Source Code 1994 March/Source_Code_CD-ROM_Walnut_Creek_March_1994.iso/compsrcs/misc/volume38/lout/part28

Text File | 1993-08-11 | 73.7 KB | 1,931 lines

Newsgroups: comp.sources.misc
From: [e-mail] (Jeff Kingston)
Subject: v38i096:  lout - Lout document formatting system, v2.05, Part28/35
Message-ID: <[e-mail]>
X-Md4-Signature: fd1a7f87733ff0c261b01a1b047bb771
Sender: [e-mail] (Kent Landfield)
Organization: Sterling Software
Date: Tue, 10 Aug 1993 13:22:06 GMT
Approved: [e-mail]

Submitted-by: [e-mail] (Jeff Kingston)
Posting-number: Volume 38, Issue 96
Archive-name: lout/part28
Environment: UNIX
Supersedes: lout: Volume 37, Issue 99-128

#! /bin/sh
# This is a shell archive.  Remove anything before this line, then feed it
# into a shell via "sh file" or similar.  To overwrite existing files,
# type "sh file -c".
# Contents:  doc/tr.fig/s5 doc/tr.lout/ch1.04 doc/tr.lout/ch2.06
#   doc/tr.lout/ch4.03 doc/tr.lout/ch4.04 font/Symbo.AFM z27.c
# Wrapped by kent@sparky on Sun Aug  8 12:29:32 1993
PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/ucb:/usr/local/bin:/usr/lbin ; export PATH
echo If this archive is complete, you will see the following message:
echo '          "shar: End of archive 28 (of 35)."'
if test -f 'doc/tr.fig/s5' -a "${1}" != "-c" ; then
  echo shar: Will not clobber existing file \"'doc/tr.fig/s5'\"
else
  echo shar: Extracting \"'doc/tr.fig/s5'\" \(9154 characters\)
  sed "s/^X//" >'doc/tr.fig/s5' <<'END_OF_FILE'
X@Section
X   @Title { Lengths, angles, and points }
X@Begin
X@PP
XWe already know that two lengths placed side by side define a point.  This is
Xonly the simplest of a number of such geometrical combinations.
X@PP
XThe symbol @Code "@Distance" returns the length of the line joining two
Xpoints:
X@ID @Code "{0 0} @Distance {3 cm  4 cm}"
Xis equivalent to the length {@Code "5 cm"}.  The result of @Code "@Distance"
Xis never negative.  Notice that braces must enclose the two points.  The
Xsymbol @Code "@XDistance" returns the distance in the @Eq { x } direction
Xfrom one point to another:
X@ID {
X@Code "{" & @Eq { x sub 1 ``` y sub 1 } & @Code "}  @XDistance  {"
X& @Eq { x sub 2 ``` y sub 2 } & @Code "}"
X}
Xhas for its result the length @Eq { x sub 2 - x sub 1 }, and so may be
Xnegative.  There is an analogous @Code "@YDistance" symbol.
X@PP
XThe symbol @Code "@Angle" returns the angle @Eq {theta} from one point to
Xanother:
X@ID {
X@Code "{" & @Eq { x sub 1 ``` y sub 1 } & @Code "}  @Angle  {"
X& @Eq { x sub 2 ``` y sub 2 } & @Code "}"
X||7ct
X@Fig {
X@Figure
X   arrow { forward }
X   shape { 4 cm 0 0 0 4 cm 3 cm }
X{ 4c @Wide 3c @High }
X// {4 cm 3 cm} ** 0.4 ++ { 0.5 cm 0 } @MarkOf @Eq { (x sub 1 & , y sub 1 & ) }
X// {4 cm 3 cm} ** 0.4 @BaseOf @Circle margin { 0.05c } paint { black } {}
X// {4 cm 3 cm} ** 0.8 ++ { 0.5 cm 0 } @MarkOf @Eq { (x sub 2 & , y sub 2 & ) }
X// {4 cm 3 cm} ** 0.8 @BaseOf @Circle margin { 0.05c } paint { black } {}
X// { 1 cm 0.2 cm } ** 0.7 @BaseOf @Eq { theta }
X}
X}
XThe result will be 0 if the two points are equal.  The symbol @Code "<<"
Xreturns the point at a given distance and angle from @Eq { (0, 0) }:
X@ID {
X@Code "{" & @Eq { length }  @Code "<<"  @Eq { theta } & @Code "}"
X||7ct
X@Fig {
X@Figure
X   arrow { forward }
X   shape { 4 cm 0 0 0 4 cm 3 cm }
X{ 4c @Wide 3c @High }
X// {4 cm 3 cm} ** 0.5 -- {1.5 cm 0} @BaseOf @I length
X// {4 cm 3 cm} ** 0.8 @BaseOf @Circle margin { 0.05c } paint { black } {}
X// { 1 cm 0.2 cm } ** 0.7 @BaseOf @Eq { theta }
X}
X}
XFor example, @Code "{ 5 cm << 45 dg }" is the point 5 cm
Xfrom @Eq { (0, 0) } at 45 degrees.
X@PP
XPoints may be added, subtracted, and multiplied by a number:
X@ID @Tab
X     vmargin { 0.5vx }
X     @Fmta { @Col A ! @Col is ! @Col B }
X{
X@Rowa
X   A { @Code "{" & @Eq {x sub 1 ``` y sub 1} & @Code "}  ++  {" &
X@Eq {x sub 2 ``` y sub 2} & @Code "}" }
X   B { @Eq { (x sub 1 + x sub 2 & , y sub 1 + y sub 2 & ) } }
X@Rowa
X   A { @Code "{" & @Eq {x sub 1 ``` y sub 1} & @Code "}  --  {" &
X@Eq {x sub 2 ``` y sub 2} & @Code "}" }
X   B { @Eq { (x sub 1 - x sub 2 & , y sub 1 - y sub 2 & ) } }
X@Rowa
X   A { @Code "{" & @Eq {x sub 1 ``` y sub 1} & @Code "}  **  " & @Eq {k} }
X   B { @Eq { (x sub 1 & k, y sub 1 & k) } }
X}
XFor example,
X@ID {
X@Code "{" & @Eq {x sub 1 ``` y sub 1} & @Code "} ** 0.2  ++  " &
X@Code "{" & @Eq {x sub 2 ``` y sub 2} & @Code "} ** 0.8"
X}
Xis the point eight tenths of the way from
X@Eq { (x sub 1 & , y sub 1 & ) } to
X@Eq { (x sub 2 & , y sub 2 & ) } on the line joining them:
X@LP
X@ID @Fig {
X@Figure
X   shape {
X      {xsize 0} ** 0.3 ++ {0 ysize} @Label P1
X      {xsize 0} ++ {0 ysize} ** 0.4 @Label P2
X      P1 ** 0.2 @Label FP1
X      P2 ** 0.8 @Label FP2
X      0 0 P1 P2 0 0 [] FP1 FP1 ++ FP2 FP2
X   }
X{ 6c @High 9c @Wide }
X// P1 ++ {0.3 cm 0} @BaseOf @Eq { (x sub 1 & , y sub 1 & ) }
X// P2 ++ {0.3 cm 0} @BaseOf @Eq { (x sub 2 & , y sub 2 & ) }
X// FP1 ++ FP2 ++ {0.3 cm 0} @BaseOf
X@Eq { (0.2x sub 1 & + 0.8x sub 2 & , 0.2y sub 1 & + 0.8y sub 2 & ) }
X}
XWhen using {@Code "**"}, the point must be on the left and the number on
Xthe right.  It would be more convenient to name these symbols
X{@Code "+"}, {@Code "-"}, and {@Code "*"}, but these names
Xare often taken by equation formatters, and @Code "-" appears in
Xlengths, so we don't.  There are @Code "@Max" and @Code "@Min" symbols:
X@ID @Tab
X     vmargin { 0.5vx }
X     @Fmta { @Col A ! @Col is ! @Col B }
X{
X@Rowa
X  A { @Code "{" & @Eq {x sub 1 ``` y sub 1} & @Code "}  @Max  {" &
X@Eq {x sub 2 ``` y sub 2} & @Code "}" }
X  B { @Eq { (max(x sub 1 & , x sub 2 & ), max(y sub 1 & , y sub 2 & )) } }
X@Rowa
X  A { @Code "{" & @Eq {x sub 1 ``` y sub 1} & @Code "}  @Min  {" &
X@Eq {x sub 2 ``` y sub 2} & @Code "}" }
X  B { @Eq { (min(x sub 1 & , x sub 2 & ), min(y sub 1 & , y sub 2 & )) } }
X}
XNote carefully that these apply to points, not to numbers.
X@PP
XThe result of adding two points together depends on where the origin is
Xat the time, as well as on the points themselves.  This can lead to
Xunexpected results, as the author has found to his cost more than
Xonce.  Within the @Code shape option of {@Code "@Figure"}, the origin is
Xthe lower left corner of the result of the {@Code "@Figure"}.  In cases
Xlike the example on page {@PageOf sumpoints}, where points are added
Xoutside of any {@Code "@Figure"} symbol, the origin is usually at the
Xbottom left corner of the figure as a whole.  A label always denotes a
Xparticular point on the printed page, regardless of where the origin
Xhappens to be.
