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- Fido 304/1 N E X U S B B S 602-526-8025
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- The Sun: Flagstaff, Arizona, Sunday, April 16, 1989
- By Paul Sweitzer
- Sun Staff Reporter
-
- "Soveit Failures Could Hurt Mars Quest"
-
- AMerican scientists are carefully watching for signs of direction in the
- Soviet Union's space program after failures of two unmanned efforts to probe
- the Marian satellite Phobos.
-
- The last of two attempted Russian probes of Phobos has been lost, Soviet space
- scientists announced late last month. THe Soviets said they lost radio contact
- with Phobos 2 days before it was to land on the Martian satellite. Phobos 1 was
- lost in the summer of 1988 when a technician apparently threw a wrong switch
- and simply shut the probe down.
-
- Soviet hopes for launching a longterm exploration of Mars ther were pinned on
- Phobos 2, which bbegan experiencing malfunctions and the was completely lost
- from contact in the last week of March.
-
- On March 29, Soviet space officials announced that Phobos 2 was " 99 percent
- lost for good."
-
- Two leading space scientists based in Flagstaff are amoung the Americans
- watching with interest to see what direction the Soviet space program will
- take. Further, they'll be watching the development of a whole new set of
- political and social concerns inside the USSR.
-
- Hugh Keiffer and Laurence Soderblom of the U.S. Geological Survey's Center for
- Astrogeology in Flagstaff feel the two losses are a definite seback to Soviet
- hopes for mounting long-term Marian exploration theough the remainder of this
- century. It is exploration which would have culminated with a manned landing on
- the red planet sometime in the first decade of the 21st Century.
-
- Soderblom, who had been working with French scientists on an pexperimental
- package on the lost Phobos flight and who had a tentative invitation to put an
- experiment on a future Russian Mars flight, feels the past Soviet attitude
- toward space has been severly altered as a result of internal political
- changes.
-
- Kieffer agrees, saying in former times the Soviets merely would have stepped up
- their efforts to reach Mars in the wake of the failure. Today, he says, the
- Soviet population has more Earthbound concerns and the space program may suffer
- a setback, at least in terms of time.
-
- Alost five years ago, the Soviets began unveiling plans for an ambitious
- program of Mars exploration in private meetings with American space scientists.
- AMericans were being quietly urged to take steps to join their own country with
- that program.
-
- In a 1987 visit to FLagstaff, two leading Soviet space scientists, Alexander
- Basilevsky and Neon Armand, gave broad details of the program in an appearance
- before faculty and students in the geology department at Norhtern Arizona
- Universityu. That marker the first time the Soviets had discussed the program
- publicly, wither inside or outside their own country.
-
- The Soviet plan called for Martian flights possibly every two years and
- certainly every four years -- times when Mars would be in the facorable
- opposition to Earth -- through the end of this century. Exploration of Phobos
- -- known as "the moon of mars" -- is a critical part of that program, since the
- satellite possibly would be used as a launching platform for the final, manned
- flight to the red planet.
-
- Soderblom says there is a feeling in the American space science community the
- Russians were in too much of a hurry; the two satellites lost were launched
- without much thought to a system of checks and balances that might have
- prevented such problems.
-
- American scientists also point out that the USSR -- while having what amounts
- to tremendous success in exploration of Venus -- have had a long, frustrating
- line of failures where Mars is concerned.
-
- "I'm hopefull that the RUssians will continue with their steady, progressive
- effort in space exploration," Keiffer says. "But they have a new set of
- national concerns that may make that difficult."
-
- Soderblom agrees. He points out that recent political concerns in the Soviet
- Union -- ethnic and national identity, a new political liberalization -- may
- make the usual relentless exploration of space imppsoble for Soviet leaders.
-
- "With the new political freedom in the Soviet Union," Soderblom says, "the
- leader are liable to become more reactionary and liberal than in the past."
-
- Soderblom and Kieffer both say the new political freedom in Russia is likely to
- lead more to concentration on the quality of life on Earth rather than on the
- exploration of space.
-
- Keiffer says that because of recent agreements to exchange space information
- with the U.S., the Soviets no longer perceive Americans as copmpetitors in
- space exploration. The loss of that sense of competition, he says, could also
- cause the Soviets to delay their Mars program.
-
- Kieffer points out both America and the Soviet Union spend relatively little on
- space exploration, when compared, for example, to what is spent on defense by
- both countries. In the Soviet Union, he says, the people now might perceive the
- program as being too expensive, as do many people in the U.S.
-
- He is quick to add, however, that the space programs of both countries probably
- have more unspoken popular supprt than political leaders on both sides have
- perceived.
-
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- For the UFO Enthusiast......
-
- "From Outer Space"
- Howard Meneger
-
- Speaking of the "aliens"
-
- "They say that no man can leave his planet with the purpose of conquoring and
- controlling another world."
-
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- Fido 304/1 N E X U S B B S 602-526-8025
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