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Errata for changes to Chapter 3 version 21 3.1 Declarations (paragraph 8)3.1 Declarations (paragraph 8)3.1 Declarations (paragraph 8) The process by which a declaration achieves its effect is called the elaboration___________ of the declaration; this process happens during program execution. 3.1 Declarations (paragraph 9)3.1 Declarations (paragraph 9)3.1 Declarations (paragraph 9) After its elaboration, a declaration is said to be elaborated__________. Prior to the completion of its elaboration (including before the elaboration), the declaration is not yet elaborated. The elaboration of any declaration has always at least the effect of achieving this change of state (from not yet elaborated to elaborated). The phrase "the___ elaboration___________ has___ no__ other_____ effect______" is used in this manual whenever this change of state is the only effect of elaboration for some form of declaration. An elaboration process is also defined for declarative parts, declarative items, and compilation units (see 3.9 and 10.5). 3.2 Objects and Named Numbers (paragraph 14)3.2 Objects and Named Numbers (paragraph 14)3.2 Objects and Named Numbers (paragraph 14) References:___________ access type 3.8, constrained array definition 3.6, component 3.3, declaration 3.1, deferred constant declaration 7.4, designate 3.8, discriminant specification 3.7.1, entry 9.5, exception declaration 11.1, expression 4.4, formal parameter 6.1, generic formal object 12.1.1, generic parameter declaration 12.1, generic unit 12, generic subprogram 12.1, identifier 2.3, loop parameter 5.5, numeric type 3.5, parameter specification 6.1, scope 8.2, simple name 4.1, single task declaration 9.1, slice 4.1.2, static expression 4.9, subprogram 6, subtype indication 3.3.2, type 3.3, universal_integer type 3.5.4, universal_real type 3.5.6 3.2.1 Object Declarations (paragraph 2)3.2.1 Object Declarations (paragraph 2)3.2.1 Object Declarations (paragraph 2) The declared object is a constant________ if the reserved word constantconstantconstant appears in the object declaration; the declaration must then include an explicit initialization. The value of a constant cannot be modified after initialization. Formal parameters of mode ininin of subprograms and entries, and generic formal parameters of mode ininin, are also constants; a loop parameter is a constant within the corresponding loop; a subcomponent or slice of a constant is a constant. 3.2.1 Object Declarations (paragraph 18)3.2.1 Object Declarations (paragraph 18)3.2.1 Object Declarations (paragraph 18) If the operand of a type conversion or qualified expression is a variable that has scalar subcomponents with undefined values, then the values of the corresponding subcomponents of the result are undefined. The execution of a program is erroneous if it attempts to evaluate a scalar variable with an undefined value. Similarly, the execution of a program is erroneous if it -1 Object Declarations (paragraph 18) 3.2.1 attempts to apply a predefined operator to a variable that has a scalar subcomponent with an undefined value. 3.2.1 Object Declarations (paragraph 22)3.2.1 Object Declarations (paragraph 22)3.2.1 Object Declarations (paragraph 22) References:___________ access type 3.8, assignment 5.2, assignment compound delimiter 5.2, component 3.3, composite type 3.3, constrained array definition 3.6, constrained subtype 3.3, constraint_error exception 11.1, conversion 4.6, declaration 3.1, default expression for a discriminant 3.7, default initial value for an access type 3.8, depend on a discriminant 3.7.1, designate 3.8, discriminant 3.3, elaboration 3.9, entry 9.5, evaluation 4.5, expression 4.4, formal parameter 6.1, generic formal parameter 12.1 12.3, generic unit 12, in some order 1.6, limited type 7.4.4, mode in 6.1, package 7, predefined operator 4.5, primary 4.4, private type 7.4, qualified expression 4.7, reserved word 2.9, scalar type 3.5, slice 4.1.2, subcomponent 3.3, subprogram 6, subtype 3.3, subtype indication 3.3.2, task 9, task type 9.2, type 3.3, visible part 7.2 3.3 Types and Subtypes (paragraph 2)3.3 Types and Subtypes (paragraph 2)3.3 Types and Subtypes (paragraph 2) There exist several classes_______ of types. Scalar______ types are integer types, real types, and types defined by enumeration of their values; values of these types have no components. Array_____ and record______ types are composite; a value of a composite type consists of component_________ values. An access______ type is a type whose values provide access to objects. Private_______ types are types for which the set of possible values is well defined, but not directly available to the users of such types. Finally, there are task____ types. (Private types are described in chapter 7, task types are described in chapter 9, the other classes of types are described in this chapter.) 