Source Code 1994 March/Source_Code_CD-ROM_Walnut_Creek_March_1994.iso/compsrcs/misc/volume37/perlref/part01

Text File | 1993-05-18 | 56.3 KB | 1,009 lines

Newsgroups: comp.sources.misc
From: [e-mail] (Johan Vromans)
Subject: v37i082:  perlref - Perl Reference Guide 4.036.1, Part01/03
Message-ID: <csm-v37i082=[e-mail]>
X-Md4-Signature: ea5540b05c1d47b85a4a152876782ad3
Date: Wed, 19 May 1993 21:20:08 GMT
Approved: [e-mail]

Submitted-by: [e-mail] (Johan Vromans)
Posting-number: Volume 37, Issue 82
Archive-name: perlref/part01
Environment: Perl v4.036
Supersedes: perlref: Volume 32, Issue 1-4

Finally here it is: the new and updated version of the

    Perl Reference Guide.

This version has been updated to match Perl 4.036.

As posted, the kit contains a ready-to-print PostScript version and
a LaTeX source kit.

The Perl Reference Guide is a typeset quick reference guide to
Larry Wall's Perl program.

It contains a concise description of all Perl 4.0 statements,
functions, variables and lots of other useful information.
The Guide is based on Perl version 4.0, patchlevel 36.

The purpose of the Reference Guide is to aid in the use of Perl, to
look up the syntax of specific functions, statements and the meaning
of built-in variables.  It is *NOT* a self-contained user guide -
basic knowledge of the Perl language is required. It is *NOT* complete
- some of the more obscure variants of perl constructs have been left
out.  But all functions and variables are mentioned in at least one
way they can be used.

Happy hacking!