X@PP
XThe symbol @Code "@Prev" within the @Code "shape" option of @Code
X"@Figure" denotes the previous point of the shape, ignoring points within
X{@Code {"[" &0.5s "]"}}.  This makes it easy to specify each point
Xrelative to the previous one:
X@ID {
X@Code {
X"   shape {"
X"      0 0"
X"      { 2 cm << 30 }"
X"      @Prev ++ { 2 cm << 90 }"
X"      @Prev ++ { 2 cm << 150 }"
X"      @Prev ++ { 2 cm << 210 }"
X"      @Prev ++ { 2 cm << 270 }"
X"      0 0"
X"   }"
X}
X||7ct
X@Fig { ||2.5c
X@Figure
X   shape {
X      0 0
X      { 2 cm << 30 }
X      @Prev ++ { 2 cm << 90 }
X      @Prev ++ { 2 cm << 150 }
X      @Prev ++ { 2 cm << 210 }
X      @Prev ++ { 2 cm << 270 }
X      0 0
X   }
X{ 4c @Wide 4c @High }
X}
X}
X@PP
XFig provides a @Code "@Label" symbol for attaching a label to a point in
Xa shape, like this:
X@ID @Code "{xsize ysize} ** 0.5 @Label CTR"
XThe point may then be referred to more concisely by its label,
X{@Code CTR}.  For example, the large arrow appearing in Section 2 was
Xbuilt like this:
X@ID {
X@Code {
X"@Figure"
X"   shape {"
X"      {0 ysize} ** 0.4 @Label SB"
X"      {0 ysize} ** 0.6 @Label ST"
X"      {xsize 0} ** 0.7 @Label HB"
X"      SB"
X"      SB ++ HB"
X"      HB"
X"      {xsize 0} ++ {0 ysize} ** 0.5"
X"      HB ++ {0 ysize}"
X"      HB ++ ST"
X"      ST"
X"      SB"
X"   }"
X"   paint { grey }"
X"{ 6c @Wide 2c @High }"
X}
X||7ct
X@Fig {
X@Figure
X   shape {
X      {0 ysize} ** 0.4 @Label SB
X      {0 ysize} ** 0.6 @Label ST
X      {xsize 0} ** 0.7 @Label HB
X      SB
X      SB ++ HB
X      HB
X      {xsize 0} ++ {0 ysize} ** 0.5
X      HB ++ {0 ysize}
X      HB ++ ST
X      ST
X      SB
X   }
X   paint { grey }
X{ 6c @Wide 2c @High }
X// @ShowLabels
X}
X}
XIncidentally, the labels of a figure can be displayed as above by putting
Xthe symbol @Code "@ShowLabels" at the end of the figure.  Labels can
Xsave a lot of effort.  They should contain only digits, upper-case
Xletters and {@Code "@"}, because Fig and Lout use labels of their own
Xmade from lower-case letters.
X@PP
XThe standard shapes have standard labels; for example, the labels
Xof @Code "@Ellipse" are
X@LP
X@ID {
X@Code {
X"@Ellipse"
X"{ 3c @Wide 2c @High }"
X}
X||7ct
X@Fig {
X@Ellipse { 3c @Wide 2c @High }
X// @ShowLabels
X}
X}
XThere is a symbol, {@Code "::"}, for @I relabelling an object.
XEach label in the right parameter is relabelled in the following way:
X@LP
X@ID {
X@Code {
X"E1:: @Ellipse"
X"{ 3c @Wide 2c @High }"
X}
X||7ct
X@Fig {
XE1:: @Ellipse { 3c @Wide 2c @High }
X// @ShowLabels
X}
X}
XWithin the right parameter of @Code "::" the original names hold sway;
Xbut afterwards the names are changed by prefixing the label
Xand @Code "@" to them.  These composite labels may be used exactly like
Xother labels.  Relabelling can be nested to arbitrary depth:
X@LP
X@ID {
X5c @Wide @Code {
X"A::"
X"{   1:: @Ellipse"
X"    { 3c @Wide 2c @High }"
X"    //1c"
X"    2:: @Box"
X"    { 3c @Wide 2c @High }"
X"}"
X}
X||7ct
X@Fig {
XA::
X{   1:: @Ellipse { 3c @Wide 2c @High }
X    //1c
X    2:: @Box { 3c @Wide 2c @High }
X}
X// @ShowLabels
X}
X}
XThe right parameter of @Code "::" may be any object.
X@PP
XThe six standard shapes ({@Code "@Box"}, {@Code "@Square"},
X{@Code "@Diamond"}, {@Code "@Polygon"}, {@Code "@Ellipse"}, and
X{@Code "@Circle"}) have a special @Code CIRCUM label, not displayed by
X{@Code "@ShowLabels"}.  The expression
X@ID {
X@Eq { "angle" } @Code CIRCUM
X}
Xyields the point on the boundary of the shape at the given angle from
Xthe centre, in a coord&-inate system with the centre for origin.  Thus,
Xgiven a labelled standard shape such as
X@ID @Code "A :: @Ellipse ..."
Xthe point on its boundary at an angle of 45 degrees from the centre is
X@ID @Code "A@CTR ++ {45 A@CIRCUM}"
XThe braces must be present.  Regrettably, there is no way to produce a
X@Code CIRCUM label for shapes defined by the user in any reasonable time.
X@PP
XIf the same label is used twice, as is inevitable with unlabelled standard
Xshapes, only the most recent value is remembered.  There is a limit on the
Xmaximum number of distinct labels in any one figure, which
Xcan be changed by means of an option to the @Code "@Fig" symbol:
X@ID @Code {
X"@Fig"
X"   maxlabels { 500 }"
X"{ ... }"
X}
XThe default value is 200.  Large values could cause the printing device
Xto run out of memory.  Memory is reclaimed at the end of each figure.
X@End @Section
END_OF_FILE
  if test 9154 -ne `wc -c <'doc/tr.fig/s5'`; then
    echo shar: \"'doc/tr.fig/s5'\" unpacked with wrong size!
  fi
  # end of 'doc/tr.fig/s5'
fi
if test -f 'doc/tr.lout/ch1.04' -a "${1}" != "-c" ; then
  echo shar: Will not clobber existing file \"'doc/tr.lout/ch1.04'\"
else
  echo shar: Extracting \"'doc/tr.lout/ch1.04'\" \(10331 characters\)
  sed "s/^X//" >'doc/tr.lout/ch1.04' <<'END_OF_FILE'
X@Section
X   @Title { Galleys }
X   @Tag { galleys }
X@Begin
X@PP
XIt is time to pause and ask ourselves how close we are to achieving our
Xaim of producing neatly formatted documents.  We can certainly produce
Xthe pieces of a document, using the page layout definitions from Section
X{@NumberOf definitions}:
X@ID {
X
Xnohyphen @Break @LittlePageColumn {
X@DP
X|0.5rt {@B PURCELL}{ 0.8f @Font 1 ^//0.2v}
X@DP
XIn the world of music England is supposed to be a mere province.  If she
Xproduces an indifferent composer or performer, that is regarded
Xelsewhere as perfectly normal and natural; but if foreign students of
Xmusical history have to acknowledge a British musical genius, he is
Xconsidered a freak.
X@PP
XSuch a freak is Henry Purcell.  Yet if we make a choice of fifteen of
Xthe world's musical classics, as here, we find that we cannot omit this
XEnglish master.
X}
X
X||1c
X
X@LittlePageColumn
X{ { 0.8f @Font 1 ^//0.2v}Blom, Eric.  @I {Some Great Composers.}  Oxford, 1944.
X}
X
X||1c
X
X@Code {
X       @LittlePage { "@TextPlace" //1rt "@FootSect" }
X//     @LittlePage { "@TextPlace" //1rt "@FootSect" }
X//     @LittlePage { "@TextPlace" //1rt "@FootSect" }
X//0.2c 8p @Font "@PageList"
X}
X
X}
Xbut when we try to merge them together, we encounter two obstacles.
X@PP
XFirst, when an object is entered at a certain place in the document, it
Xappears at that place.  But a footnote is naturally entered immediately
Xafter the point it refers to (`{-2p @Font PURCELL}' in this case), yet it
Xappears somewhere else: at the bottom of a page.
X@PP
XSecond, all our features build up larger objects out of smaller ones,
Xbut the -2p @Font PURCELL object, for example, must be broken down into
Xpage-sized pieces.  This occurs when the available space at the
X`somewhere else' is insufficient to hold the entire object, so this
Xsecond obstacle arises out of the first.
X@PP
XLout's last major feature, which we introduce to overcome these
Xobstacles, is the @I galley
Xgalley.feature @Index { Galleys }
X(the name is borrowed from the galleys
Xused in manual typesetting).  A galley is an object plus a cross
Xreference which points to where the object is to appear.  The example
Xabove has three galleys:
X@ID {
X
X{
X//0.1c
X
Xnohyphen @Break @LittlePageColumn {
X@DP
X|0.5rt {@B PURCELL}{ 0.8f @Font 1 ^//0.2v}
X@DP
XIn the world of music England is supposed to be a mere province.  If she
Xproduces an indifferent composer or performer, that is regarded
Xelsewhere as perfectly normal and natural; but if foreign students of
Xmusical history have to acknowledge a British musical genius, he is
Xconsidered a freak.
X@PP
XSuch a freak is Henry Purcell.  Yet if we make a choice of fifteen of
Xthe world's musical classics, as here, we find that we cannot omit this
XEnglish master.
