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  1. Newsgroups: comp.sources.misc
  2. From: jv@mh.nl (Johan Vromans)
  3. Subject:  v28i078:  perlref - Perl Reference Guide 4.019.1 [LaTeX and Postscript], Part02/03
  4. Message-ID: <1992Feb26.175834.25562@sparky.imd.sterling.com>
  5. X-Md4-Signature: 870a81f3ae21f7b19647d10bd1934b42
  6. Date: Wed, 26 Feb 1992 17:58:34 GMT
  7. Approved: kent@sparky.imd.sterling.com
  8.  
  9. Submitted-by: jv@mh.nl (Johan Vromans)
  10. Posting-number: Volume 28, Issue 78
  11. Archive-name: perlref/part02
  12. Environment: Perl, Postscript, Latex
  13.  
  14. #!/bin/sh
  15. # do not concatenate these parts, unpack them in order with /bin/sh
  16. # file refbase.ps continued
  17. #
  18. if test ! -r _shar_seq_.tmp; then
  19.     echo 'Please unpack part 1 first!'
  20.     exit 1
  21. fi
  22. (read Scheck
  23.  if test "$Scheck" != 2; then
  24.     echo Please unpack part "$Scheck" next!
  25.     exit 1
  26.  else
  27.     exit 0
  28.  fi
  29. ) < _shar_seq_.tmp || exit 1
  30. if test ! -f _shar_wnt_.tmp; then
  31.     echo 'x - still skipping refbase.ps'
  32. else
  33. echo 'x - continuing file refbase.ps'
  34. sed 's/^X//' << 'SHAR_EOF' >> 'refbase.ps' &&
  35. Ff(EXPR)f Fj(is)g(parsed)g(and)h(executed)f(as)h(if)f(it)g(were)h(a)g(perl)f
  36. (program.)h(The)f(value)472 2051 y
  37. (returned)h(is)f(the)g(value)g(of)h(the)f(last)g(expression)g(evaluated.)g
  38. (If)h(there)g(is)f(a)h(syntax)472 2108 y
  39. (error)h(or)e(runtime)g(error)n(,)h(an)g(unde\256ned)f(string)g(is)g
  40. (returned)g(by)g Fd(eval)p Fj(,)h(and)f Fi($@)h Fj(is)f(set)472 2164 y
  41. (to)g(the)h(error)g(message.)354 2229 y
  42. Fd(eval)p Fa({)p Ff(EXPR)p Fd(;...)p Fa(})472 2285 y
  43. Fj(Executes)g(the)f(code)h(between)f Fi({)h Fj(and)f Fi(})q Fj(.)g(T)n(raps)h
  44. (run-time)f(errors)h(as)f(described)472 2342 y
  45. (above.)354 2406 y
  46. Fd(index\()p Ff(STR)p Fd(,)p Ff(SUBSTR)p Fj([)p Fd(,)p Ff(OFFSET)p Fj(])p Fd
  47. (\))472 2463 y
  48. Fj(Returns)g(the)g(position)e(of)i Ff(SUBSTR)f Fj(in)g Ff(STR)h Fj(at)g(or)g
  49. (after)g Ff(OFFSET)p Fj(.)h(If)f(the)g(substring)472 2519 y
  50. (is)g(not)g(found,)g(returns)h Fi($[-1)p Fj(.)354 2584 y
  51. Fd(length\()p Ff(EXPR)p Fe(y)o Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 2641 y
  52. (Returns)g(the)f(length)g(in)g(characters)h(of)g(the)f(value)g(of)h Ff
  53. (EXPR)p Fj(.)354 2705 y
  54. Fd(rindex\()p Ff(STR)p Fd(,)p Ff(SUBSTR)p Fj([)p Fd(,)p Ff(OFFSET)p Fj(])p Fd
  55. (\))472 2762 y
  56. Fj(Returns)g(the)f(position)f(of)h(the)g(last)g(occurrence)i(of)e Ff
  57. (SUBSTR)g Fj(in)g Ff(STR)h Fj(at)f(or)g(before)472 2818 y
  58. Ff(OFFSET)p Fj(.)p 354 3018 1512 3 v 1838 3065 a Fg(6)p eop
  59. %%Page: 7 9
  60. bop 354 -101 a Fg(Perl)14 b(Reference)f(Guide)p 354 -89 1512 3 v 354 -12 a Fd
  61. (substr\()p Ff(EXPR)p Fd(,)p Ff(OFFSET)p Fj([)p Fd(,)p Ff(LEN)p Fj(])p Fd
  62. (\))472 45 y
  63. Fj(Extracts)e(a)h(substring)e(out)h(of)g Ff(EXPR)g Fj(and)g(returns)g(it.)h
  64. (If)f Ff(OFFSET)i Fj(is)d(negative,)472 101 y
  65. (counts)h(from)g(the)g(end)h(of)f(the)g(string.)g(May)g(be)h(used)f(as)h(an)f
  66. (lvalue.)355 224 y
  67. Fl(12.)19 b(Array)i(and)f(list)g(functions)p 355 245 1512 2 v 354 346 a Fd
  68. (delete)12 b Fi($)p Ff(ARRA)m(Y)p Fi({)o Ff(KEY)p Fi(})472 402 y
  69. Fj(Deletes)g(the)f(speci\256ed)h(value)f(from)g(the)g(speci\256ed)h
  70. (associative)f(array)m(.)i(Returns)e(the)472 459 y
  71. (deleted)h(value.)354 524 y
  72. Fd(each\()p Fi(\045)q Ff(ARRA)m(Y)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 580 y
  73. (Returns)g(a)g(2-element)f(array)h(consisting)d(of)j(the)f(key)g(and)h(value)f
  74. (for)h(the)f(next)g(value)472 637 y
  75. (of)h(an)f(associative)g(array)m(.)i(Entries)e(are)h(returned)f(in)g(an)h
  76. (apparently)f(random)g(order)m(.)472 693 y
  77. (When)h(the)f(array)h(is)f(entirely)g(read,)i(a)e(null)g(array)h(is)f
  78. (returned.)h(The)f(next)g(call)h(to)472 749 y
  79. Fd(each)g Fj(after)h(that)d(will)h(start)g(iterating)g(again.)354 814 y
  80. Fd(grep\()p Ff(EXPR)p Fd(,)p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))472 871 y
  81. Fj(Evaluates)g Ff(EXPR)g Fj(for)g(each)i(element)e(of)g(the)g Ff(LIST)p Fj(,)h
  82. (locally)e(setting)h Fi($_)h Fj(to)f(refer)h(to)472 927 y
  83. (the)g(element.)f(Modifying)f Fi($_)i Fj(will)e(modify)h(the)g(corresponding)g
  84. (element)g(from)472 984 y
  85. Ff(LIST)p Fj(.)h(Returns)f(array)i(of)e(elements)g(from)g Ff(LIST)g Fj(for)h
  86. (which)f Ff(EXPR)f Fj(returned)i(true.)354 1048 y
  87. Fd(join\()p Ff(EXPR)p Fd(,)p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))472 1105 y
  88. Fj(Joins)e(the)h(separate)h(strings)e(of)h Ff(LIST)g Fj(into)f(a)h(single)g
  89. (string)f(with)g(\256elds)h(separated)g(by)472 1161 y
  90. (the)h(value)f(of)g Ff(EXPR)p Fj(,)g(and)h(returns)f(the)g(string.)354 1226 y
  91. Fd(keys\()p Fi(\045)q Ff(ARRA)m(Y)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 1282 y
  92. (Returns)h(an)f(array)i(with)d(of)i(all)f(the)g(keys)g(of)h(the)f(named)g
  93. (associative)g(array)m(.)354 1347 y
  94. Fd(pop\()p Fi(@)p Ff(ARRA)m(Y)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 1404 y
  95. (Pops)h(and)f(returns)g(the)g(last)g(value)h(of)f(the)g(array)m(,)i(shortens)e
  96. (the)g(array)h(by)f(1.)354 1468 y
  97. Fd(push\()p Fi(@)p Ff(ARRA)m(Y)p Fd(,)p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))472 1525 y
  98. Fj(Pushes)h(the)f(values)g(of)g Ff(LIST)h Fj(onto)e(the)h(end)h(of)f Ff(ARRA)m
  99. (Y)p Fj(.)g(The)g(length)g(of)g(the)h(array)472 1581 y
  100. (increases)g(by)f(the)h(length)e(of)i Ff(LIST)p Fj(.)354 1646 y
  101. Fd(reverse\()p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 1703 y
  102. (In)g(array)g(context:)f(returns)g(the)g Ff(LIST)g Fj(in)g(reverse)h(order)m
  103. (.)472 1759 y
  104. (In)g(scalar)g(context:)e(returns)i(the)f(\256rst)g(element)g(of)h Ff
  105. (LIST)f Fj(with)f(bytes)h(reversed.)354 1824 y
  106. Fd(scalar\()p Fi(@)p Ff(ARRA)m(Y)p Fd(\))472 1880 y
  107. Fj(Returns)h(the)f(number)g(of)g(elements)g(in)g(the)g(array)m(.)354 1945 y
  108. Fd(scalar\()p Fi(\045)q Ff(ARRA)m(Y)p Fd(\))472 2001 y
  109. Fj(Returns)h(TRUE)g(if)f(the)g(associative)g(array)h(has)f(elements)g
  110. (de\256ned.)354 2066 y
  111. Fd(shift)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p Fi(@)p Ff(ARRA)m(Y)p Fd(\))p Fj(*])472 2123 y
  112. (Shifts)g(the)h(\256rst)f(value)g(of)h(the)f(array)h(of)o(f)g(and)f(returns)h
  113. (it,)f(shortening)f(the)h(array)i(by)e(1)472 2179 y
  114. (and)h(moving)e(everything)g(down.)i(If)g Fi(@)p Ff(ARRA)m(Y)e Fj(is)h
  115. (omitted,)g(shifts)f Fi(@ARGV)j Fj(in)e(main)472 2236 y
  116. (and)h Fi(@_)g Fj(in)f(subroutines.)354 2300 y
  117. Fd(sort\()h Fj([)p Ff(SUBROUTINE)f Fj(])g Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 2357 y
  118. (Sorts)h(the)f Ff(LIST)g Fj(and)g(returns)h(the)f(sorted)g(array)h(value.)g
  119. (If)g Ff(SUBROUTINE)e Fj(is)472 2413 y
  120. (speci\256ed,)j(gives)d(the)i(name)f(of)g(a)h(subroutine)e(that)h(returns)g
  121. (less)g(than)g(zero,)i(zero,)f(or)472 2470 y
  122. (greater)h(than)e(zero,)h(depending)f(on)g(how)g(the)g(elements)g(of)g(the)g
  123. (array)m(,)i(available)e(to)472 2526 y
  124. (the)h(routine)e(as)i Fi($a)g Fj(and)f Fi($b)p Fj(,)i(are)f(to)f(be)h
  125. (ordered.)472 2583 y
  126. Ff(SUBROUTINE)f Fj(may)g(be)h(the)f(name)g(of)h(a)f(user)o(-de\256ned)h
  127. (routine,)g(or)f(a)h Ff(BLOCK)f Fj(\(see)472 2639 y
  128. (\252Statements\272)h(and)f(\252Miscellaneous\272\).)354 2704 y
  129. Fd(splice\()p Fi(@)p Ff(ARRA)m(Y)p Fd(,)p Ff(OFFSET)p Fj([)p Fd(,)p Ff
  130. (LENGTH)p Fj([)p Fd(,)p Ff(LIST)p Fj(]])p Fd(\))472 2760 y
  131. Fj(Removes)h(the)f(elements)g(of)g Fi(@)p Ff(ARRA)m(Y)g Fj(designated)g
  132. (by)g Ff(OFFSET)h Fj(and)f Ff(LENGTH)p Fj(,)472 2817 y
  133. (and)h(replaces)g(them)f(with)f Ff(LIST)h Fj(\(if)h(speci\256ed\).)472 2873 y
  134. (Returns)g(the)f(elements)g(removed.)p 354 3018 1512 3 v 354 3065 a Fg(7)p eop
  135. %%Page: 8 10
  136. bop 1362 -101 a Fg(Perl)14 b(Reference)f(Guide)p 354 -89 1512 3 v 354 -12 a Fd
  137. (split)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p Ff(P)m(A)m(TTERN)p Fj([)p Fd(,)p Ff(EXPR)p Fe(y)m Fj
  138. ([)p Fd(,)p Ff(LIMIT)p Fj(]])p Fd(\))p Fj(])472 45 y
  139. (Splits)e(a)h(string)e(into)h(an)g(array)h(of)g(strings,)e(and)i(returns)f
