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44 44 44 DDDDDDD OOOOO SSSSSS (R) 44 DDDDDDDD OOOOOOO SSSSSSSS 44 44 DD DD OO OO SS 44 44 DD DD OO OO SS 44 44 DD DD OO OO SSSSSS 444444444 DD DD OO OO SSSSSS 44444444 DD DD OO OO SS 44 DD DD OO OO SS 44 DDDDDDDD OOOOOOO SSSSSSSS 44 DDDDDDD OOOOO SSSSSS for the Windows NT (tm) Operating System Version 1.0 Developed By Rex Conn and Tom Rawson Documentation By Hardin Brothers, Rex Conn, and Tom Rawson Published By JP Software Inc. P.O. Box 1470 East Arlington, MA 02174 USA (617) 646-3975 fax (617) 646-0904 Program and Documentation Copyright 1988 - 1993, Rex C. Conn and JP Software Inc., All Rights Reserved. 4DOS is a registered trademark of JP Software Inc. Windows NT is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation. Other product and company names are trademarks of their respective owners. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We couldn't produce a product like 4DOS for Windows NT without the dedication and quality work of many people. Our thanks to: JP Software Staff: Mike Bessy, Helen Coyne, Ellen Stone, Marcella Turner, Misty White. Beta Test Support: David Moskowitz, Guy Scharf, Larry Finkelstein, and Martin Schiff, of CompuServe's CONSULT forum. Online Support: Brian Miller and Tess Heder of Channel 1 BBS; Don Watkins of CompuServe's IBMNET. Beta Testers: We can't list all of our beta testers here. A special thanks to all of you who helped make 4DOS for Windows NT elegant, reliable, and friendly! CONTENTS ___________________________________________________________________ CONTENTS Introduction.............................................1 How to Use This Manual..............................2 Chapter 1 / Installation.................................4 Diskette Installation...............................4 Download Installation...............................5 Installing 4DOS for Windows NT on Your Desktop......5 4NT Files and Directories...........................6 Uninstalling 4DOS for Windows NT....................6 Chapter 2 / General Concepts.............................7 Primary and Secondary Shells........................7 File Systems (FAT, NTFS, and HPFS)..................8 Chapter 3 / Using 4DOS for Windows NT....................10 At the Command Line.................................10 4DOS for Windows NT HELP.......................10 Shared History and Alias Lists.................11 Special Characters.............................12 Executable File Names...............................12 Redirection.........................................12 Piping..............................................13 Internal Variables..................................14 Variable Functions..................................15 Batch Files.........................................16 Startup and Exit Files..............................16 Using 4START and 4EXIT.........................17 REXX Support........................................17 EXTPROC Support.....................................18 Chapter 4 / Configuration and Tuning.....................19 Creating and Configuring Icons......................19 Command Line Options................................20 Using 4NT.INI.......................................21 Chapter 5 / Command Reference Guide......................23 DETACH..............................................25 DIR.................................................26 DPATH...............................................28 KEYS................................................29 SETDOS..............................................30 START...............................................31 TITLE...............................................34 WINDOW..............................................35 ___________________________________________________________________ Copyright 1993, JP Software Inc. 4DOS for Windows NT / i INTRODUCTION ___________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION Welcome, and thanks for purchasing 4DOS for the Windows NT Operating System! We developed 4DOS for Windows NT to bring the power and convenience of our popular 4DOS program to users of the Windows NT operating system. Whether you are a computer novice or an experienced user, we think that 4DOS for Windows NT will help you get the most out of your Windows NT system. 4DOS for Windows NT, like its cousin 4DOS, is a command interpreter or "shell." We have designed 4DOS for Windows NT to be compatible with both 4DOS and with Windows NT's normal shell program, CMD.EXE. [Our product is named "4DOS", and this version is more fully described as "4DOS for the Windows NT Operating System". For brevity, in this manual we often refer to "4DOS for Windows NT", "4DOS/NT", or to the program file name, 4NT.EXE or just 4NT. When "4DOS" is used by itself the reference is to our DOS product. If you are already familiar with 4DOS, please note that 4DOS for Windows NT is a complete Windows NT application, and not simply a version of 4DOS running under Windows NT's DOS capabilities.] If you are familiar with 4DOS or with the Windows NT command prompt, you won't have to change your computing habits or unlearn anything to use 4DOS for Windows NT. If you know how to use commands to display a directory, copy a file, or start an application program, you already know how to use 4DOS/NT. And if you are a 4DOS user, you already know how to use most of the advanced features that we have built into 4DOS/NT. You can even use many of your 4DOS batch files with 4DOS/NT without changing them at all (see pages 12 and 16 for tips about making the batch files work properly in both environments). Once you have 4DOS for Windows NT installed, you can learn its new features at your own pace. Relax, enjoy its power, and browse through the manuals occasionally. Press the F1 key whenever you need help. 4DOS for Windows NT will soon become an essential part of your computer, and you'll wonder how you ever got along without it. We are constantly working to improve 4DOS/NT. If you have suggestions for features or commands that we should include in the next version, or any other way we could improve our product, please let us know. Many of the features in this version of 4DOS/NT were ___________________________________________________________________ Copyright 1993, JP Software Inc. 4DOS for Windows NT / 1 INTRODUCTION ___________________________________________________________________ suggested by our users and beta testers. We can't promise to include every suggestion, but we really do appreciate and pay attention to your comments. How to Use This Manual Because 4DOS/NT is almost identical to 4DOS in operation, nearly everything in the 4DOS Reference Manual applies to 4DOS for Windows NT as well. Therefore, we supply both this manual and the 4DOS Reference Manual with every copy of 4DOS/NT. Use the 4DOS Reference Manual as your primary manual; this booklet is a supplement that explains the added features in 4DOS/NT and the occasional differences between the two products. We publish the manuals in this form because most 4DOS/NT customers also use 4DOS. This supplement helps focus attention on the few differences between 4DOS/NT and 4DOS; two completely separate manuals would make those differences more difficult to pinpoint and to remember. If you haven't used 4DOS before, look through the Guided Tour and other parts of the 4DOS manual to gain a feel for how 4DOS for Windows NT works. Then return to this manual, especially Chapter 3, for a discussion of the differences between 4DOS and 