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-
- package PHYSICAL_CONVERSION_CONSTANT is
-
- -- short names for constants used to derive other constants
- C : constant := 2.997925E8 ;
- PI : constant := 3.14159 ;
-
- --
- -- length
- --
- FOOT_TO_METER : constant := 0.3048 ; -- exact
- METER_TO_FOOT : constant := 1.0 / FOOT_TO_METER ;
- FOOT_TO_MIL : constant := 12.0 * 1000.0 ;
- FOOT_TO_INCH : constant := 12.0 ;
- FOOT_TO_YARD : constant := 1.0 / 3.0 ;
- FOOT_TO_FATHOM : constant := 1.0 / 6.0 ;
- FOOT_TO_CABLES_LENGTH : constant := FOOT_TO_FATHOM / 100.0 ;
- FOOT_TO_CABLES_LENGTH_U_S_NAVY : constant := FOOT_TO_FATHOM / 120.0 ;
- FOOT_TO_ROD : constant := 1.0 / 16.5 ; -- also POLE or PERCH
- FOOT_TO_LINK_SURVEYOR : constant := 100.0 / 66.0 ; -- 1/100 chain
- FOOT_TO_CHAIN_SURVEYOR : constant := 1.0 / 66.0 ; -- or Gunter's 1/80 mile
- FOOT_TO_LINK_ENGINEER : constant := 1.0 ;
- FOOT_TO_CHAIN_ENGINEER : constant := 1.0 / 100.0 ;
- FOOT_TO_FURLONG : constant := 1.0 / 660.0 ; -- 40 rods or 1/8 mile
- FOOT_TO_MILE_STATUTE : constant := 1.0 / 5280 ;
- FOOT_TO_MILE_NAUTICAL : constant := 1.0 / 6000.0 ; -- 10 CABLES_LENGTH
-
- -- length of a minute of longitude at the equator
- -- exactly 1.852 kilometers
- FOOT_TO_MILE_NAUTICAL_INTERNATIONAL : constant := 1.0 / 6076.11549 ;
- FOOT_TO_LEAGUE_LAND : constant := FOOT_TO_MILE_STATUTE / 3.0 ;
- FOOT_TO_LEAGUE_MARINE : constant := FOOT_TO_MILE_NAUTICAL / 3.0 ;
- FOOT_TO_LIGHT_YEAR : constant := 1.0 / 3.103647E16 ;
- MILE_TO_FOOT : constant := 5_280.0 ;
- METER_TO_PICOMETER : constant := 1.0E12 ;
- METER_TO_ANGSTROM : constant := 1.0E10 ;
- METER_TO_NANOMETER : constant := 1.0E9 ;
- METER_TO_MICROMETER : constant := 1.0E6 ;
- METER_TO_MILLIMETER : constant := 1000.0 ;
- METER_TO_CENTIMETER : constant := 100.0 ;
- METER_TO_DECIMETER : constant := 10.0 ;
- METER_TO_DECAMETER : constant := 0.1 ;
- METER_TO_HECTOMETER : constant := 0.01 ;
- METER_TO_KILOMETER : constant := 0.001 ;
- METER_TO_MYRIAMETER : constant := 0.0001 ;
- METER_TO_MEGAMETER : constant := 1.0E-6 ;
- METER_TO_GIGAMETER : constant := 1.0E-9 ;
-
- --
- -- mass
- --
- KILOGRAM_TO_POUND : constant := 2.204622341 ; -- avdp Avoirdupois
- KILOGRAM_TO_GRAIN : constant := 1.0 / 0.0648E-3 ; -- all systems
- KILOGRAM_TO_CARAT : constant := 5000.0 ; -- exact
- POUND_TO_KILOGRAM : constant := 1.0 / KILOGRAM_TO_POUND ;
- POUND_TO_POUND_TROY : constant := 7000.0 / 5760.0 ; -- Troy or Apothecary
- POUND_TO_HUNDREDWEIGHT : constant := 0.01 ; -- avdp
- POUND_TO_STONE : constant := 112.0 ;
- POUND_TO_TON_SHORT : constant := 1.0 / 2000.0 ; -- avdp
- POUND_TO_TON_LONG : constant := 1.0 / 2240.0 ; -- avdp
- DRAM_TO_GRAM : constant := 1.772 ;
- POUND_TO_OUNCE : constant := 16.0 ; -- avdp
