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- Microsoft Backgrounder: Microsoft Visual Basic, May 1991
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- Introduction
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- The Microsoft Windows graphical environment offers many benefits to
- end users -- ease of use, user interface consistency, inter-
- application integration -- but poses new challenges for programmers.
- Writing Windows applications poses a challenge to programmers because
- the available development tools lack the very combination of
- functionality and ease of use that the applications themselves
- feature.
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- Tools for Developing Graphical Applications
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- Microsoft Windows applications make doing powerful things easy. The
- Microsoft Visual Basic programming system creates applications that
- tap into such Windows functionality as rich forms and controls, pull-
- down menus, graphics and animation, dynamic data exchange (DDE) and
- multi-tasking. These are difficult for Windows programmers using
- traditional tools to develop, but very easy to achieve in the
- Microsoft Visual Basic programming system. In general, software
- development tools have resided at either end of a spectrum, and each
- extreme forced developers to make tradeoffs. High-level tools allow
- faster development, which is paid for in reduced flexibility and
- control and greater runtime overhead. Low-level tools provide better
- control and less overhead, but require more programming skill. Thus,
- choosing a tool often involves making an undesirable compromise.
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- Microsoft Visual Basic: Real Windows Applications Really Fast
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- Microsoft Visual Basic programming system is a general-purpose
- graphical application development system for the Microsoft Windows
- environment that bridges the extremes of the tool spectrum described
- above. The Visual Basic system addresses the need for a Windows
- programming solution that is both serious and easy to use. It is
- specifically designed to accelerate Windows version 3.0 development by
- harnessing the power of the graphical environment to make mainstream
- programmers more productive. Visual Basic helps programmers create
- real Windows applications real fast. Extremely easy to use, it is the
- ultimate productivity tool.
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- Visual Basic Key Features
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- The following is a description of the key features of the Microsoft
- Visual Basic programming system.
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- Visual Design Tools for the User Interface
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- The Visual Basic system offers rich design tools that enable the
- visual components of an application to be designed with drawing tools.
- No code is required to create graphical user interfaces. Programs are
- designed, created and run within the target Windows environment.
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- With Visual Basic programming system, windows and dialog boxes are
- designed visually by selecting a tool from the Toolbox of controls and
- then placing and sizing them on a form. All the Windows controls are
- included in the Toolbox: command buttons, option buttons, check boxes,
- simple and drop-down list boxes and combo boxes, text fields, labels
- (static text), pictures (that can display icons, bitmaps, Windows
- metafiles and programmatic graphics), Frame (to visually and
- functionally group controls), Timer (that responds to the system
- clock), scroll bars, and file system controls (drives, directory and
- file list boxes). These controls have the appearance and behavior of
- Windows controls such as three-dimensional command buttons that push
- in and out, scroll bars that scroll, and edit fields that accept text
- input and support cutting and pasting without writing any code.
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- Visual design tools are also used to set the attributes of a form's
- appearance and behavior, from within the Visual Basic environment. The
- Property Bar provides a list of available properties for each type of
- control. A color palette offers a visual way to assign color
- properties. Menus, complete with access keys and accelerators, are
- created in outlining fashion in a menu design window. A project or
- application can include many forms.
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- A Structured, Powerful Programming Language
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- The Visual Basic language is a powerful, structured, general-purpose
- programming language. It is a derivative of the Microsoft QuickBasic
- modern programming system. Visual Basic language offers all the modern
- programming structures such as Subs and Functions, Block
- If...Then...Else..., Select Case, Do While/Until, For/Next and error
- trapping with an easy-to-learn syntax.
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- An Event-Driven Programming Model
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- The Visual Basic system introduces a high-level, event-driven
- programming model that is especially suited for programming in a
- graphical environment. Events such as mouse clicks and key presses are
- automatically detected and processed by the system. The Visual Basic
- programmer doesn't need to deal with event trapping or Windows message
- dispatching and can simply tell the Visual Basic application how to
- respond to a specific recognized event on a particular form or
- control. The Visual Basic system's visual design tools, combined with
- its event-driven nature, free the programmer to think of how the
- application should look and behave, instead of having to concentrate
- on lower-level system events or coding the user interface.
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- A Fast, Responsive Coding and Debugging Environment
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- The Microsoft Visual Basic programming system's combination of an
- intuitive front-end building tool with an easy-to-learn programming
- language creates a highly productive development environment.
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- Further productivity is realized by the system's threaded p-code
- incremental compiler, a technology first introduced in Microsoft
- QuickBasic programming system version 4.0 in 1987. Each line of code
- is automatically parsed and incrementally compiled as soon as it is
- typed in. Syntax errors are trapped immediately, alerting the
- programmer to any syntax problem. The incremental compilation allows a
- very fast transition from Design mode to Run mode. Break mode is also
- available when the program encounters a runtime error or a breakpoint
- in the code. The programmer can then single-step or procedure-step
- through the application. The programmer also can set the next
- statement to be executed anywhere within a procedure. An Immediate
- window lets the programmer interact with the application while it is
- temporarily suspended in the running state. The programmer can check
- or even change the value of a variable, or enter any valid line of
- code, which is directly executed without affecting the source code.
