Source Code 1992 March/Source_Code_CD-ROM_Walnut_Creek_March_1992.iso/usenet/altsrcs/3/3576

Internet Message Format | 1991-07-03 | 13.9 KB

From: [e-mail] (Bob Smith)
Newsgroups: alt.sources
Subject: talk for Sun without sockets
Message-ID: <[e-mail]>
Date: 3 Jul 91 00:30:00 GMT

I've just finished reworking a talk program that uses named pipes,
to work on a Sun 2/50 (SunOS3.5).  It was originally posted for
SysV type machines, and still maintains all of the original
source.  You may be asking why do I want this?  Well you probably
don't since SunOS comes with a talk program, but the as supplied
SunOS talk requires that sockets be alive on your machine, i.e.
you're connected to a network with your ethernet port 'up'.  If
you're NOT connected to a network and your ethernet port is 'down',
you could use this, trust me:-)

(don't forget to take the signature off the bottom!)
---- cut here ---- cut here ---- cut here ---- cut here ----
/*
 * Subject: v06i010:  A "talk" for system V.2 (sysVtalkA)
 * Newsgroups: mod.sources
 * Approved: [e-mail]
 *
 * Submitted by: genrad!decvax!mcvax!mdtch!watson (James Watson)
 * Mod.sources: Volume 6, Issue 10
 * Archive-name: sysVtalkA
 *
 * [ This is the first of two different USG talk programs.  This one
 *   uses FIFO's (named pipes).  I have not tried it out.  -r$]
 *
 * ---
 * I wrote the following because I got tired of having only write (ugh) on
 * SVR2.  It could stand some improvement, especially in the area of
 * handling unlikely errors, but...
 *
 *    James Watson
 *    Modulator SA, Koenizstrasse 194,
 *    3097 Liebefeld-Bern, Switzerland
 *
 * ---
 * Modified for a Sun 2/50 (SunOS 3.5);
 * Just enter this to compile it:
 *
 *    cc -O -s -DBSD talk.c -lcurses -ltermcap -o talk
 *
 * With SunOS already possessing a 'talk' program, you may be
 * asking; 'what the hell do I need this for...'.  Well you
 * probably don't!  This is for the special condition where
 * you want to have a talk like program, but your unfortunate
 * enough to NOT be connected to a network; which means you
 * probably have 'ifconfig {ie0|ec0|le0} ... down' in your
 * /etc/rc.boot file; which further translates into the fact
 * that socket calls on your machine will be dead, thereby
 * negating any usefulness that might be derived from the as
 * supplied SunOS 'talk'...
 *
 * As Jim says above; 'it could stand some improvement...'
 *
 *      snuffy!bob (Bob Smith)
 *    [phone]
 */

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <utmp.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <curses.h>

#define BELL 7

#ifdef BSD
struct utmp *getutent();
int utmp_fp = 0, tflags;
#else
extern struct utmp *getutent();
#endif

extern char *ttyname();
extern unsigned alarm();

char *make_str();
char out_fn[20];

terminate ()
{
    unlink (out_fn);
    move (LINES-1, 0);
    refresh ();
    endwin ();
#ifdef BSD
    fcntl (0, F_GETFL, &tflags);
    fcntl (0, F_SETFL, tflags & ~FNDELAY);
#endif
    exit (0);
}

catch_alarm () {}

main (argc, argv)
int argc;
char *argv[];
{
    struct utmp *utp, ctp;
#ifndef BSD
    struct termio tflags;
#endif
    int in_pipe, out_pipe, their_fd, count = 0;
    WINDOW *in_win, *out_win;
    char in_c, their_tty[20], in_fn[20];
    char *my_tty, my_name[L_cuserid+1], call_mesg[100];

    /* Check validity of arguments. */
    if (argc < 2 || argc > 3) {
        fprintf (stderr, "Use: %s username [ttyn]\n", *argv);
        exit (-1);
    }

