Early morphogenesis includes the processes of gastrulation and neurulation. Gastrulation and neurulation shape the embryonic cells into the initial configuration required for later differentiation into the principal tissues of the fully-developed organism. The developing blastula is characterized by the fact that the cells of one hemisphere (the vegetal hemisphere) are generally larger than those of the opposite hemisphere (the animal hemisphere). Gastrulation begins when an invagination at the pole of the vegetal hemisphere occurs. The cells proceed to