4DOS/NT. If you are familiar with 4DOS, you may want to read quickly through this manual to get a general feeling for the few differences between the two products. Then you can install 4DOS for Windows NT on your computer and study the differences that affect your computing habits in detail. There are five chapters in this manual. Here is what you'll find in each: Chapter 1 / Installation This chapter explains how to install 4DOS for Windows NT. Everyone should read this short chapter. Chapter 2 / General Concepts This chapter explains a few basic concepts that you should understand before using 4DOS for Windows NT extensively. ___________________________________________________________________ Copyright 1993, JP Software Inc. 4DOS for Windows NT / 2 INTRODUCTION ___________________________________________________________________ Chapter 3 / Using 4DOS for Windows NT This chapter explains the differences between 4DOS and 4DOS for Windows NT. It is a supplement to Chapter 5 / Using 4DOS in the 4DOS Reference Manual. Chapter 4 / Options and Tuning This chapter discusses how to configure 4DOS for Windows NT. Chapter 5 / Command Reference The final chapter provides details about the commands that are new in 4DOS for Windows NT and about those which differ from 4DOS. It is a supplement to Chapter 8 / Command Reference Guide in the 4DOS Reference Manual. ___________________________________________________________________ Copyright 1993, JP Software Inc. 4DOS for Windows NT / 3 CHAPTER 1 / INSTALLATION ___________________________________________________________________ CHAPTER 1 / INSTALLATION Diskette Installation If you downloaded 4DOS for Windows NT, see the section on download installation below. When you are ready to install 4DOS for Windows NT, put the distribution diskette into drive A (you may use drive B if you prefer). Open a command prompt window, then log into drive A by typing: a: and pressing Enter. One of the files on the distribution diskette, README.1ST, contains information that you should read before you install 4DOS/NT on your computer. Type: type readme.1st | more to view the file. If you want to print a copy of the file, type: copy readme.1st prn Now you can start the installation process. Type: install Once the installation program has started, just follow the instructions on the screen and 4DOS/NT will copy the appropriate files to your hard disk. Be sure to install 4DOS for Windows NT in its own directory. If you also have 4DOS, do not use the same directory for both 4DOS and 4DOS/NT files, as some of the file names (for example README.DOC) may be the same. The 4DOS for Windows NT files are contained in a special library file on the diskette. You cannot simply copy the files from the diskette onto your system. You must use the installation program to extract and decompress the files, or if you need to replace a damaged 4DOS/NT file on your hard disk. ___________________________________________________________________ Copyright 1993, JP Software Inc. 4DOS for Windows NT / 4 CHAPTER 1 / INSTALLATION ___________________________________________________________________ Once the installation process is complete, see the section below on Installing 4DOS for Windows NT on Your Desktop. Download Installation If you downloaded 4DOS for Windows NT, simply extract the downloaded files into their own directory (do not put them in the same directory as your 4DOS files). Then follow the instructions in the next section. Installing 4DOS for Windows NT on Your Desktop Once you've extracted the 4DOS for Windows NT files, use the following steps to create a 4DOS/NT icon on your Windows NT desktop: * Select the "Main" group * Select the Program Manager "File" menu * Select "New" * Select "Program item" * Enter "4DOS/NT Prompt", or any other title you desire, in the Description field * Enter the full pathname for 4NT.EXE in the Command Line field (for example, "C:\4NT\4NT.EXE") * Enter the directory you wish to start up in (if any) in the Working Directory field * Click on "Change Icon" * If you receive an error indicating that there are no icons in the file and therefore a Program Manager icon will be used, ignore the error and click on "OK" * Enter the full pathname for 4NT.ICO in the file name field (for example, "C:\4NT\4NT.ICO") * Click on "OK" to accept the icon * Click on "OK" to accept the entry ___________________________________________________________________ Copyright 1993, JP Software Inc. 4DOS for Windows NT / 5 CHAPTER 1 / INSTALLATION ___________________________________________________________________ 4NT Files and Directories The installation procedure places all 4DOS for Windows NT files in a single directory. You may move the files to different directories, if you wish. But you do have to make sure that the files can be found by the programs that need to use them. The following information will help you set up your system correctly if you are performing a manual installation: 4NT.EXE is the 4DOS for Windows NT program file. It must be in the directory specified in the Command Line field for any 4DOS for Windows NT icons. 4NT.HLP contains the text for the 4DOS for Windows NT HELP command and F1 key. 4NT.HLP must be in the same directory as 4NT.EXE. SHRALIAS.EXE is a small utility that saves the shared alias and history list between different 4DOS for Windows NT windows. SHRALIAS.EXE is normally stored in the same directory as 4NT.EXE. The directory containing this file should be listed in your PATH statement. Uninstalling 4DOS for Windows NT In the extremely unlikely event that you have trouble after you install 4DOS for Windows NT, you can remove it quite easily. We don't expect you to have any problems, but we know some people feel more secure knowing how to uninstall a product as well as install it. Or, you may need to remove 4DOS/NT from one system if you are moving it to another system. 4DOS for Windows NT doesn't make any changes to the Windows NT system files. To remove 4DOS/NT, all you need to do is change or delete any icons that refer directly to 4NT.EXE. You can then delete the 4DOS for Windows NT files from your hard drive. ___________________________________________________________________ Copyright 1993, JP Software Inc. 4DOS for Windows NT / 6 CHAPTER 2 / GENERAL CONCEPTS ___________________________________________________________________ CHAPTER 2 / GENERAL CONCEPTS This chapter contains information about Windows NT and 4DOS for Windows NT. Some of the information is general and introductory in nature; other parts of this chapter are fairly detailed and technical. We encourage you to at least scan through this chapter to see what is here and to study the sections that appear to have relevance to your way of using 4DOS for Windows NT and Windows NT. Executable Files Windows NT supports several types of applications: DOS, 16-bit Windows 3.x, 32-bit Windows 3.x, 32-bit Windows NT (both graphical and character mode), 16-bit OS/2 1.x character mode, and POSIX. You can run any of these program types from the 4DOS for Windows NT prompt or from batch files. It's not necessary to know the application type; Windows NT detects it and starts the appropriate subsystem automatically. 