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- AUTHOR
-
- The author is cristy@dupont.com. Comments, suggestions, or bug
- reports are welcome, but be kind.
-
-
- AVAILABLILITY
-
- Anonymous FTP at export.lcs.mit.edu, file contrib/ImageMagick.tar.Z.
-
-
- UNIX COMPILATION
-
- Type:
-
- uncompress ImageMagick.tar.Z
- tar xvf ImageMagick.tar
- cd ImageMagick
- xmkmf
- make Makefiles
- make
-
- If you do not have 'xmkmf', edit 'Makefile' as required by your
- hardware environment and type 'make'.
-
- Finally type:
-
- display images/aquarium.miff
- display -monochrome -dither images/aquarium.miff
-
- If the image colors are not correct use this command:
-
- display -visual default images/aquarium.miff
-
- You can find other example images in the 'images' directory.
-
- Be sure to read the manual pages for the display, animate, montage,
- XtoPS, import, mogrify, and convert utilities.
-
- The ImageMagick utilites read and write MIFF images. Refer to the
- end of this message for more information about MIFF. Use `convert'
- to convert images to and from the MIFF format.
-
- Some ImageMagick utilities recognizes these `alien' image formats:
-
- GIF
- JPEG
- Postscript
- PPM
- RLE
- SUN Raster
- TIFF
- Utah Raster
- VICAR
- X Bitmap
- X Window Dump
-
- and for your convenience automatically converts the alien image
- format to MIFF at execution time. However, the MIFF image format has
- several advantages over most image formats (i.e. runlength encoding,
- digital signature on an image colormap, etc.). ImageMagick is
- designed to exploit these advantages. Whenever possible convert an
- alien image format to the MIFF format before using the various
- ImageMagick programs.
-
- Other alien formats are also recognized. See CONVERT(1) for a list
- of valid image formats. You can specify a particular image format by
- prefixing the image filename with the image type and a colon (i.e.
- mtv:image.mtv).
-
- ImageMagick requires GNU's Ghostscript software available via FTP as
- ftp.uu.net:systems/gnu/ghostscript-2.5.2.tar.Z to read the
- Postscript format. For ImageMagick to read Postscript files, `gs'
- must be in your execution path and the `ppmraw' device must be
- recognized. Add it to your 'DEVICE_DEVS' define in your `Makefile'
- and recompile.
-
- ImageMagick requires the Independent JPEG Group's software available via
- FTP as ftp.uu.net:graphics/jpeg/jpegsrc.v4.tar.Z to read the JPEG image
- format.
-
- ImageMagick requires Sam Leffler's TIFF software available via FTP as
- sgi.com:graphics/tiff/v3.2beta.tar.Z to read the TIFF image format.
-
- To display images in the JPEG or TIFF format, get the JPEG and TIFF
- archives and build ImageMagick as follows:
-
- cd ImageMagick
- mkdir jpeg
- cd jpeg
- zcat jpegsrc.v4.tar.Z | tar xvf -
- cp jmemnobs.c jmemsys.c
- cp makefile.unix Makefile
- make libjpeg.a
- cd ..
- mkdir tiff
- cd tiff
- zcat v3.2beta.tar.Z | tar xvf -
- cd libtiff
- cp Makefile.sun Makefile
- make
- cd ../..
- < edit Magick.tmpl and uncomment JPEG and TIFF lines as instructed >
- touch alien.c
- xmkmf
- make Makefiles
- make
-
- You can now display images in the JPEG or TIFF format.
-
- If you have a colormapped X server, the number of unique colors in an
- image must first be reduced to match the requirements of your server
- before it can be displayed. ImageMagick tries to make the color reduced
- image closely resemble the original. However, this process can be
- time consuming. To speed it up, ImageMagick trades image quality for
- processing time. For the "best" image possible, type
-
- display -colors 256 -dither image.jpeg
-
- or add this to your X resources file:
-
- display.colors: 256
-
- This example assumes your server supports 256 colors. Choose
- whatever value is appropriate for your X server. Alternatively if
- you intend to view the image frequently, reduce the number of colors
- to match the resolution of your X server once and write to a new
- image. Then display this new image. For example,
-
- convert -colors 256 -dither image.jpeg image.miff
- display image.miff
-
-
- VMS COMPILATION
-
- Type
-
- @make
- set display/create/node=node_name::
-
- where node_name is the DECNET X server to contact.
-
- Finally type:
-
- display images/aquarium.miff
- display -monochrome -dither images/aquarium.miff
-
-
- ANIMATION
-
- An example animation sequence is available from anonymous FTP at
- export.lcs.mit.edu, file contrib/ImageMagick.animation.tar.Z Or
- alternatively, you can create this sequence yourself. Just look at
- README in the scenes directory.
