintf(stderr,"%s: %s : %s\n",prog,message,sys_errlist[errno]); X exit(4); X} X X#ifdef _NO_PROTO Xlong timeval_diff(a,b) Xstruct timeval *a,*b; X#else Xlong timeval_diff(struct timeval *a,struct timeval *b) X#endif X{ Xdouble temp; X Xtemp = X (((a->tv_sec*1000000)+ a->tv_usec) - X ((b->tv_sec*1000000)+ b->tv_usec))/1000; X Xreturn (long) temp; X X} X X/* X * recvfrom_wto: receive with timeout X * returns length of data read or -1 if timeout X * crash_and_burn on any other errrors X * X */ X X X#ifdef _NO_PROTO Xint recvfrom_wto (s,buf,len, saddr, timo) Xint s; char *buf; int len; struct sockaddr *saddr; int timo; X#else Xint recvfrom_wto (int s, char *buf, int len, struct sockaddr *saddr, int timo) X#endif X{ X int nfound,slen,n; X struct timeval to; X fd_set readset,writeset; X X to.tv_sec = timo/1000; X to.tv_usec = (timo - (to.tv_sec*1000))*1000; X X FD_ZERO(&readset); X FD_ZERO(&writeset); X FD_SET(s,&readset); X nfound = select(s+1,&readset,&writeset,NULL,&to); X if (nfound<0) errno_crash_and_burn("select"); X if (nfound==0) return -1; /* timeout */ X slen=sizeof(struct sockaddr); X n=recvfrom(s,buf,len,0,saddr,&slen); X if (n<0) errno_crash_and_burn("recvfrom"); X return n; X} X X#ifdef _NO_PROTO Xvoid usage() X#else Xvoid usage() X#endif X{ X fprintf(stderr,"\n"); X fprintf(stderr,"Usage: %s [options] [systems...]\n",prog); X fprintf(stderr," -a show systems that are alive\n"); X fprintf(stderr," -d use dns to lookup address for return ping packet\n"); X fprintf(stderr," -e show elapsed time on return packets\n"); X fprintf(stderr," -f file read list of systems from a file ( - means stdin)\n"); X fprintf(stderr," -i n interval (between ping packets) in milliseconds (default %d)\n",interval); X fprintf(stderr," -q quiet (don't show per host results)\n"); X fprintf(stderr," -r n retry limit (default %d)\n",retry); X fprintf(stderr," -s dump final stats\n"); X fprintf(stderr," -t n individual host timeout in milliseconds (default %d)\n",timeout); X fprintf(stderr," -u show systems that are unreachable\n"); X fprintf(stderr," -v show version\n"); X fprintf(stderr," systems list of systems to check (if no -f specified)\n"); X fprintf(stderr,"\n"); X exit(3); X} END_OF_FILE if test 23070 -ne `wc -c <'fping.c'`; then echo shar: \"'fping.c'\" unpacked with wrong size! fi # end of 'fping.c' fi if test -f 'fping.man' -a "${1}" != "-c" ; then echo shar: Will not clobber existing file \"'fping.man'\" else echo shar: Extracting \"'fping.man'\" $3896 characters$ sed "s/^X//" >'fping.man' <<'END_OF_FILE' X.TH fping l X.SH NAME Xfping \- send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts X.SH SYNOPSIS X.B fping X[ \fIoptions\fR ] X[ \fIsystems...\fR ] X X.SH DESCRIPTION X.NXR "fping command" X.NXR "ICMP ECHO_REQUEST" X X X.B fping Xis a X.MS ping 8 Xlike program which uses the Internet Control XMessage Protocol (ICMP) echo request to determine if a host is Xup. X.B fping Xis different from ping in that you can specify any Xnumber of hosts on the command line, or specify a file containing Xthe lists of hosts to ping. Instead of trying one host until it Xtimeouts or replies, X.B fping Xwill send out a ping packet and move Xon to the next host in a round-robin fashion. If a host replies, Xit is noted and removed from the list of hosts to check. If a host Xdoes not respond within a certain time limit and/or retry limit it Xwill be considered unreachable. X.PP XUnlike X.MS ping 8 X, X.B fping Xis meant to be used in scripts and its