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Text File | 1991-03-17 | 14.7 KB | 440 lines

/* This translation of 'lies.txt' was done by Markus Buchhorn */ /* (markus@mso.anu.edu.au) in the interests of spreading PD/similar software.*/ /* I accept no responsibility whatsoever for errors in the translation of the*/ /* document. If you don't trust me, get someone else to translate it for you.*/ /* A point of clarification: I have used the term 'subroutine' liberally in */ /* the translation. More correct translation would be 'sub-program', yet I */ /* think subroutine is usually intended. */ /* */ /* I apologise for the disjointedness of some of the sentences, but sometimes*/ /* I just translated the sentence as it stood, or had to make up words that */ /* approximated the intent of the sentence/caption. Markus Buchhorn 4Feb91*/ ------------------------------------------------- | BC-FORTRAN77 Vers.1.3C | | Copyright: Andre Köstli | | 1990 Martin-Luther-Str.63 | | D7000 Stuttgart 50 | |-----------------------------------------------| | The Version "C" of BC-FORTRAN77, consisting | | of the (later described) 5 Parts, | | was totally programmed by myself. I | | allow free usage-rights to Vers.C for | | noncommercial applications, all rights though | | remain with me, in particular, the sale of | | Vers.C, even in the accompaniment of other | | Products, is not permitted. Every copy | | of this distribution must contain this | | textfile (uneditted) [NB-German version -MB] | | For commercial aplications there exists | | Vers.P of this programme, which has a | | licensing requirement. | | The use of these programmes for military | | purposes, and related research, is forbidden !| | March 1990 A.Köstli | ------------------------------------------------- BC-FORTRAN77 Version C is a part of an extensive development system, Version P (see below). Vers.C is intended to provide, in a simple way, a compiler for programming courses. To meet this intent, this software runs almost identically on AMIGAs, ATARI STs and MS-DOS computers. BC-FORTRAN77 Vers.P ------------------- BC-FORTRAN77 Vers.P is an extensive development system, that combines, besides a compiler and linker, also an editor, precompiler and version-management-system under a single User-interface. The system is designed so that in the development-cycle only the modified subroutines need to be recompiled; even with programmes with several hundred subroutines, each development-cycle (edit, compile, link and run) takes only a few seconds. Mathematical coprocessors are supported in Version P, as well as 68020-processor specific commands. Version P contains a user-friendly debugger with source-code interface, to enable interactive testing, as well as several libraries which (among other things) allow the use of the Amiga libraries: Exec, Dos, Graphics and Intuition. Together with a 150 page manual, BC-FORTRAN77 Vers.P costs DM 350.- and can be ordered from the above address. (Please indicate AMIGA or ATARI ST. The MS-DOS version of Version P. does not exists at this time.) BC-FORTRAN77 Vers.C ------------------- BC-FORTRAN77 Vers.C, to which the rest of this text pertains, consists of the following files: LIES.TXT This Text (German version -MB) BCF Compiler BCL Linker BCRTSY Runtimesystem MATHLIB.B Library with standard functions If you make a copy, all of these files must be included unchanged. To run BC-FORTRAN77 on the AMIGA you need 1MB RAM, and it will run from the CLI or the shell. Installation. ------------- The easiest way to use this is attained if you work only from one directory, in which all of the parts of BC-FORTRAN77 are. Should you want to use several directories, one can install it with the following CLI commands: COPY BC? C: COPY BCRTSY S: COPY MATHLIB.B S: Compiler -------- The Compiler is executed with BCF [-Option...] Datafile... If <Datafile> contains no period '.' then a .F extension is assumed. The compiled version of the program is written to Datafile.B Example: BCF -D TEST.F compiles TEST.F with the debug-option into TEST.B BCF TEST SUB compiles TEST.F to TEST.B and SUB.F to SUB.B BCF TEST.X.Y compiles TEST.X.Y to TEST.B (Careful!). Compiler Options ----------------- -D Debug, combines -BVL -B deBugcode, implies -H and produces as well code for the Debug-call, to check array-bounds and substrings. -H parcHeck, code to check