  140. (it.)g(If)h Ff(LIMIT)e Fj(is)h(speci\256ed,)472 101 y
  141. (splits)f(in)h(no)g(more)h(than)f(that)g(many)f(\256elds.)i(If)g Ff(P)m(A)m
  142. (TTERN)f Fj(is)g(also)g(omitted,)f(splits)472 158 y
  143. (on)i(whitespace.)f(If)h(not)f(in)g(array)h(context:)f(returns)g(number)g(of)g
  144. (\256elds)g(and)h(splits)e(to)472 214 y
  145. Fi(@_)p Fj(.)j(See)f(also:)f(\252Search)i(and)e(Replace)i
  146. (Functions\272.)354 279 y
  147. Fd(unshift\()p Fi(@)p Ff(ARRA)m(Y)p Fd(,)p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))472 335 y
  148. Fj(Prepends)f(list)f(to)f(the)i(front)f(of)g(the)h(array)m(,)g(and)g(returns)f
  149. (the)g(number)g(of)g(elements)g(in)472 392 y
  150. (the)h(new)f(array)m(.)354 457 y
  151. Fd(values\()p Fi(\045)q Ff(ARRA)m(Y)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 513 y
  152. (Returns)h(a)g(normal)e(array)j(consisting)c(of)j(all)f(the)g(values)g(of)g
  153. (the)h(named)f(associative)472 570 y
  154. (array)m(.)355 693 y
  155. Fl(13.)19 b(File)h(operations)p 355 714 1512 2 v 354 814 a Fj(Functions)11 b
  156. (operating)g(on)g(a)h(list)e(of)h(\256les)h(return)f(the)g(number)g(of)h
  157. (\256les)f(successfully)354 871 y
  158. (operated)h(upon.)354 935 y
  159. Fd(chmod\()p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 992 y
  160. (Changes)g(the)f(permissions)f(of)h(a)h(list)e(of)i(\256les.)g(The)f(\256rst)h
  161. (element)f(of)g(the)g(list)g(must)472 1048 y
  162. (be)h(the)f(numerical)g(mode.)354 1113 y
  163. Fd(chown\()p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 1170 y
  164. (Changes)h(the)f(owner)h(and)f(group)g(of)h(a)f(list)g(of)g(\256les.)h(The)f
  165. (\256rst)h(two)f(elements)f(of)i(the)472 1226 y
  166. (list)f(must)f(be)h(the)h(numerical)f(uid)f(and)i(gid.)354 1291 y
  167. Fd(truncate\()p Ff(FILE)p Fd(,)p Ff(SIZE)p Fd(\))472 1347 y
  168. Fj(truncates)g Ff(FILE)f Fj(to)g Ff(SIZE)p Fj(.)g Ff(FILE)g Fj(may)g(be)g(a)h
  169. (\256lename)g(or)f(a)h(\256lehandle.)354 1412 y
  170. Fd(link\()p Ff(OLDFILE)p Fd(,)p Ff(NEWFILE)p Fd(\))472 1468 y
  171. Fj(Creates)h(a)e(new)h(\256lename)g(linked)e(to)h(the)g(old)g
  172. (\256lename.)354 1533 y
  173. Fd(lstat\()p Ff(FILE)p Fd(\))472 1590 y
  174. Fj(Like)h(stat,)f(but)g(does)g(not)f(traverse)i(a)g(\256nal)g(symbolic)e
  175. (link.)354 1654 y
  176. Fd(mkdir\()p Ff(DIR)p Fd(,)p Ff(MODE)p Fd(\))472 1711 y
  177. Fj(Creates)j(a)e(directory)h(with)e(given)h(permissions.)f(Sets)i Fi($!)g Fj
  178. (on)f(failure.)354 1776 y
  179. Fd(readlink\()p Ff(EXPR)p Fe(y)o Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 1832 y
  180. (Returns)h(the)f(value)g(of)h(a)g(symbolic)d(link.)354 1897 y
  181. Fd(rename\()p Ff(OLDNAME)p Fd(,)p Ff(NEWNAME)p Fd(\))472 1953 y
  182. Fj(Changes)j(the)f(name)h(of)f(a)h(\256le.)354 2018 y
  183. Fd(rmdir\()p Ff(FILENAME)p Fe(y)n Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 2074 y
  184. (Deletes)g(the)f(directory)g(if)h(it)e(is)h(empty)m(.)g(Sets)h Fi($!)g Fj(on)f
  185. (failure.)354 2139 y
  186. Fd(stat\()p Ff(FILE)p Fd(\))472 2196 y
  187. Fj(Returns)h(a)g(13-element)e(array)j(\()p Fi($)p Fj(dev)m(,)f Fi($)p Fj
  188. (ino,)g Fi($)p Fj(mode,)f Fi($)q Fj(nlink,)f Fi($)q Fj(uid,)h Fi($)p Fj
  189. (gid,)h Fi($)p Fj(rdev)m(,)472 2252 y
  190. Fi($)q Fj(size,)g Fi($)p Fj(atime,)f Fi($)q Fj(mtime,)f Fi($)q Fj(ctime,)h Fi
  191. ($)p Fj(blksize,)h Fi($)p Fj(blocks\).)f Ff(FILE)g Fj(can)h(be)g(a)472 2309 y
  192. (\256lehandle,)g(an)e(expression)g(evaluating)g(to)g(a)h(\256lename,)g(or)g Fi
  193. (_)g Fj(to)f(refer)i(to)e(the)h(last)f(\256le)472 2365 y
  194. (test)h(operation.)354 2430 y
  195. Fd(symlink\()p Ff(OLDFILE)p Fd(,)p Ff(NEWFILE)p Fd(\))472 2486 y
  196. Fj(Creates)i(a)e(new)h(\256lename)g(symbolically)d(linked)i(to)g(the)g(old)g
  197. (\256lename.)354 2551 y
  198. Fd(unlink\()p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 2607 y
  199. (Deletes)h(a)f(list)g(of)g(\256les.)354 2672 y
  200. Fd(utime\()p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 2729 y
  201. (Changes)h(the)f(access)h(and)f(modi\256cation)f(times.)g(The)i(\256rst)f
  202. (two)g(elements)f(of)h(the)g(list)472 2785 y
  203. (must)g(be)g(the)g(numerical)g(access)h(and)g(modi\256cation)e
  204. (times.)p 354 3018 1512 3 v 1838 3065 a Fg(8)p eop
  205. %%Page: 9 11
  206. bop 354 -101 a Fg(Perl)14 b(Reference)f(Guide)p 354 -89 1512 3 v 355 -2 a Fl
  207. (14.)19 b(Directory)j(reading)e(routines)p 355 19 1512 2 v 354 119 a Fd
  208. (closedir\()p Ff(DIRHANDLE)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 176 y
  209. (Closes)12 b(a)f(directory)h(opened)f(by)g(opendir)m(.)354 241 y
  210. Fd(opendir\()p Ff(DIRHANDLE)p Fd(,)p Ff(DIRNAME)p Fd(\))472 297 y
  211. Fj(Opens)h(a)f(directory)g(on)h(the)f(handle)g(speci\256ed.)354 362 y
  212. Fd(readdir\()p Ff(DIRHANDLE)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 418 y
  213. (Returns)h(the)f(next)g(entry)g(\(or)h(an)g(array)g(of)f(entries\))h(in)f(the)g
  214. (directory)m(.)354 483 y
  215. Fd(rewinddir\()p Ff(DIRHANDLE)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 540 y
  216. (Positions)f(the)i(directory)f(to)g(the)g(beginning.)354 604 y
  217. Fd(seekdir\()p Ff(DIRHANDLE)p Fd(,)p Ff(POS)p Fd(\))472 661 y
  218. Fj(Sets)h(position)e(for)h(readdir)h(on)f(the)g(directory)m(.)354 725 y
  219. Fd(telldir\()p Ff(DIRHANDLE)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 782 y
  220. (Returns)h(the)f(postion)f(in)h(the)g(directory)m(.)355 905 y
  221. Fl(15.)19 b(Input)i(/)e(Output)p 355 926 V 354 1027 a Fj(In)12 b
  222. (input/output)c(operations,)k Ff(FILEHANDLE)e Fj(may)h(be)h(a)f(\256lehandle)h
  223. (as)f(opened)h(by)f(the)354 1083 y
  224. Fd(open)i Fj(operator)n(,)f(or)g(a)f(scalar)h(variable)g(which)f(evaluates)g
  225. (to)g(the)g(name)g(of)h(a)g(\256lehandle)f(to)354 1140 y
  226. (be)h(used.)354 1204 y
  227. Fd(binmode\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 1261 y
  228. (Arranges)g(for)g(the)f(\256le)h(opened)f(on)g Ff(FILEHANDLE)g Fj(to)g(be)g
  229. (read)h(in)f(\252binary\272)h(mode)472 1317 y
  230. (as)g(opposed)f(to)f(\252text\272)i(mode)f(\(MS-DOS)h(only\).)354 1382 y
  231. Fd(close\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 1438 y
  232. (Closes)g(the)f(\256le)h(or)f(pipe)g(associated)g(with)g(the)g(\256le)h
  233. (handle.)354 1503 y
  234. Fd(dbmclose\()p Fi(\045)q Ff(ARRA)m(Y)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 1560 y
  235. (Breaks)h(the)e(binding)f(between)h(the)h(array)g(and)f(the)g(dbm)g
  236. (\256le.)354 1624 y
  237. Fd(dbmopen\()p Fi(\045)r Ff(ARRA)m(Y)p Fd(,)p Ff(DBMNAME)p Fd(,)d Ff(MODE)p Fd
  238. (\))472 1681 y
  239. Fj(Binds)j(a)h(dbm)f(or)g(ndbm)g(\256le)g(to)g(the)h(associative)e(array)m(.)j
  240. (If)f(the)f(database)h(does)f(not)472 1737 y
  241. (exist,)h(it)e(is)h(created)h(with)f(the)g(indicated)g(mode.)354 1802 y
  242. Fd(eof\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(\))472 1859 y
  243. Fj(Returns)h(1)f(if)g(the)h(next)f(read)h(will)e(return)i(end)f(of)g(\256le,)i
  244. (or)e(if)g(the)h(\256le)f(is)g(not)g(open.)354 1923 y
  245. Fd(eof)56 b Fj(Returns)12 b(the)f(eof)h(status)e(for)i(the)f(last)g(\256le)h
  246. (read.)354 1988 y
  247. Fd(eof\()g(\))472 2045 y
  248. Fj(Indicates)g(eof)f(on)h(the)f(pseudo)f(\256le)i(formed)g(of)f(the)g
  249. (\256les)h(listed)e(on)h(the)g(command)472 2101 y
  250. (line.)354 2166 y
  251. Fd(fcntl\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(,)p Ff(FUNCTION)p Fd(,)p Fi($)o Ff(V)m(AR)p Fd
  252. (\))472 2222 y
  253. Fj(Implements)f(the)i Fc(fcntl)p Fj(\(2\))f(function.)g(This)f(function)h(has)g
  254. (non-standard)g(return)472 2279 y
  255. (values.)h(See)g(the)g(manual)e(for)i(details.)354 2343 y
  256. Fd(\256leno\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 2400 y
  257. (Returns)g(the)f(\256le)h(descriptor)f(for)h(a)f(given)g(\(open\))h
  258. (\256le.)354 2465 y
  259. Fd(\257ock\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(,)p Ff(OPERA)m(TION)p Fd(\))472 2521 y
  260. Fj(Calls)f Fc(\257ock)q Fj(\(2\))g(on)g(the)g(\256le.)g Ff(OPERA)m(TION)g Fj
  261. (adds)f(from)h(1)g(\(shared\),)g(2)g(\(exclusive\),)g(4)472 2578 y
  262. (\(non-blocking\))g(or)g(8)g(\(unlock\).)354 2642 y
  263. Fd(getc)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(\))p Fj(*])472 2699 y
  264. (Y)m(ields)h(the)f(next)g(character)i(from)e(the)g(\256le,)h(or)g Fi("")g Fj
