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- MECHANICAL A-B SWITCH BOXES AND THE HP LASERJET
-
- by Jim Baker and Emerald Jones (UCLA PC Users Group)
-
- Oops! Your Hewlett-Packard LaserJet breaks. If a specific
- set of chips has been fried (the input circuitry), you are stuck
- with a big repair bill. Hewlett-Packard will *not* honor a
- warranty if your Laser-Jet printer has been operated from an A-B
- mechanical switch box.
- That's because the mechanical switch boxes have a habit of
- frying some circuits, and besides, the Hewlett-Packard
- documentation contains a caveat warning people to use only
- electronic switch boxes with these printers. Hewlett-Packard
- recommends you use an electronic switch box, which, because of
- its internal wiring, doesn't endanger Hewlett-Packard's input
- circuitry.
- The threat to input circuitry on any peripheral exists when
- a mechanical box is used to switch between the peripherals.
- Hewlett-Packards are known to be sensitive to this condition.
- Comparable difficulties have been reported on Okidata printers
- and surely affect others.
- Note that the equipment is at risk regardless of whether the
- connectors are serial or parallel, 25-pin or 36-pin, regardless
- of which type of mechanical switch box you are using.
- Scenario: Two printers are attached to one computer through
- an A-B mechanical switch box. One is a Hewlett-Packard LaserJet,
- and the other is a conventional dot matrix. The operator works
- on the computer, using the switch box to change between one
- printer and the other. All equipment is turned on all the time.
- When either printer is used, the signal (or logic) ground to
- the other is disconnected. In other words, when the dot matrix
- printer is being used, the signal ground between the LaserJet
- printer and the A-B box is interrupted. Since it has its own
- power source, the LaserJet's internal logic ground level settles
- to a slightly different level than when it is connected through
- the box.
- When the box is switched to connect the LaserJet printer, if
- the power happens to go to the signal pin first, the LaserJet
- input chips and circuitry must absorb the energy required to
- equalize the levels. These chips cannot handle the transient
- energy and are stressed. The damage is cumulative and may
- eventually destroy the chips.
- Whether the power goes to the signal pin first or the ground
- is a function of the switch box. Usually it is random. To
- determine if there is a power-switching hierarchy requires
- looking at the power switching with an oscilloscope. Not a
- realistic choice for many people.
- Note that turning off the LaserJet printer when it's not
- being used, and not changing the A-B switch box position when it
- is plugged in will not necessarily isolate the printer from all
- surges. This is because EMI filters on the computer connected to
- the printer can bleed into the printer's input circuitry. It is
- possible for the computer ground to pass voltage from the
- computer (on) to the printer (off).
- To eliminate the hazard, make both the signal ground and the
- shield (chassis) ground contiguous between the printer connectors
- to the computer connector within the switch box, regardless of
- which unit is operating.
- 1. Connect a wire in the box to make the signal ground
- circuitry contiguous from connector to connector within the
- switch box.
- 2. Also make sure that the shield ground (carried by the
- cables) is good from one printer through the box to the other
- printer. Tighten all screws connecting the cables and check
- continuity with an ohmmeter.
- Another option: Use an electronic A-B switch box. For
- design reasons, the logic ground in these boxes remains intact
- regardless of which printer is on-line. The "newer cheap ones"
- are about $100.
- The following describes the pins to be wired, depending on
- the connector type. It involves soldering between the pins
- within the box. ***Do not attempt to do this unless you have
- some experience soldering electronic components.***
- While it's fairly simple, it should not be attempted by the
- novice. For one thing, should you do it incorrectly, you
- jeopardize some expensive equipment. While every effort has been
- made to clearly describe this procedure, if you attempt it and
- damage your equipment, the authors of this piece cannot be
- responsible.
- Mechanical boxes come in two different types: those with
- 25-pin "DB" connectors (either parallel or serial) and those with
- 36-pin Centronics (parallel only) connectors. In effect a "Y"
- structure, the box has a connector for the computer and, in our
- A-B example, two connectors for the printers.
- Solder a minimum length of insulated wire from any one of
- the pins on the computer connector to the corresponding pins on
- the printer connectors, I.e., pin 19 to pin 19. On the serial
- connector, all pins to pin 7. Then check your work with an
- ohmmeter. This will ensure that the signal ground is contiguous,
- regardless of which unit is connected.
- Appropriate Pins: any one of the pins noted is appropriate
- to use with standard cables.
- 25-Pin Parallel wiring: Signal ground pins = 18 through 25;
- use only one of the eight pins available.
- 25-Pin Serial wiring: The signal ground pin (ANSI standard)
- is pin 7; the shield ground is pin 1.
- 36-Pin Centronics parallel wiring: Signal ground pins = 19
- through 30; use only one of the 12 pins available.
- NOTE: Once you've hardwired the grounds on the boxes that
- have 25 pins, you have, in effect, converted the box to either a
- parallel or serial box. Once it is so wired, you may not use a
- box converted to parallel with a serial hook-up and vice versa.
- Label the box clearly, so that no one can use it incorrectly.
-
- (Jim Baker is proprietor of Computer Repair Center, Woodland
- Hills, CA, where he repairs computers and peripherals. Emerald
- Jones repairs writing from Newbury Park, CA.)
-
- [I found this article in the September and October 1988
- issues of the Pasadena IBM Users Group newsletter "Prompt>," but
- it was apparently copied from the UCLA PC Users Group
- newsletter.]