output is easy to parse. X.SH OPTIONS X.IP \fB-a\fR 5 XShow systems that are alive. X.IP \fB-d\fR 5 XUse DNS to lookup address of return ping packet. This allows you to give Xfping a list of IP addresses as input and print hostnames in the output. X.IP \fB-e\fR 5 XShow elapsed (round-trip) time of packets X.IP \fB-f\fR 5 XRead list of system from a file. X.IP \fB-i\fIn\fR 5 XThe minimum amount of time (in milliseconds) between sending a ping packet to any host (default is 25). X.IP \fB-q\fR 5 XQuiet. Don't show per host results, just set final exit status. X.IP \fB-r\fIn\fR 5 XRetry limit (default 3). This is the number of times an attempt at pinging Xa host will be made, not including the first try. X.IP \fB-s\fR 5 XDump final statistics. X.IP \fB-t\fIn\fR 5 XIndividual host timeout in milliseconds (default 2500). This is the Xminimum number of milliseconds between ping packets directed towards a given Xhost. X.IP \fB-u\fR 5 XShow systems that are unreachable. X.B fping Xa list of IP addresses as input and have the results printed as hostnames. X.SH EXAMPLES XThe following perl script will check a list of hosts and send mail if Xany are unreachable. It uses the open2 function which allows a program Xto be opened for reading and writing. fping does not start pinging the Xlist of systems until it reads EOF, which it gets after INPUT is closed. XSure the open2 usage is not need in this example, but its a good open2 Xexample none the less. X.nf X X#!/usr/local/bin/perl Xrequire 'open2.pl'; X X$MAILTO = "root"; X X$pid = &open2("OUTPUT","INPUT","/usr/local/bin/fping -u"); X X@check=("slapshot","foo","foobar"); X Xforeach(@check) { print INPUT "$_\\n"; } Xclose(INPUT); X@output=<OUTPUT>; X Xif ($#output != -1) { X chop($date=`date`); X open(MAIL,"|mail -s 'unreachable systems' $MAILTO"); X print MAIL "\\nThe following systems are unreachable as of: $date\\n\\n"; X print MAIL @output; X close MAIL; X} X X.ni XAnother good example is when you want to perform an action only on hosts Xthat are currently reachable. X.nf X X#!/usr/local/bin/perl X X$hosts_to_backup = `cat /etc/hosts.backup | fping -a`; X Xforeach $host (split(/\\n/,$hosts_to_backup)) { X # do it X} X X.ni X X.SH AUTHOR XRoland J. Schemers III, Stanford University X.SH DIAGNOSTICS XExit status is 0 if all the hosts are reachable, 1 if some hosts were Xunreachable, 2 if any IP addresses were not found, 3 for invalid Xcommand line arguments, and 4 for a system call failure. X.SH BUGS XHa! If there were any I knew of I would have fixed them! X.SH RESTRICTIONS XIf certain options are used (i.e, a low value for -i and -t, and a Xhigh value for -r) it is possible to flood the network. This program Xmust be installed as setuid root in order to open up a raw socket, Xor must be run by root. In order to stop mere mortals from hosing the Xnetwork (when fping is installed setuid root) , normal users can't specify Xthe following: X.nf X X -i n where n < 10 msec X -r n where n > 20 X -t n where n < 250 msec X X.ni X.SH SEE ALSO Xnetstat(1), ping(8), ifconfig(8c) X END_OF_FILE if test 3896 -ne `wc -c <'fping.man'`; then echo shar: \"'fping.man'\" unpacked with wrong size! fi # end of 'fping.man' fi if test -f 'Makefile' -a "${1}" != "-c" ; then echo shar: Will not clobber existing file \"'Makefile'\" else echo shar: Extracting \"'Makefile'\" $1077 characters$ sed "s/^X//" >'Makefile' <<'END_OF_FILE' X XPROG= fping XOBJS= fping.o XSRC= fping.c XBIN= /usr/local/bin XMAN= /usr/man/manl