X}  { //0.4c 180d @Rotate @Arrow 2.0c }
X
X}
X
X||0io ||4.8c
X
X@Code {
X       @LittlePage { "@TextPlace" //1rt "@FootSect" }
X//     @LittlePage { "@TextPlace" //1rt "@FootSect" }
X//     @LittlePage { "@TextPlace" //1rt "@FootSect" }
X//0.2c 8p @Font "@PageList"
X}  180d @Rotate @Arrow 1i @I -2p @Font {to printer}
X
X||0io ||2.0c
X{
X//3.9c
X
X{ @Arrow 1.7c }  nohyphen @Break @LittlePageColumn
X{ { 0.8f @Font 1 ^//0.2v}Blom, Eric.  @I {Some Great Composers.}  Oxford, 1944.
X}
X}
X}
XA galley replaces the invocation pointed to by its cross reference.  If
Xspace is not sufficient there to hold it all, the remainder of the
Xgalley is split off (the vertical concatenation symbol preceding it
Xbeing discarded) and it replaces later invocations of the same symbol.
XThis is exactly what is required to get text and footnotes onto pages.
X@PP
XTo create a galley, first define a symbol with a
Xspecial @Code into
Xinto @Index { @Code into clause }
Xclause, like this:
X@ID @Code {
X"def @FootNote into { @FootPlace&&following }"
X"   right x"
X"{"
X"   8p @Font x"
X"}"
X}
XAn invocation of such a symbol will then be a galley whose object is the
Xresult of the invocation, and whose cross reference is given by the
X@Code into clause.  The right parameter of the cross reference must be
Xeither @Code preceding or @Code following.
X@PP
XA symbol, like @Code "@FootPlace", which is the @I target of a galley,
Xtarget @Index { Target of a galley }
Xmust contain the special symbol @@Galley exactly once in its body; often
Xthis is all that the body contains:
X@ID @Code {
X"def  @FootPlace  {  @Galley  }"
X}
XIt is this special symbol that is replaced by the incoming galley, in
Xfact, not the @Code "@FootPlace" symbol as a whole.
X@PP
XA symbol which contains @@Galley, either directly within its body or
Xindirectly within the body of a symbol it invokes, is called a @I receptive
Xreceptive @Index { Receptive symbol }
Xsymbol, meaning receptive to galleys.  @Code "@FootPlace" is receptive, which
Xmakes @Code "@FootList", @Code "@FootSect" and @Code "@PageList"
Xreceptive since they invoke @Code "@FootPlace".  If no galley replaces
Xany @@Galley within some invocation of a receptive symbol, that
Xinvocation is replaced by @@Null.  The advantages of this rule for page
Xlayout were explained at the end of Section {@NumberOf definitions}.
X@PP
XLet us now follow through the construction of our example
Xdocument.  Initially there is just the one @I root
Xroot.galley @Index { Root galley }
Xgalley, containing an unexpanded invocation of @Code "@PageList":
X@ID { ||5c
X10p @Font @Code "@PageList"  180d @Rotate @Arrow 1i @I -2p @Font {to printer}
X}
XThen the -2p @Font PURCELL galley appears, targeted to a @Code
X"@TextPlace".  Lout knows that there is a @Code "@TextPlace" hidden
Xinside @Code "@PageList", so it expands @Code "@PageList":
X@ID {
X
X{
X//0.1c
X
Xnohyphen @Break @LittlePageColumn {
X@DP
X|0.5rt {@B PURCELL}{ 0.8f @Font 1 ^//0.2v}
X@DP
XIn the world of music England is supposed to be a mere province.  If she
Xproduces an indifferent composer or performer, that is regarded
Xelsewhere as perfectly normal and natural; but if foreign students of
Xmusical history have to acknowledge a British musical genius, he is
Xconsidered a freak.
X@PP
XSuch a freak is Henry Purcell.  Yet if we make a choice of fifteen of
Xthe world's musical classics, as here, we find that we cannot omit this
XEnglish master.
X}  { //0.4c 180d @Rotate @Arrow 2.2c }
X}
X
X||0io ||5c
X
X@Code {
X       @LittlePage { "@TextPlace" //1rt "@FootSect" }
X//0.2c 8p @Font "@PageList"
X}  180d @Rotate @Arrow 1i @I -2p @Font {to printer}
X
X}
XAfter promoting the first line into @Code "@TextPlace", the footnote
Xgalley attached to it appears and demands an invocation of
X@Code "@FootPlace" following its attachment point
X(`{-2p @Font PURCELL}').  Such a @Code "@FootPlace" is found at
Xthe bottom of the first page, inside @Code "@FootSect", which is
Xaccordingly expanded, and the footnote is promoted onto the page:
X@ID {
X
X{
X//1.2c
X
Xnohyphen @Break @LittlePageColumn {
XIn the world of music England is supposed to be a mere province.  If she
Xproduces an indifferent composer or performer, that is regarded
Xelsewhere as perfectly normal and natural; but if foreign
Xstudents of musical history have to acknowledge a British musical genius,
Xhe is considered a freak.
X@PP
XSuch a freak is Henry Purcell.  Yet if we make a choice of fifteen of
Xthe world's musical classics, as here, we find that we cannot omit this
XEnglish master.
X}  180d @Rotate @Arrow 2.2c
X}
X
X||0io ||5c
X
X{
Xnohyphen @Break @LittleDocument
X//
X@LittleText {
X@DP
X|0.5rt {@B PURCELL}{ 0.8f @Font 1 ^//0.2v}
X@LittleFootNote
X{ { 0.8f @Font 1 ^//0.2v}Blom, Eric.  @I {Some Great Composers.}  Oxford, 1944.
X//1vx @Code "@FootList"
X}
X//1vx @Code "@TextPlace" }
X//
X@LittleEndRun
X//0.2c 8p @Font @Code "@PageList"
X}  180d @Rotate @Arrow 1i -2p @Font @I {to printer}
X
X}
XNow the promotion of the -2p @Font PURCELL galley resumes.  When the
Xfirst page is filled, Lout searches forwards for another @Code "@TextPlace"
Xto receive the remainder, once again expanding a @Code "@PageList":
X@ID {
X
X{
X//4.85c
X
Xnohyphen @Break @LittlePageColumn {
Xperformer, that is regarded
Xelsewhere as perfectly normal and natural; but if foreign
Xstudents of musical history have to acknowledge a British musical genius,
Xhe is considered a freak.
X@PP
XSuch a freak is Henry Purcell.  Yet if we make a choice of fifteen of
Xthe world's musical classics, as here, we find that we cannot omit this
XEnglish master.
X}  180d @Rotate @Arrow 2.2c
X}
X
X||0io ||5c
X
X{
Xnohyphen @Break @LittleDocument
X//
X@LittleText {
X@DP
X|0.5rt {@B PURCELL}{ 0.8f @Font 1 ^//0.2v}
X@LittleFootNote
X{ { 0.8f @Font 1 ^//0.2v}Blom, Eric.  @I {Some Great Composers.}  Oxford, 1944.
X}
X@DP
X      @HExpand {In the world of music}
X//1vx @HExpand {England is supposed to}
X//1vx @HExpand {be a mere province.  If}
X//1vx @HExpand {she produces an indifferent composer or}
X}
X//
X@LittleEndRun
X//     @LittlePage { @Code "@TextPlace" //1rt @Code "@FootSect" }
X//0.2c 8p @Font @Code "@PageList"
X}  180d @Rotate @Arrow 1i -2p @Font @I {to printer}
X
X}
Xand so on until the entire galley is promoted.  All these expansions and
Xreplacements are done with total
Xintegrity.  For example, if Lout finds after expanding @Code "@FootSect"
Xthat the page is too full to accept even the first line of the footnote,
X@Code "@FootSect" is reset to unexpanded and the search for a target for
Xthe footnote moves on.  And the cross reference direction, @Code
Xpreceding or @Code following, is always obeyed (although lack of space
Xsometimes prevents Lout from choosing the nearest target).  Only the
Xroot galley contains receptive symbols in our running example, but in
Xfact any galley may contain them, without restriction.
X@PP
XWhen footnotes are placed at the bottom of a page, they appear there in
Xfirst come, first served order.  To make galleys appear in sorted order, as
Xsorted.galley @Index { Sorted galleys }
Xis needed in bibliographies and indexes, a parameter or nested definition
Xwith the special name @@Key
Xkey. @Index { @@Key parameter }
Xis added to the galley definition, like this:
X@ID @Code {
X"def @IndexEntry into { @IndexPlace&&following }"
X"   left @Key"
X"   right x"
X"{ x }"
X}
XLike @@Tag, @@Key must be set to a simple word when the galley is invoked:
X@ID @Code {
X"cities @IndexEntry { cities, comparison of, 27 }"
X}
Xand this key is used to sort the galleys.  If several sorted galleys
Xwith the same key are sent to the same place, only one of them is
Xprinted, since the others are probably unwanted duplicates.
X@PP
XThe discussion of galleys is continued at a more detailed level in
XSection {@NumberOf targets}.