  265. (on)f(EOF)l(.)h(If)g Ff(FILEHANDLE)f Fj(is)472 2755 y
  266. (omitted,)g(reads)h(from)f Fi(STDIN)p Fj(.)354 2820 y
  267. Fd(ioctl\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(,)p Ff(FUNCTION)p Fd(,)p Fi($)n Ff(V)m(AR)p Fd
  268. (\))472 2876 y
  269. Fj(performs)h Fc(ioctl)p Fj(\(2\))f(on)g(the)g(\256le.)h(This)f(function)f
  270. (has)i(non-standard)e(return)i(values.)472 2933 y
  271. (See)h(the)e(manual)g(for)h(details.)p 354 3018 1512 3 v 354 3065 a Fg(9)p eop
  272. %%Page: 10 12
  273. bop 1362 -101 a Fg(Perl)14 b(Reference)f(Guide)p 354 -89 1512 3 v 354 -12 a Fd
  274. (open\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fj([)p Fd(,)p Ff(FILENAME)p Fj(])p Fd(\))472 45 y
  275. Fj(Opens)f(a)f(\256le)h(and)f(associates)g(it)g(with)g Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fj(.)g
  276. (If)g Ff(FILENAME)f Fj(is)h(omitted,)472 101 y
  277. (the)h(scalar)g(variable)f(of)h(the)f(same)g(name)g(as)h(the)f Ff
  278. (FILEHANDLE)f Fj(must)h(contain)f(the)472 158 y
  279. (\256lename.)472 222 y
  280. (The)i(following)e(\256lename)i(conventions)e(apply)h(when)g(opening)f(a)i
  281. (\256le.)472 287 y
  282. Fi(")p Ff(FILE)p Fi(")95 b Fj(open)11 b Ff(FILE)g Fj(for)h(input.)e(Also)h Fi
  283. ("<)p Ff(FILE)p Fi(")p Fj(.)472 352 y
  284. Fi(">)p Ff(FILE)p Fi(")68 b Fj(open)11 b Ff(FILE)g Fj(for)h(output,)e
  285. (creating)i(it)e(if)i(necessary)m(.)472 417 y
  286. Fi(">>)p Ff(FILE)p Fi(")41 b Fj(open)11 b Ff(FILE)g Fj(in)g(append)g
  287. (mode.)472 482 y
  288. Fi("+>)p Ff(FILE)p Fi(")41 b Fj(open)11 b Ff(FILE)g Fj(with)g(read/write)g
  289. (access.)472 546 y
  290. Fi("|)q Ff(CMD)p Fi(")60 b Fj(opens)11 b(a)g(pipe)g(to)g(command)g Ff(CMD)p Fj
  291. (.)472 611 y
  292. Fi(")p Ff(CMD)p Fi(|)q(")60 b Fj(opens)11 b(a)g(pipe)g(from)h(command)e Ff
  293. (CMD)p Fj(.)472 676 y
  294. Ff(FILE)i Fj(may)f(be)g Fi(&)p Ff(FILEHND)g Fj(in)g(which)g(case)h(the)g(new)f
  295. (\256le)h(handle)f(is)g(connected)g(to)472 732 y
  296. (the)h(\(previously)e(opened\))i(\256lehandle)f Ff(FILEHND)p Fj(.)472 797 y
  297. Fd(open)i Fj(returns)e(1)g(upon)g(success,)h Fd(undef)g Fj(otherwise,)g
  298. (except)f(for)h(pipes.)f(The)472 853 y
  299. (parentheses)h(may)f(be)g(omitted,)g(if)g(only)g(a)g Ff(FILEHANDLE)g Fj(is)g
  300. (speci\256ed.)354 918 y
  301. Fd(pipe\()p Ff(READHANDLE)p Fd(,)p Ff(WRITEHANDLE)p Fd(\))472 975 y
  302. Fj(Returns)h(a)g(pair)f(of)g(connected)h(pipes.)354 1039 y
  303. Fd(print)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p Fj([)p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fj(])p Ff(LIST)p Fe(y)o Fd
  304. (\))p Fj(*])472 1096 y
  305. (Prints)f(a)h(string)f(or)g(a)h(comma-separated)f(list)f(of)i(strings.)e
  306. (If)i Ff(FILEHANDLE)f Fj(is)472 1152 y
  307. (omitted,)g(prints)f(by)h(default)h(to)e(standard)i(output)e(\(or)h(to)g(the)h
  308. (last)e(selected)i(output)472 1209 y
  309. (channel)g(-)f(see)h Fd(select)p Fj(\).)354 1274 y
  310. Fd(printf)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p Fj([)p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fj(])f Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))p Fj
  311. (*])472 1330 y
  312. (Equivalent)g(to)g Fd(print)g Ff(FILEHANDLE)g Fd(sprintf\()p Ff(LIST)p Fd
  313. (\))p Fj(.)354 1395 y
  314. Fd(read\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(,)p Fi($)p Ff(V)m(AR)p Fd(,)p Ff(LENGTH)p Fj
  315. ([)p Fd(,)p Ff(OFFSET)p Fj(])p Fd(\))472 1451 y
  316. Fj(Read)i Ff(LENGTH)e Fj(binary)h(bytes)e(from)i(the)f(\256le)h(into)e(the)h
  317. (variable)h(at)f Ff(OFFSET)p Fj(.)472 1508 y
  318. (Returns)h(number)f(of)g(bytes)g(actually)g(read.)354 1572 y
  319. Fd(seek\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(,)p Ff(POSITION)p Fd(,)p Ff(WHENCE)p Fd
  320. (\))472 1629 y
  321. Fj(Arbitrarily)g(positions)f(the)h(\256le.)h(Returns)f(1)h(upon)e(success,)i
  322. (0)f(otherwise.)354 1694 y
  323. Fd(select)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(\))p Fj(])472 1750 y
  324. (Returns)h(the)f(currently)g(selected)h(\256lehandle.)g(Sets)f(the)h(current)f
  325. (default)g(\256lehandle)472 1807 y
  326. (for)h(output)e(operations)h(if)g Ff(FILEHANDLE)g Fj(is)g(supplied.)354 1871 y
  327. Fd(select\()p Ff(RBITS)p Fd(,)p Ff(WBITS)p Fd(,)p Ff(NBITS)p Fd(,)o Ff
  328. (TIMEOUT)p Fd(\))472 1928 y
  329. Fj(Performs)h(a)g Fc(select)p Fj(\(2\))g(system)e(call)i(with)e(the)h(same)h
  330. (parameters.)354 1993 y
  331. Fd(sprintf\()p Ff(FORMA)m(T)p Fd(,)p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))472 2049 y
  332. Fj(Returns)g(a)g(string)e(formatted)h(by)g(\(almost)f(all)i(of\))f(the)g
  333. (usual)g(printf)g(conventions.)354 2114 y
  334. Fd(sysread\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(,)p Fi($)p Ff(V)m(AR)p Fd(,)p Ff(LENGTH)p Fj
  335. ([)p Fd(,)p Ff(OFFSET)p Fj(])p Fd(\))472 2170 y
  336. Fj(Reads)h Ff(LENGTH)g Fj(bytes)f(into)g Fi($)p Ff(V)m(AR)g Fj(at)g Ff
  337. (OFFSET)p Fj(.)354 2235 y
  338. Fd(syswrite\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(,)p Ff(SCALAR)p Fd(,)p Ff(LENGTH)p Fj([)p Fd
  339. (,)p Ff(OFFSET)p Fj(])p Fd(\))472 2291 y
  340. Fj(W)n(rites)h Ff(LENGTH)g Fj(bytes)e(from)i Ff(SCALAR)e Fj(at)h Ff
  341. (OFFSET)p Fj(.)354 2356 y
  342. Fd(tell)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(\))p Fj(]*)472 2413 y
  343. (Returns)h(the)f(current)h(\256le)g(position)d(for)j(the)f(\256le.)h(If)g Ff
  344. (FILEHANDLE)f Fj(is)f(omitted,)472 2469 y
  345. (assumes)h(the)g(\256le)h(last)f(read.)354 2534 y
  346. Fd(write)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(\))p Fj(]*)472 2590 y
  347. (W)n(rites)h(a)f(formatted)g(record)h(to)f(the)h(speci\256ed)f(\256le,)i
  348. (using)d(the)h(format)g(associated)472 2647 y
  349. (with)g(that)g(\256le.)h(See)g(\252Formats\272.)p 354 3018 V 1811 3065 a Fg
  350. (10)p eop
  351. %%Page: 11 13
  352. bop 354 -101 a Fg(Perl)14 b(Reference)f(Guide)p 354 -89 1512 3 v 355 -2 a Fl
  353. (16.)19 b(Search)i(and)g(replace)f(functions)p 355 19 1512 2 v 354 119 a Fj
  354. ([)p Ff(EXPR)11 b Fi(=\304)p Fj(])h([)p Fd(m)p Fj(])p Fi(/)p Ff(P)m(A)m
  355. (TTERN)p Fi(/)p Fj([)p Fd(g)p Fj(][)p Fd(i)p Fj(][)p Fd(o)p Fj(])472 176 y
  356. (Searches)h Ff(EXPR)e Fj(\(default:)g Fi($_)p Fj(\))h(for)g(a)f(pattern.)h(If)g
  357. (you)f(prepend)g(an)h Fd(m)f Fj(you)g(can)h(use)472 232 y
  358. (almost)f(any)g(pair)g(of)h(characters)g(as)g(delimiters.)e(If)i(used)f(in)g
  359. (array)h(context,)g(an)f(array)472 289 y
  360. (is)g(returned)h(consisting)d(of)j(the)f(subexpressions)f(matched)h(by)g(the)g
  361. (parentheses)h(in)472 345 y
  362. (pattern,)g(i.e.)g Fi(\($1,$2,$3)q(,.)q(..\))q Fj(.)472 402 y
  363. (Optional)f(modi\256ers:)f Fd(g)i Fj(matches)f(as)h(many)e(times)h(as)g
  364. (possible;)f Fd(i)h Fj(searches)h(in)f(a)472 458 y
  365. (case-insensitive)g(manner;)g Fd(o)h Fj(interpolates)e(variables)i(only)e
  366. (once.)472 515 y
  367. (If)i Ff(P)m(A)m(TTERN)f Fj(is)g(empty)m(,)g(the)g(most)g(recent)h(pattern)f
  368. (from)g(a)h(previous)e(match)h(or)472 571 y
  369. (replacement)h(is)f(used.)472 628 y
  370. (W)n(ith)g Fd(g)h Fj(the)f(match)g(can)h(be)g(used)f(as)g(an)h(iterator)f(in)g
  371. (scalar)h(context.)354 692 y
  372. Fi(?)p Ff(P)m(A)m(TTERN)p Fi(?)472 749 y
  373. Fj(This)f(is)g(just)f(like)h(the)g Fi(/)p Ff(P)m(A)m(TTERN)p Fi(/)h Fj
  374. (search,)h(except)e(that)g(it)g(matches)g(only)g(once)472 805 y
  375. (between)h(calls)f(to)g(the)g(reset)h(operator)m(.)g(If)g Ff(P)m(A)m
  376. (TTERN)f Fj(is)g(empty)m(,)g(the)g(most)g(recent)472 862 y
  377. (pattern)h(from)f(a)h(previous)e(match)h(or)h(replacement)f(is)g
  378. (used.)354 926 y
  379. ([)p Fi($)q Ff(V)m(AR)g Fi(=\304)p Fj(])h Fd(s)p Fi(/)p Ff(P)m(A)m(TTERN)p Fi
  380. (/)p Ff(REPLACEMENT)p Fi(/)p Fj([)p Fd(g)p Fj(][)p Fd(i)p Fj(][)p Fd(e)p Fj
  381. (][)p Fd(o)p Fj(])472 983 y
  382. (Searches)h(a)f(string)e(for)i(a)g(pattern,)f(and)h(if)f(found,)g(replaces)h
  383. (that)f(pattern)g(with)g(the)472 1039 y
  384. (replacement)h(text)f(and)g(returns)g(the)h(number)f(of)g(substitutions)d
  385. (made.)k(Otherwise)f(it)472 1096 y
  386. (returns)h(false.)472 1152 y
  387. (Optional)f(modi\256ers:)f Fd(g)i Fj(replaces)g(all)f(occurrences)h(of)g(the)f
  388. (pattern;)g Fd(e)g Fj(interprets)g(the)472 1209 y
  389. (replacement)h(string)e(as)i(an)f(expression;)g Fd(i)g Fj(and)g Fd(o)h Fj(as)f