4DOS for Windows NT recognizes five executable filename extensions: COM, EXE, BTM, BAT, and CMD, and searches for them in that order. You can mix the program types (i.e., DOS, Windows, and NT) in the batch files (BTM, BAT, and CMD). (See REXX Support and EXTPROC Support in Chapter 3 for more information on special batch file processing.) Primary and Secondary Shells Primary and secondary shells are used a little differently under Windows NT than you may be used to under DOS. In particular, primary shells are more common in Windows NT and secondary shells are less common. Secondary shells are used most often under DOS for "shelling to DOS" from an application, and for starting DOS sessions under multitaskers or task switchers. Most Windows NT applications don't offer (or need) a "shell to Windows NT" capability, and starting 4DOS/NT from its icon creates primary, not secondary shells. As a result, 4DOS/NT secondary shells are generally created only for pipes (see page 13), or if you start a second copy of 4DOS/NT directly from the command prompt. ___________________________________________________________________ Copyright 1993, JP Software Inc. 4DOS for Windows NT / 7 CHAPTER 2 / GENERAL CONCEPTS ___________________________________________________________________ File Systems (FAT, NTFS and HPFS) Windows NT includes support for three different file systems. The first is the traditional DOS file system that is based on a file allocation table (FAT) and has file names that are composed of 8 characters plus a 3-character extension. The second file system is called NTFS. File names can be a maximum of 255 characters, and the filenames may include spaces and other characters not allowed in FAT filenames. The third file system (developed for OS/2) is called HPFS. Like NTFS, file names can be a maximum of 255 characters, and the names may include spaces and other characters not allowed in FAT filenames. The file system type is determined when a hard disk partition is formatted, and applies to the entire partition. For example, you might have a 400 MB hard disk divided into four 100 MB partitions, with the first three partitions (C:, D:, and E:) formatted for the FAT file system and the fourth (F:) formatted for NTFS. Partition F: would then be available only from Windows NT. It would not be visible from a DOS boot outside of Windows NT. 4DOS for Windows NT is compatible with all three file systems. Any command that accepts file names will accept both FAT- compatible names and NTFS/HPFS-compatible names. If an NTFS- or HPFS-compatible name includes spaces or other characters that would not be allowed in a FAT name, you must place double quotes around the name. For example, suppose you have a file named LET3 on a FAT partition, and you want to copy it to the LETTERS directory on drive F:, an NTFS partition, and give it the name LETTER TO SARA. To do so, use either of these commands: [c:\wp] copy let3 f:\"letter to sara" [c:\wp] copy let3 "f:\letter to sara" Note that the quotes can include the filename only, or the entire path. As long as the portion of the filename that includes spaces or other similar separator characters is quoted, the filename will be interpreted properly. You can use the DESCRIBE command to add descriptions to files on an NTFS partition, just as you can on a FAT partition. This may mean you use two sets of quotes in the DESCRIBE command, for example (enter this command on one line): ___________________________________________________________________ Copyright 1993, JP Software Inc. 4DOS for Windows NT / 8 CHAPTER 2 / GENERAL CONCEPTS ___________________________________________________________________ [c:\wp] describe "f:\letter to sara" "letter to sara rimaldi about purchases" If quotes are required to delimit the NTFS or HPFS file name, 4DOS/NT will include them in the DESCRIPT.ION file. This keeps the file name and description properly separated from each other. If you use 4DOS under DOS, it will not display or modify descriptions for files with quoted NTFS or HPFS names, and will not disturb the descriptions 4DOS/NT creates for these files. ___________________________________________________________________ Copyright 1993, JP Software Inc. 4DOS for Windows NT / 9 CHAPTER 3 / USING 4DOS for Windows NT ___________________________________________________________________ CHAPTER 3 / USING 4DOS for Windows NT In use, 4DOS for Windows NT is nearly identical to 4DOS. The few general usage differences are explained in this chapter. Command differences are explained in Chapter 5 (see page 23). We have assumed in this chapter that you have the 4DOS Reference Manual available and that you have some familiarity with the corresponding 4DOS features. If a section of this chapter seems completely unfamiliar to you, it is probably discussing a feature of 4DOS and 4DOS for Windows NT that you are not using. Feel free to read only the sections of this chapter that are relevant to the way that you use your computer and 4DOS/NT. At the Command Line The 4NT command line will hold a maximum of 1023 characters, instead of the 255 characters available at the 4DOS command line. All other command line editing features work the same under 4DOS/NT as they do under 4DOS. The default 4DOS/NT prompt is [$p] on hard disks and [$n] on floppy disks, rather than the corresponding defaults of $p$g and $n$g in 4DOS. This prompt displays the current path or drive enclosed in square brackets. Use the PROMPT command if you want to use a different prompt for 4DOS/NT. For compatibility with CMD.EXE, 4DOS/NT will prompt for additional command line text when you include the 4DOS/NT escape character (the default escape character is the caret ^) as the very last character of a typed command line. For example: [c:\] echo The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy^ More? sleeping dog. > alphabet 4DOS for Windows NT Help Complete on-line help for all 4DOS/NT commands and features is provided with 4DOS/NT. As in 4DOS, help is invoked with the HELP command or the F1 key. 4NT's help text does not cover Windows NT external commands. ___________________________________________________________________ Copyright 1993, JP Software Inc. 4DOS for Windows NT / 10 CHAPTER 3 / USING 4DOS for Windows NT ___________________________________________________________________ You can keep the help window on the screen and return to the 4DOS/NT window, switching between the two windows as needed. This may be useful when you are writing a batch file, working on a complex command, or experimenting with 4NT. Shared History and Alias Lists By default, 4NT will use the same history list and alias list in all windows and in both primary and secondary 4DOS/NT shells. It keeps these lists in shared memory. This means that the aliases that you define in one 4NT window will be available immediately in copies of 4NT that are running in other windows. In addition, the history list, which is used to record the commands that you type, is updated in all 4NT windows whenever you type a command at any 4NT prompt. If you want to start a 4NT shell or window with unique alias and history lists, use the LocalAliases and LocalHistory directives in the 4NT.INI file (see page 21) or on the 4NT command line (see page 21). Using the 4NT.INI directive is the best choice if you want to have separate alias and history lists for all 4NT windows. You might prefer using the command line directive if you want to create a separate list just for one particular window or shell. The memory segments that contain the shared history and alias lists are retained as long as there is at least one copy of 4NT running that supports shared lists. When all such copies of 4NT end, the shared history and alias lists are discarded. A utility program called SHRALIAS.EXE is included with 4NT. It