X@End @Section
END_OF_FILE
  if test 10331 -ne `wc -c <'doc/tr.lout/ch1.04'`; then
    echo shar: \"'doc/tr.lout/ch1.04'\" unpacked with wrong size!
  fi
  # end of 'doc/tr.lout/ch1.04'
fi
if test -f 'doc/tr.lout/ch2.06' -a "${1}" != "-c" ; then
  echo shar: Will not clobber existing file \"'doc/tr.lout/ch2.06'\"
else
  echo shar: Extracting \"'doc/tr.lout/ch2.06'\" \(9965 characters\)
  sed "s/^X//" >'doc/tr.lout/ch2.06' <<'END_OF_FILE'
X@Section
X   @Title { Galleys and targets }
X   @Tag { targets }
X@Begin
X@PP
XThe behaviour of galleys and their targets, as described in Section
Xgalley.feature.in.detail @SubIndex { in detail }
Xtargets.in.detail @SubIndex { in detail }
X{@NumberOf galleys}, can be summarized in three laws:
X@DP
X{@I {First Law}}:  The first target is the closest invocation of the
Xtarget symbol, either preceding or following the invocation point of the
Xgalley as required, which has sufficient space to receive the first
Xcomponent;
X@DP
X{@I {Second Law}}:  Each subsequent target is the closest invocation of
Xthe target symbol, following the previous target and lying within the same
Xgalley, which has sufficient space to receive the first remaining component;
X@DP
X{@I {Third Law}}:  A receptive symbol that does not receive at least one
Xcomponent of any galley is replaced by @@Null.
X@DP
XThe terms `closest,' `preceding,' and `following' refer to position in
Xthe final printed document.  This section explains the operation of
Xthese laws in Basser Lout.
X@PP
XWhen a galley cannot be fitted into just one target, Lout must find
Xpoints in the galley where it can be split in two.  The object lying
Xbetween two neighbouring potential split points is called a @I component
Xcomponent @Index { Components of a galley }
Xof the galley.  By definition, a component cannot be split.
X@PP
XTo determine the components of a galley, expand all symbols other than
Xrecursive and receptive ones, discard all @@Font, @@Break, and @@Space
Xsymbols, perform paragraph breaking as required, and discard all
Xredundant braces.  Then view the galley as a sequence of one or more
Xobjects separated by vertical concatenation symbols; these are the
Xcomponents and split points.  For example, given the definition
X@ID @Code {
X"def @Section into { @SectionPlace&&preceding }"
X"    named @Title {}"
X"    right @Body"
X"{"
X"    15p @Font { @Title //0.7f }"
X"    //"
X"    @Body"
X"}"
X}
Xthe galley
X@ID @Code {
X"@Section"
X"    @Title { Introduction }"
X"{ This is a subject that really"
X"needs no introduction. }"
X}
Xbecomes
X@ID @Code {
X"Introduction"
X"//0.7f"
X"{}"
X"//"
X"This is a subject that really needs"
X"//1vx"
X"no introduction."
X}
Xwith four components.  If @Code "@Body" was preceded by @Code "|1.0c" in
Xthe definition, the result would be
X@ID @Code {
X"Introduction"
X"//0.7f"
X"{}"
X"//"
X"|1.0c { This is a subject that really needs //1vx no introduction. }"
X}
Xand now @Code "//1vx" is buried within one component and is not a
Xpotential split point.  In fact, in this case the broken paragraph as
Xa whole is enclosed in @@OneRow.  This highlights a deficiency of
XBasser Lout:  an indented paragraph cannot be split.
X@PP
XThe lines of a paragraph become separate components if the paragraph
Xoccupies an entire component before breaking; otherwise they are
Xenclosed in a @@OneRow symbol within one component.  The same is true of
Xincoming components of other galleys.  If a @@Galley symbol occupies an
Xentire component by the rules above, then the incoming components that
Xreplace it become components of their new home:
X@ID @Tab
X  @Fmta { @Col @Code A ! @Col lines @Break B ! @Col @Code C }
X{
X@Rowa
X   A {
X"An example"
X"//0.5c"
X"@Galley"
X"//0.5c"
X"@SomethingList"
X}
X  B {
X""
X@Eq { ==> }
X}
X   C {
X"An example"
X"//0.5c"
X"Incoming components"
X"//0.2c"
X"from some other galley"
X"//0.5c"
X"@SomethingList"
X}
X}
XOtherwise the incoming components are grouped within a @@OneRow symbol
Xand lie within one component.
X@PP
XThis distinction has a marked effect on the vertical concatenation
Xb.unit.use @SubIndex { use in @Code "//1.1b" }
Xsymbol {@Code "//1.1b"}, which calls for more space than is available
X(Section {@NumberOf concatenation}).  There is no room for this symbol
Xwithin any component, so it will force a split and be discarded in that
Xcase.  But it can be promoted to between two components.
X@PP
XComponents may be separated by @Code "/" as well as by {@Code "//"},
Xgiving rise to column mark alignment between adjacent components:
X@ID @ShowVMark {
X@HContract @GreyBox { 1c @Wide ^| 1c @Wide 0.6c @High }
X/0.3c
X@HContract @GreyBox { 2c @Wide 0.6c @High }
X/0.3c
X@HContract @GreyBox { 0.5c @Wide ^| 0.8c @Wide 0.6c @High }
X}
XWhen aligned components are promoted into different targets, the meaning
Xof alignment becomes very doubtful.  For example, what if the targets
Xmark.alignment.in.detail @SubIndex { in detail }
Xare in different columns of one page, or what if one lies within
X{@Code "90d @Rotate"}?
X@PP
XThe truth is that @Code "/" causes all the objects that share a mark to
Xhave equal width:
X@ID @ShowVMark {
X@Box @HContract @GreyBox { 1c @Wide ^| 1c @Wide 0.6c @High }
X/0.3c
X@Box @HContract @GreyBox { 2c @Wide 0.6c @High }
X/0.3c
X@Box @HContract @GreyBox { 0.5c @Wide ^| 0.8c @Wide 0.6c @High }
X}
XThis is a consequence of the `as wide as possible' rule (Section
X{@NumberOf size}).  Mark alignment occurs {@I incidentally}, whenever
Xthe fragments are placed into similar contexts.
X@PP
XIn this connection we must also consider the special case of a @@Galley
Xsymbol which shares its column mark with some other object:
X@ID @Code {
X"@Galley"
X"/0.2c"
X"@SomethingList"
X}
X(The @@Galley may or may not occupy an entire component; that doesn't
Xmatter here.)  If incoming components are separated by @Code "//" rather
Xthan by {@Code "/"}, the meaning is so doubtful that this is forbidden.  In
Xfact, a galley whose components replace such a @@Galley must have a
Xsingle column mark running its full length; that is, its components must
Xall share a single column mark.  This mark will be merged with the
Xcolumn mark passing through each @@Galley that these components replace;
Xall the objects on the resulting merged mark will have equal width.
X@PP
XThe root galley, where everything collects immediately prior to output,
Xroot.galley.in.detail @SubIndex { in detail }
Xis created automatically, not by a definition.  Its target is the output
Xfile, and its object is the entire input, which typically looks like this:
X@ID @Code {
X"@PageList"
X"//"
X"@Text {"
X"  Body text of the document ..."
X"}"
X}
Xwhere @Code "@PageList" expands to a sequence of pages containing
X@Code "@TextPlace" symbols (see Section {@NumberOf definitions}), and
X@Code "@Text" is a galley:
X@ID @Code {
X"def @TextPlace { @Galley }"
X""
X"def @Text into { @TextPlace&&preceding }"
X"    right x"
X"{"
X"    x"
X"}"
X}
XThe spot vacated by a galley -- its invocation point -- becomes a @@Null
Xobject, so this root galley is effectively @Code "@PageList" alone, as
Xrequired.  The @Code "@Text" galley will find its first target preceding
Xits invocation point, within {@Code "@PageList"}.
X@PP
XPrinting {@PageMark rootg} the root galley on the output file is somewhat problematical,
Xroot.galley.printing @SubIndex { printing of }
Xbecause Lout has no way of knowing how large the paper is.  Basser Lout
Xsimply prints one root galley component per page (except it skips
Xcomponents of height zero), and the user is responsible for ensuring
Xthat each component is page-sized.
X@PP
XBasser Lout will promote a component only after any receptive symbols
Xcomponents.promotion @SubIndex { promotion of }
Xpromotion @Index { Promotion of components }
Xwithin it have been replaced, either by galleys or by @@Null, since
Xuntil then the component is not complete.  A component which shares a
Xmark with following components is held up until they are all complete,
Xsince until then their width is uncertain.
X@PP
XConsider a page with @Code "@TextPlace" and @Code "@FootSect" receptive
Xsymbols.  The rule just given will prevent the page from being printed
Xuntil @Code "@TextPlace" is replaced by body text, quite rightly; but
X@Code "@FootSect" will also prevent its printing, even when there are no
Xfootnotes.
X@PP
XBasser Lout is keen to write out pages as soon as possible, to save memory,
Xand it cannot afford to wait forever for non-existent footnotes.  A variant
Xof the galley concept, called a {@I {forcing galley}},
Xforcing.galley @Index { Forcing galley } {@PageMark forcing}
Xis introduced to solve this problem.  A forcing galley is defined like this:
X@ID @Code {
X"def @Text force into { @TextPlace&&preceding }"
X"   ..."