- POUND_TO_DRAM : constant := 256.0 ; -- avdp , ounce is 16 drams
- POUND_TO_GRAIN : constant := 7000.0 ; -- avdp
- POUND_TROY_TO_GRAIN : constant := 5700.0 ; -- CHECK. A GRAIN IS A GRAIN
- POUND_TROY_TO_PENNYWEIGHT : constant := 240.0 ; -- troy
- POUND_TROY_TO_CARAT : constant := 5760.0 / 3.086 ; -- troy (exact metric)
- POUND_TROY_TO_OUNCE_TROY : constant := 12.0 ;
- POUND_TROY_TO_DRAM : constant := 8.0 * 16.0 ; -- apoth
- POUND_TROY_TO_SCRUPLE : constant := 24.0 * 12.0 ; -- apoth
- KILOGRAM_TO_MILLIGRAM : constant := 1.0E6 ;
- KILOGRAM_TO_GRAM : constant := 1000.0 ;
- KILOGRAM_TO_TON_METRIC : constant := 0.001 ;
-
- --
- -- time
- --
- SECOND_TO_PICOSECOND : constant := 1.0E12 ;
- SECOND_TO_NANOSECOND : constant := 1.0E9 ;
- SECOND_TO_MICROSECOND : constant := 1.0E6 ;
- SECOND_TO_MILLISECOND : constant := 1000.0 ;
- SECOND_TO_CENTISECOND : constant := 100.0 ;
- SECOND_TO_KILOSECOND : constant := 1.0E-3 ;
- SECOND_TO_MEGASECOND : constant := 1.0E-6 ;
- SECOND_TO_GIGASECOND : constant := 1.0E-9 ;
- SECOND_TO_MINUTE : constant := 1.0 / 60.0 ;
- SECOND_TO_HOUR : constant := SECOND_TO_MINUTE / 60.0 ;
- SECOND_TO_DAY : constant := SECOND_TO_HOUR / 24.0 ;
- SECOND_TO_FORTNIGHT : constant := SECOND_TO_DAY / 14.0 ;
- SECOND_TO_YEAR : constant := SECOND_TO_DAY / 365.241 ;
- SECOND_TO_MONTH : constant := SECOND_TO_YEAR * 12.0 ;
- SECOND_TO_DECADE : constant := SECOND_TO_YEAR / 10.0 ;
- SECOND_TO_CENTURY : constant := SECOND_TO_YEAR / 100.0 ;
- SECOND_TO_MILLENNIA : constant := SECOND_TO_YEAR / 1000.0 ;
-
- --
- -- electric charge, electric flux
- --
- COULOMB_TO_AMPERE_SECOND : constant := 1.0 ; -- definition
- COULOMB_TO_ABCOULOMB : constant := 0.1 ; -- cgs emu
- COULOMB_TO_STSTCOULOMB : constant := 10.0 * C ; -- cgs esu
- AMPERE_SECOND_TO_AMPERE_HOURS : constant := 1.0 / 3600.0 ;
- AMPERE_SECOND_TO_ELECTRON : constant := 1.0 / 1.60193E-19 ;
- AMPERE_SECOND_TO_FARADAY : constant := 1.0365E-5 ;
-
- --
- -- luminous intensity, the flux emitted by 1 candel is 4 Pi lumens
- --
- CANDLE_TO_CANDEL : constant := 1.0 ; -- see LUX, LUMEN, PHOT
-
- --
- -- temperature ( built into equations )
- --
- CENTIGRADE_TO_CELSIOUS : constant := 1.0 ;
-
- --
- -- angle
- --
- DEGREE_TO_RADIAN : constant := 0.0174533 ;
- RADIAN_TO_DEGREE : constant := 57.295780 ;
- RADIAN_TO_MINUTE : constant := RADIAN_TO_DEGREE * 60.0 ;
- RADIAN_TO_SECOND : constant := RADIAN_TO_MINUTE * 60.0 ;
- RADIAN_TO_REVOLUTION : constant := 1.0 / ( 2.0 * PI ) ;
- RADIAN_TO_BAM : constant := 1.0 / PI ;
-
- --
- -- solid angle
- --
- STERADIAN_TO_AREA_OF_SPHERE : constant := 1.0 / ( 4.0 * PI ) ;
-
- --
- -- area
- --
- SQUARE_METER_TO_SQUARE_FOOT : constant := METER_TO_FOOT * METER_TO_FOOT ;
- SQUARE_FOOT_TO_SQUARE_METER : constant := FOOT_TO_METER * FOOT_TO_METER ;