will keep these lists open until your computer is rebooted. To use this program, include the following line in your 4START startup batch file: [d:\path\]shralias Once SHRALIAS is started, it will remain active until your computer is turned off or rebooted, even if the window from which it was started is terminated. To deactivate SHRALIAS, enter this command at any 4NT prompt: [d:\path]shralias /u ___________________________________________________________________ Copyright 1993, JP Software Inc. 4DOS for Windows NT / 11 CHAPTER 3 / USING 4DOS for Windows NT ___________________________________________________________________ Special Characters To maintain compatibility with CMD.EXE, the default values for three special characters are different in 4NT than in 4DOS. If you want to share batch (BTM or BAT) files or aliases between 4NT and 4DOS, you will probably want to select a common set of characters for both environments. You can do so with directives in 4NT.INI or 4DOS.INI, or by using the SETDOS command. By default, the command separator is an ampersand [&] in 4NT and a caret [^] in 4DOS. You can select a common command separator character with the CommandSep directive or the SETDOS /C command. The default escape character is a caret [^] in 4NT and Ctrl-X in 4DOS. You can select a common escape character with the EscapeChar directive or the SETDOS /E command. 4NT batch files and aliases recognize the dollar sign [$] to mean all or all remaining replaceable parameters (e.g., %$ or %2$). The corresponding symbol in 4DOS is the ampersand [&]. You can select a common symbol with the ParameterChar directive or the SETDOS /P command. Executable File Names 4DOS/NT is similar to 4DOS in the way it executes programs and batch files. It searches for .COM, .EXE, .BTM, .BAT, and .CMD files (in that order), .REX files (if you have Personal REXX installed, see page 17 for details), and files with executable extensions, in the current directory and then in each directory in the PATH. You can execute any of the application types Windows NT supports (NT, Windows, DOS, OS/2, and POSIX) from 4NT. Redirection In addition to the extended 4DOS redirection options, 4NT also supports the CMD.EXE syntax n>file and n>&m ___________________________________________________________________ Copyright 1993, JP Software Inc. 4DOS for Windows NT / 12 CHAPTER 3 / USING 4DOS for Windows NT ___________________________________________________________________ where [n] and [m] are digits between 0 and 9. You may not put any spaces between the n and the >, or between the & and the m in the second form. The digits represent file handles; 4NT interprets "0" as STDIN (standard input), "1" as STDOUT (standard output), and "2" as STDERR (standard error). Handles 3 to 9 will probably not be useful unless you have an application which uses those handles for a specific, documented purpose. The n>file syntax redirects output from handle n to a file. You can use this form to redirect two handles to different places. For example, [c:\] dir >outfile 2>errfile sends normal output to a file called OUTFILE and any error messages to a file called ERRFILE. The n>&m syntax redirects handle n to the same location as the previously assigned handle m. For example, to send STDERR to the same file as STDOUT, you could use this command: [c:\] dir >outfile 2>&1 Notice that you can perform the same operations by using 4DOS/NT's enhanced redirection features. The two examples above could be written as [c:\] dir >outfile >&>errfile and [c:\] dir >&outfile Piping A pipe takes the standard output of one program (the sending program) and uses it as the standard input of a second program (the receiving program). Because of the limitations of MS- DOS, 4DOS implements pipes by creating a temporary file to collect the output from the sending program. Once that program is done, 4DOS starts the receiving program and sends it the contents of the temporary file as its input. When the receiving program ends, 4DOS deletes the temporary file. Windows NT lets 4DOS/NT implement pipes by starting a new process for the receiving program. The sending and receiving programs run simultaneously; the sending program writes to ___________________________________________________________________ Copyright 1993, JP Software Inc. 4DOS for Windows NT / 13 CHAPTER 3 / USING 4DOS for Windows NT ___________________________________________________________________ the pipe and the receiving program reads from the pipe. When both programs finish, the process for the receiving program is ended automatically. If you are used to using pipes under 4DOS, you normally will not see any difference with a 4NT pipe except perhaps less disk activity. But you may not get the results you expect from 4NT if you use a pipe command like: [c:\] echo test | input %%var In 4DOS, this pipe will create an environment variable called VAR and set its value as "test." You will be able to see the new variable by typing SET at the 4DOS command. In 4NT, VAR will be set in the environment that belongs to the receiving program. But that environment will be discarded when the pipe has been emptied and the process ends. You will never see VAR in the environment even though 4NT and Windows NT are both operating correctly. The same cautions apply to the "pipe-fitting" commands, TEE and Y. When you use pipes with 4NT, make sure you think about any possible consequences that can occur from using a separate process to run the receiving program. Because 4NT does not use temporary files for pipes, the TEMP and TEMP4DOS environment variables do not affect pipes in 4NT as they do in 4DOS. Internal Variables The following internal variables are new in 4DOS/NT: = is the current escape character (e.g. %=) + is the current command separator (e.g. %+) _COMSPEC is the full path name of the current shell (4NT.EXE) _DAY is the current day of the month (1 - 31) _HOUR is the hours in the current time (0 - 23) _MONTH is the current month of the year (1 - 12) _MINUTE is the minutes in the current time (0 - 59) ___________________________________________________________________ Copyright 1993, JP Software Inc. 4DOS for Windows NT / 14 CHAPTER 3 / USING 4DOS for Windows NT ___________________________________________________________________ _PID is the current process ID number. _SECOND is the seconds in the current time (0 - 59) _YEAR is the current 4-digit year The following 4DOS internal variables are not available in 4DOS/NT: _ALIAS (4NT dynamically sizes the alias list). _DV (DESQView does not run under Windows NT). _ENV (4NT dynamically sizes the environment). _MONITOR (monitor information is not available in Windows NT). _VIDEO (video card information is not available in Windows NT). Variable Functions The following variable function is new in 4DOS/NT: @FSTYPE[d:]: Returns the file system type for the specified drive. It will return "FAT", "NTFS", or "HPFS". The following 4DOS variable functions are not available in 4DOS/NT: @EMS (because Windows NT applications do not recognize nor use expanded memory). @EXTENDED (because Windows NT applications do not recognize extended memory as a special memory type). @LPT (because there is no feasible way to read printer status information directly under Windows NT). @REMOVABLE (because there is no feasible way to detect removable drives under Windows NT) @TRUENAME (because there is no feasible way to detect true names under Windows NT). ___________________________________________________________________ Copyright 