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- '\" $Header: /user6/ouster/tcl/man/RCS/Async.3,v 1.5 93/09/17 15:21:50 ouster Exp $ SPRITE (Berkeley)
- '\"
- .\" The definitions below are for supplemental macros used in Tcl/Tk
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- .HS Tcl_AsyncCreate tclc 7.0
- .BS
- .SH NAME
- Tcl_AsyncCreate, Tcl_AsyncMark, Tcl_AsyncInvoke, Tcl_AsyncDelete \- handle asynchronous events
- .SH SYNOPSIS
- .nf
- \fB#include <tcl.h>\fR
- .sp
- extern int \fBtcl_AsyncReady\fR;
- .sp
- Tcl_AsyncHandler
- \fBTcl_AsyncCreate\fR(\fIproc, clientData\fR)
- .sp
- \fBTcl_AsyncMark\fR(\fIasync\fR)
- .sp
- int
- \fBTcl_AsyncInvoke\fR(\fIinterp, code\fR)
- .sp
- \fBTcl_AsyncDelete\fR(\fIasync\fR)
- .SH ARGUMENTS
- .AS Tcl_AsyncHandler clientData
- .AP Tcl_AsyncProc *proc in
- Procedure to invoke to handle an asynchronous event.
- .AP ClientData clientData in
- One-word value to pass to \fIproc\fR.
- .AP Tcl_AsyncHandler async in
- Token for asynchronous event handler.
- .AP Tcl_Interp *interp in
- Tcl interpreter in which command was being evaluated when handler was
- invoked, or NULL if handler was invoked when there was no interpreter
- active.
- .AP int code in
- Completion code from command that just completed in \fIinterp\fR,
- or 0 if \fIinterp\fR is NULL.
- .BE
-
- .SH DESCRIPTION
- .PP
- These procedures provide a safe mechanism for dealing with
- asynchronous events such as signals.
- If an event such as a signal occurs while a Tcl script is being
- evaluated then it isn't safe to take any substantive action to
- process the event.
- For example, it isn't safe to evaluate a Tcl script since the
- intepreter may already be in the middle of evaluating a script;
- it may not even be safe to allocate memory, since a memory
- allocation could have been in progress when the event occurred.
- The only safe approach is to set a flag indicating that the event
- occurred, then handle the event later when the world has returned
- to a clean state, such as after the current Tcl command completes.
- .PP
- \fBTcl_AsyncCreate\fR creates an asynchronous handler and returns
- a token for it.
- The asynchronous handler must be created before
- any occurrences of the asynchronous event that it is intended
- to handle (it is not safe to create a handler at the time of
- an event).
- When an asynchronous event occurs the code that detects the event
- (such as a signal handler) should call \fBTcl_AsyncMark\fR with the
- token for the handler.
- \fBTcl_AsyncMark\fR will mark the handler as ready to execute, but it
- will not invoke the handler immediately.
- Tcl will call the \fIproc\fR associated with the handler later, when
- the world is in a safe state, and \fIproc\fR can then carry out
- the actions associated with the asynchronous event.
- \fIProc\fR should have arguments and result that match the
- type \fBTcl_AsyncProc\fR:
- .nf
- .RS
- typedef int Tcl_AsyncProc(
- .RS
- ClientData \fIclientData\fR,
- Tcl_Interp *\fIinterp\fR,
- int \fIcode\fR);
- .RE
- .RE
- .fi
- The \fIclientData\fR will be the same as the \fIclientData\fR
- argument passed to \fBTcl_AsyncCreate\fR when the handler was
- created.
- If \fIproc\fR is invoked just after a command has completed
- execution in an interpreter, then \fIinterp\fR will identify
- the interpreter in which the command was evaluated and
- \fIcode\fR will be the completion code returned by that
- command.
- The command's result will be present in \fIinterp->result\fR.
- When \fIproc\fR returns, whatever it leaves in \fIinterp->result\fR
- will be returned as the result of the command and the integer
- value returned by \fIproc\fR will be used as the new completion
- code for the command.
- .PP
- It is also possible for \fIproc\fR to be invoked when no interpreter
- is active.
- This can happen, for example, if an asynchronous event occurs while
- the application is waiting for interactive input or an X event.
- In this case \fIinterp\fR will be NULL and \fIcode\fR will be
- 0, and the return value from \fIproc\fR will be ignored.
- .PP
- The procedure \fBTcl_AsyncInvoke\fR is called to invoke all of the
- handlers that are ready.
- The global variable \fBtcl_AsyncReady\fR will be non-zero whenever any
- asynchronous handlers are ready; it can be checked to avoid calls
- to \fBTcl_AsyncInvoke\fR when there are no ready handlers.
- Tcl checks \fBtcl_AsyncReady\fR after each command is evaluated
- and calls \fBTcl_AsyncInvoke\fR if needed.
- Applications may also call \fBTcl_AsyncInvoke\fR at interesting
- times for that application.
- For example, Tk's event handler checks \fBtcl_AsyncReady\fR
- after each event and calls \fBTcl_AsyncInvoke\fR if needed.
- The \fIinterp\fR and \fIcode\fR arguments to \fBTcl_AsyncInvoke\fR
- have the same meaning as for \fIproc\fR: they identify the active
- intepreter, if any, and the completion code from the command
- that just completed.
- .PP
- \fBTcl_AsyncDelete\fR removes an asynchronous handler so that
- its \fIproc\fR will never be invoked again.
- A handler can be deleted even when ready, and it will still
- not be invoked.
- .PP
- If multiple handlers become active at the same time, the
- handlers are invoked in the order they were created (oldest
- handler first).
- The \fIcode\fR and \fIinterp->result\fR for later handlers
- reflect the values returned by earlier handlers, so that
- the most recently created handler has last say about
- the interpreter's result and completion code.
- If new handlers become ready while handlers are executing,
- \fBTcl_AsyncInvoke\fR will invoke them all; at each point it
- invokes the highest-priority (oldest) ready handler, repeating
- this over and over until there are no longer any ready handlers.
-
- .SH WARNING
- .PP
- It is almost always a bad idea for an asynchronous event
- handler to modify \fIinterp->result\fR or return a code different
- from its \fIcode\fR argument.
- This sort of behavior can disrupt the execution of scripts in
- subtle ways and result in bugs that are extremely difficult
- to track down.
- If an asynchronous event handler needs to evaluate Tcl scripts
- then it should first save \fIinterp->result\fR plus the values
- of the variables \fBerrorInfo\fR and \fBerrorCode\fR (this can
- be done, for example, by storing them in dynamic strings).
- When the asynchronous handler is finished it should restore
- \fIinterp->result\fR, \fBerrorInfo\fR, and \fBerrorCode\fR,
- and return the \fIcode\fR argument.
-
- .SH KEYWORDS
- asynchronous event, handler, signal
-