-
- --
- -- volume
- --
- CUBIC_METER_TO_CUBIC_FOOT : constant := SQUARE_METER_TO_SQUARE_FOOT *
- METER_TO_FOOT ;
- CUBIC_FOOT_TO_CUBIC_METER : constant := SQUARE_FOOT_TO_SQUARE_METER *
- FOOT_TO_METER ;
-
- --
- -- velocity
- --
- METER_PER_SECOND_TO_FOOT_PER_SECOND : constant := METER_TO_FOOT ;
-
- --
- -- angular velocity
- --
- RADIAN_PER_SECOND_TO_DEGREE_PER_SECOND : constant := RADIAN_TO_DEGREE ;
-
- --
- -- acceleration
- --
- METER_PER_SECOND_SQUARED_TO_FOOT_PER_SECOND_SQUARED : constant :=
- METER_TO_FOOT ;
-
- --
- -- angular acceleration
- --
- RADIAN_PER_SECOND_SQUARED_TO_DEGREE_PER_SECOND_SQUARED : constant :=
- RADIAN_TO_DEGREE ;
-
- --
- -- force
- --
- POUNDS_TO_POUNDALS : constant := 32.1725 ;
- NEWTON_TO_DYNE : constant := 1.0E5 ; -- cgs
- NEWTON_TO_POUND : constant := KILOGRAM_TO_POUND * METER_TO_FOOT ;
- NEWTON_TO_POUNDAL : constant := 7.23300 ;
-
- --
- -- energy, work, heat, torque ( moment )
- --
- JOULE_TO_ERG : constant := 1.0E7 ; -- cgs
-
- --
- -- power
- --
- WATT_TO_ERG_PER_SECOND : constant := 1.0E7 ; -- cgs
-
- --
- -- density
- --
- KILOGRAM_PER_CUBIC_METER_TO_POUND_PER_CUBIC_FOOT : constant :=
- KILOGRAM_TO_POUND / CUBIC_METER_TO_CUBIC_FOOT ;
-
- --
- -- flow rate
- --
- CUBIC_METER_PER_SECOND_TO_CUBIC_FOOT_PER_SECOND : constant :=
- CUBIC_METER_TO_CUBIC_FOOT ;
-
- --
- -- pressure, stress, energy density
- --
- PASCAL_TO_NEWTON_PER_SQUARE_METER : constant := 1.0 ;
- PASCAL_TO_POUND_PER_SQUARE_FOOT : constant := NEWTON_TO_POUND /
- SQUARE_METER_TO_SQUARE_FOOT ;
-
- --
- -- momentum
- --
- NEWTON_SECOND_TO_POUND_SECOND : constant := NEWTON_TO_POUND ;
-
- --
- -- inertia
- --
- JOULE_SECOND_TO_POUND_SQUARE_FOOT_PER_SECOND : constant := KILOGRAM_TO_POUND
- * SQUARE_METER_TO_SQUARE_FOOT ;
-
- --
- -- moment of inertia
- --
- KILOGRAM_SQUARE_METER_TO_POUND_SQUARE_FOOT : constant := KILOGRAM_TO_POUND *
- SQUARE_METER_TO_SQUARE_FOOT ;
-
- --
- -- kinematic viscosity
- --
- KILOGRAM_SQUARED_PER_SECOND_TO_POUND_SQUARED_PER_SECOND : constant :=
- KILOGRAM_TO_POUND * KILOGRAM_TO_POUND ;
-
- --
- -- viscosity, dynamic viscosity
- --
- KILOGRAM_PER_METER_SECOND_TO_POUND_PER_FOOT_SECOND : constant :=
- KILOGRAM_TO_POUND / METER_TO_FOOT ;
-
- --
- -- luminous flux
- --
- LUMEN_TO_LUMEN : constant := 1.0 ;
-
- --
- -- illumination
- --
- LUMEN_PER_SQUARE_METER_TO_LUX : constant := 1.0 ; -- metre candle
- LUMEN_PER_SQUARE_METER_TO_FOOT_CANDLE : constant := 10.76 ; -- lumen/ sq ft
- LUMEN_PER_SQUARE_METER_TO_PHOT : constant := 1.0E4 ; -- cm candle
-
- --
- -- luminance
- --
- CANDEL_PER_SQUARE_METER_TO_LUX : constant := 1.0 ;
-
- --
- -- entropy
- --
- JOULE_PER_DEGREE_KELVIN_TO_B_T_U_PER_POUND_DEGREE_FARENHEIT : constant :=
- 999999999.99999999999 ; -- ?