  390. (with)g Fi(/)p Ff(P)m(A)m(TTERN)p Fi(/)h Fj(matching.)472 1265 y
  391. (Almost)e(any)i(delimiter)e(may)h(replace)h(the)f(slashes;)g(if)g(single)g
  392. (quotes)f(are)j(used,)e(no)472 1322 y
  393. (interpretation)g(is)g(done)g(on)g(the)g(replacement)h(string.)472 1378 y
  394. (If)g Ff(P)m(A)m(TTERN)f Fj(is)g(empty)m(,)g(the)g(most)g(recent)h(pattern)f
  395. (from)g(a)h(previous)e(match)h(or)472 1434 y
  396. (replacement)h(is)f(used.)354 1499 y
  397. Fd(study)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p Fi($)q Ff(V)m(AR)p Fe(y)o Fd(\))p Fj(*])472 1556 y
  398. (Study)g(the)h(contents)e(of)i Fi($)p Ff(V)m(AR)f Fj(in)g(anticipation)f(of)h
  399. (doing)g(many)g(pattern)g(matches)472 1612 y
  400. (on)h(the)f(contents)f(before)i(it)f(is)g(next)g(modi\256ed.)354 1677 y
  401. ([)p Fi($)q Ff(V)m(AR)g Fi(=\304)p Fj(])h Fd(tr)p Fi(/)p Ff(SEARCHLIST)p Fi
  402. (/)p Ff(REPLACEMENTLIST)p Fi(/)p Fj([)p Fd(c)p Fj(][)p Fd(d)p Fj(][)p Fd
  403. (s)p Fj(])472 1733 y
  404. (T)n(ranslates)g(all)f(occurrences)h(of)g(the)f(characters)i(found)e(in)f
  405. (the)i(search)g(list)e(with)h(the)472 1790 y
  406. (corresponding)g(character)i(in)e(the)g(replacement)h(list.)e(It)i(returns)f
  407. (the)g(number)g(of)472 1846 y
  408. (characters)i(replaced.)f Fd(y)g Fj(may)f(be)g(used)h(instead)e(of)i Fd
  409. (tr)p Fj(.)472 1903 y
  410. (Optional)f(modi\256ers:)f Fd(c)i Fj(complements)e(the)h Ff(SEARCHLIST)p Fj
  411. (;)f Fd(d)h Fj(deletes)h(all)472 1959 y
  412. (characters)h(not)e(found)g(in)g Ff(SEARCHLIST)p Fj(;)e Fd(s)j Fj(squeezes)g
  413. (all)f(sequences)g(of)472 2016 y
  414. (characters)i(that)e(are)h(translated)f(into)f(the)i(same)f(tar)o(get)g
  415. (character)i(into)e(one)472 2072 y
  416. (occurrence)i(of)f(this)e(character)m(.)355 2186 y
  417. Fl(17.)19 b(System)i(interaction)p 355 2207 V 354 2308 a Fd(alarm\()p Ff
  418. (EXPR)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 2364 y
  419. (Schedules)12 b(a)g Fi(SIGALRM)i Fj(to)d(be)g(delivered)h(after)g Ff(EXPR)e Fj
  420. (seconds.)354 2429 y
  421. Fd(chdir)i Fj([)p Fd(\()p Ff(EXPR)p Fd(\))p Fj(*])472 2485 y
  422. (Changes)g(the)f(working)g(directory)m(,)h Fi($ENV{"HOME)q("})j Fj(if)c Ff
  423. (EXPR)g Fj(is)f(omitted.)354 2550 y
  424. Fd(chroot\()p Ff(FILENAME)p Fe(y)o Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 2606 y
  425. (Changes)i(the)f(root)g(directory)h(for)f(the)g(process)h(and)f(its)g
  426. (children.)354 2671 y
  427. Fd(die)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))p Fj(*])472 2728 y
  428. (Prints)g(the)h(value)f(of)g Ff(LIST)h Fj(to)e Fi(STDERR)k Fj(and)e(exits)e
  429. (with)h(the)g(current)h(value)f(of)h Fi($!)472 2784 y
  430. Fj(\(errno\).)h(If)f Fi($!)g Fj(is)f(0,)h(exits)e(with)h(the)g(value)g(of)h Fi
  431. (\($?)28 b(>>)h(8\))p Fj(.)12 b(If)g Fi(\($?)29 b(>>)f(8\))12 b Fj
  432. (is)472 2841 y
  433. (0,)g(exits)f(with)f(255.)i Ff(LIST)f Fj(defaults)g(to)g Fi("Died.")p Fj
  434. (.)p 354 3018 1512 3 v 354 3065 a Fg(11)p eop
  435. %%Page: 12 14
  436. bop 1362 -101 a Fg(Perl)14 b(Reference)f(Guide)p 354 -89 1512 3 v 354 -12 a Fd
  437. (exec\()p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 45 y
  438. (Executes)f(the)f(system)f(command)h(in)g Ff(LIST)p Fj(;)f(does)i(not)e
  439. (return.)354 110 y
  440. Fd(exit\()p Ff(EXPR)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 166 y
  441. (Exits)h(immediately)e(with)i(the)g(value)h(of)f Fi(EXPR)p Fj(.)354 231 y
  442. Fd(fork)40 b Fj(Does)12 b(a)f Fc(fork)q Fj(\(2\))g(system)g(call.)g(Returns)h
  443. (the)f(child)g(pid)g(to)f(the)i(parent)f(process)h(and)472 287 y
  444. (zero)g(to)f(the)h(child)e(process.)354 352 y
  445. Fd(getlogin)472 408 y
  446. Fj(Returns)i(the)f(current)h(login)e(name)h(as)h(known)f(by)g(the)g
  447. (system.)354 473 y
  448. Fd(getpgrp)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p Ff(PID)p Fd(\))p Fj(*])472 530 y
  449. (Returns)h(the)f(process)g(group)g(for)h(process)f Ff(PID)g Fj(\(0,)h(or)f
  450. (omitted,)g(means)g(the)g(current)472 586 y
  451. (process\).)354 651 y
  452. Fd(getppid)472 707 y
  453. Fj(Returns)h(the)f(process)g(id)g(of)h(the)f(parent)h(process.)354 772 y
  454. Fd(getpriority\()p Ff(WHICH)p Fd(,)p Ff(WHO)p Fd(\))472 829 y
  455. Fj(Returns)g(the)f(current)h(priority)e(for)i(a)g(process,)f(process)h
  456. (group,)f(or)h(user)m(.)354 893 y
  457. Fd(kill\()p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 950 y
  458. (Sends)g(a)g(signal)e(to)h(a)h(list)e(of)h(processes.)h(The)g(\256rst)f
  459. (element)g(of)h(the)f(list)f(must)g(be)i(the)472 1006 y
  460. (signal)f(to)g(send)g(\(numeric,)h(or)f(its)g(name)g(as)g(a)h
  461. (string\).)354 1071 y
  462. Fd(setpgrp\()p Ff(PID)p Fd(,)p Ff(PGRP)p Fd(\))472 1127 y
  463. Fj(Sets)g(the)f(process)h(group)e(for)i(the)f Ff(PID)g Fj(\(0)g(=)h(current)f
  464. (process\).)354 1192 y
  465. Fd(setpriority\()p Ff(WHICH)p Fd(,)p Ff(WHO)p Fd(,)p Ff(PRIO)p Fd(\))472 1249 y
  466. Fj(Sets)h(the)f(current)h(priority)e(for)i(a)g(process,)f(process)h(group,)f
  467. (or)h(a)f(user)m(.)354 1313 y
  468. Fd(sleep)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p Ff(EXPR)p Fd(\))p Fj(*])472 1370 y
  469. (Causes)h(the)f(script)g(to)f(sleep)h(for)h Ff(EXPR)e Fj(seconds,)h(or)g
  470. (forever)h(if)g(no)e Ff(EXPR)p Fj(.)h(Returns)472 1426 y
  471. (the)h(number)f(of)g(seconds)g(actually)g(slept.)354 1491 y
  472. Fd(syscall\()p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 1548 y
  473. (Calls)h(the)f(system)f(call)i(speci\256ed)f(in)g(the)g(\256rst)h(element)f
  474. (of)g(the)h(list,)e(passing)h(the)g(rest)472 1604 y
  475. (of)h(the)f(list)f(as)i(ar)o(guments)f(to)g(the)g(call.)354 1669 y
  476. Fd(system\()p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 1725 y
  477. (Does)h(exactly)f(the)g(same)g(thing)g(as)g Fd(exec)h Ff(LIST)f Fj(except)h
  478. (that)f(a)g(fork)h(is)f(done)g(\256rst,)472 1782 y
  479. (and)h(the)f(parent)h(process)f(waits)g(for)g(the)h(child)e(process)i(to)f
  480. (complete.)354 1846 y
  481. Fd(times)472 1903 y
  482. Fj(Returns)h(a)g(4-element)f(array)h(\()p Fi($)p Fj(user)n(,)h Fi($)p Fj
  483. (system,)e Fi($)p Fj(cuser)n(,)h Fi($)q Fj(csystem\))e(giving)h(the)472 1959 y
  484. (user)h(and)f(system)g(times,)f(in)h(seconds,)h(for)f(this)g(process)g(and)g
  485. (the)h(children)f(of)g(this)472 2016 y
  486. (process.)354 2081 y
  487. Fd(umask)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p Ff(EXPR)p Fd(\))p Fj(*])472 2137 y
  488. (Sets)h(the)f(umask)g(for)g(the)h(process)f(and)g(returns)h(the)f(old)g(one.)g
  489. (If)h Ff(EXPR)f Fj(is)g(omitted,)472 2193 y
  490. (returns)h(current)f(umask)g(value.)354 2258 y
  491. Fd(wait)37 b Fj(W)l(aits)12 b(for)f(a)h(child)f(process)g(to)g(terminate)g
  492. (and)g(returns)h(the)f(pid)g(of)g(the)g(deceased)472 2315 y
  493. (process)h(\(-1)f(if)h(none\).)g(The)f(status)f(is)h(returned)h(in)f Fi($?)p Fj
  494. (.)354 2379 y
  495. Fd(waitpid\()p Ff(PID)p Fd(,)p Ff(FLAGS)p Fd(\))472 2436 y
  496. Fj(Performs)h(the)f(same)h(function)e(as)i(the)f(corresponding)g(system)f
  497. (call.)354 2501 y
  498. Fd(warn\()p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 2557 y
  499. (Prints)h(the)h(message)f(on)g Fi(STDERR)j Fj(like)d Fd(die)p Fj(,)g(but)g
  500. (doesn')o(t)g(exit.)p 354 3018 V 1811 3065 a Fg(12)p eop
  501. %%Page: 13 15
  502. bop 354 -101 a Fg(Perl)14 b(Reference)f(Guide)p 354 -89 1512 3 v 355 -2 a Fl
  503. (18.)19 b(Networking)p 355 19 1512 2 v 354 119 a Fd(accept\()p Ff
  504. (NEWSOCKET)p Fd(,)p Ff(GENERICSOCKET)p Fd(\))472 176 y
  505. Fj(Accepts)12 b(a)g(new)f(socket.)354 241 y
  506. Fd(bind\()p Ff(SOCKET)p Fd(,)p Ff(NAME)p Fd(\))472 297 y
  507. Fj(Binds)g(the)h Ff(NAME)e Fj(to)h(the)g Ff(SOCKET)p Fj(.)354 362 y
  508. Fd(connect\()p Ff(SOCKET)p Fd(,)p Ff(NAME)p Fd(\))472 418 y
  509. Fj(Connects)h(the)f Ff(NAME)f Fj(to)h(the)h Ff(SOCKET)p Fj(.)354 483 y
  510. Fd(getpeername\()p Ff(SOCKET)p Fd(\))472 540 y
  511. Fj(Returns)g(the)f(socket)g(address)h(of)f(the)g(other)g(end)h(of)f(the)h Ff
  512. (SOCKET)p Fj(.)354 604 y
  513. Fd(getsockname\()p Ff(SOCKET)p Fd(\))472 661 y
  514. Fj(Returns)g(the)f(name)g(of)h(the)f(socket.)354 725 y
  515. Fd(getsockopt\()p Ff(SOCKET)p Fd(,)p Ff(LEVEL)p Fd(,)p Ff(OPTNAME)p Fd
  516. (\))472 782 y
  517. Fj(Returns)h(the)f(socket)g(options.)354 847 y
  518. Fd(listen\()p Ff(SOCKET)p Fd(,)p Ff(QUEUESIZE)p Fd(\))472 903 y