    /* We will need to know the tty device name... */
    if ((my_tty = ttyname (0)) == NULL) {
        fprintf (stderr, "Sorry, I cannot figure out what tty you are on.\n");
        exit (-1);
    }

    /* But only the last component of it. */
    my_tty = strrchr (my_tty, '/') + 1;

    /*
     * Sanity check.  You cannot ask to talk to yourself unless you specify
     * some tty other than the one you are on.
     */
    if (!strncmp (argv[1], cuserid(my_name), L_cuserid) &&
      (argc == 2 || !strncmp (my_tty, argv[2], 12))) {
        fprintf (stderr, "Only crazy people talk to themselves...\n");
        exit (-1);
    }

    /* Now find out if the requested user is logged in. */
    while (utp = getutent()) {

        /*
         * There are three criteria here:
         *    1. The entry must be for a user process.
         *    2. The user name must match the first argument.
         *    3. If a second argument was given, the tty name
         *       must match that argument.
         * We have to allow for the possibility that the request is not
         * specific enough - i.e. no tty name was given, and the requested
         * user is logged in more than once.
         */
#ifdef BSD
        if (!strncmp (utp->ut_name, argv[1], 8) &&
#else
        if (utp->ut_type == USER_PROCESS &&
          !strncmp (utp->ut_user, argv[1], 8) &&
#endif
          (argc == 2 || !strncmp (utp->ut_line, argv[2], 12))) {
            if (count++) {
                fprintf (stderr,
                  "User '%s' logged in more than once.  Use \"%s %s ttyn\".\n",
                  argv[1], argv[0], argv[1]);
                exit (-1);
            }
            else ctp = *utp;
        }
    }

    if (!count) {
        fprintf (stderr, "%s not currently logged in", argv[1]);
        if (argc == 3)
            fprintf (stderr, " on %s", argv[2]);
        fprintf (stderr, ".\n");
        exit (-1);
    }

    /* Finally found someone.  Make sure we are allowed to talk to them. */
    sprintf (their_tty, "/dev/%s", ctp.ut_line);
    if ((their_fd = open (their_tty, O_WRONLY, 0)) < 0) {
        fprintf (stderr, "Sorry, no write permission on %s.\n", their_tty);
        exit (-1);
    }

    /*
     * At this point, we know we are going to at least try to talk to
     * someone.  Now we do the complete initialization.
     *
     * Initialize curses.  Note that the signal traps set set immediately
     * upon return from iniscr() - before calling any other curses
     * functions.  No sense in leaving a bigger window than necessary.
     */
    initscr ();
    signal (SIGINT, terminate);
    signal (SIGKILL, terminate);
    cbreak ();
    noecho ();

    /* Declare the windows to be used for the conversation. */
    in_win = subwin (stdscr, (LINES-1)/2, COLS, 0, 0);
    out_win = subwin (stdscr, (LINES-1)/2, COLS, (LINES-1)/2+1, 0);
    scrollok (out_win, TRUE);
    scrollok (in_win, TRUE);
    idlok (out_win, TRUE);
    idlok (in_win, TRUE);
    clear ();
    wclear (in_win);
    wclear (out_win);
    mvaddstr ((LINES-1)/2, 0, make_str ('-', COLS-1));
    wmove (in_win, 0, 0);
    wmove (out_win, 0, 0);
    refresh ();