    Johan
-----------------------------------------------------
#! /bin/sh
# This is a shell archive.  Remove anything before this line, then feed it
# into a shell via "sh file" or similar.  To overwrite existing files,
# type "sh file -c".
# Contents:  README Layout refbase.ps.A
# Wrapped by kent@sparky on Wed May 19 14:08:36 1993
PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/ucb:/usr/local/bin:/usr/lbin ; export PATH
echo If this archive is complete, you will see the following message:
echo '          "shar: End of archive 1 (of 3)."'
if test -f 'README' -a "${1}" != "-c" ; then
  echo shar: Will not clobber existing file \"'README'\"
else
  echo shar: Extracting \"'README'\" \(6591 characters\)
  sed "s/^X//" >'README' <<'END_OF_FILE'
X                 INTRODUCTION
X                 ============
X
X             The Perl 4.0 Reference Guide
X
X            Revised: 93/05/18
X
XThe Perl Reference Guide is a typeset quick reference guide to
XLarry Wall's Perl program.
X
XIt contains a concise description of all Perl 4.0 statements,
Xfunctions, variables and lots of other useful information.
XThe Guide is based on Perl version 4.0, patchlevel 36.
X
XThe purpose of the Reference Guide is to aid in the use of Perl, to
Xlook up the syntax of specific functions, statements and the meaning
Xof built-in variables.  It is *NOT* a self-contained user guide -
Xbasic knowledge of the Perl language is required. It is *NOT* complete
X- some of the more obscure variants of perl constructs have been left
Xout.  But all functions and variables are mentioned in at least one
Xway they can be used.
X
XThe Reference Guide is designed and created by Johan Vromans using the
XLaTex typesetting system. For best results, Tom Rockiki's dvips 5.47
Xshould be used to generate the PostScript output.
XYour mileage may vary when you use other ouput mechanisms.
X
XA special formatting tool, written in Perl, makes it possible to
Xreformat this PostScript output for reproduction in a number of
Xformats.  If you cannot run this tool, you do not need the
Xinformation either.
X
XThe version number of the Reference Guide is coupled to the version of
XPerl, e.g. 4.019.2 means: the third release suitable for perl 4
Xpatchlevel 19.
X
XINSTALLATION
X============
X
X 1. Unload the distribution
X
X    After unloading the distribution, you will have the following files:
X
X    README        - this file
X    ChangeLog   - description of changes
X    Makefile    - make file
X    parr        - reformat and rearrange tool
X    Layout        - description of the format
X    MANIFEST    - a list of files
X    refbase.tex - LaTeX source for the Reference Guide
X    refbase.sty - LaTeX style for the Reference Guide
X    refbase.ps  - pre-generated PostScript base
X
X 2. Create the PostScript base file
X
X    You can skip this step if you already have a pre-generated
X    PostScript base file.
X    This step requires the LaTeX typesetting system, and dvips version
X    5.47 or later.
X
X    - Use "make refbase-ps" (a dash, not a dot) to create a new
X      PostScript file from the LaTeX source. This file can be printed
X      normally.
X
X    NOTE: dvips must be instructed to use a4 format paper ('-t a4')
X      even if you intend to print on a different format!
X
X 3. Create the RefGuide from the PostScript base
X
X    As distributed, the Makefile is configured to generate output for
X    A4 (21 x 29.7 cm) paper format. Use "make PAPER= ..." to select US
X    Letter (8.5 x 11") format.  Both formats should be printable on
X    all industry-standard PostScript printers.
X
X    You can use "make" to generate a new PostScript file for one of
X    the following formats:
X
X     - Use "make refguide.ps" to create a guide formatted in 10 pages
X       of 2-column text. It should be printed double-sided, stapled in
X       the middle, folded, and cut to size to have a 16-page 3.5 x 8"
X       booklet.
X
X     - Use "make 2pass" to create a set of odd and even pages for
X       double sided printing. First print "guide-odd.ps". Then put the
X       paper back in the tray, and print either "guide-even1.ps" or