  519. Fj(Starts)h(listening)e(on)h(the)g(speci\256ed)h Ff(SOCKET)p Fj(.)354 968 y
  520. Fd(recv\()p Ff(SOCKET)p Fd(,)p Ff(SCALAR)p Fd(,)p Ff(LENGTH)p Fd(,)p Ff
  521. (FLAGS)p Fd(\))472 1024 y
  522. Fj(Receives)h(a)e(message)h(on)f Ff(SOCKET)p Fj(.)354 1089 y
  523. Fd(send\()p Ff(SOCKET)p Fd(,)p Ff(MSG)p Fd(,)p Ff(FLAGS[)p Fd(,)p Ff(T)o(O)p Fj
  524. (])p Fd(\))472 1146 y
  525. Fj(Sends)h(a)g(message)f(on)g(the)g Ff(SOCKET)p Fj(.)354 1210 y
  526. Fd(setsockopt\()p Ff(SOCKET)p Fd(,)p Ff(LEVEL)p Fd(,)p Ff(OPTNAME)p Fd(,)p Ff
  527. (OPTV)m(AL)p Fd(\))472 1267 y
  528. Fj(Sets)h(the)f(requested)h(socket)f(option.)354 1332 y
  529. Fd(shutdown\()p Ff(SOCKET)p Fd(,)p Ff(HOW)p Fd(\))472 1388 y
  530. Fj(Shuts)g(down)g(a)h Ff(SOCKET)p Fj(.)354 1453 y
  531. Fd(socket\()p Ff(SOCKET)p Fd(,)p Ff(DOMAIN)p Fd(,)p Ff(TYPE)p Fd(,)p Ff(PROT)o
  532. (OCOL)p Fd(\))472 1509 y
  533. Fj(Creates)h(a)e Ff(SOCKET)h Fj(in)f Ff(DOMAIN)f Fj(with)h Ff(TYPE)f Fj
  534. (and)i Ff(PROT)o(OCOL)p Fj(.)354 1574 y
  535. Fd(socketpair\()p Ff(SOCKET1)p Fd(,)p Ff(SOCKET2)p Fd(,)p Ff(DOMAIN)p Fd(,)p Ff
  536. (TYPE)p Fd(,)p Ff(PROT)o(OCOL)p Fd(\))472 1630 y
  537. Fj(As)g(socket,)f(but)g(creates)h(a)g(pair)f(of)h(bi-directional)e
  538. (sockets.)355 1756 y
  539. Fl(19.)19 b(SystemV)i(IPC)p 355 1777 V 354 1877 a Fj(The)12 b(following)e
  540. (functions)g(all)h(perform)h(the)f(same)g(action)g(as)h(the)f(corresponding)f
  541. (system)354 1934 y
  542. (calls.)354 1999 y
  543. Fd(msgctl\()p Ff(ID)p Fd(,)p Ff(CMD)p Fd(,)p Ff(ARGS)p Fd(\))354 2055 y
  544. (msgget\()p Ff(KEY)p Fd(,)p Ff(FLAGS)p Fd(\))354 2111 y
  545. (msgsnd\()p Ff(ID)p Fd(,)p Ff(MSG)p Fd(,)p Ff(FLAGS)p Fd(\))354 2168 y
  546. (msgrcv\()p Ff(ID)p Fd(,)p Fi($)p Ff(V)m(AR)p Fd(,)p Ff(SIZE)p Fd(,)p Ff
  547. (TYPE)p Fd(,)p Ff(FLAGS)p Fd(\))354 2224 y
  548. (semctl\()p Ff(ID)p Fd(,)p Ff(SEMNUM)p Fd(,)p Ff(CM)o(D)p Fd(,)p Ff(A)o(RG)p Fd
  549. (\))354 2281 y
  550. (semget\()p Ff(KEY)p Fd(,)p Ff(NSEMS)p Fd(,)p Ff(SI)o(ZE)p Fd(,)p Ff(FLAGS)p Fd
  551. (\))354 2337 y
  552. (semop\()p Ff(KEY)p Fd(,)p Fj(...)p Fd(\))354 2394 y
  553. (shmctl\()p Ff(ID)p Fd(,)p Ff(CMD)p Fd(,)p Ff(ARG)p Fd(\))354 2450 y
  554. (shmget\()p Ff(KEY)p Fd(,)p Ff(SIZE)p Fd(,)p Ff(FLAGS)p Fd(\))354 2507 y
  555. (shmread\()p Ff(ID)p Fd(,)p Fi($)q Ff(V)m(AR)p Fd(,)p Ff(POS)p Fd(,)p Ff
  556. (SIZE)p Fd(\))354 2563 y
  557. (shmwrite\()p Ff(ID)p Fd(,)p Ff(STRING)p Fd(,)p Ff(POS)p Fd(,)p Ff(SIZE)p Fd
  558. (\))p 354 3018 1512 3 v 354 3065 a Fg(13)p eop
  559. %%Page: 14 16
  560. bop 1362 -101 a Fg(Perl)14 b(Reference)f(Guide)p 354 -89 1512 3 v 355 -2 a Fl
  561. (20.)19 b(Miscellaneous)p 355 19 1512 2 v 354 119 a Fd(caller)p Fj([)p Fd
  562. (\()p Ff(EXPR)p Fd(\))p Fj(])472 176 y
  563. (Returns)12 b(an)f(array)i(\()p Fi($)p Fj(package,)p Fi($)r Fj(\256le,)p Fi
  564. ($)q Fj(line,...\))g(for)e(a)h(speci\256c)g(subroutine)e(call.)472 232 y
  565. (\252)p Fi(caller)p Fj(\272)15 b(returns)c(this)f(info)h(for)h(the)f(current)h
  566. (subroutine,)f(\252)p Fi(caller\(1\))p Fj(\272)k(for)472 289 y
  567. (the)d(caller)f(of)h(this)e(subroutine)h(etc..)354 354 y
  568. Fd(de\256ned\()p Ff(EXPR)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 410 y
  569. (T)m(ests)g(whether)h(the)f(lvalue)g Ff(EXPR)f Fj(has)i(a)f(real)h
  570. (value.)354 475 y
  571. Fd(dump)h Fj([)p Ff(LABEL)p Fj(])472 531 y
  572. (Immediate)e(core)h(dump.)f(When)g(reincarnated,)i(starts)e(at)g Ff(LABEL)p Fj
  573. (.)354 596 y
  574. Fd(local\()p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))472 652 y
  575. Fj(Creates)i(a)e(scope)h(for)g(the)f(listed)f(variables)h(local)h(to)e(the)i
  576. (enclosing)e(block,)472 709 y
  577. (subroutine)h(or)g(eval.)354 774 y
  578. Fd(package)i Ff(NAME)472 830 y
  579. Fj(Designates)e(the)g(remainder)h(of)f(the)h(current)f(block)g(as)h(a)f
  580. (package.)354 895 y
  581. Fd(require\()p Ff(EXPR)p Fe(y)o Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 951 y
  582. (Includes)h(the)f(speci\256ed)h(\256le)f(from)g(the)h(perl)f(library)m(.)h
  583. (Does)f(not)g(include)g(more)g(than)472 1008 y
  584. (once,)h(and)g(yields)e(a)i(fatal)g(error)g(if)f(the)g(\256le)h(does)f
  585. (include)g(not)g(OK.)354 1073 y
  586. Fd(reset)h Fj([)p Fd(\()p Ff(EXPR)p Fd(\))p Fj(*])472 1129 y
  587. (Resets)g Fi(??)g Fj(searches)g(so)f(that)g(they)g(work)h(again.)f Ff
  588. (EXPR)g Fj(is)g(a)g(list)g(of)g(single)g(letters.)472 1185 y
  589. (All)g(variables)g(and)h(arrays)g(beginning)e(with)g(one)i(of)f(those)g
  590. (letters)g(are)h(reset)g(to)f(their)472 1242 y
  591. (pristine)g(state.)g(Only)g(af)o(fects)h(the)g(current)f(package.)354 1307 y
  592. Fd(scalar\()p Ff(EXPR)p Fd(\))472 1363 y
  593. Fj(Forces)i(evaluation)d(of)i Ff(EXPR)e Fj(in)h(scalar)h(context.)354 1428 y
  594. Fd(sub)h Ff(NAME)d Fi({)i Ff(EXPR)e Fi(;)i Fj(...)h Fi(})472 1484 y
  595. Fj(Designates)e Ff(NAME)g Fj(as)g(a)h(subroutine.)e(Parameters)j(are)f
  596. (passed)f(by)g(reference)i(as)472 1541 y
  597. (array)g Fi(@_)p Fj(.)f(Returns)g(the)f(value)g(of)h(the)f(last)g(expression)f
  598. (evaluated.)354 1606 y
  599. Fd(undef)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p Ff(L)m(V)m(ALUE)p Fd(\))p Fj(*])472 1662 y
  600. (Unde\256nes)i(the)f Ff(L)m(V)m(ALUE)p Fj(.)g(Always)g(returns)g(the)g
  601. (unde\256ned)h(value.)354 1727 y
  602. Fd(wantarray)472 1783 y
  603. Fj(Returns)g(true)f(if)h(the)f(current)h(context)e(expects)i(an)f(array)i
  604. (value.)355 1906 y
  605. Fl(21.)19 b(Formats)p 355 1927 V 354 2028 a Fd(format)12 b Fj([)p Ff(NAME)p Fj
  606. (])f Fi(=)354 2084 y
  607. Ff(FORMLIST)354 2141 y
  608. Fi(.)354 2206 y
  609. Ff(FORMLIST)h Fj(pictures)f(the)g(lines,)g(and)g(contains)g(the)g(ar)o
  610. (guments)g(which)g(will)f(give)h(values)354 2262 y
  611. (to)g(the)g(\256elds)h(in)f(the)g(lines.)g(Picture)h(\256elds)f
  612. (are:)409 2327 y
  613. Fi(@<<<...)69 b Fj(left)11 b(adjusted)g(\256eld,)h(repeat)g(the)f Fi(<)h Fj
  614. (to)f(denote)g(the)g(desired)h(width;)409 2383 y
  615. Fi(@>>>...)69 b Fj(right)11 b(adjusted)f(\256eld;)409 2440 y
  616. Fi(@|)q(||)q(...)67 b Fj(centered)12 b(\256eld;)409 2496 y
  617. Fi(@#.##...)42 b Fj(numeric)11 b(format)g(with)g(implied)f(decimal)h
  618. (point;)409 2553 y
  619. Fi(@*)204 b Fj(a)12 b(multi-line)d(\256eld.)354 2617 y
  620. (Use)j Fi(\303)g Fj(instead)e(of)i Fi(@)g Fj(for)f(multi-line)f(block)h
  621. (\256lling.)354 2682 y
  622. (Use)h Fi(\304)g Fj(at)f(the)g(beginning)f(of)i(a)f(line)g(to)g(suppress)g
  623. (unwanted)g(empty)f(lines.)354 2747 y
  624. (Use)i Fi(\304\304)g Fj(at)f(the)h(beginning)e(of)h(a)h(line)f(to)g(have)g
  625. (this)g(format)g(line)g(repeated)h(until)e(all)h(\256elds)354 2803 y
  626. (are)h(exhausted.)354 2868 y
  627. (Use)g Fi($-)g Fj(to)f(zero)h(to)f(force)h(a)g(page)f(break.)354 2933 y
  628. (See)i(also)e Fi($\303)p Fj(,)h Fi($\304)p Fj(,)h Fi($-)f Fj(and)f Fi($=)i Fj
  629. (in)e(section)f(\252Special)j(V)-5 b
  630. (ariables\272.)p 354 3018 1512 3 v 1811 3065 a Fg(14)p eop
  631. %%Page: 15 17
  632. bop 354 -101 a Fg(Perl)14 b(Reference)f(Guide)p 354 -89 1512 3 v 355 -2 a Fl
  633. (22.)19 b(Info)h(from)h(system)g(\256les)p 355 19 1512 2 v 354 119 a Fg
  634. (passwd)354 176 y
  635. Fj(Info)12 b(is)f(\()p Fi($)p Fj(name,)h Fi($)p Fj(passwd,)g Fi($)p Fj
  636. (uid,)f Fi($)q Fj(gid,)g Fi($)p Fj(quota,)h Fi($)p Fj(comment,)f Fi($)p Fj
  637. (gcos,)h Fi($)p Fj(dir)n(,)g Fi($)p Fj(shell\).)354 241 y
  638. Fd(endpwent)517 b Fj(Ends)11 b(lookup)f(processing.)354 305 y
  639. Fd(getpwent)528 b Fj(Gets)11 b(next)g(info.)354 370 y
  640. Fd(getpwnam\()p Ff(NAME)p Fd(\))356 b Fj(Gets)11 b(info)g(by)g(name.)354 435 y
  641. Fd(getpwuid\()p Ff(UID)p Fd(\))428 b Fj(Gets)11 b(info)g(by)g(uid.)354 500 y
  642. Fd(setpwent)530 b Fj(Resets)12 b(lookup)e(processing.)354 589 y
  643. Fg(group)354 646 y
  644. Fj(Info)i(is)f(a)g(4-item)g(array:)h(\()p Fi($)q Fj(name,)f Fi($)q Fj
  645. (passwd,)g Fi($)p Fj(gid,)g Fi($)q Fj(members\).)354 711 y
  646. Fd(endgrent)533 b Fj(Ends)11 b(lookup)f(processing.)354 775 y
  647. Fd(getgrgid\()p Ff(GID)p Fd(\))442 b Fj(Gets)11 b(info)g(by)g(group)g
  648. (id.)354 840 y
  649. Fd(getgrnam\()p Ff(NAME)p Fd(\))372 b Fj(Gets)11 b(info)g(by)g(name.)354 905 y
  650. Fd(getgrent)544 b Fj(Gets)11 b(next)g(info.)354 970 y
  651. Fd(setgrent)546 b Fj(Resets)12 b(lookup)e(processing.)354 1059 y
