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aaaarrrr((((1111)))) ccccyyyyggggnnnnuuuussss ssssuuuuppppppppoooorrrrtttt ((((5555 NNNNoooovvvveeeemmmmbbbbeeeerrrr 1111999999991111)))) aaaarrrr((((1111)))) NNNNAAAAMMMMEEEE ar - create, modify, and extract from archives. SSSSYYYYNNNNOOOOPPPPSSSSIIIISSSS aaaarrrr [----]{_d_m_p_q_r_t_x}[_a_b_c_i_l_o_s_u_v_V] [_m_e_m_b_e_r_n_a_m_e] _a_r_c_h_i_v_e _f_i_l_e_s... DDDDEEEESSSSCCCCRRRRIIIIPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN The GNU aaaarrrr program creates, modifies, and extracts from ar- chives. An _a_r_c_h_i_v_e is a single file holding a collection of other files in a structure that makes it possible to re- trieve the original individual files (called _m_e_m_b_e_r_s of the archive). The original files' contents, mode (permissions), timestamp, owner, and group are preserved in the archive, and may be reconstituted on extraction. GNU aaaarrrr can maintain archives whose members have names of any length; however, depending on how aaaarrrr is configured on your system, a limit on member-name length may be imposed (for compatibility with archive formats maintained with other tools). If it exists, the limit is often 15 characters (typical of formats related to a.out) or 16 characters (typ- ical of formats related to coff). aaaarrrr is considered a binary utility because archives of this sort are most often used as _l_i_b_r_a_r_i_e_s holding commonly need- ed subroutines. aaaarrrr will create an index to the symbols defined in relocat- able object modules in the archive when you specify the modifier `ssss'. Once created, this index is updated in the archive whenever aaaarrrr makes a change to its contents (save for the `qqqq' update operation). An archive with such an index speeds up linking to the library, and allows routines in the library to call each other without regard to their placement in the archive. You may use `nnnnmmmm ----ssss' or `nnnnmmmm --------pppprrrriiiinnnntttt----aaaarrrrmmmmaaaapppp' to list this index table. If an archive lacks the table, another form of aaaarrrr called rrrraaaannnnlllliiiibbbb can be used to add just the table. aaaarrrr insists on at least two arguments to execute: one keyletter specifying the _o_p_e_r_a_t_i_o_n (optionally accompanied by other keyletters specifying _m_o_d_i_f_i_e_r_s), and the archive name to act on. Most operations can also accept further _f_i_l_e_s arguments, specifying particular files to operate on. Page 1 (printed 7/12/95) aaaarrrr((((1111)))) ccccyyyyggggnnnnuuuussss ssssuuuuppppppppoooorrrrtttt ((((5555 NNNNoooovvvveeeemmmmbbbbeeeerrrr 1111999999991111)))) aaaarrrr((((1111)))) OOOOPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNNSSSS GNU aaaarrrr allows you to mix the operation code _p and modifier flags _m_o_d in any order, within the first command-line argu- ment. If you wish, you may begin the first command-line argument with a dash. The _p keyletter specifies what operation to execute; it may be any of the following, but you must specify only one of them: dddd _D_e_l_e_t_e modules from the archive. Specify the names of modules to be deleted as _f_i_l_e_s; the archive is un- touched if you specify no files to delete. If you specify the `vvvv' modifier, aaaarrrr will list each module as it is deleted. mmmm Use this operation to _m_o_v_e members in an archive. The ordering of members in an archive can make a difference in how programs are linked using the li- brary, if a symbol is defined in more than one member. If no modifiers are used with mmmm, any members you name in the _f_i_l_e_s arguments are moved to the _e_n_d of the ar- chive; you can use the `aaaa', `bbbb', or `iiii' modifiers to move them to a specified place instead. pppp _P_r_i_n_t the specified members of the archive, to the standard output file. If the `vvvv' modifier is speci- fied, show the member name before copying its contents to standard output. If you specify no _f_i_l_e_s, all the files in the archive are printed. qqqq _Q_u_i_c_k _a_p_p_e_n_d; add _f_i_l_e_s to the end of _a_r_c_h_i_v_e, without checking for replacement. The modifiers `aaaa', `bbbb', and `iiii' do _n_o_t affect this operation; new members are always placed at the end of the archive. The modifier `vvvv' makes aaaarrrr list each file as it is ap- pended. Page 2 (printed 7/12/95) aaaarrrr((((1111)))) ccccyyyyggggnnnnuuuussss ssssuuuuppppppppoooorrrrtttt ((((5555 NNNNoooovvvveeeemmmmbbbbeeeerrrr 1111999999991111)))) aaaarrrr((((1111)))) Since the point of this operation is speed, the archive's symbol table index is not updated, even if it already existed; you can use `aaaarrrr ssss' or rrrraaaannnnlllliiiibbbb explicit- ly to update the symbol table index. rrrr Insert _f_i_l_e_s into _a_r_c_h_i_v_e (with _r_e_p_l_a_c_e_m_e_n_t). This operation differs from `qqqq' in that any previously ex- isting members are deleted if their names match those being added. If one of the files named in _f_i_l_e_s doesn't exist, aaaarrrr displays an error message, and