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CCCCPPPPIIIIOOOO((((1111LLLL)))) UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV CCCCPPPPIIIIOOOO((((1111LLLL)))) NNNNAAAAMMMMEEEE cpio - copy files to and from archives SSSSYYYYNNNNOOOOPPPPSSSSIIIISSSS ccccppppiiiioooo {-o|--create} [-0acvABLV] [-C bytes] [-H format] [-M message] [-O [[user@]host:]archive] [-F [[user@]host:]archive] [--file=[[user@]host:]archive] [--format=format] [--message=message] [--null] [--reset- access-time] [--verbose] [--dot] [--append] [--block- size=blocks] [--dereference] [--io-size=bytes] [--version] < name-list [> archive] ccccppppiiiioooo {-i|--extract} [-bcdfmnrtsuvBSV] [-C bytes] [-E file] [-H format] [-M message] [-R [user][:.][group]] [-I [[user@]host:]archive] [-F [[user@]host:]archive] [--file=[[user@]host:]archive] [--make-directories] [--nonmatching] [--preserve-modification-time] [--numeric- uid-gid] [--rename] [--list] [--swap-bytes] [--swap] [--dot] [--unconditional] [--verbose] [--block-size=blocks] [--swap-halfwords] [--io-size=bytes] [--pattern-file=file] [--format=format] [--owner=[user][:.][group]] [--no- preserve-owner] [--message=message] [--version] [pattern...] [< archive] ccccppppiiiioooo {-p|--pass-through} [-0adlmuvLV] [-R [user][:.][group]] [--null] [--reset-access-time] [--make-directories] [--link] [--preserve-modification-time] [--unconditional] [--verbose] [--dot] [--dereference] [--owner=[user][:.][group]] [--no- preserve-owner] [--version] destination-directory < name- list DDDDEEEESSSSCCCCRRRRIIIIPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN This manual page documents the GNU version of ccccppppiiiioooo. ccccppppiiiioooo copies files into or out of a cpio or tar archive, which is a file that contains other files plus information about them, such as their pathname, owner, timestamps, and access permissions. The archive can be another file on the disk, a magnetic tape, or a pipe. ccccppppiiiioooo has three operating modes. In copy-out mode, ccccppppiiiioooo copies files into an archive. It reads a list of filenames, one per line, on the standard input, and writes the archive onto the standard output. A typical way to generate the list of filenames is with the ffffiiiinnnndddd command; you should give ffffiiiinnnndddd the -depth option to minimize problems with permissions on directories that are unwritable or not searchable. In copy-in mode, ccccppppiiiioooo copies files out of an archive or lists the archive contents. It reads the archive from the standard input. Any non-option command line arguments are shell globbing patterns; only files in the archive whose names match one or more of those patterns are copied from Page 1 (printed 3/9/94) CCCCPPPPIIIIOOOO((((1111LLLL)))) UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV CCCCPPPPIIIIOOOO((((1111LLLL)))) the archive. Unlike in the shell, an initial `.' in a filename does match a wildcard at the start of a pattern, and a `/' in a filename can match wildcards. If no patterns are given, all files are extracted. In copy-pass mode, ccccppppiiiioooo copies files from one directory tree to another, combining the copy-out and copy-in steps without actually using an archive. It reads the list of files to copy from the standard input; the directory into which it will copy them is given as a non-option argument. ccccppppiiiioooo supports the following archive formats: binary, old ASCII, new ASCII, crc, old tar, and POSIX.1 tar. The binary format is obsolete because it encodes information about the files in a way that is not portable between different machine architectures. The old ASCII format is portable between different machine architectures, but should not be used on file systems with more than 65536 i-nodes. The new ASCII format is portable between different machine architectures and can be used on any size file system, but is not supported by all versions of ccccppppiiiioooo; currently, it is only