-
- --
- -- electric current, magnetomotive force, I
- --
- AMPERE_TO_ABAMPERE : constant := 0.1 ; -- cgs emu
- AMPERE_TO_STATAMPERE : constant := 10.0 * C ; -- cgs esu
- AMPERE_TO_GILBERT : constant := 4.0 * PI / 10.0 ;
- AMPERE_TO_AMPERE_TURN : constant := 1.0 ;
-
- --
- -- voltage, potential difference, electromotive force ( emf ), E
- --
- VOLT_TO_ABVOLT : constant := 1.0E8 ; -- cgs emu
- VOLT_TO_STSTVOLT : constant := 1.0E6 * C ;
-
- --
- -- electric resistance, R
- --
- OHM_TO_ABOHM : constant := 1.0E9 ; -- cgs emu
- OHM_TO_STATOHM : constant := 1.0E5 * C * C ; -- cgs esu
-
- --
- -- electric resistivity
- --
- OHM_METER_TO_ABOHM_CENTIMETER : constant := 1.0E11 ;
-
- --
- -- electric conductance, G
- --
- MHO_TO_ABMHO : constant := 1.0E-9 ; -- cgs emu
-
- --
- -- electric conductivity
- --
- MHO_PER_METER_TO_ABMHO_PER_CENTIMETER : constant := 1.0E-11 ; -- cgs emu
-
- --
- -- capacitance, C
- --
- FARAD_TO_ABFARAD : constant := 1.0E-9 ; -- cgs emu
- FARAD_TO_STATFARAD : constant := 1.0E-5 * C * C ; -- cgs esu
- FARAD_TO_MICROFARAD : constant := 1.0E6 ;
- FARAD_TO_PICOFARAD : constant := 1.0E12 ;
-
- --
- -- inductance, L
- --
- HENRY_TO_ABHENRY : constant := 1.0E9 ; -- cgs emu
- HENRY_TO_STATHENRY : constant := 1.0E5 / ( C * C ) ; -- cgs esu
- HENRY_TO_MILLIHENRY : constant := 1000.0 ;
- HENRY_TO_MICROHENRY : constant := 1.0E6 ;
-
- --
- -- current density, J
- --
- AMPERE_PER_SQUARE_METER : constant := 1.0 ;
-
- --
- -- charge density
- --
- COULOMB_PER_CUBIC_METER : constant := 1.0 ;
-
- --
- -- magnetic flux, magnetic pole
- --
- WEBER_TO_MAXWELL : constant := 1.0E8 ; -- cgs
- WEBER_TO_VOLT_SECOND : constant := 1.0 ;
- WEBER_TO_POLE : constant := 1.0E8 / ( 4.0 * PI ) ; -- cgs
-
- --
- -- magnetic flux density, magnetic induction, B
- --
- TESLA_TO_WEBER_PER_SQUARE_METER : constant := 1.0 ;
- TESLA_TO_GAUSS : constant := 1.0E4 ; -- cgs
-
- --
- -- magnetic intensity, magnetic field strength, H
- --
- AMPERE_PER_METER_TO_OERSTED : constant := 0.01 * 4.0 * PI ;
- AMPERE_PER_METER_TO_NEWTON_PER_WEBER : constant := 1.0 ;
-
- --
- -- magnetic vector potential, A
- --
- WEBER_PER_METER : constant := 1.0 ;
-
- --
- -- electric fiels strength, electric field intensity, E
- --
- VOLT_PER_METER_TO_NEWTON_PER_COULOMB : constant := 1.0 ;
-
- --
- -- electric displacement, D
- --
- ELECTRIC_DISPLACEMENT_TO_COULOMB_PER_SQUARE_METER : constant := 1.0 ;
-
- --
- -- permeability
- --
- PERMEABILITY_TO_HENRY_PER_METER : constant := 1.0 ;
-
- --
- -- permittivity, dielectric constant
- --
- PERMITTIVITY_TO_FARAD_PER_METER : constant := 1.0 ;
-
- --
- -- frequency
- --
- HERTZ_TO_KILOHERTZ : constant := 1.0E-3 ;
- HERTZ_TO_MEGAHERTZ : constant := 1.0E-6 ;
- HERTZ_TO_GIGAHERTZ : constant := 1.0E-9 ;
- HERTZ_TO_RADIAN_PER_SECOND : constant := 1.0 / ( 2.0 * PI ) ;
-
- --
- -- angular frequency, omega = 2 Pi f
- --
- RADIAN_PER_SECOND_TO_HERTZ : constant := 2.0 * PI ;
-
- --
- end PHYSICAL_CONVERSION_CONSTANT ;
-