leaves undisturbed any existing members of the archive matching that name. By default, new members are added at the end of the file; but you may use one of the modifiers `aaaa', `bbbb', or `iiii' to request placement relative to some existing member. The modifier `vvvv' used with this operation elicits a line of output for each file inserted, along with one of the letters `aaaa' or `rrrr' to indicate whether the file was appended (no old member deleted) or replaced. tttt Display a _t_a_b_l_e listing the contents of _a_r_c_h_i_v_e, or those of the files listed in _f_i_l_e_s that are present in the archive. Normally only the member name is shown; if you also want to see the modes (permissions), times- tamp, owner, group, and size, you can request that by also specifying the `vvvv' modifier. If you do not specify any _f_i_l_e_s, all files in the ar- chive are listed. If there is more than one file with the same name (say, `ffffiiiieeee') in an archive (say `bbbb....aaaa'), `aaaarrrr tttt bbbb....aaaa ffffiiiieeee' will list only the first instance; to see them all, you must ask for a complete listing-in our example, `aaaarrrr tttt bbbb....aaaa'. xxxx _E_x_t_r_a_c_t members (named _f_i_l_e_s) from the archive. You can use the `vvvv' modifier with this operation, to re- quest that aaaarrrr list each name as it extracts it. If you do not specify any _f_i_l_e_s, all files in the ar- chive are extracted. A number of modifiers (_m_o_d) may immediately follow the _p keyletter, to specify variations on an operation's behavior: Page 3 (printed 7/12/95) aaaarrrr((((1111)))) ccccyyyyggggnnnnuuuussss ssssuuuuppppppppoooorrrrtttt ((((5555 NNNNoooovvvveeeemmmmbbbbeeeerrrr 1111999999991111)))) aaaarrrr((((1111)))) aaaa Add new files _a_f_t_e_r an existing member of the archive. If you use the modifier aaaa, the name of an existing ar- chive member must be present as the _m_e_m_b_e_r_n_a_m_e argu- ment, before the _a_r_c_h_i_v_e specification. bbbb Add new files _b_e_f_o_r_e an existing member of the archive. If you use the modifier bbbb, the name of an existing ar- chive member must be present as the _m_e_m_b_e_r_n_a_m_e argu- ment, before the _a_r_c_h_i_v_e specification. (same as `iiii'). cccc _C_r_e_a_t_e the archive. The specified _a_r_c_h_i_v_e is always created if it didn't exist, when you request an update. But a warning is issued unless you specify in advance that you expect to create it, by using this modifier. iiii Insert new files _b_e_f_o_r_e an existing member of the ar- chive. If you use the modifier iiii, the name of an ex- isting archive member must be present as the _m_e_m_b_e_r_n_a_m_e argument, before the _a_r_c_h_i_v_e specification. (same as `bbbb'). llll This modifier is accepted but not used. oooo Preserve the _o_r_i_g_i_n_a_l dates of members when extracting them. If you do not specify this modifier, files ex- tracted from the archive will be stamped with the time of extraction. ssss Write an object-file index into the archive, or update an existing one, even if no other change is made to the archive. You may use this modifier flag either with any operation, or alone. Running `aaaarrrr ssss' on an archive is equivalent to running `rrrraaaannnnlllliiiibbbb' on it. uuuu Normally, aaaarrrr rrrr... inserts all files listed into the ar- chive. If you would like to insert _o_n_l_y those of the files you list that are newer than existing members of the same names, use this modifier. The `uuuu' modifier is allowed only for the operation `rrrr' (replace). In par- ticular, the combination `qqqquuuu' is not allowed, since checking the timestamps would lose any speed advantage from the operation `qqqq'. vvvv This modifier requests the _v_e_r_b_o_s_e version of an opera- Page 4 (printed 7/12/95) aaaarrrr((((1111)))) ccccyyyyggggnnnnuuuussss ssssuuuuppppppppoooorrrrtttt ((((5555 NNNNoooovvvveeeemmmmbbbbeeeerrrr 1111999999991111)))) aaaarrrr((((1111)))) tion. Many operations display additional information, such as filenames processed, when the modifier `vvvv' is ap- pended. VVVV This modifier shows the version number of aaaarrrr. SSSSEEEEEEEE AAAALLLLSSSSOOOO `bbbbiiiinnnnuuuuttttiiiillllssss' entry in iiiinnnnffffoooo; _T_h_e _G_N_U _B_i_n_a_r_y _U_t_i_l_i_t_i_e_s, Roland H. Pesch (October 1991). nnnnmmmm(1111), rrrraaaannnnlllliiiibbbb((((1)))). CCCCOOOOPPPPYYYYIIIINNNNGGGG Copyright (c) 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this per- mission notice are preserved on all copies. Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified ver- sions of this manual under the conditions for verbatim copy- ing, provided that the entire resulting derived work is dis- tributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one. Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual into another language, under the above condi- tions for modified versions, except that this permission no- tice may be included in translations approved by the Free Software Foundation instead of in the original English. Page 5 (printed 7/12/95)