X       "guide-even2.ps", depending on the way your printer arranges
X       the printed paper.
X       "guide-even1.ps" is for printers with correct output stacking like
X       Apple LaserWriter II.
X       "guide-even2.ps" is for printers with reverse output stacking,
X       like old Apple LaserWriters.
X       In other words, after printing "guide-odd.ps", if the
X       text of the cover page is on top -- use "guide-even1.ps".
X       But if you're looking at the text of pages 9/10 -- use
X       "guide-even2.ps".
X
X    "make" without arguments will default to refguide.ps .
X
X    If your printout is not correct, feel free to change the figures in
X    subroutine 'twoup' of the 'parr' program. The file Layout
X    describes in more detail how the Guide should look like.
X
X    On printers that support it, duplex printing is done.
X
XComments are welcome, send them to the author.
X
XIF YOU DON'T HAVE A POSTSCRIPT PRINTER
X======================================
X
XLook in perlref.sty for comments with ">>>>" as a guide.  The output
Xwill not be as perfect, but still very useful.
X
XHISTORY
X=======
X
XThe first version of the Reference Guide --"reference card" is was
Xcalled then-- appeared in 1989 with perl version 2.0. It was created
Xusing an Apple Macintosh and the RagTime DeskTop publishing tool.
XIt was 9 pages, I believe. The PostScript output was extracted from
Xthe Mac and hacked for 'normal' use with the macps program.
X
XWith perl version 3 came the next version. A 15-page card format, and
Xa 16-page reference guide. This time, the Guide was created using
XMicroSoft Word, still on Macintosh. Tools were supplied to manipulate
Xthe PostScript file to suit different printing formats.
XIn a later version, the card format was abandoned.
X
XNext came the Camel version, with perl 4.0. Lots of measurements had
Xbeen taken to have the abundance of new functions fit on 16 pages.
X
XAfter the book appeared, I decided to rework the Guide to use more
Xpages, and different styles and fonts for clarity. I reworked the
XMS-Word version, to find out that the resultant PostScript file had
Xincreased from 90Kb to 180Kb!
XSo I decided to start again, from scratch (well, almost) using the
XLaTeX typesetting system. The resultant PostScript file is now 80Kb,
Xwhile it prints out almost identical to the 180Kb MS-Word version.
X
XCREDITS
X=======
X
XThe Perl Reference Guide is copyrighted by the author. It may be
Xreproduced, printed and distributed freely, as long as the original
Xauthor gets the credits, and the copyright notice is not removed from
Xthe text. It may not be turned into a commercial product except with
Xwritten permission of the author.
X
X---------------------------- author info -----------------------------
X                Johan Vromans
X Multihouse Research, Doesburgweg 7, 2803 PL  Gouda, the Netherlands
X           tel. [phone], fax. [phone]
X              email: <[e-mail]>
X----------------------------------------------------------------------
X
XI like to thank everyone who has helped me (and encouraged me) to get
Xthe job done, and to get the results to you. Especially Tom
XChristiansen and JGreely (for "parr") And Larry Wall, of course,
Xwithout whom I would have spent lots of time annoying myself.
X
XFor a japanese version of the reference guide, please contact
XYoshiyuki KONDO <[e-mail]>.
X
X-- PostScript is a trademark of Adobe, I assume.
X@(#)@ README    4.2.6
END_OF_FILE
  if test 6591 -ne `wc -c <'README'`; then
    echo shar: \"'README'\" unpacked with wrong size!
  fi
  # end of 'README'
fi
if test -f 'Layout' -a "${1}" != "-c" ; then
  echo shar: Will not clobber existing file \"'Layout'\"
else
  echo shar: Extracting \"'Layout'\" \(1112 characters\)
  sed "s/^X//" >'Layout' <<'END_OF_FILE'
XThis is the layout of the pages of the reference guide
X
X
X            center of paper
X              |
X    +-----------------+-----------------+
X    |                           <----------- top margin
X    |     xxxxxxxxxx  :  xxxxxxxxxx     |
X    |     xxxxxxxxxx     xxxxxxxxxx     |
X    |     xxxxxxxxxx     xxxxxxxxxx     |