supported by GNU and Unix System V R4. The crc format is like the new ASCII format, but also contains a checksum for each file which ccccppppiiiioooo calculates when creating an archive and verifies when the file is extracted from the archive. The tar format is provided for compatability with the ttttaaaarrrr program. It can not be used to archive files with names longer than 100 characters, and can not be used to archive "special" (block or character devices) files. The POSIX.1 tar format can not be used to archive files with names longer than 255 characters (less unless they have a "/" in just the right place). By default, ccccppppiiiioooo creates binary format archives, for compatibility with older ccccppppiiiioooo programs. When extracting from archives, ccccppppiiiioooo automatically recognizes which kind of archive it is reading and can read archives created on machines with a different byte-order. Some of the options to ccccppppiiiioooo apply only to certain operating modes; see the SYNOPSIS section for a list of which options are allowed in which modes. OOOOPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNNSSSS -_0, --_n_u_l_l In copy-out and copy-pass modes, read a list of filenames terminated by a null character instead of a newline, so that files whose names contain newlines can be archived. GNU ffffiiiinnnndddd is one way to produce a list of null-terminated filenames. Page 2 (printed 3/9/94) CCCCPPPPIIIIOOOO((((1111LLLL)))) UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV CCCCPPPPIIIIOOOO((((1111LLLL)))) -_a, --_r_e_s_e_t-_a_c_c_e_s_s-_t_i_m_e Reset the access times of files after reading them, so that it does not look like they have just been read. -_A, --_a_p_p_e_n_d Append to an existing archive. Only works in copy-out mode. The archive must be a disk file specified with the -_O or -_F (--_f_i_l_e) option. -_b, --_s_w_a_p In copy-in mode, swap both halfwords of words and bytes of halfwords in the data. Equivalent to -_s_S. Use this option to convert 32-bit integers between big-endian and little-endian machines. -_B Set the I/O block size to 5120 bytes. Initially the block size is 512 bytes. --_b_l_o_c_k-_s_i_z_e=_B_L_O_C_K-_S_I_Z_E Set the I/O block size to BLOCK-SIZE * 512 bytes. -_c Use the old portable (ASCII) archive format. -_C _I_O-_S_I_Z_E, --_i_o-_s_i_z_e=_I_O-_S_I_Z_E Set the I/O block size to IO-SIZE bytes. -_d, --_m_a_k_e-_d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_i_e_s Create leading directories where needed. -_E _F_I_L_E, --_p_a_t_t_e_r_n-_f_i_l_e=_F_I_L_E In copy-in mode, read additional patterns specifying filenames to extract or list from FILE. The lines of FILE are treated as if they had been non-option arguments to ccccppppiiiioooo. -_f, --_n_o_n_m_a_t_c_h_i_n_g Only copy files that do not match any of the given patterns. -_F, --_f_i_l_e=_a_r_c_h_i_v_e Archive filename to use instead of standard input or output. To use a tape drive on another machine as the archive, use a filename that starts with `HOSTNAME:'. The hostname can be preceded by a username and an `@' to access the remote tape drive as that user, if you have permission to do so (typically an entry in that user's `~/.rhosts' file). --_f_o_r_c_e-_l_o_c_a_l With -_F, -_I, or -_O, take the archive file name to be a local file even if it contains a colon, which would ordinarily indicate a remote host name. Page 3 (printed 3/9/94) CCCCPPPPIIIIOOOO((((1111LLLL)))) UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV CCCCPPPPIIIIOOOO((((1111LLLL)))) -_H _F_O_R_M_A_T, --_f_o_r_m_a_t=_F_O_R_M_A_T Use archive format FORMAT. The valid formats are listed below; the same names are also recognized in all-caps. The default in copy-in mode is to automatically detect the archive format, and in copy- out mode is "bin". bin The obsolete binary format. odc The old (POSIX.1) portable format. newc The new (SVR4) portable format, which supports file systems having more than 