XMANSRC= fping.man XMANDST= fping.l X X# X# Interval is the minimum amount of time between sending a ping packet to X# any host. X# X# Timeout is the minimum amount of time between sending a ping packet to X# a particular host. X# X# Retry is the number of ping packets to send to a host before giving up. X# X XDEFAULTS= -DDEFAULT_INTERVAL=25 \ X -DDEFAULT_TIMEOUT=2500 \ X -DDEFAULT_RETRY=3 X# X# some systems need the following: X# X#LIBS= -lsocket X XLIBS= X Xall: $(PROG) X X$(PROG) : $(OBJS) X $(CC) $(OBJS) -o $(PROG) $(LIBS) X X$(OBJS) : $(SRC) X $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $(DEFAULTS) $(SRC) X X# if you don't have install type: X# cp $(PROG) /usr/local/bin X# chown root /usr/local/bin/$(PROG) X# chmod 4555 /usr/local/bin/$(PROG) X# strip /usr/local/bin/$(PROG) X# X Xinstall: X install -c -m 4555 -o root -s $(PROG) $(BIN)/$(PROG) X install -c -m 0444 -o root $(MANSRC) $(MAN)/$(MANDST) X Xclean: X rm -f a.out core *~ *.o $(PROG) X Xshar: X shar README CHANGES fping.c fping.man Makefile README.VMS > fping.shar END_OF_FILE if test 1077 -ne `wc -c <'Makefile'`; then echo shar: \"'Makefile'\" unpacked with wrong size! fi # end of 'Makefile' fi if test -f 'README.VMS' -a "${1}" != "-c" ; then echo shar: Will not clobber existing file \"'README.VMS'\" else echo shar: Extracting \"'README.VMS'\" $5510 characters$ sed "s/^X//" >'README.VMS' <<'END_OF_FILE' XFrom <@jessica.stanford.edu:IVERSEN@VSFYS1.FI.UIB.NO> Mon Jul 27 08:54:26 1992 XReceived: from Argus.Stanford.EDU by jessica.stanford.edu (5.59/25-eef) id AA28695; Mon, 27 Jul 92 08:54:22 PDT XReceived: from vsfys1.fi.uib.no by Argus.Stanford.EDU (5.65/inc-1.0) X id AA28942; Mon, 27 Jul 92 08:54:19 -0700 XDate: Mon, 27 Jul 1992 17:54:17 +0200 XFrom: IVERSEN@VSFYS1.FI.UIB.NO (Per Steinar Iversen, Dept. of Physics, Univ. of Bergen, Norway, phone +47-5-212770) XMessage-Id: <920727175417.21e004ce@VSFYS1.FI.UIB.NO> XSubject: FPING under VMS XTo: schemers@Stanford.EDU XX-Vmsmail-To: SMTP%"schemers@Stanford.EDU" XStatus: OR X XHello, X XI rather liked your recently posted fping, and I decided to port it to VMS, Xunder MultiNet TCP/IP 3.0H and VAXC 3.2. Only some very minor modifications are Xnecessary to run it under VMS 5.5: X X1) The 2 following lines must be put onto one single line, otherwise VAXC Xcomplains: X X#if !__STDC__ && !defined(__cplusplus) && !defined(FUNCPROTO) \ X && !defined(_POSIX_SOURCE) X Xgoes to: X X#if !__STDC__ && !defined(__cplusplus) && !defined(FUNCPROTO) && !defined(_POSIX_SOURCE) X X2) The single following line must be changed: X Xextern char *sys_errlist[]; X Xto: X X#ifndef VMS Xextern char *sys_errlist[]; X#else Xextern noshare char *sys_errlist[]; X#endif X X3) VMS runs privileged programs in a different manner from UNIX. geteuid is X"supported" by VAXC but the result is not really meaningful. X XThese lines are thus Unix specific: X X /* check if we are root */ X X#ifndef VMS X if (geteuid()) { X fprintf(stderr, X "This program can only be run by root, or it must be setuid root.