  652. Fg(hosts)354 1116 y
  653. Fj(Info)i(is)f(\()p Fi($)p Fj(name,)h Fi($)p Fj(aliases,)g Fi($)p Fj
  654. (addrtype,)g Fi($)p Fj(length,)f(@addrs\).)354 1180 y
  655. Fd(endhostent)487 b Fj(Ends)11 b(lookup)f(processing.)354 1245 y
  656. Fd(gethostbyaddr\()p Ff(ADDR)p Fd(,)p Ff(ADDR)o(TYPE)p Fd(\))39 b Fj(Gets)11 b
  657. (info)g(by)g(address.)354 1310 y
  658. Fd(gethostbyname\()p Ff(NAME)p Fd(\))255 b Fj(Gets)11 b(info)g(by)g
  659. (name.)354 1375 y
  660. Fd(gethostent)498 b Fj(Gets)11 b(next)g(info.)354 1439 y
  661. Fd(sethostent\()p Ff(ST)m(A)m(YOPEN)p Fd(\))251 b Fj(Resets)12 b(lookup)e
  662. (processing.)354 1529 y
  663. Fg(networks)354 1586 y
  664. Fj(Info)i(is)f(\()p Fi($)p Fj(name,)h Fi($)p Fj(aliases,)g Fi($)p Fj
  665. (addrtype,)g Fi($)p Fj(net\).)354 1650 y
  666. Fd(endnetent)512 b Fj(Ends)11 b(lookup)f(processing.)354 1715 y
  667. Fd(getnetbyaddr\()p Ff(ADDR)p Fd(,)p Ff(TYPE)p Fd(\))181 b Fj(Gets)11 b(info)g
  668. (by)g(address)h(and)f(type.)354 1780 y
  669. Fd(getnetbyname\()p Ff(NAME)p Fd(\))280 b Fj(Gets)11 b(info)g(by)g
  670. (name.)354 1845 y
  671. Fd(getnetent)523 b Fj(Gets)11 b(next)g(info.)354 1909 y
  672. Fd(setnetent\()p Ff(ST)m(A)m(YOPEN)p Fd(\))276 b Fj(Resets)12 b(lookup)e
  673. (processing.)354 1999 y
  674. Fg(services)354 2056 y
  675. Fj(Info)i(is)f(\()p Fi($)p Fj(name,)h Fi($)p Fj(aliases,)g Fi($)p Fj(port,)g Fi
  676. ($)p Fj(proto\).)354 2120 y
  677. Fd(endservent)489 b Fj(Ends)11 b(lookup)f(processing.)354 2185 y
  678. Fd(getservbyname\()p Ff(NAME)p Fd(,)i Ff(PROT)o(O)p Fd(\))87 b Fj(Gets)11 b
  679. (info)g(by)g(name.)354 2250 y
  680. Fd(getservbyport\()p Ff(POR)o(T)p Fd(,)j Ff(PROT)o(O)p Fd(\))120 b Fj(Gets)11 b
  681. (info)g(by)g(port.)354 2315 y
  682. Fd(getservent)500 b Fj(Gets)11 b(next)g(info.)354 2379 y
  683. Fd(setservent\()p Ff(ST)m(A)m(YOPEN)p Fd(\))253 b Fj(Resets)12 b(lookup)e
  684. (processing.)354 2469 y
  685. Fg(protocols)354 2525 y
  686. Fj(Info)i(is)f(\()p Fi($)p Fj(name,)h Fi($)p Fj(aliases,)g Fi($)p Fj
  687. (proto\).)354 2590 y
  688. Fd(endprotoent)469 b Fj(Ends)11 b(lookup)f(processing.)354 2655 y
  689. Fd(getprotobyname\()p Ff(NAME)p Fd(\))237 b Fj(Gets)11 b(info)g(by)g
  690. (name.)354 2720 y
  691. Fd(getprotobynumber\()p Ff(NUMBER)p Fd(\))134 b Fj(Gets)11 b(info)g(by)g
  692. (number)m(.)354 2784 y
  693. Fd(getprotoent)480 b Fj(Gets)11 b(next)g(info.)354 2849 y
  694. Fd(setprotoent\()p Ff(ST)m(A)m(YOPEN)p Fd(\))233 b Fj(Resets)12 b(lookup)e
  695. (processing.)p 354 3018 1512 3 v 354 3065 a Fg(15)p eop
  696. %%Page: 16 18
  697. bop 1362 -101 a Fg(Perl)14 b(Reference)f(Guide)p 354 -89 1512 3 v 355 -2 a Fl
  698. (23.)19 b(Regular)i(expressions)p 355 19 1512 2 v 354 119 a Fj(Each)12 b
  699. (character)h(matches)e(itself,)g(unless)g(it)f(is)h(one)h(of)f(the)g(special)g
  700. (characters)354 176 y
  701. Fi(+?.*\(\)[])q({}|)t(\\)p Fj(.)354 241 y
  702. Fi(.)91 b Fj(matches)11 b(an)h(arbitrary)g(character)n(,)h(but)e(not)f(a)i
  703. (newline.)354 305 y
  704. Fi(\()p Fj(.)c(.)g(.)h Fi(\))21 b Fj(groups)11 b(a)g(series)h(of)f(pattern)g
  705. (elements)g(to)g(a)h(single)e(element.)354 370 y
  706. Fi(+)91 b Fj(matches)11 b(the)h(preceding)f(pattern)g(element)g(one)h(or)f
  707. (more)g(times.)354 435 y
  708. Fi(?)91 b Fj(matches)11 b(zero)h(or)g(one)f(times.)354 500 y
  709. Fi(*)91 b Fj(matches)11 b(zero)h(or)g(more)f(times.)354 564 y
  710. Fi({)q Ff(N)p Fi(,)p Ff(M)p Fi(})21 b Fj(denotes)11 b(the)g(minimum)e Ff
  711. (N)i Fj(and)h(maximum)d Ff(M)i Fj(match)g(count.)h Fi({)p Ff(N)p Fi(})g Fj
  712. (means)472 621 y
  713. (exactly)g Ff(N)f Fj(times;)f Fi({)p Ff(N)p Fi(,})j Fj(means)e(at)g(least)g Ff
  714. (N)h Fj(times.)354 686 y
  715. Fi([)p Fj(.)c(.)g(.)h Fi(])21 b Fj(denotes)11 b(a)g(class)h(of)f(characters)i
  716. (to)e(match.)g Fi([\303)q Fj(.)d(.)g(.)g Fi(])k Fj(negates)f(the)g
  717. (class.)354 750 y
  718. Fi(\()p Fj(.)d(.)g(.)h Fi(|)p Fj(.)f(.)g(.)g Fi(|)p Fj(.)g(.)g(.)g Fi
  719. (\))22 b Fj(matches)11 b(one)g(of)g(the)h(alternatives.)354 815 y
  720. (Non-alphanumerics)f(can)h(be)f(escaped)h(from)f(their)g(special)h(meaning)e
  721. (using)h(a)g Fi(\\)p Fj(.)354 880 y
  722. Fi(\\w)64 b Fj(matches)11 b(alphanumeric,)h(including)e(\252)p Fi(_)p Fj
  723. (\272,)j Fi(\\W)f Fj(matches)f(non-alphanumeric.)354 945 y
  724. Fi(\\b)64 b Fj(matches)11 b(word)h(boundaries,)f Fi(\\B)h Fj(matches)f
  725. (non-boundaries.)354 1009 y
  726. Fi(\\s)64 b Fj(matches)11 b(whitespace,)h Fi(\\S)g Fj(matches)f
  727. (non-whitespace.)354 1074 y
  728. Fi(\\d)64 b Fj(matches)11 b(numeric,)h Fi(\\D)g Fj(matches)f
  729. (non-numeric.)354 1139 y
  730. Fi(\\n)p Fj(,)i Fi(\\r)p Fj(,)g Fi(\\f)p Fj(,)f Fi(\\t)g Fj(etc.)22 b(have)11 b
  731. (their)h(usual)e(meaning.)354 1204 y
  732. Fi(\\w)p Fj(,)j Fi(\\s)f Fj(and)g Fi(\\d)21 b Fj(may)11 b(be)h(used)f(within)f
  733. (character)j(classes,)e Fi(\\b)h Fj(denotes)f(backspace)h(in)472 1260 y
  734. (this)f(context.)354 1325 y
  735. Fi(\\1)p Fj(.)d(.)g(.)h Fi(\\9)22 b Fj(refer)12 b(to)f(matched)g
  736. (sub-expressions,)g(grouped)g(with)f Fi(\(\))p Fj(,)j(inside)e(the)g
  737. (match.)354 1390 y
  738. Fi(\\10)37 b Fj(and)12 b(up)f(can)h(also)f(be)g(used)g(if)h(the)f(pattern)g
  739. (matches)g(that)g(many)g(sub-expressions.)354 1454 y
  740. (See)i(also)e Fi($1)p Fj(.)d(.)g(.)g Fi($9)p Fj(,)13 b Fi($+)p Fj(,)g Fi
  741. ($&)p Fj(,)f Fi($`)h Fj(and)e Fi($')h Fj(in)f(section)g(\252Special)h(V)-5 b
  742. (ariables\272.)355 1578 y
  743. Fl(24.)19 b(Special)h(variables)p 355 1599 V 354 1699 a Fj(The)12 b
  744. (following)e(variables)h(are)h(global)f(and)g(should)f(be)i(localized)f(in)g
  745. (subroutines:)354 1764 y
  746. Fi($_)64 b Fj(The)12 b(default)f(input)f(and)i(pattern-searching)f
  747. (space.)354 1829 y
  748. Fi($.)64 b Fj(The)12 b(current)g(input)e(line)h(number)g(of)g(the)g(last)g
  749. (\256lehandle)h(that)f(was)g(read.)354 1893 y
  750. Fi($/)64 b Fj(The)12 b(input)e(record)i(separator)n(,)h(newline)e(by)g
  751. (default.)g(May)g(be)h(multi-character)m(.)354 1958 y
  752. Fi($,)64 b Fj(The)12 b(output)e(\256eld)i(separator)f(for)h(the)f(print)g
  753. (operator)m(.)354 2023 y
  754. Fi($")64 b Fj(The)12 b(separator)g(which)f(joins)f(elements)h(of)g(arrays)h
  755. (interpolated)f(in)g(strings.)354 2088 y
  756. Fi($\\)64 b Fj(The)12 b(output)e(record)i(separator)g(for)f(the)h(print)e
  757. (operator)m(.)354 2152 y
  758. Fi($#)64 b Fj(The)12 b(output)e(format)h(for)h(printed)f(numbers.)g(Initial)f
  759. (value)h(is)g(\252)p Fi(\045.20g)p Fj(\272.)354 2217 y
  760. Fi($*)64 b Fj(Set)12 b(to)f(1)g(to)g(do)g(multiline)f(matching)g(within)g(a)i
  761. (string,)f(0)g(to)g(assume)g(strings)f(contain)472 2274 y
  762. (a)i(single)f(line.)g(Default)g(is)g(0.)354 2338 y
  763. Fi($?)64 b Fj(The)12 b(status)e(returned)i(by)f(the)g(last)g Fi(`)p Ff
  764. (COMMAND)p Fi(`)p Fj(,)h(pipe)f(close)g(or)g Fd(system)472 2395 y
  765. Fj(operator)m(.)354 2460 y
  766. Fi($])64 b Fj(The)12 b(perl)f(version)g(string)g(\(as)g(displayed)g(with)f Fi
  767. (perl)29 b(-v)p Fj(\),)13 b(or)f(version)e(number)m(.)354 2524 y
  768. Fi($[)64 b Fj(The)12 b(index)f(of)g(the)g(\256rst)h(element)f(in)g(an)g
  769. (array)m(,)i(and)e(of)h(the)f(\256rst)g(character)i(in)e(a)472 2581 y
  770. (substring.)g(Default)g(is)g(0.)354 2646 y
  771. Fi($;)64 b Fj(The)12 b(subscript)e(separator)i(for)g(multi-dimensional)c
  772. (array)k(emulation.)f(Default)g(is)472 2702 y
  773. Fi("\\034")p Fj(.)354 2767 y
  774. Fi($!)64 b Fj(If)12 b(used)f(in)g(a)h(numeric)f(context,)g(yields)g(the)g
  775. (current)h(value)f(of)h(errno.)g(If)g(used)f(in)g(a)472 2823 y
  776. (string)g(context,)g(yields)g(the)g(corresponding)g(error)h(string.)354 2888 y
  777. Fi($@)64 b Fj(The)12 b(perl)f(error)h(message)g(from)f(the)g(last)g(eval)g
  778. (or)h Fd(do)g Ff(EXPR)e Fj(command.)p 354 3018 1512 3 v 1811 3065 a Fg
  779. (16)p eop
  780. %%Page: 17 19
  781. bop 354 -101 a Fg(Perl)14 b(Reference)f(Guide)p 354 -89 1512 3 v 354 -12 a Fi
  782. ($:)64 b Fj(The)12 b(set)f(of)g(characters)i(after)f(which)f(a)h(string)e
  783. (may)h(be)h(broken)f(to)g(\256ll)g(continuation)472 45 y
  784. (\256elds)h(\(starting)e(with)h(\252)p Fi(\303)p Fj(\272\))i(in)e(a)g
  785. (format.)354 110 y
  786. Fi($0)64 b Fj(The)12 b(name)f(of)h(the)f(\256le)h(containing)e(the)h(perl)g
  787. (script)g(being)g(executed.)h(May)f(be)472 166 y