65536 i-nodes. crc The new (SVR4) portable format with a checksum added. tar The old tar format. ustar The POSIX.1 tar format. Also recognizes GNU ttttaaaarrrr archives, which are similar but not identical. -_i, --_e_x_t_r_a_c_t Run in copy-in mode. -_I _a_r_c_h_i_v_e Archive filename to use instead of standard input. To use a tape drive on another machine as the archive, use a filename that starts with `HOSTNAME:'. The hostname can be preceded by a username and an `@' to access the remote tape drive as that user, if you have permission to do so (typically an entry in that user's `~/.rhosts' file). -_k Ignored; for compatibility with other versions of ccccppppiiiioooo. -_l, --_l_i_n_k Link files instead of copying them, when possible. -_L, --_d_e_r_e_f_e_r_e_n_c_e Dereference symbolic links (copy the files that they point to instead of copying the links). -_m, --_p_r_e_s_e_r_v_e-_m_o_d_i_f_i_c_a_t_i_o_n-_t_i_m_e Retain previous file modification times when creating files. -_M _M_E_S_S_A_G_E, --_m_e_s_s_a_g_e=_M_E_S_S_A_G_E Print MESSAGE when the end of a volume of the backup media (such as a tape or a floppy disk) is reached, to prompt the user to insert a new volume. If MESSAGE Page 4 (printed 3/9/94) CCCCPPPPIIIIOOOO((((1111LLLL)))) UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV CCCCPPPPIIIIOOOO((((1111LLLL)))) contains the string "%d", it is replaced by the current volume number (starting at 1). -_n, --_n_u_m_e_r_i_c-_u_i_d-_g_i_d In the verbose table of contents listing, show numeric UID and GID instead of translating them into names. --_n_o-_p_r_e_s_e_r_v_e-_o_w_n_e_r In copy-in mode and copy-pass mode, do not change the ownership of the files; leave them owned by the user extracting them. This is the default for non-root users, so that users on System V don't inadvertantly give away files. -_o, --_c_r_e_a_t_e Run in copy-out mode. -_O _a_r_c_h_i_v_e Archive filename to use instead of standard output. To use a tape drive on another machine as the archive, use a filename that starts with `HOSTNAME:'. The hostname can be preceded by a username and an `@' to access the remote tape drive as that user, if you have permission to do so (typically an entry in that user's `~/.rhosts' file). -_p, --_p_a_s_s-_t_h_r_o_u_g_h Run in copy-pass mode. -_r, --_r_e_n_a_m_e Interactively rename files. -_R [_u_s_e_r][:.][_g_r_o_u_p], --_o_w_n_e_r [_u_s_e_r][:.][_g_r_o_u_p] In copy-out and copy-pass modes, set the ownership of all files created to the specified user and/or group. Either the user or the group, or both, must be present. If the group is omitted but the ":" or "." separator is given, use the given user's login group. Only the super-user can change files' ownership. -_s, --_s_w_a_p-_b_y_t_e_s In copy-in mode, swap the bytes of each halfword (pair of bytes) in the files. -_S, --_s_w_a_p-_h_a_l_f_w_o_r_d_s In copy-in mode, swap the halfwords of each word (4 bytes) in the files. -_t, --_l_i_s_t Print a table of contents of the input. -_u, --_u_n_c_o_n_d_i_t_i_o_n_a_l Page 5 (printed 3/9/94) CCCCPPPPIIIIOOOO((((1111LLLL)))) UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV CCCCPPPPIIIIOOOO((((1111LLLL)))) Replace all files, without asking whether to replace existing newer files with older files. -_v, --_v_e_r_b_o_s_e List the files processed, or with -_t, give an `ls -l' style table of contents listing. In a verbose table of contents of a ustar archive, user and group names in the archive that do not exist on the local system are replaced by the names that correspond locally to the numeric UID and GID stored in the archive. -_V --_d_o_t Print a "." for each file processed. --_v_e_r_s_i_o_n Print the ccccppppiiiioooo program version number and exit. The long-named options can be introduced with `+' as well as `--', for compatibility with previous releases. Eventually support for `+' will be removed, because it is incompatible with the POSIX.2 standard. Page 6 (printed 3/9/94)