-
- To prevent color flashing on visuals that have colormaps, `animate'
- creates a single colormap from the image sequence. This can be
- rather time consuming. You can speed this operation up by reducing
- the colors in the image before you `animate' them. Use `mogrify' to
- color reduce the images:
-
- mogrify -colors 256 scenes/dna.[0-9]*
-
- Note, the image sequence in ImageMagick.animation.tar.Z is already
- reduced. Alternatively, you can use a Standard Colormap; or a
- static, direct, or true color visual. You can define a Standard
- Colormap with `xstdcmap'. For example, to use the "best" Standard
- Colormap, type:
-
- xstdcmap -best
- animate -map best scenes/dna.[0-9]*
-
- or to use a true color visual:
-
- animate -visual truecolor scenes/dna.[0-9]*
-
- Image filenames can appear in any order on the command line if the
- scene keyword is specified in the MIFF image. Otherwise the images
- display in the order they appear on the command line. A scene is
- specified when converting from another image format to MIFF by using
- the "scene" option with any filter. Be sure to choose a scene number
- other than zero. For example, to convert a TIFF image to a MIFF
- image as scene #2, type:
-
- convert -scene 2 image.tiff image.miff
-
-
- NOTES
-
- 1. If you get a compile error on XTextProperty in PreRvIcccm.h,
- change it to _XTextProperty. If you get a compile error on
- XVisualIDFromVisual in PreRvIcccm.c, change it to
- _XVisualIDFromVisual.
-
- 2. 24 bit images are reduced to 244 colors on an 8 bit display to
- help prevent colormap flashing. If you want all 256 colors, type
-
- display -colors 256 image.miff
-
- To further help reduce colormap flashing, do not install the
- default standard colormap (RGB_DEFAULT_MAP).
-
- 3. Machine dependancies:
-
- For MacX, set the DISPLAY variable to host:0.2 for the color
- rootless window.
-
- I suspect all the following problems will be fixed when these
- vendors upgrade to X11R4. I find conditional compilation
- statements offensive. So if you have any of the following
- problems, the fix must be applied manually.
-
- MIPS does not always generate exposure events correctly when
- displaying a monochrome image on their color server. Holes in the
- image may appear when an area is blocked then exposed. I do not
- currently have a solution for this problem.
-
- Images do not dislay correctly on the IBM R6000 visual with 4096
- colors. However they do display correctly on the visual with 256
- colors. Until IBM fixes their server, type xdpyinfo to determine
- the ID of the 256 color visual and type
-
- display -visual 0x???? image.miff
-
- On the Stardent put
-
- *installColormap: on
-
- in your X resource file.
-
- Digital and Tektronix has a bug in their servers. When converting
- from LSBFirst to MSBFirst X server (or visa-versa) you may get the
- error
-
- Illegal unit size: 8 found in routine: _normalizeimagebits
-
- 4. On occasion, a window manager (twm) may get in strange state which will
- cause the display program to work improperly. Fix this by restarting the
- window manager.
-
- 5. If the image is displayed with incorrect colors, try using a different
- visual. Type xdpyinfo and choose an alternative visual (if one exists)
- by either visual class or visual id. For example, to specifically
- choose a PseudoColor visual on a server that supports it, type
-
- display -visual pseudocolor image.miff
-
- 6. Make sure that the include file math.h defines the function atof as
- type double. Otherwise the -gamma option will not work properly.
-
-
- MIFF IMAGE FORMAT
-
- MIFF is an image format, which I developed. I like it because it
-
- 1) It is machine independant. It can be read on virtually any
- computer. No byte swapping is necessary.
-
- 2) It has a text header. Most image formats are coded in binary
- and you cannot easily tell attributes about the image. Use
- 'more' on MIFF image files and the attributes are displayed in
- text form.
-
- 3) It can handle runlength-encoded images. Although most scanned
- images do not benefit from runlength-encoding, most
- computer-generated images do. Images of mostly uniform colors
- have a high compression ratio and therefore take up less memory
- and disk space.
-
- 4) It allows a scene number to be specified. This allows you to
- specify an animation sequence out-of-order on the command line.
- The correct order is determined by the scene number of each
- image.
-
- 5) MIFF computes a digital signature for colormapped images. This
- is useful for animating a sequence of images on a colormapped X
- server. If all signatures match in the image sequence,
- computing a global colormap is not necessary.
-
- One way to get an image into MIFF format is to use `convert'. or
- read it from an X window using the 'import' program. Alternatively,
- type the necessary header information in a file with a text editor.
- Next, dump the binary bytes into another file. Finally, type
-
- cat header binary_image | display -write image.miff -
-
- For example, suppose you have a raw red, green, blue image file on
- disk that is 640 by 480. The header file would look like this:
-
- id=ImageMagick columns=640 rows=480 :
-
- The image file would have red, green, blue tuples (rgbrgbrgb...).
-
- Refer to the 'display' manual page for more details.
-
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
-
- o Dirk Wetzel <wetzel@forwiss.uni-erlangen.de> fixed the select statement
- in animate.c.
-
- o Eric Haines <erich@eye.com> fixed ReadRLEImage in alien.c. It previously
- did not check to see if the background color was present in the image.
-
-
- COPYRIGHT
-
- Copyright 1992 E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company
-
- Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this software and
- its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee,
- provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that
- both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in
- supporting documentation, and that the name of E. I. du Pont de Nemours
- & Company not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to
- distribution of the software without specific, written prior
- permission. E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company makes no representations
- about the suitability of this software for any purpose. It is provided
- "as is" without express or implied warranty.
-
- E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company disclaims all warranties with regard
- to this software, including all implied warranties of merchantability
- and fitness, in no event shall E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company be
- liable for any special, indirect or consequential damages or any
- damages whatsoever resulting from loss of use, data or profits, whether
- in an action of contract, negligence or other tortious action, arising
- out of or in connection with the use or performance of this software.
-