1993, JP Software Inc. 4DOS for Windows NT / 15 CHAPTER 3 / USING 4DOS for Windows NT ___________________________________________________________________ @XMS (because Windows NT applications do not recognize nor use XMS memory). Also, in 4DOS/NT the @DOSMEM function returns the size of the largest block of free memory, not the total amount of free memory (because total free memory is not an available or meaningful value under a virtual memory operating system such as Windows NT). Batch Files 4DOS for Windows NT can execute three kinds of batch files: files with an extension of CMD or BAT, and those with an extension of BTM. CMD files are Windows NT batch files; BAT and BTM files can be run by 4NT and by 4DOS. If you run the same .BTM files with 4NT and 4DOS, you should encounter few difficulties. However, 4NT and 4DOS by default use a different command separator, a different escape character, and a different character for all remaining parameters on a batch file or alias command line. You may want to use the CommandSep, EscapeChar, and ParameterChar directives in either 4NT.INI or 4DOS.INI, or the corresponding SETDOS switches, to set the same characters in both products (see page 12). Inside a .BTM file, you may need to determine whether the file is being executed by 4NT, by 4DOS running under DOS, or by 4DOS running under Windows NT. You may also want the file to do different things in primary and secondary shells. The basic rule is to use the internal variable %_DOS to determine the operating system, %_DOSVER to determine the operating system version, and %_SHELL to determine the shell level. Note that in a DOS session, %_DOSVER returns 3.3, 5.0, etc. for the corresponding MS-DOS versions, and 3.1 for Windows NT. Startup and Exit Files 4DOS for Windows NT will look for and execute batch files when it starts (4START) and exits (4EXIT). 4START and 4EXIT can be .CMD or .BTM files. If they have the extension .BTM and are in a directory where 4DOS can find them, they will also run whenever 4DOS starts and exits. ___________________________________________________________________ Copyright 1993, JP Software Inc. 4DOS for Windows NT / 16 CHAPTER 3 / USING 4DOS for Windows NT ___________________________________________________________________ Using 4START and 4EXIT If you create a 4START.BTM and 4EXIT.BTM file, you can use them for both 4NT and 4DOS. If you prefer to use different files for 4NT and 4DOS, you can use 4START.CMD for 4NT and 4START.BAT for 4DOS. You could name your 4EXIT files similarly. You can also keep the 4START and 4EXIT files separate by placing the files for 4NT in the 4NT directory and the files for 4DOS in the 4DOS directory. If you prefer, you can create a file with a name other than 4START (for example, STARTNT.CMD) and put its name in the Parameters field for any 4NT icon (see page 19). Doing so has two advantages. The file will only be started when a primary 4NT shell is started, not under a secondary shell or under 4DOS. Also, you can then use different startup files for different 4NT windows. REXX Support 4DOS for Windows NT supports REXX command files through a built-in interface to Personal REXX for Windows NT. REXX is a a powerful file and text processing language developed by IBM, and available on many PC and other platforms. Personal REXX for Windows NT is a REXX interpreter sold by Quercus Systems of Saratoga, CA, USA. You must have Quercus' Personal REXX for Windows NT product on your system to enable 4DOS/NT's REXX support. Personal REXX files have a .REX extension, and 4NT can also run REXX files with a .CMD extension. Regardless of the extension, the first two characters in the file must be /*, which indicate the beginning of a REXX comment. 4NT checks to see if the first two characters on the first line of a .REX or .CMD file are /*. If so, it invokes Personal REXX for Windows NT and passes it the batch file name. Any commands in the file that are not recognized by REXX will be sent to 4NT for execution. This allows you to embed any valid 4NT command (including internal commands and aliases) within a REXX file which is started from 4NT. You can also force REXX to pass commands to 4NT by enclosing those commands in single quotation marks. For more information on REXX see your Personal REXX for Windows NT documentation. ___________________________________________________________________ Copyright 1993, JP Software Inc. 4DOS for Windows NT / 17 CHAPTER 3 / USING 4DOS for Windows NT ___________________________________________________________________ EXTPROC Support 4DOS for Windows NT offers an external processor (EXTPROC) option for batch files that lets you define an external program to process a particular .CMD file. To identify a .CMD file to be used with an external processor, place the string "EXTPROC" as the first word on the first line of the file followed by the name of the external program that should be called. 4NT will start the program and pass it the name of the .CMD file and any command line arguments that were entered. If you don't specify a pathname for the external processor, 4NT will look in the current directory and then in each directory in the PATH. 4NT will start the external processor and wait for it to finish. For example, suppose GETDATA.CMD contains the following lines: EXTPROC D:\DATAACQ\DATALOAD.EXE OPEN PORT1 READ 4000 DISKWRITE D:\DATAACQ\PORT1\RAW Then if you entered the command: [d:\dataacq] getdata p17 4NT would read the GETDATA.CMD file, determine that it began with an EXTPROC command, read the name of the processor program, and then execute the command: D:\DATAACQ\DATALOAD.EXE D:\DATAACQ\GETDATA.CMD p17 The hypothetical DATALOAD.EXE program would then be responsible for reopening the GETDATA.CMD file, ignoring the EXTPROC line at the start, and interpreting the other instructions in the file. It would also have to respond appropriately to the command line parameter entered (p17). Do not try to run 4NT as an external processor with EXTPROC. 4NT and will interpret the EXTPROC line as a command to re- open itself. The result will be an infinite loop that will continue until the computer runs out of resources and locks up. ___________________________________________________________________ Copyright 1993, JP Software Inc. 4DOS for Windows NT / 18 CHAPTER 4 / CONFIGURATION AND TUNING ___________________________________________________________________ CHAPTER 4 / CONFIGURATION AND TUNING 4DOS for Windows NT can be configured in three different ways: with command-line options, through its initialization file, and via the SETDOS command. The SETDOS command is described on page 35 of this manual, and in the 4DOS Reference Manual. Command line options and the initialization file are described in this chapter. Creating and Configuring Icons You can create as many 4DOS/NT icons as you wish on the Windows NT desktop. Different icons can be used to start 4NT in different modes, with different startup commands or options, or to run different batch files or other commands. You can use these icons to run commonly-used commands and batch files directly from the Windows NT desktop. Each icon represents a different 4DOS/NT window. You can also set any necessary command line parameters for 4NT such as a command to be executed, any desired switches, and the name and path for 4NT.INI. More information on command line switches and options for 4NT, and on 4NT.INI, is included later in this section. For general information on creating and configuring icons, see