\n"); X exit(3); X } X#endif X X4) VAXC does not support getopt. I got my copies of getopt, index and rindex Xfrom a fileserver with bsd-sources, using anonymous FTP. These routines Xcompiled without complaints and works fine under VAXC 3.2 at least. X X5) The VMS concept of exit codes is different from the Unix version. After some Xthought I decided to short circuit the VAXC attempt of translating the Unix Xreturn codes into VMS style return codes. My version of FPING always returns X"exit(1)", which is VMS success. However the FPING status codes are put into a XVMS symbol, FPING_STATUS. It is thus very easy to use the FPING return status Xcodes for further action if needed. X XThe line at the end of main in FPING, "return 0;", must be changed to X"exit(0);" for VMS, this should be OK for Unix too? X XA small routine is needed to handle the translation, it will probably not Xget any rewards for nice C-code (I usually program in Fortran), and it was Xlargely created by copying an example from the VAXC manuals: X X/* VMS-EXIT.C */ X#include <ssdef> X#include <stdio> X#include <descrip> X Xint LIB$SET_SYMBOL(); X Xvms_exit (ecode) Xint ecode; X{ X int status = 1; X static $DESCRIPTOR(fping_name, "FPING_STATUS"); X static $DESCRIPTOR(fping_exit_0,"0"); X static $DESCRIPTOR(fping_exit_1,"1"); X static $DESCRIPTOR(fping_exit_2,"2"); X static $DESCRIPTOR(fping_exit_3,"3"); X static $DESCRIPTOR(fping_exit_4,"4"); X static $DESCRIPTOR(fping_exit_5,"5"); X X switch(ecode) { X case 0 : X status = LIB$SET_SYMBOL(&fping_name,&fping_exit_0); X break; X case 1 : X status = LIB$SET_SYMBOL(&fping_name,&fping_exit_1); X break; X case 2 : X status = LIB$SET_SYMBOL(&fping_name,&fping_exit_2); X break; X case 3 : X status = LIB$SET_SYMBOL(&fping_name,&fping_exit_3); X break; X case 4 : X status = LIB$SET_SYMBOL(&fping_name,&fping_exit_4); X break; X default: X status = LIB$SET_SYMBOL(&fping_name,&fping_exit_5); X break; X } X X exit(1); X X} X X X6) The following command file (script) was used to compile and link under VMS: X X$! VMS-CC-MAKE.COM X$! X$! This compile+link procedure has been tested with VAXC 3.2 and X$! MultiNet 3.0H. X$! X$! NOTE: getopt, index, and rindex are not part of VAXC, however the BSD X$! versions works fine. They should be available by anonymous FTP X$! from a number of fileservers. X$! X$ define/user arpa multinet_root:[multinet.include.arpa] X$ define/user netinet multinet_root:[multinet.include.netinet] X$ define/user sys multinet_root:[multinet.include.sys],sys$library X$ cc /nolist /define="exit=vms_exit" fping.c X$ cc /nolist vms-exit.c X$ cc /nolist getopt.c X$ cc /nolist index.c X$ cc /nolist rindex.c X$ link /nomap/notrace fping,vms-exit,getopt,index,rindex,sys$input/opt Xmultinet:multinet_socket_library/share Xsys$share:vaxcrtl/share X$ delete fping.obj.*,vms-exit.obj.*,getopt.obj.*,index.obj.*,rindex.obj.* X$ purge fping.exe X$ fping :== $'f$environment("default")'fping X X7) Piping files into fping is not available under VMS, but the "f" option does Xthe same job. X X8) fping must be installed with privileges if it is to be used by Xnon-privileged users under VMS. X XThe question then is, does it work? Well, as far I can see the answer is yes! XHere are some examples of output: X X$ fping xxx Xxxx address not found X$ show symbol fping_status X FPING_STATUS = "2" X$ fping vxcrna.cern.ch Xvxcrna.cern.ch is alive X$ show symbol fping_status X FPING_STATUS = "0" X$ fping -de vxcrna.cern.ch Xvxcrna.cern.ch is alive (320 msec) X$ show symbol fping_status X FPING_STATUS = "0" X$ fping -v Xvsfys5$dkb100:[scratch.iversen]fping.exe;7: $Revision: 1.17 $ $Date: 1992/07/23 03:29:42 $ Xvsfys5$dkb100:[scratch.iversen]fping.exe;7: comments to schemers@Stanford.EDU X XRegards, Per (iversen@vsfys1.fi.uib.no) X END_OF_FILE if test 5510 -ne `wc -c <'README.VMS'`; then echo shar: \"'README.VMS'\" unpacked with wrong size! fi # end of 'README.VMS' fi echo shar: End of shell archive. exit 0