3.3 Types and Subtypes (paragraph 10)3.3 Types and Subtypes (paragraph 10)3.3 Types and Subtypes (paragraph 10) The set of values of a subtype is a subset of the values of the base type. This subset need not be a proper subset; it can be an empty subset. 3.3 Types and Subtypes (paragraph 11)3.3 Types and Subtypes (paragraph 11)3.3 Types and Subtypes (paragraph 11) References:___________ access type 3.8, array type 3.6, assignment 5.2, attribute 4.1.4, component of an array 3.6, component of a record 3.7, discriminant constraint 3.7.2, enumeration type 3.5.1, integer type 3.5.4, object 3.2.1, private type 7.4, qualified expression 4.7, real type 3.5.6, record type 3.7, subtype declaration 3.3.2, task type 9.1, type declaration 3.3.1 3.3.1 Type Declarations (paragraph 11)3.3.1 Type Declarations (paragraph 11)3.3.1 Type Declarations (paragraph 11) References:___________ access type definition 3.8, array type definition 3.6, base type 3.3, constrained array definition 3.6, constrained subtype 3.3, declaration 3.1, derived type 3.4, derived type definition 3.4, discriminant part 3.7.1, elaboration 3.9, enumeration type definition 3.5.1, 3.3.1 Type Declarations (paragraph 11) -2 identifier 2.3, incomplete type declaration 3.8.1, integer type definition 3.5.4, multiple object declaration 3.2, numeric type 3.5, private type declaration 7.4, real type definition 3.5.6, reserved word 2.9, type 3.3 3.3.2 Subtype Declarations (paragraph 12)3.3.2 Subtype Declarations (paragraph 12)3.3.2 Subtype Declarations (paragraph 12) References:___________ base type 3.3, compatibility of discriminant constraints 3.7.2, compatibility of fixed point constraints 3.5.9, compatibility of floating point constraints 3.5.7, compatibility of index constraints 3.6.1, compatibility of range constraints 3.5, constraint_error exception 11.1, declaration 3.1, discriminant 3.3, discriminant constraint 3.7.2, elaboration 3.9, evaluation 4.5, expression 4.4, floating point constraint 3.5.7, fixed point constraint 3.5.9, index constraint 3.6.1, range constraint 3.5, reserved word 2.9, subtype 3.3, type 3.3, type name 3.3.1, unconstrained subtype 3.3 3.3.3 Classification of Operations (paragraph 2)3.3.3 Classification of Operations (paragraph 2)3.3.3 Classification of Operations (paragraph 2) The remaining operations are each implicitly declared for a given type declaration. These implicitly declared operations comprise the basic_____ operations, the predefined operators (see 4.5), and enumeration literals. In the case of a derived type declaration, the implicitly declared operations include any derived subprograms. The operations implicitly declared for a given type declaration occur after the type declaration and before the next explicit declaration, if any. The implicit declarations of derived subprograms occur last. 3.4 Derived Types (paragraph 10)3.4 Derived Types (paragraph 10)3.4 Derived Types (paragraph 10) - If an explicit representation clause exists for the parent type and if this clause appears before the derived type definition, then there is a corresponding representation clause (an implicit one) for the derived type. 3.4 Derived Types (paragraph 24)3.4 Derived Types (paragraph 24)3.4 Derived Types (paragraph 24) References:___________ access value 3.8, actual parameter 6.4.1, aggregate 4.3, attribute 4.1.4, base type 3.3, basic operation 3.3.3, boolean type 3.5.3, bound of a range 3.5, class of type 3.3, collection 3.8, component 3.3, composite type 3.3, constraint 3.3, conversion 4.6, declaration 3.1, declarative region 8.1, default expression 3.2.1, default initial value for an access type 3.8, discriminant 3.3, elaboration 3.9, entry 9.5, enumeration literal 3.5.1, floating point constraint 3.5.7, fixed point constraint 3.5.9, formal parameter 6.1, function call 6.4, generic declaration 12.1, immediately within 8.1, implicit declaration 3.1, literal 4.2, mode 6.1, overloading 6.6 8.7, package 7, package specification 7.1, parameter association 6.4, predefined operator 4.5, private type 7.4, procedure 6, procedure call statement 6.4, range constraint 3.5, representation clause 13.1, reserved word 2.9, slice 4.1.2, subprogram 6, subprogram specification 6.1, subtype indication 3.3.2, subtype 3.3, type 3.3, type definition 