your Windows NT documentation. See page 5 of this manual for an example of how to create a new icon for 4NT on your Windows desktop. When you configure a 4NT icon, place command line parameters that you want passed to 4NT (e.g., @ininame) into the Parameters field for the icon. To run a startup batch file for a particular 4DOS/NT window, include its name (with a path, if the batch file is not in the window's startup directory) as the last item in the Command Line field. That batch file will be executed after any 4START file but before the first prompt is displayed. You can use the batch file to set environment variables and execute any other 4NT commands. You can also execute any internal 4NT command, external command, or alias by placing its name in the Parameters field. When you set up a batch file or other command to run in this way you are using the command option (see below). ___________________________________________________________________ Copyright 1993, JP Software Inc. 4DOS for Windows NT / 19 CHAPTER 4 / CONFIGURATION AND TUNING ___________________________________________________________________ To execute an internal or external command, an alias, or a batch file and then exit (return to the desktop) when it is done, place /C command (rather than just command) as the last item in the Parameters field. Command Line Options The 4NT command line does not need to contain any information. When invoked with an empty command line, 4NT will configure itself from the 4NT.INI file, run 4START, and then display a prompt and wait for you to type a command. However, you may add information to the 4NT command line that will affect the way it operates. Command line options for primary shells are set in the Command Line field of the 4NT icon. Command line options for secondary shells can be set using 4NT.INI directives, or typed on the command line itself following the program name if the shell is started from a prompt. 4NT recognizes six optional fields on the command line. If you use more than one of these fields, their order is important. The syntax for these options is (all options go on one line): [d:\path] [@d:\path\inifile] [//iniline]... [/C | /K] [command] In this syntax statement, items in square brackets are optional. The //iniline option may be repeated. In the descriptions below, d: means a drive letter and \path means a subdirectory name. d:\path 4NT will use this directory and path to set the COMSPEC environment variable for this window. If this option is not used, COMSPEC is set from the location of 4NT.EXE. Since 4NT always knows what drive and directory it was started from, there is little reason to use this option. It is included only for compatibility with Windows NT's default shell program, CMD.EXE. This option cannot be used for secondary shells. @d:\path\inifile This option sets the path and name of the 4NT.INI file, which is discussed below. You do not need this option if you aren't using a 4NT.INI file, ___________________________________________________________________ Copyright 1993, JP Software Inc. 4DOS for Windows NT / 20 CHAPTER 4 / CONFIGURATION AND TUNING ___________________________________________________________________ or if the file is named 4NT.INI and is in the same directory as 4NT.EXE or in the root directory of the boot drive. This option is most useful if you want to start a 4DOS/NT window with a specific and unique INI file. //iniline This option tells 4NT to treat the text appearing between the // and the next space or tab as a 4NT.INI directive (see below for a discussion of 4NT.INI). The directive should be in the same format as a line in 4NT.INI, but it may not contain spaces, tabs, or comments. This option overrides any corresponding directive in your 4NT.INI file. This option is a convenient way to send 4NT one or two simple directives without modifying or creating a new 4NT.INI file. [/C | /K] command This option tells 4NT to run a command when it starts. The command will be run after 4START has been executed and before any command prompt is displayed. It can be any valid internal or external command, batch file, or alias, and you may include multiple commands by using the command separator. All other startup options must be placed before the command, because 4NT will treat characters after the command as part of the command and not as additional startup options. When the command is preceded by a /C, 4NT will execute the command and then exit and return to the parent program or the Windows NT desktop, without displaying a prompt. The /K switch has no effect; using it is the same as placing the command (without a /C or /K) at the end of the startup command line. It is included only for compatibility with CMD.EXE. Using 4NT.INI 4DOS for Windows NT uses a file of initialization information called the 4NT.INI file. You can add to and edit this file with any ASCII text editor to set 4DOS/NT options and alter the way that 4NT works. Most of this section explains the options available through 4NT.INI. You only need to include entries in 4NT.INI for any settings that you want to change ___________________________________________________________________ Copyright 1993, JP Software Inc. 4DOS for Windows NT / 21 CHAPTER 4 / CONFIGURATION AND TUNING ___________________________________________________________________ from their default values. If you are happy with all of the default values, you don't need a 4NT.INI file at all. Some settings in 4NT.INI are initialized when you install 4DOS/NT, so you may have a 4NT.INI file even if you didn't create one yourself. You should not delete this file unless you've checked carefully to be sure that you don't need any of the settings the initialization program put there. In general, the 4NT.INI file works the same as the 4DOS.INI file described in the 4DOS Reference Manual. The following paragraphs only describe the differences between the two files and the way they are processed. The following directives are new in 4DOS/NT, and are not available in 4DOS: LocalAliases = Yes | NO: Normally, 4NT shares one alias list among all active 4NT windows. "Yes" forces 4NT to use a local alias list for the affected window(s) instead of a shared global list. LocalHistory = Yes | NO: Normally, 4NT shares one history list among all active 4NT windows. "Yes" forces 4NT to use a local history list for the affected windows(s) instead of a shared global list. WindowState = STANDARD | Maximize | Minimize: Sets the state of the 4NT window. "Standard" leaves the window where Windows NT puts it and is the default. "Maximize" maximizes the window; "Minimize" minimizes it. The following 4DOS.INI directives may not be used in a 4NT.INI file. These directives are specific to 4DOS, or to DOS or features or limitations that do not exist in Windows NT: Alias FullINT2E StackSize ANSI HelpOptions Swapping AutoExecPath HelpPath SwapReopen DiskReset LineInput UMBEnvironment DVCleanup MessageServer UMBLoad EnvFree NetwareNames UniqueSwapName Environment Reduce FineSwap ReserveTPA ___________________________________________________________________ Copyright 1993, JP Software Inc. 4DOS for Windows NT / 22 CHAPTER 5 / COMMAND REFERENCE GUIDE ___________________________________________________________________ CHAPTER 5 / COMMAND REFERENCE GUIDE This chapter provides information about commands that are new in 4DOS for Windows NT, and commands which differ from 4DOS. For a complete reference to 4DOS and 4DOS/NT commands see Chapter 8 in the 4DOS Reference