- The programmer can then copy code entered in the Immediate window to
- the Code window, to be included in the program's source code. This
- revolutionary technology, first introduced in Microsoft QuickBasic
- system version 4.0, is the threaded p-code incremental compiler.
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- For additional productivity, help is readily available in both online
- and printed form. A detailed computer-based tutorial gets the user up
- and running fast, and manuals (Programmer's Guide and Language
- Reference) provide further training and reference materials. Context-
- sensitive online Help provides readily available reference information
- on the programming language and environment. Code examples from Help
- can be copied and pasted to an application's source listing.
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- The Ability to Create Real Windows .EXE Files
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- When a program is designed, coded, debugged and fully functional, the
- programmer simply chooses Make EXE File from the File menu to create
- an .EXE file that can be freely distributed, without any royalties or
- runtime fees. .EXE files can have all the features generally
- associated with Microsoft Windows programs, such as multiple windows,
- pull-down menus, standard controls (command buttons, text fields,
- option button), graphics and icons, drag-and-drop and DDE.
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- Interoperability and Extensibility
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- Microsoft Visual Basic programming system gives programmers access to
- DDE and dynamic link libraries (DLLs) for interoperability and
- extensibility with other applications. Inter-application communication
- and integration is available via DDE. Visual Basic applications can be
- DDE clients, servers or both. The environment offers high-level DDE
- (paste-link) as well as programmable DDE in the language. Visual Basic
- environment includes a rich set of DDE events (LinkOpen, LinkClose,
- LinkExecute, LinkError), properties (LinkMode, LinkTopic, LinkItem,
- LinkTimeout), and methods (LinkExecute, LinkPoke, LinkRequest,
- LinkSend).
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- Visual Basic programmers can access external routines in DLLs,
- including directly calling the Windows API (applications programming
- interface). This is accomplished with a very straightforward syntax. A
- one-line Function or Sub Declaration is all that is required to use an
- external DLL routine as though it were built into the Visual Basic
- system's language.
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- Users can gain powerful additional functionality by extending the
- Microsoft Visual Basic development environment with custom controls.
- Microsoft has separately announced the Visual Basic Control
- Development Kit, which allows Windows developers to create extensions
- to the Visual Basic system. Custom controls can have predefined
- properties and events and some built-in functionality, just like the
- standard controls in the Visual Basic Toolbox. A Visual Basic
- programmer can load a custom control into a project, then assign
- properties and write code for it just as though it were a built-in
- control. Custom controls, like the standard ones, can trap events and
- call the appropriate event procedures written in Visual Basic
- language. This mechanism allows the Visual Basic environment to be
- extended in many different ways, providing custom user-interface
- components and specialized functionality such as multimedia, data
- access or communications capabilities.
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- Visual Basic For High Productivity
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- Visual Basic programming system is designed to make Windows
- application developers more productive regardless of skill level or
- application complexity. Its tightly integrated graphical development
- environment helps move applications from concept to executable code in
- the shortest possible time.
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- The Visual Basic User
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- Users of the Microsoft Visual Basic system have the common task of
- creating Windows applications, although they come to it with different
- backgrounds and skills. They are professional programmers working with
- small ISVs, VARs and system integrators; part-time programmers,
- including engineers, scientists, analysts and educators; corporate
- development staff and MIS professionals; and general PC "power users"
- who want to create their own Windows applications. Visual Basic system
- doesn't require programming experience, but it is helpful if the user
- is familiar with general programming concepts. Anyone who has written
- a macro or batch file, or has programmed in any high-level language,
- can be productive very quickly with Microsoft Visual Basic. Using the
- Visual Basic system, programmers can carry out a variety of tasks,
- including writing standalone GUI applications; integrating
- applications; developing application front ends, utilities or tools,
- and graphical display-oriented programs; and prototyping.
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- Summary
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- As Microsoft Windows grows in popularity, development environments are
- naturally evolving toward graphical hosts, allowing programmers to
- realize the productivity benefits of the graphical user interface.
- Microsoft visual Basic programming system is a low-cost (under $200
- U.S. suggested retail price) Microsoft Windows-hosted and targeted
- development tool that uses an event-driven programming model. It
- offers high-level visual design tools to help programmers develop
- interfaces.
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- A graphical tool for graphical systems, the Visual Basic programming
- system provides a simple solution to the otherwise complex task of
- creating and integrating real Windows applications. It is the only
- general-purpose, high-productivity programming system for the
- Microsoft Windows environment.
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