3.3.1, visible part 7.2 -3 Derived Types (paragraph 24) 3.4 3.5.1 Enumeration Types (paragraph 8)3.5.1 Enumeration Types (paragraph 8)3.5.1 Enumeration Types (paragraph 8) References:___________ character literal 2.5, declaration 3.1, designator 6.1, elaboration 3.9, 6.1, function 6.5, identifier 2.3, name 4.1, overloading 6.6 8.7, position number 3.5, qualified expression 4.7, relational operator 4.5 4.5.2, type 3.3, type definition 3.3.1 3.5.5 Operations of Discrete Types 3.5.5 (paragraph 10)3.5.5 Operations of Discrete Types 3.5.5 (paragraph 10)3.5.5 Operations of Discrete Types 3.5.5 (paragraph 10) T'IMAGE This attribute is a function. The parameter X must be a value of the base type of T. The result type is the predefined type STRING. The result is the image_____ of the value of X, that is, a sequence of characters representing the value in display form. The image of an integer value is the corresponding decimal literal; without underlines, leading zeros, exponent, or trailing spaces; but with a single leading character that is either a minus sign or a space. The lower bound of the image is one. 3.5.5 Operations of Discrete Types 3.5.5 (paragraph 11)3.5.5 Operations of Discrete Types 3.5.5 (paragraph 11)3.5.5 Operations of Discrete Types 3.5.5 (paragraph 11) The image of an enumeration value is either the corresponding identifier in upper case or the corresponding character literal (including the two apostrophes); neither leading nor trailing spaces are included. The image of a character C, other than a graphic character, is implementation-defined; the only requirement is that the image must be such that C equals CHARACTER'VALUE(CHARACTER'IMAGE(C)). 3.5.5 Operations of Discrete Types (paragraph 19)3.5.5 Operations of Discrete Types (paragraph 19)3.5.5 Operations of Discrete Types (paragraph 19) References:___________ abs operator 4.5 4.5.6, assignment 5.2, attribute 4.1.4, base type 3.3, basic operation 3.3.3, binary adding operator 4.5 4.5.3, boolean type 3.5.3, bound of a range 3.5, character literal 2.5, constraint 3.3, constraint_error exception 11.1, conversion 4.6, discrete type 3.5, enumeration literal 3.5.1, exponentiating operator 4.5 4.5.6, function 6.5, graphic character 2.1, identifier 2.3, integer type 3.5.4, logical operator 4.5 4.5.1, membership test 4.5 4.5.2, multiplying operator 4.5 4.5.5, not operator 4.5 4.5.6, numeric literal 2.4, numeric type 3.5, object 3.2, operation 3.3, position number 3.5, predefined operator 4.5, predefined type C, qualified expression 4.7, relational operator 4.5 4.5.2, short-circuit control form 4.5 4.5.1, string type 3.6.3, subtype 3.3, type 3.3, unary adding operator 4.5 4.5.4, universal_integer type 3.5.4, universal type 4.10 3.5.7 Floating Point Types (paragraph 18)3.5.7 Floating Point Types (paragraph 18)3.5.7 Floating Point Types (paragraph 18) type MASS is digits 7 range 0.0 .. 1.0E35; 3.5.7 Floating Point Types (paragraph 18) -4 3.5.7 Floating Point Types (paragraph 19)3.5.7 Floating Point Types (paragraph 19)3.5.7 Floating Point Types (paragraph 19) The implemented accuracy for COEFFICIENT is that of a predefined type having at least 10 digits of precision. Consequently the specification of 5 digits of precision for the subtype SHORT_COEFF is allowed. The largest model number for the type MASS is approximately 1.27E30 and hence less than the specified upper bound (1.0E35). Consequently the declaration of this type is legal only if this upper bound is in the range of the safe numbers of a predefined floating point type having at least 7 digits of precision. 3.5.9 Fixed Point Types (paragraph 11)3.5.9 Fixed Point Types (paragraph 11)3.5.9 Fixed Point Types (paragraph 11) The fixed point declaration is illegal if no predefined type satisfies these requirements. The safe numbers of a fixed point type are the model numbers of its base type. 3.6 Array Types (paragraph 11)3.6 Array Types (paragraph 11)3.6 Array Types (paragraph 11) Examples of type declarations with constrained array definitions:_________________________________________________________________ typetypetype TABLE isisis arrayarrayarray(1 .. 10) ofofof INTEGER; typetypetype SCHEDULE isisis arrayarrayarray(DAY) ofofof BOOLEAN; typetypetype LINE isisis arrayarrayarray(1 .. MAX_LINE_SIZE) ofofof CHARACTER; 3.6.1 Index Constraints and Discrete Ranges (paragraph 4)3.6.1 Index Constraints and Discrete Ranges (paragraph 4)3.6.1 Index Constraints and Discrete Ranges (paragraph 4) An index constraint is compatible__________ with the type denoted by the type mark if and only if the constraint defined by each discrete range is compatible with the corresponding index subtype. If any of the discrete ranges defines a null range, any array thus constrained is a null____ array_____, having no components. An array value satisfies_________ an index constraint if at each index position the array value and the index constraint have the same index bounds. (Note, however, that assignment and certain other operations on arrays involve an implicit subtype conversion.) 