X}
Xand so on.  When such a galley replaces a @@Galley symbol, Lout replaces
Xevery receptive symbol preceding the @@Galley by @@Null, thus ensuring that
Xas soon as text enters a page, for example, everything up to and including
Xthe preceding page can be printed.  This does not take care of the very last
Xpage, but Basser Lout replaces all receptive symbols by @@Null when it realizes
Xthat its input has all been read, thus allowing the last page to print.
X@PP
XA forcing galley causes the Third Law to be applied earlier than
Xexpected, and this creates two problems.  First, the replacement by
X@@Null may be premature:  a galley may turn up later wanting one of the
Xdefunct targets.  Such galleys (entries in tables of contents are
Xtypical examples) are copied into the cross reference database and read
Xin during the next run just before their targets are closed, and so they
Xfind their targets in the end.  Care must be taken to ensure that
Xlarge galleys such as chapters and sections do not have defunct targets,
Xsince the cost of copying them to and from the database is unacceptably high.
X@PP
XA @Code "following" galley may fail to find a first target lying in a
Xfollowing component of the same galley as its invocation point.  This is
Xa deficiency of Basser Lout, which occurs if the target has not been
Xread from input at the time the galley tries to find it.  A workaround
Xis to use a @Code "preceding" galley instead, defined like this:
X@ID @Code {
X"def @AGalley into { @AGalleyPlace&&preceding }"
X"    right @Body"
X"{"
X"    //1.1b"
X"    @Body"
X"}"
X}
Xand invoked like this:
X@ID @Code {
X"@AGalleyPlace | @AGalley { content of galley }"
X"//"
X"..."
X"@AGalleyPlace"
X}
XThe first @Code "@AGalleyPlace" receives only the initial empty object,
Xsince the @Code "//1.1b" forces a split; and the Second Law puts Basser
XLout on the right track thereafter.
X@End @Section
END_OF_FILE
  if test 9965 -ne `wc -c <'doc/tr.lout/ch2.06'`; then
    echo shar: \"'doc/tr.lout/ch2.06'\" unpacked with wrong size!
  fi
  # end of 'doc/tr.lout/ch2.06'
fi
if test -f 'doc/tr.lout/ch4.03' -a "${1}" != "-c" ; then
  echo shar: Will not clobber existing file \"'doc/tr.lout/ch4.03'\"
else
  echo shar: Extracting \"'doc/tr.lout/ch4.03'\" \(9416 characters\)
  sed "s/^X//" >'doc/tr.lout/ch4.03' <<'END_OF_FILE'
X@Section
X   @Title { Page layout }
X   @Tag { pagelayout }
X@Begin
X@PP
XThe page layout
Xpage.layout.inpractice @SubIndex { in practice }
Xdocument.layout.page.layout. @SubIndex { page layout }
Xdefinitions given in Section {@NumberOf definitions},
Xalthough correct, are very basic.  In this section we present the
Xdefinitions used by the DocumentLayout package for laying out the pages
Xof books, including running page headers and footers, different formats
Xfor odd and even pages, and so on.  The present document is produced with
Xthese definitions.
X@PP
XWe begin with a few definitions which permit the user to create cross
Xreferences of the `see page 27' variety which will be kept up to date
Xautomatically.  The user marks the target page by placing
X@Code {"@PageMark intro"}, for example, at the point of interest, and
Xrefers to the marked page as @Code "@PageOf intro" elsewhere:
Xpageof.example @Index { @Code "@PageOf" example }
X@IndentedList
X@LI @Code {
X"export @Tag"
X"def @PageMarker right @Tag { @Null }"
X}
X@LI @Code {
X"def @PageMark right x"
X"{"
X"    @PageMarker&&preceding @Tagged x"
X"}"
X}
X@LI @Code {
X"def @PageOf right x"
X"{"
X"    @PageMarker&&x @Open { @Tag }"
X"}"
X}
X@EndList
XWe will see below that an invocation of @Code "@PageMarker" appears before
Xeach page, with @Code "@Tag" parameter equal to the
Xpage number.  Suppose that {@Code "@PageMark intro"}, which expands to
X@ID @Code "@PageMarker&&preceding @Tagged intro"
Xhappens to fall on page 27 of the final printed document (of course, its
Xvalue is @@Null which makes it invisible).  Then the effect of @@Tagged
Xis to attach @Code "intro" as an extra tag to the first invocation of
X{@Code "@PageMarker"} preceding that final point, and this must be
X{@Code "@PageMarker 27"}.  Therefore the expression
X@ID @Code "@PageMarker&&intro @Open { @Tag }"
Xwill open the invocation {@Code "@PageMarker 27"} and yield the value of
Xits @Code "@Tag" parameter, 27.  Thus, {@Code "@PageOf intro"} appearing
Xanywhere in the document yields 27.
X@PP
XNext we have some little definitions for various parts of the
Xpage.  {@Code "@FullPlace"} will be the target of full-width body text:
X@ID @Code {
X"def @FullPlace { @Galley }"
X}
X{@Code "@ColPlace"} will be the target of body text within one column:
X@ID @Code {
X"def @ColPlace { @Galley }"
X}
X{@Code "@TopList"} will be the target of figures and tables:
X@ID @Code {
X"export @Tag"
X"def @TopList right @Tag"
X"{"
X"    @Galley"
X"    //@TopGap @TopList @Next @Tag"
X"}"
X}
XWe have taken a shortcut here, avoiding an unnecessary @Code "@TopPlace"
Xsymbol.  @Code "@FootList" and {@Code "@FootSect"} define a sequence of
Xfull-width targets at the foot of the page for footnotes,
Xpreceded by a short horizontal line:
Xfootsect.example @Index { @Code "@FootSect" example }
X@IndentedList
X@LI @Code {
X"export @Tag"
X"def @FootList right @Tag"
X"{"
X"    @Galley"
X"    //@FootGap  @FootList @Next @Tag"
X"}"
X}
X@LI @Code {
X"def @FootSect"
X"{"
X"    @FootLen @Wide @HLine"
X"    //@FootGap  @FootList 1  ||@FootLen"
X"}"
X}
X@EndList
XSimilarly, @Code "@ColFootList" and @Code "@ColFootSect" provide a
Xsequence of targets for footnotes within one column:
X@ID @Code {
X"export @Tag"
X"def @ColFootList right @Tag"
X"{"
X"    @Galley"
X"    //@FootGap  @ColFootList @Next @Tag"
X"}"
X""
X"def @ColFootSect"
X"{"
X"    @ColFootLen @Wide @HLine"
X"    //@FootGap  @ColFootList 1  ||@ColFootLen"
X"}"
X}
XThe next definition provides a horizontal sequence of one or more columns:
Xcollist.example @Index { @Code "@ColList" example }
X@ID @Code {
X"def @ColList right col"
X"{"
X"    def @Column"
X"    {  @VExpand { @ColPlace //1rt @OneRow { //@MidGap @ColFootSect } }  }"
X""
X"    col @Case {"
X"        Single @Yield @Column"
X"        Double @Yield { @DoubleColWidth @Wide @Column  ||@ColGap  @ColList col }"
X"        Multi  @Yield { @MultiColWidth @Wide @Column  ||@ColGap  @ColList col }"
X"    }"
X"}"
X}
XEach column consists of a @Code "@ColPlace" at the top and a
X@Code "@FootSect" at the foot.  The @@VExpand symbol ensures that
Xwhenever a column comes into existence, it will expand vertically so
Xthat the bottom-justification @Code "//1rt" has as much space as
Xpossible to work within.  The @Code "col" parameter determines whether
Xthe result has a single column, double columns, or multiple columns.
X@PP
XThe {@Code "@Page"} symbol places its parameter in a page of fixed width,
Xheight, and margins:
Xpage.example @Index { @Code "@Page" example }
X@ID @Code {
X"def @Page right x"
X"{"
X"    @PageWidth @Wide @PageHeight @High {"
X"        //@PageMargin  ||@PageMargin"
X"        @HExpand @VExpand x"
X"        ||@PageMargin  //@PageMargin"
X"    }"
X"}"
X}
X@@HExpand and @@VExpand ensure that the right parameter occupies all the
Xavailable space; this is important when the right parameter is unusually
Xsmall.  The @@High symbol gives the page a single row mark, ensuring that
Xit will be printed on a single sheet of paper (page {@PageOf rootg}).
X@PP
XNext we have {@Code "@OnePage"}, defining a typical page of a book or
Xother document:
Xonepage.example @Index { @Code "@OnePage" example }
X@ID @Code {
X"def @OnePage"
X"    named @Columns {}"
X"    named @PageTop {}"
X"    named @PageFoot {}"
X"{"
X"    @Page {"
X"        @PageTop"
X"        //@MidGap  @TopList"
X"        //@MidGap  @FullPlace"
X"        //@MidGap  @ColList @Columns"
X"        // //1rt   @OneRow { //@MidGap @FootSect //@MidGap @PageFoot }"
X"    }"
X"}"
X}
XThe page top and page foot, and the number of columns, are parameters
Xthat will be given later when @Code "@OnePage" is invoked.  The body of
Xthe page is a straightforward combination of previous definitions.  The
X@Code "//" symbol protects the following @Code "//1rt" from deletion in
Xthe unlikely event that all the preceding symbols are replaced by
X@@Null.  The following object is enclosed in @@OneRow to ensure that
Xall of it is bottom-justified, not just its first component.