X    |     xxxxxxxxxx     xxxxxxxxxx     |
X    |     xxxxxxxxxx     xxxxxxxxxx  <------ right margin
X    |     xxxxxxxxxx     xxxxxxxxxx     |
X    |     xxxxxxxxxx     xxxxxxxxxx     |
X    | ^   xxxxxxxxxx     xxxxxxxxxx     |
X    | |   xxxxxxxxxx     xxxxxxxxxx     |
X    | |   xxxxxxxxxx  :  xxxxxxxxxx     |
X    | |                                 |
X    +-|---------------------------------+
X      |
X     left margin
X
X
XThese are the values:
X            A4 (cm)        US Letter (inch)
X    text width         9.0        3.5        same for both
X    text height        19.2        7.5        same for both
X    top margin          1.0        0.5
X    left margin         4.9        1.6
X    right margin     4.9        1.6
X    space between     2.0        0.8        same for both
X
XAfter printing double-sided, the pages can be stapled (the ":" in the
Xpicture), folded, and the excess margins cut off. Personally, I cut it
Xto 10.6 cm (4.2 inch).
END_OF_FILE
  if test 1112 -ne `wc -c <'Layout'`; then
    echo shar: \"'Layout'\" unpacked with wrong size!
  fi
  # end of 'Layout'
fi
if test -f 'refbase.ps.A' -a "${1}" != "-c" ; then
  echo shar: Will not clobber existing file \"'refbase.ps.A'\"
else
  echo shar: Extracting \"'refbase.ps.A'\" \(45310 characters\)
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X1532 y(In)g(scalar)g(context:)e(returns)i(the)f(\256rst)g(element)g(of)h
XFf(LIST)f Fj(with)f(bytes)h(reversed.)354 1597 y Fd(scalar\()p
XFi(@)p Ff(ARRA)m(Y)p Fd(\))472 1654 y Fj(Returns)h(the)f(number)g(of)g
X(elements)g(in)g(the)g(array)m(.)354 1718 y Fd(scalar\()p Fi(\045)q
XFf(ARRA)m(Y)p Fd(\))472 1775 y Fj(Returns)h(TRUE)g(if)f(the)g(associative)g
X(array)h(has)f(elements)g(de\256ned.)354 1840 y Fd(shift)p
XFj([)p Fd(\()p Fi(@)p Ff(ARRA)m(Y)p Fd(\))p Fj(*])472 1896
Xy(Shifts)g(the)h(\256rst)f(value)g(of)h(the)f(array)h(of)o(f)g(and)f(returns)
Xh(it,)f(shortening)f(the)h(array)i(by)e(1)472 1953 y(and)h(moving)e
X(everything)g(down.)i(If)g Fi(@)p Ff(ARRA)m(Y)e Fj(is)h(omitted,)g(shifts)f
XFi(@ARGV)j Fj(in)e(main)472 2009 y(and)h Fi(@_)g Fj(in)f(subroutines.)354
X2074 y Fd(sort\()h Fj([)p Ff(SUBROUTINE)f Fj(])g Ff(LIST)p
XFd(\))p Fj(*)472 2130 y(Sorts)h(the)f Ff(LIST)g Fj(and)g(returns)h(the)f
X(sorted)g(array)h(value.)g(If)g Ff(SUBROUTINE)e Fj(is)472 2187
Xy(speci\256ed,)j(gives)d(the)i(name)f(of)g(a)h(subroutine)e(that)h(returns)g
X(less)g(than)g(zero,)i(zero,)f(or)472 2243 y(greater)h(than)e(zero,)h
X(depending)f(on)g(how)g(the)g(elements)g(of)g(the)g(array)m(,)i(available)e
X(to)472 2300 y(the)h(routine)e(as)i Fi($a)g Fj(and)f Fi($b)p
XFj(,)i(are)f(to)f(be)h(ordered.)472 2356 y Ff(SUBROUTINE)f
XFj(may)g(be)h(the)f(name)g(of)h(a)f(user)o(-de\256ned)h(routine,)g(or)f(a)h
XFf(BLOCK)f Fj(\(see)472 2412 y(\252Statements\272)h(and)f
X(\252Miscellaneous\272\).)354 2477 y Fd(splice\()p Fi(@)p Ff(ARRA)m(Y)p
XFd(,)p Ff(OFFSET)p Fj([)p Fd(,)p Ff(LENGTH)p Fj([)p Fd(,)p
XFf(LIST)p Fj(]])p Fd(\))472 2534 y Fj(Removes)h(the)f(elements)g(of)g
XFi(@)p Ff(ARRA)m(Y)g Fj(designated)g(by)g Ff(OFFSET)h Fj(and)f
XFf(LENGTH)p Fj(,)472 2590 y(and)h(replaces)g(them)f(with)f
XFf(LIST)h Fj(\(if)h(speci\256ed\).)472 2647 y(Returns)g(the)f(elements)g
X(removed.)354 2711 y Fd(split)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p Ff(P)m(A)m(TTERN)p
XFj([)p Fd(,)p Ff(EXPR)p Fe(y)m Fj([)p Fd(,)p Ff(LIMIT)p Fj(]])p
XFd(\))p Fj(])472 2768 y(Splits)g(a)h(string)e(into)h(an)g(array)h(of)g
X(strings,)e(and)i(returns)f(it.)g(If)h Ff(LIMIT)e Fj(is)h(speci\256ed,)472
X2824 y(splits)f(in)h(no)g(more)h(than)f(that)g(many)f(\256elds.)i(If)g
XFf(P)m(A)m(TTERN)f Fj(is)g(also)g(omitted,)f(splits)472 2881
Xy(on)i(whitespace.)f(If)h(not)f(in)g(array)h(context:)f(returns)g(number)g
X(of)g(\256elds)g(and)h(splits)e(to)472 2937 y Fi(@_)p Fj(.)j(See)f(also:)f
X(\252Search)i(and)e(Replace)i(Functions\272.)p 354 3018 1512
X3 v 354 3065 a Fg(7)p eop
X%%Page: 8 10
Xbop 1362 -101 a Fg(Perl)14 b(Reference)f(Guide)p 354 -89 1512
X3 v 354 -12 a Fd(unshift\()p Fi(@)p Ff(ARRA)m(Y)p Fd(,)p Ff(LIST)p
XFd(\))472 45 y Fj(Prepends)f(list)f(to)f(the)i(front)f(of)g(the)h(array)m(,)g