  788. (assigned)g(to.)354 231 y
  789. Fi($$)64 b Fj(The)12 b(process)f(number)g(of)h(the)f(perl)g(running)g(this)f
  790. (script.)h(Altered)h(\(in)f(the)g(child)472 287 y
  791. (process\))h(by)f Fd(fork)p Fj(.)354 352 y
  792. Fi($<)64 b Fj(The)12 b(real)g(uid)e(of)i(this)e(process.)354 417 y
  793. Fi($>)64 b Fj(The)12 b(ef)o(fective)g(uid)f(of)g(this)g(process.)354 482 y
  794. Fi($\()64 b Fj(The)12 b(real)g(gid)e(of)i(this)e(process.)354 546 y
  795. Fi($\))64 b Fj(The)12 b(ef)o(fective)g(gid)f(of)g(this)g(process.)354 611 y
  796. Fi($\303D)37 b Fj(The)12 b(debug)f(\257ags)h(as)f(passed)g(to)g(perl)h
  797. (using)e Fi(-D)i Fj(.)354 676 y
  798. Fi($\303F)37 b Fj(The)12 b(highest)e(system)g(\256le)i(descriptor)n(,)g
  799. (ordinarily)e(2.)354 741 y
  800. Fi($\303I)37 b Fj(In-place)12 b(edit)f(extension)g(as)g(passed)g(to)g(perl)h
  801. (using)e Fi(-i)i Fj(.)354 805 y
  802. Fi($\303P)37 b Fj(Internal)12 b(debugging)e(\257ag.)354 870 y
  803. Fi($\303T)37 b Fj(The)12 b(time)e(\(as)i(delivered)f(by)h Fd(time)p Fj(\))e
  804. (when)i(the)f(program)g(started.)h(This)e(value)i(is)472 927 y
  805. (used)g(by)f(the)g(\256le)h(test)e(operators)i(\252)p Fi(-M)p Fj(\272,)h
  806. (\252)p Fi(-A)p Fj(\272)g(and)e(\252)p Fi(-C)p Fj(\272.)354 991 y
  807. Fi($\303W)37 b Fj(The)12 b(value)f(if)g(the)h Fi(-w)g Fj(option)e(as)i
  808. (passed)f(to)g(perl.)354 1056 y
  809. Fi($\303X)37 b Fj(The)12 b(name)f(by)g(which)g(this)g(perl)g(was)h
  810. (invoked.)354 1121 y
  811. (The)g(following)e(variables)h(are)h(context)f(dependent)g(and)g(need)h(not)f
  812. (be)g(localized:)354 1186 y
  813. Fi($\045)64 b Fj(The)12 b(current)g(page)f(number)g(of)h(the)f(currently)g
  814. (selected)h(output)e(channel.)354 1250 y
  815. Fi($=)64 b Fj(The)12 b(page)f(length)g(of)h(the)f(current)g(output)g
  816. (channel.)g(Default)h(is)f(60)g(lines.)354 1315 y
  817. Fi($-)64 b Fj(The)12 b(number)f(of)g(lines)g(left)g(on)g(the)g
  818. (page.)354 1380 y
  819. Fi($\304)64 b Fj(The)12 b(name)f(of)h(the)f(current)h(report)f
  820. (format.)354 1445 y
  821. Fi($\303)64 b Fj(The)12 b(name)f(of)h(the)f(current)h(top-of-page)f
  822. (format.)354 1509 y
  823. Fi($|)64 b Fj(If)12 b(set)f(to)g(nonzero,)h(forces)g(a)g(\257ush)f(after)h
  824. (every)g(write)f(or)h(print)e(on)h(the)h(currently)472 1566 y
  825. (selected)g(output)e(channel.)i(Default)f(is)g(0.)354 1631 y
  826. Fi($ARGV)472 1687 y
  827. Fj(The)h(name)f(of)h(the)f(current)h(\256le)f(when)h(reading)f(from)g Fi
  828. (<>)h Fj(.)354 1752 y
  829. (The)g(following)e(variables)h(are)h(always)f(local)h(to)f(the)g(current)g
  830. (block:)354 1817 y
  831. Fi($&)64 b Fj(The)12 b(string)e(matched)h(by)g(the)h(last)f(pattern)g
  832. (match.)354 1881 y
  833. Fi($`)64 b Fj(The)12 b(string)e(preceding)i(what)f(was)g(matched)g(by)h(the)f
  834. (last)g(pattern)g(match.)354 1946 y
  835. Fi($')64 b Fj(The)12 b(string)e(following)g(what)h(was)h(matched)f(by)g(the)g
  836. (last)g(pattern)g(match.)354 2011 y
  837. Fi($+)64 b Fj(The)12 b(last)f(bracket)h(matched)f(by)g(the)g(last)g(search)h
  838. (pattern.)354 2076 y
  839. Fi($)q(1)p Fj(.)c(.)g(.)g Fi($9)p Fj(.)g(.)g(.)472 2132 y
  840. (Contains)j(the)g(subpattern)f(from)h(the)g(corresponding)g(set)g(of)g
  841. (parentheses)g(in)g(the)g(last)472 2188 y
  842. (pattern)h(matched.)f Fi($10)p Fj(.)d(.)g(.)h(and)j(up)f(are)h(only)f
  843. (available)g(if)g(the)g(match)g(contained)472 2245 y
  844. (that)g(many)g(sub-expressions.)355 2368 y
  845. Fl(25.)19 b(Special)h(arrays)p 355 2389 1512 2 v 354 2490 a Fi(@ARGV)42 b Fj
  846. (Contains)11 b(the)h(command)e(line)h(ar)o(guments)g(for)g(the)h(script)e
  847. (\(not)h(including)f(the)531 2546 y
  848. (command)h(name\).)354 2611 y
  849. Fi(@INC)69 b Fj(Contains)11 b(the)h(list)e(of)h(places)h(to)f(look)f(for)i
  850. (perl)f(scripts)g(to)g(be)g(evaluated)h(by)f(the)531 2667 y
  851. Fd(do)i Ff(FILENAME)d Fj(and)h Fd(require)h Fj(commands.)354 2732 y
  852. Fi(@_)123 b Fj(Parameter)11 b(array)g(for)f(subroutines.)f(Also)g(used)h
  853. (by)f Fd(split)g Fj(if)h(not)f(in)h(array)g(context.)354 2797 y
  854. Fi(\045ENV)69 b Fj(Contains)11 b(the)h(current)f(environment.)354 2862 y
  855. Fi(\045INC)69 b Fj(List)11 b(of)g(\256les)h(that)f(have)g(been)h Fd
  856. (require)p Fj(d)g(or)g Fd(do)p Fj(ne.)354 2926 y
  857. Fi(\045SIG)69 b Fj(Used)12 b(to)f(set)g(signal)f(handlers)h(for)h(various)f
  858. (signals.)p 354 3018 1512 3 v 354 3065 a Fg(17)p eop
  859. %%Page: 18 20
  860. bop 1362 -101 a Fg(Perl)14 b(Reference)f(Guide)p 354 -89 1512 3 v 355 -2 a Fl
  861. (26.)19 b(The)i(perl)f(debugger)p 355 19 1512 2 v 354 119 a Fj(The)12 b(perl)f
  862. (symbolic)f(debugger)h(is)g(invoked)g(with)f Fi(perl)29 b(-d)p Fj(.)354 184 y
  863. Fi(h)269 b Fj(Prints)11 b(out)f(a)i(help)f(message.)354 249 y
  864. Fi(T)269 b Fj(Stack)11 b(trace.)354 314 y
  865. Fi(s)269 b Fj(Single)11 b(steps.)354 378 y
  866. Fi(n)269 b Fj(Single)11 b(steps)f(around)i(subroutine)e(call.)354 443 y
  867. Fi(r)269 b Fj(Returns)11 b(from)g(the)g(current)h(subroutine.)354 508 y
  868. Fi(c)g Fj([)p Ff(LINE)p Fj(])134 b(Continues)10 b(\(until)h Ff(LINE)p Fj(,)g
  869. (or)g(another)h(breakpoint)e(or)i
  870. (exit\).)p 354 530 112 2 v 354 585 2 56 v 368 573 a Ff
  871. (RET)p 464 585 V 354 587 112 2 v 199 w Fj(Repeats)g(last)e Fi(s)i Fj(or)g Fi
  872. (n)p Fj(.)354 637 y
  873. Fi(l)g Fj([)p Ff(RANGE)p Fj(])79 b(Lists)10 b(a)i(range)f(of)h(lines.)f Ff
  874. (RANGE)g Fj(may)g(be)g(a)h(number)n(,)g(start-end,)650 694 y
  875. (start+amount,)e(or)h(a)h(subroutine)e(name.)i(If)g(omitted,)e(lists)g(next)h
  876. (window)m(.)354 759 y
  877. Fi(f)h Ff(FILE)169 b Fj(Switches)11 b(to)g Ff(FILE)g Fj(and)g(start)g
  878. (listing)f(it.)354 823 y
  879. Fi(-)269 b Fj(Lists)10 b(previous)h(window)m(.)354 888 y
  880. Fi(w)269 b Fj(Lists)10 b(window)g(around)i(current)f(line.)354 953 y
  881. Fi(l)h Ff(SUB)171 b Fj(Lists)10 b(the)h(named)g Ff(SUB)p Fj
  882. (routine.)354 1018 y
  883. Fi(/)p Ff(P)m(A)m(TTERN)p Fi(/)54 b Fj(Forward)12 b(search)g(for)f Ff(P)m(A)m
  884. (TTERN)p Fj(.)354 1082 y
  885. Fi(?)p Ff(P)m(A)m(TTERN)p Fi(?)54 b Fj(Backward)12 b(search)g(for)g Ff(P)m(A)m
  886. (TTERN)p Fj(.)354 1147 y
  887. Fi(L)269 b Fj(Lists)10 b(lines)h(that)f(have)i(breakpoints)f(or)g
  888. (actions.)354 1212 y
  889. Fi(S)269 b Fj(List)10 b(the)h(names)g(of)h(all)f(subroutines.)354 1277 y
  890. Fi(t)269 b Fj(T)m(oggles)10 b(trace)i(mode.)354 1342 y
  891. Fi(b)g Fj([)p Ff(LINE)f Fj([)p Ff(CONDITION)p Fj(]])650 1398 y
  892. (Sets)g(breakpoint)g(at)g Ff(LINE)p Fj(,)g(default:)g(current)h
  893. (line.)354 1463 y
  894. Fi(b)g Ff(SUBNAME)e Fj([)p Ff(CONDITION)p Fj(])650 1519 y
  895. (Sets)h(breakpoint)g(at)g(the)g(subroutine.)354 1584 y
  896. Fi(S)269 b Fj(Lists)10 b(names)h(of)g(all)g(subroutines.)354 1649 y
  897. Fi(d)h Fj([)p Ff(LINE)p Fj(])134 b(Deletes)11 b(breakpoint)g(at)g(the)g
  898. (given)g(line.)354 1713 y
  899. Fi(D)269 b Fj(Deletes)11 b(all)g(breakpoints.)354 1778 y
  900. Fi(a)h Ff(LINE)f(COMMAND)650 1835 y
  901. Fj(Sets)g(an)h(action)f(for)g(line.)354 1899 y
  902. Fi(A)269 b Fj(Deletes)11 b(all)g(line)g(actions.)354 1964 y
  903. Fi(<)h Ff(COMMAND)37 b Fj(Sets)11 b(an)h(action)f(to)g(be)g(executed)h
  904. (before)g(every)g(debugger)f(prompt.)354 2029 y
  905. Fi(>)h Ff(COMMAND)37 b Fj(Sets)11 b(an)h(action)f(to)g(be)g(executed)h
  906. (before)g(every)g Fi(s)p Fj(,)g Fi(c)g Fj(or)f Fi(n)h Fj(command.)354 2094 y
  907. Fi(V)g Fj([)p Ff(P)m(ACKAGE)e Fj([)p Ff(V)m(ARS)p Fj(])h(])650 2150 y
  908. (Lists)f(all)h(variables)g(in)g(a)h(package.)g(Default)g(package)g(is)e
  909. (main.)354 2215 y
  910. Fi(X)i Fj([)p Ff(V)m(ARS)p Fj(])116 b(Like)11 b Fi(V)p Fj(,)h(but)f(assumes)f
  911. (current)i(package.)354 2280 y
  912. Fi(!)g Fj([)g([-])p Ff(NUMBER)p Fj(])650 2336 y
  913. (Redo)f(a)h(debugging)e(command.)h(Default)h(is)e(previous)h
  914. (command.)354 2401 y
  915. Fi(H)h Fj([-)p Ff(NUMBER)p Fj(])31 b(Displays)10 b(the)h(last)g(-)p Ff
  916. (NUMBER)f Fj(commands)h(of)g(more)g(than)g(one)h(letter)m(.)354 2466 y
  917. Fi(q)269 b Fj(Quits.)10 b(Y)-5 b(ou)12 b(may)f(also)g(use)g
  918. (your)p 1199 2423 114 2 v 1199 2479 2 57 v 25 w Ff
  919. (EOF)p 1311 2479 V 1199 2481 114 2 v 26 w Fj(character)m(.)354 2530 y
  920. Ff(COMMAND)76 b Fj(Executes)11 b Ff(COMMAND)f Fj(as)i(a)f(perl)h
  921. (statement.)354 2595 y