parameter- lists and Stackoverflow is generated. -V Varlist: Variablelist for the Debugger. -L Lineslist: Line-number-list for the Debugger. -U Uppercase: convert lower- to uppercase (except in character-constants and Formats). If this option is omitted then xy, XY, Xy and xY are four different variables! -F Freeinput: Sourcecode is not in FORTRAN format. non-standard! -P Protocol: Printout of compiled lines. Language-coverage ------------------ BC-FORTRAN77 compiles the complete set of the ANSI/ISO standard The standard is however 'damaged' by several unusual [local -MB] features (which are most commonly described as 'extensions'). I strongly recommend that local dialectic constructs are not used, as they are not standardised and are thus not defined exactly. The most important variations [non-standard features -MB]: INTEGER*1 8 bit INTEGER INTEGER*2 16 bit INTEGER INTEGER*4 same as INTEGER LOGICAL*1 8 bit LOGICAL LOGICAL*2 16 bit LOGICAL LOGICAL*4 same as LOGICAL IMPLICIT NONE turn off implicit typing of variables COMMON /%adr/ Absolute Common, adr is a constant or similar variable. EQUIVALENCE() between Character and other types as well as mixing in common-blocks. Recursive subroutine-calling. Names with max. 8 characters (Standard: 6). The most important limitations are: 32kB Code per subroutine 32kB SAVE/DATA per subroutine or datablock 700 subroutines per <datafile> [i.e. main program -MB] 500 different common-blocks per main-program. As well, there are a set of limitations that lead to error-messages, due to unreasonably large subroutines, however in most cases the above 32kB code-size limit would have been exceeded by that stage. Linker ------ The Linker is executed by: BCL [-Options...] Datafile... If <datafile> has no period '.', then a .B extension is assumed. The programme data is then put in the file with name <datafile>, with no .B extension. If standard mathematical functions are used then the file MATHLIB.B has to be included in the link. The Runtimesystem BCRTSY is automatically loaded. example: BCL -S16 TEST SUB MATHLIB or BCL -S16 TEST.B SUB.B MATHLIB.B will link the files TEST.B und SUB.B and will put the executable result in TEST, which will use a stacksize of 16kB. Linker Options --------------- -Sn Stacksize of the resulting Programme will be set to n kB . If this option is omitted, then a very large stack will be assumed. All local-variables and subroutine-variable-storage will be placed on the stack. -O Optimized Linking: subroutines which are never called are omitted. -P Protocol: List of Commonblocks and Programme-modules. Limitations -------------- The most important limitation is due to RAM: availability: The executable to be generated (without common-blocks and stack) can only be as large as the largest free memory-chunk after the loading of BCL. Otherwise, if one has a large common-block or stack, one can generate an executable that can't be run in the available RAM. The number of subroutines is limited to 3000, the number of common-blocks is limited to 1500. Runtimesystem -------------- The runtimesystem BCRTSY contains routines that are needed by FORTRAN77 programmes, and is always automatically linked in with every programme. BCRTSY contains: Arithmetic-routines: 32 bit INTEGER Multiplication/Division REAL Arithmetic DOUBLE PRECISION Arithmetic A personal Floating-point-format is used, which is more oriented towards speed than precision. REAL: 6 Decimal-places, 32 bit 1 bit sign, 23 bit Mantissa, 8 bit Exp. DOUBLE PRECISION: 13 Decimal-places, 6 bit 1 bit sign, 47 bit Mantissa, 16 bit Exp. A mathematics coprocessor is not supported in Vers.C. CHARACTER Routines I/O Routines Debugger: A simple Debugger to aid the search for errors. When a programme, that had been compiled with -D or -B, is executed, a debug-window is opened. After a run-time error a message is printed there and it then waits for input. The Debugger can also be activated with input in this window, to interrupt the program execution. The following keys are recognised as commands by the debugger: S Printout of the Subroutine-Call Stack With line-numbers, if the -L Option was used in the compilation. V (printout of) Variables of the current subroutine with current contents, if the -V Option was used in the compilation. Z Stop the program (quit). Spacebar Continue execution, if no run-time error