X(and)g(returns)f(the)g(number)g(of)g(elements)g(in)472 101
Xy(the)h(new)f(array)m(.)354 166 y Fd(values\()p Fi(\045)q Ff(ARRA)m(Y)p
XFd(\))p Fj(*)472 222 y(Returns)h(a)g(normal)e(array)j(consisting)c(of)j(all)f
X(the)g(values)g(of)g(the)h(named)f(associative)472 279 y(array)m(.)355
X520 y Fl(13.)19 b(File)h(operations)p 355 541 1512 2 v 354
X642 a Fj(Functions)11 b(operating)g(on)g(a)h(list)e(of)h(\256les)h(return)f
X(the)g(number)g(of)h(\256les)f(successfully)354 698 y(operated)h(upon.)354
X763 y Fd(chmod\()p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 819 y(Changes)g(the)f
X(permissions)f(of)h(a)h(list)e(of)i(\256les.)g(The)f(\256rst)h(element)f(of)g
X(the)g(list)g(must)472 876 y(be)h(the)f(numerical)g(mode.)354
X941 y Fd(chown\()p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 997 y(Changes)h(the)f(owner)h
X(and)f(group)g(of)h(a)f(list)g(of)g(\256les.)h(The)f(\256rst)h(two)f
X(elements)f(of)i(the)472 1054 y(list)f(must)f(be)h(the)h(numerical)f(uid)f
X(and)i(gid.)354 1118 y Fd(truncate\()p Ff(FILE)p Fd(,)p Ff(SIZE)p
XFd(\))472 1175 y Fj(truncates)g Ff(FILE)f Fj(to)g Ff(SIZE)p
XFj(.)g Ff(FILE)g Fj(may)g(be)g(a)h(\256lename)g(or)f(a)h(\256lehandle.)354
X1240 y Fd(link\()p Ff(OLDFILE)p Fd(,)p Ff(NEWFILE)p Fd(\))472
X1296 y Fj(Creates)h(a)e(new)h(\256lename)g(linked)e(to)h(the)g(old)g
X(\256lename.)354 1361 y Fd(lstat\()p Ff(FILE)p Fd(\))472 1417
Xy Fj(Like)h(stat,)f(but)g(does)g(not)f(traverse)i(a)g(\256nal)g(symbolic)e
X(link.)354 1482 y Fd(mkdir\()p Ff(DIR)p Fd(,)p Ff(MODE)p Fd(\))472
X1538 y Fj(Creates)j(a)e(directory)h(with)e(given)h(permissions.)f(Sets)i
XFi($!)g Fj(on)f(failure.)354 1603 y Fd(readlink\()p Ff(EXPR)p
XFe(y)o Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 1660 y(Returns)h(the)f(value)g(of)h(a)g(symbolic)d
X(link.)354 1724 y Fd(rename\()p Ff(OLDNAME)p Fd(,)p Ff(NEWNAME)p
XFd(\))472 1781 y Fj(Changes)j(the)f(name)h(of)f(a)h(\256le.)354
X1846 y Fd(rmdir\()p Ff(FILENAME)p Fe(y)n Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 1902
Xy(Deletes)g(the)f(directory)g(if)h(it)e(is)h(empty)m(.)g(Sets)h
XFi($!)g Fj(on)f(failure.)354 1967 y Fd(stat\()p Ff(FILE)p Fd(\))472
X2023 y Fj(Returns)h(a)g(13-element)e(array)j(\()p Fi($)p Fj(dev)m(,)f
XFi($)p Fj(ino,)g Fi($)p Fj(mode,)f Fi($)q Fj(nlink,)f Fi($)q
XFj(uid,)h Fi($)p Fj(gid,)h Fi($)p Fj(rdev)m(,)472 2080 y Fi($)q
XFj(size,)g Fi($)p Fj(atime,)f Fi($)q Fj(mtime,)f Fi($)q Fj(ctime,)h
XFi($)p Fj(blksize,)h Fi($)p Fj(blocks\).)f Ff(FILE)g Fj(can)h(be)g(a)472
X2136 y(\256lehandle,)g(an)e(expression)g(evaluating)g(to)g(a)h(\256lename,)g
X(or)g Fi(_)g Fj(to)f(refer)i(to)e(the)h(last)f(\256le)472 2193
Xy(test)h(operation.)472 2249 y(Returns)h(a)g(null)e(list)g(if)i(the)f
XFd(stat)g Fj(fails.)354 2314 y Fd(symlink\()p Ff(OLDFILE)p
XFd(,)p Ff(NEWFILE)p Fd(\))472 2370 y Fj(Creates)i(a)e(new)h(\256lename)g
X(symbolically)d(linked)i(to)g(the)g(old)g(\256lename.)354 2435
Xy Fd(unlink\()p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 2491 y(Deletes)h(a)f(list)g(of)g
X(\256les.)354 2556 y Fd(utime\()p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472
X2613 y(Changes)h(the)f(access)h(and)f(modi\256cation)f(times.)g(The)i
X(\256rst)f(two)g(elements)f(of)h(the)g(list)472 2669 y(must)g(be)g(the)g
X(numerical)g(access)h(and)g(modi\256cation)e(times.)p 354 3018
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Xbop 354 -101 a Fg(Perl)14 b(Reference)f(Guide)p 354 -89 1512
X3 v 355 -2 a Fl(14.)19 b(Directory)j(reading)e(routines)p 355
X19 1512 2 v 354 119 a Fd(closedir\()p Ff(DIRHANDLE)p Fd(\))p
XFj(*)472 176 y(Closes)12 b(a)f(directory)h(opened)f(by)g(opendir)m(.)354
END_OF_FILE
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fi
echo shar: End of archive 1 \(of 3\).
cp /dev/null ark1isdone
MISSING=""
for I in 1 2 3 ; do
    if test ! -f ark${I}isdone ; then
    MISSING="${MISSING} ${I}"
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done
if test "${MISSING}" = "" ; then
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else
    echo You still must unpack the following archives:
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fi
exit 0
exit 0 # Just in case...