    /*
     * Here is a decidedly shaky trick to play.  Curses only gives you two
     * choices for keyboard reads - completely blocking, or completely
     * non-blocking.  Obviously, we cannot use blocking reads, because we
     * need to get the input from the other person even when we have
     * nothing to say.  On the other hand, completely non-blocking reads
     * would put the program in a very tight loop looking at the keyboard
     * and the pipe for input - which would put an unnecessarily heavy
     * load on the system.  This loop could be slowed down with some kind
     * of a sleep() or napms(), but that would make the screen look sort
     * of jumpy.  System V termio supports timed out reads, so I choose
     * to use them as the gating factor in the loop.  I am assuming that
     * when I call cbreak(), curses sets ~ICANON, VMIN = 1 and VTIME = 1.
     * If I now sneak in here and set VMIN = 0 and VTIME = 10, keyboard
     * reads will time out if there is no input in 1 second, and I can
     * pick up the input from the pipe.  The advantage over a simple
     * sleep() is that if there IS input from the keyboard, the read will
     * return in less than 1 second, and I can read from the pipe that
     * much sooner.  This makes the screen updating less jumpy.
     *
     * BSD Note: Since SunOS doesn't do this; (at least not with the
     * stock BSD derived libraries), I resort to using usleep() to
     * the CPU burden down.  (See farther below.)
     */
#ifdef BSD
    fcntl (0, F_GETFL, &tflags);
    fcntl (0, F_SETFL, tflags | FNDELAY);
#else
    ioctl (0, TCGETA, &tflags);
    tflags.c_cc[VMIN] = 0;
    tflags.c_cc[VTIME] =10;
    ioctl (0, TCSETA, &tflags);
#endif

    /*
     * The sequence of events during the startup is important, and is
     * relatiely interesting.  The situation is this:
     *        1. The user has requested a talk connection to someone.
     *        2. We don't know yet if this user is trying to originiate a
     *          connection, or if they are responding to a request from
     *          the other person.
     *        3. If this is an originating request, we have to notify the
     *           other user of it, and then wait for that user to respond.
     *        4. If this is a response to a request from the other user, we
     *           must not fool around with notification, but rather go
     *           straight into the conversation.
     * We will use several characteristics of Unix pipes to resolve this:
     *        1. Attempting to open() a named pipe that does not exist will
     *          fail.  (I hope this is not a great surprise...)
     *        2. Opening a named pipe for reading, with O_NDELAY clear, will
     *          succeed immediately if someone else already has that pipe
     *           open for writing.
     *        3. Opening a named pipe for writing, with O_NDELAY clear, will
     *           block the process until someone opens that pipe for reading.
     * So, what we will actually do is this:
     *        1. Make up a couple of pipe names, based on the tty names
     *           involved.  Note that this entire sequence could get screwed
     *           up if someone other than the talk programs opened, deleted,
     *          or otherwise screwed up our pipes.  We therefore choose to
     *           use dot files in /tmp, so they are not so visible.
     *        2. Try to open the pipe that should be created by the other
     *           user's talk program.  If this open succeeds, then we must
     *           be replying to a call; if it fails, we are originating one.
     *        3. If the open fails, send a message to the other user, set an
     *           alarm for 30 seconds, and block the process by trying to
     *          open the pipe we created.  If the user responds, the other
     *          talk program will open our pipe, and then our open will
     *           succeed.  If there is no response the alarm will fire, and
     *          the open will return -1.
     */
    sprintf (out_fn, "/tmp/.talk_%s", my_tty);
    sprintf (in_fn, "/tmp/.talk_%s", ctp.ut_line);
    mknod (out_fn, 0010644, 0);

    /* See if they are waiting on us... */
    if ((in_pipe = open (in_fn, O_RDONLY | O_NDELAY, 0644)) >= 0)

        /* They were, so we can open the other pipe and get to work. */
        out_pipe = open (out_fn, O_WRONLY, 0644);
    else {

        /* Nope, so we are the ones that have to do all the work... */
        sprintf (call_mesg,"\n\n\
[%s is requesting a 'talk' link with you.]\n\
[Type 'talk %s %s' to reply.]%c\n",
            my_name, my_name, my_tty, BELL);
        count = 0;
        do {
            write (their_fd, call_mesg, (unsigned) strlen(call_mesg));
            mvwprintw (in_win, 0, 0, "[%d ringy-ding", ++count);
            if (count == 1)
                wprintw (in_win, "y]\n");
            else
                wprintw (in_win, "ies]\n");
            wrefresh (in_win);

            /*
             * Note that the alarm catching routine is a no-op.  All the
             * real work is done right here; we are simply using the alarm
             * to unblock the open() periodically.
             */
            signal (SIGALRM, catch_alarm);
            alarm ((unsigned) 30);