ocurred. U Continue execution until change of subroutine L continue with continual display of Subroutine+Line number. P continue, with display at every 200 steps. T Continue one step (to the next label, subroutine, ELSE, ENDIF oder DO). Library ---------- MATHLIB.B contains the full mathematical functions as described in the standard mentioned above. If you get an error-message similar to: External nicht gefunden: f_SQRT [External not found: -MB] during the linking, then MATHLIB.H must be explicitly included in the call to BCL. Programme execution -------------------- A programme generated by BCL can be executed like any other from the CLI. As each programme has its own stacksize (-S option in BCL), the CLI command STACK is not needed. If the programme needs input from the keyboard ( READ(*,... ) ) one mustn't forget to reactivate the window if the debug-window was also opened. Error messages --------------- The error-messages from the Compiler, linker and runtimesystem should be, with the following exception, self-explanatory. The complete listing (26 pages in the Vers.P manual) would exceed the framework of this description. [Of course, this could be a problem for the non-German speakers, as I'm not sure whether the error messages are numeric, German, English.... I suggest posting error messages to the net, there are enough German speakers out there. Failing that, send me a mail message -MB] IO-Error: Nummer [I/O-error: number] input/output-error; can be caught by putting the IOSTAT= parameter in the IO statement. The number is the same value as is then returned into the IOSTAT variable. [Note that 'Format-element' is usually described as 'Format-descriptor' -MB] Number -1 Datafile-end. -2 Datafile-end in the middle of a record. 1 Datafile-number already used (OPEN). 2 Too many datafiles (OPEN). Max. 32 Datafiles. 3 Datafilename too long (OPEN).Max. 31 characters. 5 Datafile-number not opened. Only units 5 and 6 can be used without being OPENed. 6 Formatted/unformatted conflict. 7 REC-Parameter for Datafile with ACCESS='SEQUENTIAL' 8 BACKSPACE, REWIND, ENDFILE for this Datafile are not possible (AUX: und PRN:). 10 Internal I/O only formatted. 20 INTEGER overflow during input. 21 Dataerror during list-driven input, e.g. missing apostrophe on a character-string. 22 Unexpected datafile-end. 23 Record too long. 24 Readerror with UNFORMATTED SEQUENTIAL. 30 Format-element and I/O-List-element don't match INTEGER requires the I-Format-element, REAL, DOUBLE PRECISION (COMPLEX) one (two) F-, G-, E- or D-Format-elements, LOGICAL an L-Format-element, CHARACTER an A-Format-element. 31 Format-element L: T or F expected (input) 32 Format-element I: unexpected character (input) space,sign and numbers permitted. 33 Format-element E, F or D: unexpected character (input). space, sign, numbers, decimalpoint, E, e, D or d (for exponent) permitted. 34 Too many ( in Format. 35 Too many ) in Format. 36 numeric-sequence not in permitted place in format description. 37 Format-element not recognised. 38 . missing in F, E, G or D Format-element. 39 4Htext or 'text' in Format for READ. In FORTRAN66 one could include text in a Format in this way; no longer permitted in FORTRAN77. 40 Exponent too large for indicated format. 42 Format-element too long. Max. Length of the internal Recordbuffer (80 characters). 43 Internal I/O, Record too long. 44 TL, Record too long. If a Record is longer than the internal Recordbuffer, one can no longer tabulate to the left. 45 Fieldlength of 0 with I,L,F,E,G,D Format-element. 1000+n Amiga-Dos Error n See Amiga-Dos Handbook, Appendix A. 1202 Datafile in use. 1203 Datafile exists already. 1204 Directory not found. [I think.. -MB] 1205 Datafile not found. 1206 Invalid Window-Parameter 1209 Function is not possible on this device. 1210 Invalid Datafilename. 1212 Confusion Datafilename/Directoryname. 1213 Disk not validated. 1214 Disk write-protected. 1218 No Disk present. 1221 Disk full. 1222 Datafile delete-protected. 1223 Datafile write-protected. 1224 Datafile read-protected. 1225 Not an Amiga-Dos Disk. 1226 No disk present. 1232 No space for entry. Problems -------- If someone believes that the compiler, linker or library contains an error, please let me know in writing. Please understand that for this product (as opposed to Version P.) there is no updateservice nor telephone assistence possible.