Manual. The following 4DOS/NT commands do not exist in 4DOS: DETACH starts an Windows NT program in detached mode. DPATH sets the search path for data files. KEYS enables, disables, or displays the history list. START starts a program in a new window. TITLE changes the window title. WINDOW minimizes, maximizes, or restores the 4NT window, or changes the window title. The following commands have different options in 4DOS/NT than they do in 4DOS. For details on all 4DOS/NT commands, see the online help. ALIAS /R and SET /R support line continuation in 4NT. To continue a line, end the line with the 4NT escape character. COPY, DEL, GLOBAL, MOVE, and REN support a new "R(est)" response to the prompt options. Entering "R" will process all remaining files and directories without further prompting. DIR can display directories NTFS and HPFS formats, and has some additional options and changes to the description display. See page 26 for more details. ESET, SET, and UNSET do not have a /M(aster environment) option in 4NT. INPUT has two new switches. /E allows editing of the previous value in the variable. If /E is used and the variable does not exist, INPUT behaves just as it would without /E. /Ln specifies the maximum input length (e.g. /L40 limits input to 40 characters). ___________________________________________________________________ Copyright 1993, JP Software Inc. 4DOS for Windows NT / 23 CHAPTER 5 / COMMAND REFERENCE GUIDE ___________________________________________________________________ MD / MKDIR has a new option: /S builds the full path even if parts of it don't exist. RD / RMDIR has a new option: /S deletes all files and subdirectories before removing the named subdirectory. Use /S with caution! This is equivalent to DEL /QSXZ. SETDOS does not have the ANSI and Line Input options that are available in 4DOS. The new commands and the changes to DIR, HELP, and SETDOS are described in detail on the following pages. The following 4DOS commands are not available in 4DOS/NT, because they perform functions that are not meaningful and/or feasible under Windows NT: BREAK LOADHIGH / LH CTTY SWAPPING KEYSTACK TRUENAME ___________________________________________________________________ Copyright 1993, JP Software Inc. 4DOS for Windows NT / 24 CHAPTER 5 / COMMAND REFERENCE GUIDE / DETACH ___________________________________________________________________ DETACH (Compatible) Purpose: Start an Windows NT program in detached mode. Format: DETACH command command: the name of a command to execute, including an optional drive and path specification. The name must be enclosed in quotation marks if it contains a space. See also: START Usage: When you start a program with DETACH, that program cannot use the keyboard, mouse, or video display. It is "detached" from the normal means of user input and output. However, you can redirect the program's standard I/O to other devices if necessary, using the 4DOS/NT redirection symbols. The command can be an internal command, external command, alias, or batch file. 4NT always detaches a copy of itself to execute the command. For example, the following command will detach a copy of 4NT to run the batch file XYZ.BTM: [c:\] detach xyz.btm Once the program has started, 4NT returns to the prompt immediately. It does not wait for a detached program to finish. ___________________________________________________________________ Copyright 1993, JP Software Inc. 4DOS for Windows NT / 25 CHAPTER 5 / COMMAND REFERENCE GUIDE / DIR ___________________________________________________________________ DIR (Enhanced) Purpose: Display information about files and subdirectories. Format: DIR [/1 /2 /4 /A[[:]-rhsda] /B /C /F /J /K /L /M /N /O[[:][-]deginsu] /P /S /T[:acw] /U /V /W /Z] [file...] file: The file, directory, or list of files or directories to display. /1 (one column) /M (suppress footer) /2 (two columns) /N (use HPFS format) /4 (four columns) /O (sort order ) /A(ttribute select) /P(ause) /B(are) /S(ubdirectories) /C(ase -- upper case) /T (aTtributes or Time) /F(ull path) /U (sUmmary information) /J(ustify names) /V(ertical) /K (suppress header) /W(ide) /L(ower case) /X (display short & long names) /Z (use FAT format) Usage: The DIR command is the same in 4DOS/NT and 4DOS, except that the /N option has a new meaning and the /T:acw and /Z options have been added. The 4DOS /N option, which resets DIR to default values, has no equivalent in 4NT. In 4NT, DIR can display the directory in either the Windows NT File System (NTFS), the OS/2 high performance file system (HPFS) or traditional DOS- compatible FAT format 4NT's DIR can also display descriptions up to 200 characters long, with word wrap. Options: /N: Display the directory in NTFS or HPFS format. /T:acw Specify which of the date and time fields on NTFS and HPFS drives should be displayed and used for sorting: A - last access time C - creation time W - last write time /X: Display both the short (8.3) and long filenames on an NTFS drive. ___________________________________________________________________ Copyright 1993, JP Software Inc. 4DOS for Windows NT / 26 CHAPTER 5 / COMMAND REFERENCE GUIDE / DIR ___________________________________________________________________ /Z: Display the directory in DOS-compatible FAT format. Long names on NTFS and HPFS drives will be truncated to 11 characters. The name will be followed by a solid right arrow symbol to show that one or more characters have been truncated. ___________________________________________________________________ Copyright 1993, JP Software Inc. 4DOS for Windows NT / 27 CHAPTER 5 / COMMAND REFERENCE GUIDE / DPATH ___________________________________________________________________ DPATH (Compatible) Purpose: Specify the subdirectories which applications will search to find files that are not in the current directory. Format: DPATH [directory[;directory...]] directory: The full name of a directory to include in the DPATH (data path) setting. See also: PATH, SET, and ESET in the 4DOS Reference Manual. Usage: When most Windows NT applications try to open a data file, they look for the file in the current directory first. If they fail to find the file there, they search each of the directories in the DPATH setting in the order that they are included. 4DOS/NT internal commands like TYPE do not search the DPATH directories for files. For example, the following DPATH command directs applications to look for files in the following order: the current directory, the INIT directory on C, and the CONFIG directory on D: [c:\] dpath c:\init;d:\config The listing of directories to be searched can be set or viewed with the DPATH command. The list is stored as an environment string with the variable name DPATH, and can also be set or viewed with the SET command and edited with the ESET command. Directory names in the DPATH must be separated with semicolons [;]. 