            /* We block here waiting on a reply... */
            out_pipe = open (out_fn, O_WRONLY, 0644);
        } while (count < 4 && out_pipe < 0);
        close (their_fd);
        if (out_pipe < 0) {
            waddstr (in_win, "[No answer.  Giving up.]");
            wrefresh (in_win);
            terminate ();
        }

        /* OK, they answered, so open the other pipe. */
        in_pipe = open (in_fn, O_RDONLY | O_NDELAY, 0644);
    }

    /*
     * We are now ready to talk.  Both processes will hold the named pipes
     * open forever from this point, so we can unlink() them, to avoid any
     * chance that someone will see them, and say "Gee, I wonder what those
     * are?  Maybe I'll cat /etc/termcap to them to see what happens..."
     */
    unlink (out_fn);
    wmove (in_win, 0, 0);
    wclrtoeol (in_win);
    waddstr (in_win, "[Connected]\n");
    wrefresh (in_win);
    signal (SIGPIPE, terminate);

    /*
     * Believe it or not, the preceding 100+ lines of code were necessary
     * just to set things up for the following 10 line loop.
     *
     * The infinite loop is exited only upon receipt of a signal.  The
     * possiblilites are:
     *        1. This user terminates the conversation by typing the
     *           interrupt or quit character.
     *        2. The other user terminates the conversation, thereby
     *           closing the pipes.  The next attempt to write a character
     *           on the output pipe generates SIGPIPE.
     * All three signals are trapped to the terminate() routine.
     *
     * Note the use of if() when reading the keyboard, and while() when
     * reading the pipe.  Since we are using the keyboard timeout to
     * control the entire loop, we must drain the pipe each time the
     * keyboard read is satisfied or times out.
     *
     * BSD Note: This thing is a CPU hog without the usleep() function
     * call since it uses non-blocking reads for both the keyboard and
     * the pipe.  It should be 'prettied' up somehow; possibly by
     * rewriting the whole thing into a 2 process program, 1 to read
     * the keyboard and write to the out_pipe, the other to read the
     * in_pipe.  That would allow blocking reads to be used.
     *
     * Also note the addition of wclrtoeol(); a rather crude hack that
     * makes sure the last line of each window is cleared when the
     * window scrolls.  There's probably a better way than that too,
     * but I'm not a curses wizard...
     */
    for (;;) {
        if (read (0, &in_c, 1) > 0) {
            waddch (out_win, in_c);
#ifdef BSD
            wclrtoeol (out_win);
#endif
            wrefresh (out_win);
            write (out_pipe, &in_c, 1);
        }
        while (read (in_pipe, &in_c, 1) > 0) {
            waddch (in_win, in_c);
#ifdef BSD
            wclrtoeol (in_win);
#endif
            wrefresh (in_win);
        }
#ifdef BSD
        usleep((unsigned)100000L);
#endif
    }
}

char *
make_str (c, size)
char c;
int size;
{
    char *s;
    static char t[BUFSIZ];

    if (size > BUFSIZ) size = BUFSIZ - 1;
    s = t;
    while (size--) *s++ = c;
    *s = '\0';
    return t;
}

#ifdef BSD
struct utmp *
getutent ()
{
    static struct utmp ttmp;

    if (utmp_fp == 0) {
        utmp_fp = open ("/etc/utmp", O_RDONLY);
        if (utmp_fp < 0) {
            fprintf (stderr, "Cannot open /etc/utmp\n");
            exit (-1);
        }
    }

    if (read (utmp_fp, &ttmp, sizeof(ttmp)) <= 0) {
        close (utmp_fp);
        utmp_fp = 0;
        return (struct utmp *)0;
    }
    else
        return (&ttmp);
}
#endif

--
 \ Bob Smith         \________________________________________
  \ 835 Mammoth Rd.   \ uucp: ...!wang.com!snuffy!bob
   \ Dracut, MA. 01826 \ Office && voice mail: [phone]