X@PP
XBefore presenting the definition of a sequence of pages, we must detour
Xto describe how running page headers and footers (like those in the
Xpresent document) are produced.  These are based on the
X@Code "@Runner" symbol:
Xrunner.example @Index { @Code "@Runner" example }
X@ID @Code {
X"export @TopOdd @TopEven @FootOdd @FootEven"
X"def @Runner"
X"    named @TopOdd right @PageNum { @Null }"
X"    named @TopEven right @PageNum { @Null }"
X"    named @FootOdd right @PageNum { @Null }"
X"    named @FootEven right @PageNum { @Null }"
X"    named @Tag {}"
X"{ @Null }"
X}
XThe four parameters control the format of running headers and footers on
Xodd and even pages respectively.  Invocations of {@Code "@Runner"}, for
Xexample
X@ID @Code {
X"@Runner"
X"    @TopEven { @B @PageNum |1rt @I { Chapter 4 } }"
X"    @TopOdd  { @I { Examples }   |1rt @B @PageNum }"
X}
Xwill be embedded in the body text of the document, and, as we will see
Xin a moment, are accessed by @Code "@Runner&&following" cross references
Xon the pages.  Notice how the @Code "@PageNum" parameter of each
Xparameter allows the format of the running header to be specified while
Xleaving the page number to be substituted later.
X@PP
XWe may now define {@Code "@OddPageList"}, whose result is a sequence of
Xpages beginning with an odd-numbered page:
Xoddpagelist.example @Index { @Code "@OddPageList" example }
X@ID @Code {
X"def @OddPageList"
X"    named @Columns {}"
X"    right @PageNum"
X"{"
X"    def @EvenPageList ..."
X""
X"        @PageMarker @PageNum"
X"    //  @Runner&&following @Open {"
X"            @OnePage"
X"                @Columns { @Columns }"
X"                @PageTop { @TopOdd @PageNum }"
X"                @PageFoot { @FootOdd @PageNum }"
X"        }"
X"    //  @EvenPageList"
X"            @Columns { @Columns }"
X"            @Next @PageNum"
X"}"
X}
XIgnoring @Code "@EvenPageList" for the moment, notice first that the
Xinvocation of @Code "@OnePage" is enclosed in
X{@Code "@Runner&&following @Open"}.  Since {@Code "@Runner&&following"}
Xrefers to the first invocation of @Code "@Runner" appearing after itself
Xin the final printed document, the symbols @Code "@TopOdd" and
X@Code "@FootOdd" will take their value from the first invocation of
X@Code "@Runner" following the top of the page, even though @Code "@FootOdd"
Xappears at the foot of the page.  Their @Code "@PageNum" parameters are
Xreplaced by {@Code "@PageNum"}, the actual page number parameter of
X{@Code "@OddPageList"}.
X@PP
XAfter producing the odd-numbered page, @Code "@OddPageList" invokes
X{@Code "@EvenPageList"}:
Xevenpagelist.example @Index { @Code "@EvenPageList" example }
X@ID @Code {
X"def @EvenPageList"
X"    named @Columns {}"
X"    right @PageNum"
X"{"
X"        @PageMarker @PageNum"
X"    //  @Runner&&following @Open {"
X"            @OnePage"
X"                @Columns { @Columns }"
X"                @PageTop { @TopEven @PageNum }"
X"                @PageFoot { @FootEven @PageNum }"
X"        }"
X"    //  @OddPageList"
X"            @Columns { @Columns }"
X"            @Next @PageNum"
X"}"
X}
XThis produces an even-numbered page, then passes the ball back to
X@Code "@OddPageList" -- a delightful example of what computer
Xscientists call mutual recursion.  The two page types differ only in
Xtheir running headers and footers, but other changes could easily be made.
X@PP
XIt was foreshadowed earlier that an invocation of @Code "@PageMarker"
Xwould precede each page, and this has been done.  Although this @Code
X"@PageMarker" is a component of the root galley, it will not cause a
Xpage to be printed, because Basser Lout skips components of height zero.
X@End @Section
END_OF_FILE
  if test 9416 -ne `wc -c <'doc/tr.lout/ch4.03'`; then
    echo shar: \"'doc/tr.lout/ch4.03'\" unpacked with wrong size!
  fi
  # end of 'doc/tr.lout/ch4.03'
fi
if test -f 'doc/tr.lout/ch4.04' -a "${1}" != "-c" ; then
  echo shar: Will not clobber existing file \"'doc/tr.lout/ch4.04'\"
else
  echo shar: Extracting \"'doc/tr.lout/ch4.04'\" \(10583 characters\)
  sed "s/^X//" >'doc/tr.lout/ch4.04' <<'END_OF_FILE'
X@Section
X   @Title { Chapters and sections }
X   @Tag { chapters }
X@Begin
X@PP
XThe definitions of chapters and sections from the DocumentLayout package
Xchapters @Index { Chapters and sections }
Xform the subject of this section.  They allow a chapter to be entered
Xlike this:
Xdocument.layout.chapters @SubIndex { chapters and sections }
X@ID @Code {
X"@Chapter"
X"    @Title { ... }"
X"    @Tag { ... }"
X"@Begin"
X"    ..."
X"@End @Chapter"
X}
XWithin the chapter a sequence of sections may be included by writing
X@ID @Code {
X"@BeginSections"
X"@Section { ... }"
X"..."
X"@Section { ... }"
X"@EndSections"
X}
XThese are numbered automatically, and an entry is made for each in a
Xtable of contents.
X@PP
XThe user of the DocumentLayout package can find the number of the chapter or
Xsection with a given tag by writing @Code "@NumberOf tag" at any point
Xin the document.  This feature is based on the following definitions:
Xnumberof.example @Index { @Code "@NumberOf" example }
X@ID @Code {
X"export @Tag"
X"def @NumberMarker right @Tag { @Null }"
X""
X"def @NumberOf right x"
X"{  @NumberMarker&&x @Open { @Tag }  }"
X}
XEach chapter and section will contain one invocation of
X{@Code "@NumberMarker"}; a full explanation will be given later.
X@PP
XA sequence of places for receiving chapters is easily defined:
X@ID @Code {
X"export @Tag"
X"def @ChapterList right @Tag"
X"{"
X"    @Galley"
X"    //@ChapterGap  @ChapterList @Next @Tag"
X"}"
X}
X@Code "@ChapterGap" will usually be {@Code "1.1b"}, ensuring that each
Xchapter begins on a new page.  The @Code "@Chapter" galley itself is
Xdefined as follows:
Xchapter.example @Index { @Code "@Chapter" example }
X@IndentedList
X@LI @Code {
X"export @FootNote @BeginSections @EndSections @Section"
X"def @Chapter force into { @ChapterList&&preceding }"
X"    named @Tag {}"
X"    named @Title {}"
X"    named @RunningTitle { dft }"
X"    body @Body"
X"{"
X"    def @FootNote right x { @ColFootNote x }"
X""
X"    def @BeginSections ..."
X"    def @EndSections ..."
X"    def @Section ..."
X}
X@LI @Code {
X"    def @ChapterTitle"
X"    {"
X"        @ChapterNumbers @Case {"
X"            {Yes yes}  @Yield  { Chapter {@NumberOf @Tag}.  |2s  @Title }"
X"            else  @Yield  @Title"
X"        }"
X"    }"
X""
X"    def @ChapterNum"
X"    {"
X"        @ChapterNumbers @Case {"
X"            {Yes yes}  @Yield  { Chapter {@NumberOf @Tag} }"
X"            else  @Yield @Null"
X"        }"
X"    }"
X}
X@LI @Code {
X"        ragged @Break @BookTitleFormat @ChapterTitle"
X"    //  @NumberMarker {"
X"            @ChapterList&&@Tag @Open { @Tag }"
X"        }"
X"    //  @ChapterList&&preceding  @Tagged @Tag"
X"    //  @NumberMarker&&preceding @Tagged @Tag"
X"    //  @PageMarker&&preceding   @Tagged @Tag"
X"    //  { @ChapterTitle } @MajorContentsEntry {@PageOf @Tag}"
X"    //  @Runner"
X"            @FootEven { |0.5rt 0.8f @Font @B @PageNum }"
X"            @FootOdd  { |0.5rt 0.8f @Font @B @PageNum }"
X"    //  @Body"
X"    //@SectionGap @ChapRefSection"
X"    //  @Runner"
X"            @TopEven { @B @PageNum |1rt @I @ChapterNum }"
X"            @TopOdd  { @I {@RunningTitle @OrElse @Title} |1rt @B @PageNum }"
X"}"
X}
X@EndList
XWe will see the symbols for sections shortly.  Notice how their use has
Xbeen restricted to within the right parameter of {@Code "@Chapter"}, by
Xnesting them and using a body parameter.
X@PP
XThe meaning of @Code "@FootNote" within @Code "@Chapter" has been set
Xto {@Code "@ColFootNote"}, which produces a footnote targeted to
X{@Code "@ColFootList"} (see Section {@NumberOf pagelayout}).  In other
Xwords, footnotes within chapters go at the foot of the column, not at
Xthe foot of the page.  (Of course, in single-column books this
Xdistinction is insignificant.)  @Code "@ChapterTitle" and
X@Code "@ChapterNum" are trivial definitions which vary depending on
Xwhether the user has requested numbered chapters or not.