  922. Fi(p)g Ff(EXPR)p Fe(y)122 b Fj(Prints)11 b Ff(EXPR)p Fj(.)354 2660 y
  923. Fi(=)h Fj([)p Ff(ALIAS)f(V)m(ALUE)p Fj(])650 2716 y
  924. (Sets)g(alias,)h(or)f(lists)f(current)i
  925. (aliases.)p 354 3018 1512 3 v 1811 3065 a Fg(18)p eop
  926. %%Page: 19 21
  927. bop 354 -101 a Fg(Perl)14 b(Reference)f(Guide)p 354 -89 1512 3 v 354 -2 a Fl
  928. (Notes)p 354 19 1512 2 v 354 2938 a Fj(Perl)f(Reference)i(Guide)d(Revision)g
  929. (4.019.1)1345 2937 y
  930. (c)1333 2938 y
  931. Fe(\015)p Fj(1989,1992)g(Johan)f(V)m(romans)p 354 3018 1512 3 v 354 3065 a Fg
  932. (19)p eop
  933. %%Trailer
  934. end
  935. userdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if
  936. %%EOF
  937. SHAR_EOF
  938. echo 'File refbase.ps is complete' &&
  939. chmod 0644 refbase.ps ||
  940. echo 'restore of refbase.ps failed'
  941. Wc_c="`wc -c < 'refbase.ps'`"
  942. test 84662 -eq "$Wc_c" ||
  943.     echo 'refbase.ps: original size 84662, current size' "$Wc_c"
  944. rm -f _shar_wnt_.tmp
  945. fi
  946. # ============= refbase.sty ==============
  947. if test -f 'refbase.sty' -a X"$1" != X"-c"; then
  948.     echo 'x - skipping refbase.sty (File already exists)'
  949.     rm -f _shar_wnt_.tmp
  950. else
  951. > _shar_wnt_.tmp
  952. echo 'x - extracting refbase.sty (Text)'
  953. sed 's/^X//' << 'SHAR_EOF' > 'refbase.sty' &&
  954. %% refbase.sty -- standard style for Perl Reference Guide
  955. %%
  956. %% SCCS Status     : @(#)@ refbase.sty    4.2.3
  957. %% Author          : Johan Vromans
  958. %% Created On      : Wed Jul  3 13:58:33 1991
  959. %% Last Modified By: Johan Vromans
  960. %% Last Modified On: Wed Feb 19 14:52:29 1992
  961. %% Update Count    : 185
  962. %% Status          : OK
  963. %%
  964. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Copyright %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
  965. %
  966. % The Perl Reference Guide and its associated files are 
  967. %
  968. % Copyright 1989, 1992 Johan Vromans.
  969. %
  970. % They may be used and reproduced under the terms of the
  971. % GNU Public Licence. A copy of this licence should have 
  972. % been included in your Perl source kit.
  973. %
  974. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Disclaimer %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
  975. %
  976. % I'm not a TeX wizard. I stole some of the ideas from 
  977. % Raymond Chen <raymond@math.berkeley.edu> and others.
  978. %
  979. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Usage %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
  980. %
  981. % Usage:
  982. %
  983. %    \documentstyle[psfonts]{perlref}
  984. %
  985. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Start of code %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
  986. %
  987. % Allow % to be printed (for SCCS keywords)
  988. \catcode`\%=11
  989. \def\perlrev{4.019}
  990. \typeout{Document Style 'perlref' Version 2.3 for Perl \perlrev}
  991. \def\refrev{\perlrev.\revision}
  992. \typeout{Reference Guide revision is \refrev.}
  993. \catcode`\%=14
  994. %
  995. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Other Styles %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
  996. %
  997. \input article.sty        % standard LaTeX
  998. \@twosidetrue            % format two-sided
  999. \input art11.sty        % standard LaTeX
  1000. %
  1001. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Selection of Fonts %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
  1002. %
  1003. \let\makeuppage=\relax
  1004. %
  1005. % >>>> Comment out the rest of this section 
  1006. % >>>> if you don't have dvips
  1007. % >>>> You will probably have to change \topmargin,
  1008. % >>>> \{odd,even}sidemargin and \textheight in the next 
  1009. % >>>> section as well.
  1010. %
  1011. \ifx\selectfont\undefined
  1012. X    \typeout{Configuring for dvips 5.47 and PostScript fonts}
  1013. X    \def\@mrm{ptmr}        % times - roman
  1014. X    \def\@mit{ptmri}        % times - italic
  1015. X    \def\@msl{phvbo}        % helvetica - bold oblique
  1016. X    \def\@mbf{phvb}        % helvetica - bold
  1017. X    \def\@mcsc{ptmrc}        % times - roman - small caps
  1018. X    \def\@mtt{pcrb}        % courier bold
  1019. X    \def\@mss{phvr}        % helvetica
  1020. X    \input psfonts.sty        % LaTeX PostScript fonts
  1021. \else
  1022. X    % Code to handle New Font Selection Scheme
  1023. X    % Donated by N Tomczak-Jaegermann <ntomczak@vega.math.ualberta.ca>
  1024. X    % I have not tested this!
  1025. X    \typeout{Configuring for dvips 5.47 and PostScript fonts using NFSS}
  1026. X    \input npsfont.sty
  1027. X    \newpsfamily{refam}{%
  1028. X    {m}{n}{ptmr},             % times - roman
  1029. X    {m}{it}{ptmri},           % times - italic
  1030. X    {m}{sl}{phvbo},           % helvetica - bold oblique
  1031. X    {m}{sc}{ptmrc},           % times - roman - small caps
  1032. X    {bx}{n}{phvb}}            % helvetica - bold
  1033. X    \newpsfamily{rett}{%
  1034. X    {m}{n}{pcrb}}             % courier bold
  1035. X    \newpsfamily{resf}{%
  1036. X    {m}{n}{phvr}}             % helvetica
  1037. X    \renewcommand{\rmdefault}{refam}
  1038. X    \renewcommand{\ttdefault}{rett}
  1039. X    \renewcommand{\sfdefault}{resf}
  1040. X    \family{refam}\selectfont
  1041. \fi
  1042. % In the final version, some explicit \newpages are needed. 
  1043. \let\makeuppage=\newpage
  1044. %
  1045. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Private Settings %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
  1046. %
  1047. \topmargin -1.55cm        % for dvips 5.47
  1048. \headheight 0.7cm
  1049. \headsep 0.4cm
  1050. \footskip 1.0cm
  1051. \textheight 25.4cm         % for dvips 5.47
  1052. \textwidth 12.8cm
  1053. \oddsidemargin 3cm        % for dvips 5.47
  1054. \evensidemargin 3cm         % for dvips 5.47
  1055. \frenchspacing
  1056. %
  1057. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Headers/Footers %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
  1058. %
  1059. \newlength{\tw}\setlength{\tw}{\textwidth}\addtolength{\tw}{-2pt}
  1060. \def\@refhead#1{%
  1061. X    \vbox{\makebox[\textwidth][#1]{\large\sl{Perl Reference Guide}}
  1062. X      \rule[-0.1cm]{\textwidth}{0.5pt}}}
  1063. \def\@reffoot#1{%
  1064. X    \vbox{\rule[-0.6cm]{\textwidth}{0.5pt}
  1065. X      \makebox[\textwidth][#1]{\large\sl\thepage}}}
  1066. %
  1067. \def\@oddhead{\@refhead{l}}
  1068. \def\@evenhead{\@refhead{r}}
  1069. \def\@oddfoot{\@reffoot{l}}
  1070. \def\@evenfoot{\@reffoot{r}}
  1071. %
  1072. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Paragraphs %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
  1073. %
  1074. \parindent 0pt            % align to left margin
  1075. \setlength{\baselineskip}{12pt}    % inter-line spacing
  1076. \parskip 2pt plus 1pt        % half-line spacing between paragraphs
  1077. \setlength{\smallskipamount}{\parskip} % half-line
  1078. \setlength{\medskipamount}{2\parskip} % single line
  1079. \setlength{\bigskipamount}{3\parskip} % one-and-a-half line
  1080. \setlength{\topsep}{0pt plus 1pt} % for lists and tabbing
  1081. \setlength{\partopsep}{0pt plus 1pt} % for lists and tabbing
  1082. \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt plus 1pt} % for lists and tabbing
  1083. %
  1084. \raggedright            % no adjustment
  1085. %
  1086. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Sections and such %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
  1087. %
  1088. % Note: zero is a 'hot' value. approximate with 0.1pt
  1089. \def\pr@section{
  1090. X    \@startsection {section}{1}{0.1pt}
  1091. X               {12pt}{0.1pt}{\normalsize}}
  1092. %
  1093. \renewcommand{\section}[1]{
  1094. X    \addtocounter{section}{1}
  1095. X    \pr@section*{\vbox{{\LARGE\sl \thesection. #1}
  1096. X               {\rule[0.3cm]{\textwidth}{0.25pt}}}}}
  1097. \newcommand{\unnumbered}[1]{
  1098. X    {\vbox{{\LARGE\sl {#1}}
  1099. X           {\rule[0.3cm]{\textwidth}{0.25pt}}}}}
  1100. SHAR_EOF
  1101. true || echo 'restore of refbase.sty failed'
  1102. fi
  1103. echo 'End of  part 2'
  1104. echo 'File refbase.sty is continued in part 3'
  1105. echo 3 > _shar_seq_.tmp
  1106. exit 0
  1107. exit 0 # Just in case...
  1108.