3.6.2 Operations of Array Types (paragraph 16)3.6.2 Operations of Array Types (paragraph 16)3.6.2 Operations of Array Types (paragraph 16) References:___________ aggregate 4.3, array type 3.6, assignment 5.2, attribute 4.1.4, basic operation 3.3.3, bound of a range 3.5, catenation operator 4.5 4.5.3, character type 3.5.2, constrained array subtype 3.6, conversion 4.6, designator 6.1, dimension 3.6, index 3.6, indexed component 4.1.1, limited type 7.4.4, logical operator 4.5 4.5.1, membership test 4.5 4.5.2, not operator 4.5 4.5.6, null range 3.5, object 3.2, operation 3.3, predefined operator 4.5, qualified expression 4.7, relational operator 4.5 4.5.2, slice 4.1.2, static expression 4.9, string literal 2.6, subcomponent 3.3, type 3.3, unconstrained array type 3.6, universal type 4.10, universal_integer type 3.5.4 -5 Operations of Array Types (paragraph 16) 3.6.2 3.7 Record Types (paragraph 13)3.7 Record Types (paragraph 13)3.7 Record Types (paragraph 13) References:___________ assignment compound delimiter 2.2, component 3.3, composite value 3.3, constraint 3.3, declaration 3.1, depend on a discriminant 3.7.1, discriminant 3.3, discriminant part 3.7 3.7.1, elaboration 3.9, expression 4.4, identifier 2.3, identifier list 3.2, limited type 7.4.4, name 4.1, object 3.2, subtype 3.3, type 3.3, type mark 3.3.2, variant part 3.7.3 3.8.2 Operations of Access Types (paragraphs 2 3)3.8.2 Operations of Access Types (paragraphs 2 3)3.8.2 Operations of Access Types (paragraphs 2 3) If the designated type is an array type, the basic operations include the attributes that have the attribute designators FIRST, LAST, RANGE, and LENGTH (likewise, the attribute designators of the N-th dimension). The prefix of each of these attributes must be a value of the access type. These attributes yield the corresponding characteristics of the designated object (see 3.6.2). If the designated type is a task type, the basic operations include the attributes that have the attribute designators TERMINATED and CALLABLE (see 9.9). The prefix of each of these attributes must be a value of the access type. These attributes yield the corresponding characteristics of the designated task objects. 3.8.2 Operations of Access Types (paragraph 6)3.8.2 Operations of Access Types (paragraph 6)3.8.2 Operations of Access Types (paragraph 6) References:___________ access type 3.8, allocator 4.8, array type 3.6, assignment 5.2, attribute 4.1.4, attribute designator 4.1.4, base type 3.3, basic operation 3.3.3, collection 3.8, constrained array subtype 3.6, conversion 4.6, designate 3.8, designated subtype 3.8, designated type 3.8, discriminant 3.3, indexed component 4.1.1, literal 4.2, membership test 4.5 4.5.2, object 3.2.1, operation 3.3, private type 7.4, qualified expression 4.7, record type 3.7, selected component 4.1.3, slice 4.1.2, subtype 3.3, task type 9.1, type 3.3 3.9 Declarative Parts (paragraph 11)3.9 Declarative Parts (paragraph 11)3.9 Declarative Parts (paragraph 11) Elaboration___________ of__ declarations____________: 3.1, component declaration 3.7, deferred constant declaration 7.4.3, discriminant specification 3.7.1, entry declaration 9.5, enumeration literal specification 3.5.1, generic declaration 12.1, generic instantiation 12.3, incomplete type declaration 3.8.1, loop parameter specification 5.5, number declaration 3.2.2, object declaration 3.2.1, package declaration 7.2, parameter specification 6.1, private type declaration 7.4.1, renaming declaration 8.5, subprogram declaration 6.1, subtype declaration 3.3.2, task declaration 9.1, type declaration 3.3.1 3.9 Declarative Parts (paragraph 13)3.9 Declarative Parts (paragraph 13)3.9 Declarative Parts (paragraph 13) Elaboration___________ of__ other_____ constructs__________: context clause 10.1, body stub 10.2, compilation unit 10.1, discriminant part 3.7.1, generic body 12.2, generic formal parameter 12.1 12.3, library unit 10.5, package body 7.1, representation clause 13.1, subprogram body 6.3, subunit 10.2, task body 9.1, task object 9.2, task specification 9.1, use clause 8.4, with clause 10.1.1 3.9 Declarative Parts (paragraph 13) -6 