4NT will not shift directory names in the DPATH to upper case as it does with those in the PATH setting. If you want the names in the DPATH to be in upper case you must enter them that way. If you enter DPATH with no parameters, 4NT displays the current DPATH search list. ___________________________________________________________________ Copyright 1993, JP Software Inc. 4DOS for Windows NT / 28 CHAPTER 5 / COMMAND REFERENCE GUIDE / KEYS ___________________________________________________________________ KEYS (Enhanced) Purpose: Enable, disable, or display the history list. Format: KEYS [ON | OFF | LIST] See also: HISTORY in the 4DOS Reference Manual. Usage: This command emulates the CMD.EXE KEYS command, which controls the history list. It is provided for compatibility with CMD.EXE. The same functions are available by setting the HistMin directive in 4NT.INI and by using the HISTORY command in 4NT. The history list collects the commands you type for later recall, editing, and viewing. You can view the contents of the list through the history list window or by typing any of the following commands: [c:\] history [c:\] history /p [c:\] keys list The first command displays the entire history list. The second displays the entire list and pauses at the end of each full screen. The third command produces the same output as the first, except that each line is numbered. You can disable the collection and storage of commands in the history list by typing [c:\] keys off Once the history has been turned off, you can turn it back on by typing [c:\] keys on If you issue the KEYS command without any parameters, 4NT will show you the current status of the history list. ___________________________________________________________________ Copyright 1993, JP Software Inc. 4DOS for Windows NT / 29 CHAPTER 5 / COMMAND REFERENCE GUIDE / SETDOS ___________________________________________________________________ SETDOS (New) Purpose: Display or set the 4DOS/NT configuration. Format: SETDOS [/C? /E? /I+|- command /M? /N? /P? /R? /S?:? /U? /V?] /C(ompound) /P(arameter character) /E(scape character) /R(ows) /I(nternal commands) /S(hape of cursor) /M(ode for editing) /U(pper case) /N(o clobber) /V(erbose) Usage: The SETDOS command is the same in 4DOS/NT as it is in 4DOS, except that two of the optional parameters are not available in 4DOS/NT and their values are not reported. The /A(NSI) option and the ANSI directive in 4NT.INI are not available because Windows NT does not support ANSI screen attributes. The /L(ine) option and the LineInput INI file directive are not available because the "line input" capability is not required for compatibility with Windows NT applications, as it may be under DOS. In all other respects, the commands are the same. See the 4DOS Reference Manual for a full description of SETDOS. ___________________________________________________________________ Copyright 1993, JP Software Inc. 4DOS for Windows NT / 30 CHAPTER 5 / COMMAND REFERENCE GUIDE / START ___________________________________________________________________ START (Enhanced) Purpose: Start a program in another window. Format: START ["program title"] [/B /C /Dpath /HIGH /I /INV /K /L /LA /LH /LOW /MAX /MIN /NORMAL /PGM progname /POS=row,col,width,height /REALTIME /SIZE=rows,cols /WAIT] [command] program title: Title to appear on title bar path: Startup directory progname: Program name command: Command to be executed /B (no new console) /LH (local history list) /C(lose when done) /MAX(imized) /D(irectory) /MIN(inimized) (program name) /HIGH (priority) /NORMAL (priority) /I(nherit environment) /PGM (program name) /INV(isible) /POS(ition of window) /K(eep when done) /REALTIME (priority) /L(ocal lists) /SIZE (of screen buffer) /LA (local aliases) /WAIT /LOW (priority) See also: DETACH in this manual. Usage: START is used to begin a new window and, optionally, to run a program in that window. If you use START with no parameters, it will start a new 4DOS/NT window. If you add a command, START will open a new window and execute the command that you have specified. The program title, if it is included, will appear on the title bar. The program title must be enclosed in quotation marks and cannot exceed 127 characters in length. If the program title is omitted, the program name will be used as the window title. Options: /B: Don't create a new window and console. /C(lose): The window is started using 4NT.EXE and is closed when the application ends. /D(irectory): Specifies the startup directory. /HIGH: Start as high priority. ___________________________________________________________________ Copyright 1993, JP Software Inc. 4DOS for Windows NT / 31 CHAPTER 5 / COMMAND REFERENCE GUIDE / START ___________________________________________________________________ /I(nherit environment): Inherit the original environment passed to 4NT rather than the current environment. /INV(isible): Start the window hidden. /K(eep window at end): The program is run using 4NT.EXE, and the 4NT window remains after the application program ends. Use the EXIT command to close the window. /L(ocal lists): Start 4NT.EXE with local alias and history lists. This option combines the effects of /LA and /LH. /LA (Local Alias list): Start 4NT.EXE with a local alias list. If you don't use this option, the new copy of 4NT will share the alias list of the current 4NT shell, unless a LocalAliases=No directive is used in 4NT.INI or on the command line. /LH (Local History list): Start 4NT.EXE with a local history list. If you don't use this option, the new copy of 4NT will share the history list of the current 4NT shell, unless a LocalHistory=No directive is used in 4NT.INI or on the command line. /LOW: Start as low priority. /MAX(imized): Start the window maximized. /MIN(imized): Start the window minimized. /NORMAL: Start as normal priority. /PGM (ProGraM name): The string following this option is the program name. The first quoted string on the line will be used as the window title only, and not as the program name. /POS(ition): Start the window at the specified screen position. The full syntax is /POS=row, col, width, height where the row and column are specified in pixels from the bottom left corner of the window, and width and height are specified in characters. /REALTIME: Start as realtime priority. ___________________________________________________________________ Copyright 1993, JP Software Inc. 4DOS for Windows NT / 32 CHAPTER 5 / COMMAND REFERENCE GUIDE / START ___________________________________________________________________ /SIZE: Specify the screen buffer size in row and columns. The full syntax is /SIZE=rows, cols. /WAIT: Wait for the program to finish before returning to the prompt. This is similar to running a program directly from the prompt (without START), but allows you to use options like /MAX or /POS, which are not available when a program is run directly. ___________________________________________________________________ Copyright 1993, JP Software Inc. 4DOS for Windows NT / 33 CHAPTER 5 / COMMAND REFERENCE GUIDE / TITLE ___________________________________________________________________ TITLE (Compatible) Purpose: Change the window title. Format: TITLE title Usage: TITLE changes the text that appears in the caption bar at the top of the 4DOS/NT window. You can also change the window title with the WINDOW command. ___________________________________________________________________ Copyright 1993, JP Software Inc. 4DOS for Windows NT / 34 CHAPTER 5 / COMMAND REFERENCE GUIDE / WINDOW ___________________________________________________________________ WINDOW (New) Purpose: Minimize, maximize, or restore the default window size, or change the window title. Format: WINDOW max | min | restore | "title" Usage: If you specify a new title, the title text must be enclosed in double quotes. The quotes will not appear as part of the title text. Options: max: Maximize the window. min: Minimize the window. restore: Restore the window to its default size. "title": Set the window title to the specified text. ___________________________________________________________________ Copyright 1993, JP Software Inc. 4DOS for Windows NT / 35