X@PP
XEach invocation of @Code "@Chapter" has its own unique {@Code "@Tag"},
Xeither supplied by the user or else inserted automatically by Lout.  We
Xnow trace the cross referencing of chapter numbers on a hypothetical
Xthird chapter whose tag is {@Code "euclid"}.
X@PP
X@Code "@ChapterList&&preceding @Tagged euclid" attaches @Code "euclid"
Xas an extra tag to the first invocation of @Code "@ChapterList"
Xpreceding itself in the final printed document.  But this
X@Code "@ChapterList" must be the target of the chapter, and so
X@ID @Code "@ChapterList&&euclid @Open { @Tag }"
Xis 3, the number of the chapter ({@Code "@Tag"} refers to the parameter
Xof {@Code "@ChapterList"}, not the parameter of {@Code "@Chapter"}).
X Consequently the invocation of
X@Code "@NumberMarker" within the chapter is equal to
X{@Code "@NumberMarker 3"}.
X@PP
X@Code "@NumberMarker&&preceding @Tagged euclid" attaches @Code "euclid"
Xto {@Code "@NumberMarker 3"} as an extra tag, and so
X{@Code "@NumberOf euclid"}, which expands to
X@ID @Code "@NumberMarker&&euclid @Open { @Tag }"
Xmust be equal to 3, as required.  This scheme could be simplified by
Xplacing the invocation of @Code "@NumberMarker" within
X@Code "@ChapterList" rather than within {@Code "@Chapter"}, but it turns
Xout that that scheme does not generalize well to sections and subsections.
X@PP
XThere is a trap for the unwary in the use of @Code preceding and
X{@Code following}.  Suppose that the invocation of @Code "@NumberMarker"
Xwithin @Code "@Chapter" is replaced by the seemingly equivalent
X@ID @Code "@NumberMarker { @ChapterList&&preceding @Open { @Tag } }"
XNow suppose that @Code "@NumberOf euclid" appears somewhere within
XChapter 7.  It will expand to
X@ID @Code "@NumberMarker&&euclid @Open { @Tag }"
Xwhich would now be equal to
X@ID @Code "@ChapterList&&preceding @Open { @Tag }"
Xwhose value, evaluated as it is within Chapter 7, is 7, not 3.  Use of
X@Code preceding or @Code following within the parameter
Xof a symbol, rather than within the body, is likely to be erroneous.
X@PP
XMuch of the remainder of the definition of @Code "@Chapter" is fairly
Xself-explanatory:  there is a heading, a tag sent to mark the page on
Xwhich the chapter begins, a @Code "@ContentsEntry" galley sent to the
Xtable of contents, galleys for the figures and tables of the chapter to
Xcollect in, @Code "@Body" where the body of the chapter goes, and
X@Code "@ChapRefSection" to hold a concluding list of references.  This
Xleaves only the two invocations of @Code "@Runner" to explain.
X@PP
XThe first @Code "@Runner" is just below the heading.  It will be the target
Xof the @Code "@Runner&&following" cross reference at the beginning of the
Xfirst page of the chapter (see Section {@NumberOf pagelayout}), which
Xconsequently will have null running headers and the given footers.
X@PP
XThe second @Code "@Runner" appears at the very end of the chapter, hence
Xon its last page.  Since no invocations of @Code "@Runner" lie between
Xit and the first {@Code "@Runner"}, it will be the target of
X@Code "@Runner&&following" on every page from the second page of the
Xchapter to the last, inclusive, and will supply the format of their
Xheaders and footers.
X@PP
XThe interested reader might care to predict the outcome in unusual
Xcases, such as when the heading occupies two pages, or when a chapter
Xoccupies only one, or (assuming a change to the gap between chapters)
Xwhen a chapter starts halfway down a page.  Such predictions can be made
Xwith great confidence.
X@PP
XThe expression @Code "@RunningTitle @OrElse @Title" appearing in the second
X@Code "@Runner" returns the value of the @Code "@RunningTitle" parameter
Xof @Code "@Chapter" if this is not equal to the default value
X{@Code "dft"}, or @Code "@Title" otherwise:
Xorelse.example @Index { @Code "@OrElse" example }
X@ID @Code {
X"def @OrElse"
X"    left x"
X"    right y"
X"{"
X"    x @Case {"
X"        dft  @Yield  y"
X"        else  @Yield  x"
X"    }"
X"}"
X}
XThis produces the effect of
X@ID @Code {
X"named  @RunningTitle  {  @Title  }"
X}
Xwhich unfortunately is not permissible as it stands, because @Code "@Title"
Xis not visible within the default value of {@Code "@RunningTitle"}.
X@PP
XFinally, the definitions for sections omitted earlier are as follows:
Xsection.example @Index { @Code "@Section" example }
X@IndentedList
X@LI @Code {
X"def @EndSectionsPlace { @Galley }"
X"def @EndSections force into { @EndSectionsPlace&&preceding } {}"
X"macro @BeginSections { //@SectionGap @SectionList 1 // @EndSectionsPlace // }"
X}
X@LI @Code {
X"def @Section force into { @SectionList&&preceding }"
X"    named @Tag {}"
X"    named @Title {}"
X"    named @RunningTitle { dft }"
X"    body @Body"
X"{"
X"    def @SectionTitle"
X"    {"
X"        @SectionNumbers @Case {"
X"            {Yes yes} @Yield { {@NumberOf @Tag}.  |2s  @Title }"
X"            else      @Yield @Title"
X"        }"
X"    }"
X""
X"        @Heading @Protect @SectionTitle"
X"    //  @NumberMarker {"
X"            {@ChapterList&&@Tag @Open { @Tag }}.{"
X"             @SectionList&&@Tag @Open { @Tag }}"
X"        }"
X"    //  @ChapterList&&preceding  @Tagged @Tag"
X"    //  @SectionList&&preceding  @Tagged @Tag"
X"    //  @NumberMarker&&preceding @Tagged @Tag"
X"    //  @PageMarker&&preceding   @Tagged @Tag"
X"    //  { &3f @SectionTitle } @ContentsEntry {@PageOf @Tag}"
X"    //0io @Body"
X"}"
X}
X@EndList
XThe @Code "@BeginSections" macro invokes {@Code "@SectionList"},
Xpreceded by the appropriate gap and followed by an @Code "@EndSectsPlace"
Xfor closing the list of sections when the @Code "@EndSections" symbol is
Xfound.  @Code "@Section" itself is just a copy of @Code "@Chapter" with
Xslight changes to the format.  The parameter of @Code "@NumberMarker" is
Xa simple generalization of the one within {@Code "@Chapter"}.  Notice
Xthat we have taken care that the value of this parameter be
Xa juxtaposition of simple words:  although
X@ID @Code {
X"{@ChapterList&&@Tag @Open { @Tag }}. &"
X"{@SectionList&&@Tag @Open { @Tag }}"
X}
Xis formally equivalent, @Code "&" is not permitted within a
X@Code "@Tag" parameter.
X@PP
XThe DocumentLayout package also contains definitions for subsections in the
Xsame style.  They raise the question of whether Lout is capable of
Xproducing subsections should the user place {@Code "@BeginSections"},
X{@Code "@Section"}, and {@Code "@EndSections"} within a {@I section},
Xand whether such nesting could proceed to arbitrary depth.  Arbitrary
Xnesting of sections within sections is available now, although the
Xnumbering would of course be wrong.  The author has worked out
Xdefinitions which provide correct numbering to arbitrary depth, with an
Xarbitrary format for each level.  These were not incorporated into
XDocumentLayout because the author considers sub-subsections to be poor
Xstyle, and he prefers separate names for the symbols at each level.
X@End @Section
END_OF_FILE
  if test 10583 -ne `wc -c <'doc/tr.lout/ch4.04'`; then
    echo shar: \"'doc/tr.lout/ch4.04'\" unpacked with wrong size!
  fi
  # end of 'doc/tr.lout/ch4.04'
fi
if test -f 'font/Symbo.AFM' -a "${1}" != "-c" ; then
  echo shar: Will not clobber existing file \"'font/Symbo.AFM'\"
else
  echo shar: Extracting \"'font/Symbo.AFM'\" \(9486 characters\)
  sed "s/^X//" >'font/Symbo.AFM' <<'END_OF_FILE'
XStartFontMetrics 2.0
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XComment Creation Date:Thu Apr 16 08:46:05 PST 1987
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END_OF_FILE
  if test 9486 -ne `wc -c <'font/Symbo.AFM'`; then
    echo shar: \"'font/Symbo.AFM'\" unpacked with wrong size!
