home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
-
- Why the EMS Page Frame is Important
-
- Quarterdeck Technical Note #295 Filename: FRAME.TEC
- by Michael Bolton CompuServe: FRAME.TEC
- Last revised: 4/02/95 Category: QEMM
-
- Subject: How the EMS page frame can save much more than the 64K of
- High RAM than it requires, and why disabling the page
- frame is a bad idea.
-
- Technical support staff at some companies will sometimes suggest
- that you disable the expanded memory page frame in order to get
- 64K more High RAM. This is short-sighted and wasteful. The
- expanded memory page frame is one of the most valuable resources
- available to increase the amount of memory available to your DOS
- programs.
-
- To understand the usefulness of the EMS page frame in a
- non-technical way, suppose an empty space, 16" x 12", on an
- otherwise blank wall in your living room. Some people might put
- up a painting (which displays one thing, all the time), but most
- would prefer a television screen (in which you can see what you
- want, when you want to see it).
-
- On a more technical level, the page frame is a 64K window of
- address space, typically located above the 640K line, that can be
- shared and used by multiple programs to reduce their overhead. To
- understand how expanded memory works, it is most useful to
- understand the concept of mapping. Mapping is the process by
- which memory management hardware and software can make memory
- appear in appropriate places at appropriate times; it is the
- process of associating memory with an address other than its
- actual one. The expanded memory specification (EMS) uses mapping
- to make portions of expanded memory appear inside the EMS page
- frame when that memory is requested by a program. When a program
- needs more memory than what is normally available to it under DOS,
- it can request that some expanded memory be allocated from either
- an EMS board, or from the extended memory managed and made to
- appear as expanded memory by a 386 memory manager such as QEMM.
-
- Expanded memory has no addresses of its own, but can be made to
- appear at a valid address -- "mapped in". Expanded memory pages
- that are not currently needed may be "mapped out" -- relieved of
- their addresses and put back into the expanded memory pool, with
- code and data still intact. When the application needs these
- pages, they are "mapped in" to the EMS page frame again. It is
- therefore possible for a program that uses expanded memory to have
- access to much more memory than DOS itself can see of its own
- accord. This is similar in concept to bank switching and paged
- memory systems, techniques used to extend and add power to
- everything from mainframe computers to high-end UNIX systems to
- DOS machines. Any program loaded on your system may use EMS at
- any time, even while other programs have access to it.
-
- Mapping is also useful for creating High RAM; in the same way as
- detailed above, memory can be associated with unused addresses
- between 640K and 1MB. The 386 hardware and QEMM cooperate to make
- memory appear where there is otherwise none; this memory is called
- High RAM. Programs can be loaded into High RAM instead of
- conventional memory. This allows more room in conventional memory
- for DOS programs. Unlike the page frame, however, only one
- program at a time can occupy a block of High RAM.
-
- QEMM's StealthROM feature uses mapping for yet another purpose.
- The 386 chip can be made to map memory in or out of DOS' address
- space at any time. StealthROM uses the page frame and 386 mapping
- to map system, disk, or video ROMs in and out of DOS' address
- space when appropriate. More information on StealthROM is
- available in Quarterdeck Technical Note #168, QEMM's StealthROM
- Technology (STLTECH.TEC).
-
- The Quarterdeck Expanded Memory Manager, QEMM, provides expanded
- memory services, allowing any EMS-using program on your system to
- take advantage of expanded memory. QEMM itself also takes
- advantage of expanded memory for its StealthROM, SqueezeFrame, and
- Stealth D*Space features.
-
- Thus any advice to remove the page frame is penny-wise and
- pound-foolish. Remember that the page frame is 64K of address
- space that can be used any program, at any time, to access
- effectively as much memory as it likes. Some view the page frame
- as 64K of address space that could be used to hold up 64K of
- programs, but it is much more useful to consider the page frame as
- a place to access up to 32 megabytes of code and/or data for the
- programs that use it. The distinction is very similar to the
- difference between a TV and a painting.
-
- On an example system, with the page frame enabled, StealthROM can
- create an 83K of extra High RAM. This alone justifies the
- investment in the page frame, returning an extra 19K. Stealth
- D*Space can also use the page frame, reducing the overhead for
- Microsoft's DoubleSpace or DriveSpace disk compression utilities
- by 40K. Stacker's EMS feature can permit similar memory gains.
-
- This example system is on a Novell network. If the page frame is
- enabled, one may use EMSNETX as the network redirector instead of
- NETX. The overhead for the latter is 44K; for the former it's a
- little less than 10K. When EMS is available, VSAFE, on that
- system, reduces its overhead from 22K to 6.5K; MSCDEX goes from
- 35K to 15K, and so on. Thus 194K of code is loaded for an
- investment of 64K, at a net savings of 130K.
-
- In addition to these savings, EMS is also available to DOS
- application programs that can use it. If an application uses EMS,
- it can reduce its conventional memory overhead dramatically,
- and/or improve its performance. The Lotus 1-2-3 Release 2 series,
- the most widely-installed version of Lotus, uses expanded memory;
- WordPerfect 5.1 similarly uses expanded memory. Neither of these
- programs uses XMS (or any other flavour of) extended memory. VCPI,
- a memory management specification for DOS Extended applications,
- depends on an expanded memory manager to be present. Not all VCPI
- applications require a page frame, but many of them attempt to map
- a page in the page frame, and refuse to run if they can't.
-
- In summary, it is imprudent to disable the EMS page frame in order
- to create more High RAM. For a 64K investment, you can typically
- recover a good deal more memory.
-
- ******************************************************************
- * Trademarks are property of their respective owners. *
- * This and other technical notes may be available in updated *
- * forms through Quarterdeck's standard support channels. *
- * Copyright (C) 1995 Quarterdeck Corporation *
- ******************** E N D O F F I L E ***********************
-
-