  fi
  # end of 'font/Symbo.AFM'
fi
if test -f 'z27.c' -a "${1}" != "-c" ; then
  echo shar: Will not clobber existing file \"'z27.c'\"
else
  echo shar: Extracting \"'z27.c'\" \(10261 characters\)
  sed "s/^X//" >'z27.c' <<'END_OF_FILE'
X/*@z27.c:Debug Service:Debug flags@*******************************************/
X/*                                                                           */
X/*  LOUT: A HIGH-LEVEL LANGUAGE FOR DOCUMENT FORMATTING (VERSION 2.05)       */
X/*  COPYRIGHT (C) 1993 Jeffrey H. Kingston                                   */
X/*                                                                           */
X/*  Jeffrey H. Kingston ([e-mail])                                   */
X/*  Basser Department of Computer Science                                    */
X/*  The University of Sydney 2006                                            */
X/*  AUSTRALIA                                                                */
X/*                                                                           */
X/*  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify     */
X/*  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by     */
X/*  the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option)      */
X/*  any later version.                                                       */
X/*                                                                           */
X/*  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,          */
X/*  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of           */
X/*  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the            */
X/*  GNU General Public License for more details.                             */
X/*                                                                           */
X/*  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License        */
X/*  along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software              */
X/*  Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.                */
X/*                                                                           */
X/*  FILE:         z27.c                                                      */
X/*  MODULE:       Debug Service                                              */
X/*  EXTERNS:      dbg[], DebugInit(), Debug()                                */
X/*                ProfileOn(), ProfileOff(), ProfilePrint()                  */
X/*                                                                           */
X/*****************************************************************************/
X#include "externs"
X
X#if DEBUG_ON
Xstruct dbs  dbg[] = {
X    "zz",    0, 0, 0,        /* - unused -                */
X    "sp",    0, 0, 0,        /* Supervise                 */
X    "la",    0, 0, 0,        /* Lexical Analyser          */
X    "fs",    0, 0, 0,        /* File Service              */
X    "ts",    0, 0, 0,        /* Token Service             */
X    "rd",    0, 0, 0,        /* Read Definitions          */
X    "op",    0, 0, 0,        /* Object Parser             */
X    "os",    0, 0, 0,        /* Object Service            */
X    "om",    0, 0, 0,        /* Object Manifest           */
X    "ce",    0, 0, 0,        /* Closure Expansion         */
X    "cr",    0, 0, 0,        /* Cross References          */
X    "ss",    0, 0, 0,        /* Style Service             */
X    "sf",    0, 0, 0,        /* Size Finder               */
X    "ob",    0, 0, 0,        /* Object Breaking           */
X    "of",    0, 0, 0,        /* Object Filling            */
X    "sc",    0, 0, 0,        /* Size Constraints          */
X    "sa",    0, 0, 0,        /* Size Adjustments          */
X    "gw",    0, 0, 0,        /* Gap Widths                */
X    "gt",    0, 0, 0,        /* Galley Transfer           */
X    "ga",    0, 0, 0,        /* Galley Attaching          */
X    "gf",    0, 0, 0,        /* Galley Flusher            */
X    "gm",    0, 0, 0,        /* Galley Maker              */
X    "gs",    0, 0, 0,        /* Galley Service            */
X    "gp",    0, 0, 0,        /* Galley Printer            */
X    "ps",    0, 0, 0,        /* Print Service             */
X    "oe",    0, 0, 0,        /* Object Echo               */
X    "es",    0, 0, 0,        /* Echo Service              */
X    "zz",    0, 0, 0,        /* Debug Service (unused)    */
X    "yy",    0, 0, 0,        /* Error Service             */
X    "st",    0, 0, 0,        /* Symbol Table              */
X    "su",    0, 0, 0,        /* Symbol Uses               */
X    "ma",    0, 0, 0,        /* Memory Allocator          */
X    "cs",    0, 0, 0,        /* Counter Service           */
X    "bs",    0, 0, 0,        /* Database Service          */
X    "rs",    0, 0, 0,        /* Rotation Service          */
X    "tk",    0, 0, 0,        /* Time Keeper               */
X    "hy",    0, 0, 0,        /* Hyphenation               */
X    "ft",    0, 0, 0,        /* Font Tables               */
X    "ev",    0, 0, 0,        /* Encoding Vextors          */
X    "sh",    0, 0, 0,        /* String Handler            */
X    "pp",    0, 0, 0,        /* Profiling                 */
X    "",      0, 0, 0,        /* any                       */
X};
X
X/*@::DebugInit(), Debug()@****************************************************/
X/*                                                                           */
X/*  DebugInit(str)                                                           */
X/*                                                                           */
X/*  Turn on the debug flag given by str.                                     */
X/*                                                                           */
X/*****************************************************************************/
X
XDebugInit(str)
XFULL_CHAR *str;
X{ int j, urg;
X  for( urg = 0;  urg < 2 && str[urg+2] == CH_FLAG_DEBUG;  urg++ );
X  for( j = 1;  ;  j++ )
X  { if( StringEqual(AsciiToFull(dbg[j].flag), &str[urg+2]) )  break;
X    if( StringEqual(AsciiToFull(dbg[j].flag), STR_EMPTY) )
X      Error(FATAL, no_fpos, "unknown debug flag %s", str);
X  }
X  for( ;  urg >= 0;  urg-- )  dbg[j].on[urg] = dbg[ANY].on[urg] = TRUE;
X} /* end DebugInit */
X
X
X/*****************************************************************************/
X/*                                                                           */
X/*  Debug(category, urgency, str, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6, p7, p8)            */
X/*                                                                           */
X/*  Print str on debug output, if the flag corresponding to the given        */
X/*  debug category and urgency is on.                                        */
X/*                                                                           */
X/*****************************************************************************/
X
X/*VARARGS3*/
XDebug(category, urgency, str, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6, p7, p8)
Xint category, urgency;  char *str;  int p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6, p7, p8;
X{ static BOOLEAN first_message = TRUE;
X  if( first_message )
X  { fprintf(stderr, "\nLout Debug Output:\n");
X    first_message = FALSE;
X  }
X  fprintf(stderr, "%2s: ", dbg[category].flag);
X  fprintf(stderr, str, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6, p7, p8);
X  fprintf(stderr, "\n");
X  fflush(stderr);
X} /* end Debug */
X
X
X/*@::ProfileOn(), ProfileOff(), ProfilePrint()@*******************************/
X/*                                                                           */
X/*  ProfileOn(str)                                                           */
X/*                                                                           */
X/*  Start profiling label str.                                               */
X/*                                                                           */
X/*****************************************************************************/
X#define MAXPROF    20
X#include <time.h>
X
Xstruct profrec
X{ char *label;            /* label of the profile              */
X  int calls;            /* number of calls with this label   */
X  long time;            /* total time of this label          */
X};
X
Xstatic struct profrec profstack[MAXPROF];
Xstatic struct profrec profstore[MAXPROF];
Xstatic int proftop = 0, profsize = 0;
X
XProfileOn(str)
Xchar *str;
X{ int i;  long raw_time;
X  for( i = 0;  i < proftop;  i++ )
X  { if( strcmp(profstack[i].label, str) == 0 )
X    { for( i = 0;  i < proftop;  i++ )
X    fprintf(stderr, "profstack[%d] = %s\n", i, profstack[i].label);
X      Error(INTERN, no_fpos, "ProfileOn: %s restarted", str);
X    }
X  }
X  if( proftop == MAXPROF )  Error(INTERN, no_fpos, "ProfileOn: overflow");
X  time(&raw_time);  profstack[proftop].label = str;
X  profstack[proftop++].time  = raw_time;
X} /* end ProfileOn */
X
X
X/*****************************************************************************/
X/*                                                                           */
X/*  ProfileOff(str)                                                          */
X/*                                                                           */
X/*  Stop profiling label str.                                                */
X/*                                                                           */
X/*****************************************************************************/
X
XProfileOff(str)
Xchar *str;
X{ int i;  long raw_time;
X  if( proftop == 0 || strcmp(profstack[proftop-1].label, str) != 0 )
X    Error(INTERN, no_fpos, "ProfileOff: %s is not the current label", str);
X  for( i = 0;  i < profsize && strcmp(profstore[i].label, str) != 0; i++ );
X  if( i >= profsize )
X  { if( profsize++ == MAXPROF )  Error(INTERN, no_fpos, "ProfileOff: overflow");
X    profstore[i].label = str;
X    profstore[i].calls = 0;
X    profstore[i].time  = 0;
X  }
X  time(&raw_time);  profstore[i].calls += 1;
X  profstore[i].time  += (raw_time - profstack[--proftop].time);
X} /* end ProfileOff */
X
X
X/*****************************************************************************/
X/*                                                                           */
X/*  ProfilePrint()                                                           */
X/*                                                                           */
X/*  Print results of profiling.                                              */
X/*                                                                           */
X/*****************************************************************************/
X
XProfilePrint()
X{ int i;
X  for( i = 0;  i < profsize;  i++ )
X  { fprintf(stderr, "Profile %-20s  %6d secs, %3d calls, %6.2f secs/call\n",
X    profstore[i].label, profstore[i].time, profstore[i].calls,
X    (float) profstore[i].time / profstore[i].calls );
X  }
X} /* end ProfilePrint */
X#endif
END_OF_FILE
  if test 10261 -ne `wc -c <'z27.c'`; then
    echo shar: \"'z27.c'\" unpacked with wrong size!
  fi
  # end of 'z27.c'
fi
echo shar: End of archive 28 \(of 35\).
cp /dev/null ark28isdone
MISSING=""
for I in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 ; do
    if test ! -f ark${I}isdone ; then
    MISSING="${MISSING} ${I}"
    fi
done
if test "${MISSING}" = "" ; then
    echo You have unpacked all 35 archives.
    rm -f ark[1-9]isdone ark[1-9][0-9]isdone
else
    echo You still must unpack the following archives:
    echo "        " ${MISSING}
fi
exit 0
exit 0 # Just in case...