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4 P R I N T 4 P R I N T Hewlett-Packard LaserJet Multiple ASCII File Printing Utility Version 3.20 U S E R ' S G U I D E U S E R ' S G U I D E ┌─────────┐ ┌─────┴───┐ │ (tm) ──│ │o │────────────────── │ ┌─────┴╨──┐ │ Association of │ │ │─┘ Shareware └───│ o │ Professionals ──────│ ║ │──────────────────── └────╨────┘ MEMBER Copyright (C) 1987, 1988, 1989 Korenthal Associates, Inc. 230 West 13th Street New York, New York 10011 Tel: (212) 242-1790 FAX: (212) 242-2599 All Rights Reserved 4PRINT 3.20 ORDER FORM 4PRINT 3.20 ORDER FORM Remit to: Korenthal Associates, Inc. Tel: (212) 242-1790 230 West 13th Street FAX: (212) 242-2599 New York, New York 10011 CIS: [76004,2605] Attention: Customer Service ____ 4PRINT Registered Package @ $39.95 per copy ________ (includes disk, 4FOLD, KAZAP, manual, support) New York residents add applicable sales tax: Tax ________ Shipping and handling, US/Canada: $4 per copy All other countries: $8 per copy S+H ________ Total $ ________ Disk format: ( ) 5.25" acceptable ( ) 3.5" required Payment by: ( ) Check ( ) MC ( ) Visa ( ) PO # ___________ Card #: _______________________________ Exp. Date: _____________ Signature of card holder: _______________________________________ Name: ________________________________ Title: ________________ Company: ________________________________________________________ Address: ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ Day Phone: _____________________ Evening: _____________________ Where did you learn about 4PRINT or obtain your trial copy? (If from a BBS, name and phone #; If from CIS, forum name.) _________________________________________________________________ Do you have any comments or suggestions to improve 4PRINT? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 4PRINT SHAREWARE INFORMATION 4PRINT SHAREWARE INFORMATION 4PRINT is distributed through regular commercial channels, and also on CompuServe and local BBS's as a shareware product. No matter how you obtained the product, we encourage you to freely copy and distribute 4PRINT provided that: 1. No fee beyond normal media, duplication, and shipping costs may be charged. 2. Vendors approved by the Association of Shareware Professionals may distribute 4PRINT, but Korenthal Associates must be supplied with a copy of the first catalog issue offering each new revision (major or minor) of 4PRINT. 3. Other shareware vendors may distribute 4PRINT only with the written permission of Korenthal Associates. In all cases, it must be clearly stated to the purchaser that he or she is receiving an UNREGISTERED copy of a SHAREWARE product and, as above, current catalogs must be sent to Korenthal Associates. 4. The distribution file, 4PRNTnnn.ARC, must be distributed IN ITS ORIGINAL FORM. Specifically, the companion utilities 4FOLD and KAZAP may ABSOLUTELY NOT be distributed. If you received 4PRINT as shareware (i.e., if you didn't pay for it or you bought a disk from a software library), and you use it beyond a two week trial period, you must register the program using the accompanying order form (or the form printed by the program itself). You may also register by phone (212-242-1790) or FAX (212-242-2599) using MasterCard, Visa, or company purchase order. For the $39.95 registration fee, you will receive 4FOLD, a companion utility which allows you to print multiple files one per column with headers on each column instead of one per page, and KAZAP, a utility which allows you to bypass DEBUG and easily set all the 4PRINT default parameters. You will also receive the current version of 4PRINT on disk with complete printed documentation, and will be entitled to phone, mail, and electronic support from Korenthal Associates. Registered users will be notified of significant upgrades to 4PRINT, and will be placed on a mailing list to receive information about future products from Korenthal Associates. 4PRINT must be registered for EACH USER at your site; alternatively, contact Korenthal Associates for current SITE LICENSE information. Korenthal Associates is a member of the Association of Shareware Professionals (ASP). ASP wants to make sure that the shareware principle works for you. If you are unable to resolve a shareware- related problem with an ASP member by contacting the member directly, ASP may be able to help. The ASP Ombudsman can help you resolve a dispute or problem with an ASP member, but does not provide technical support for members' products. Please write to the ASP Ombudsman at P.O. Box 5786, Bellevue, WA 98006 or send a CompuServe message via Easyplex to ASP Ombudsman [70007,3536]. 4PRINT Version 3.20 User's Guide TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ...................................................... 5 PRINTER COMPATIBILITY ............................................. 5 WHAT'S NEW......................................................... 6 QUICK START ....................................................... 6 PAPER SELECTION, CARE, AND FEEDING ................................ 7 4PRINT OPERATION .................................................. 8 THE 4PRINT COMMAND LINE ........................................... 10 THE 4PRINT ENVIRONMENT VARIABLE ................................... 11 SPECIFYING FILES TO PRINT ......................................... 11 USING 4PRINT OPTIONS .............................................. 12 Manual Feed: The -M Switch ...................................... 13 Single-sided Documents: The -S Switch ........................... 13 Unattended Mode: The -U Switch .................................. 13 Quick Printing: The -Q Switch ................................... 14 Numbering Lines: The -N Option .................................. 15 Indenting Lines: The -I Option .................................. 15 IBM-style Binders: The -RI Option ............................... 15 Non-standard Tabs: The -TAB Option .............................. 16 Duplex Printing (LaserJet II-D Support): The -D Switch .......... 16 Multiple Copies: The -X Option .................................. 16 WordStar (tm) Files: The -W Switch .............................. 17 Carriage Returns (Foreign Format Files): The -C Switch .......... 17 Truncating Long Lines: The -T Switch ........................... 18 Frame Styles: The -F<style> Switch .............................. 18 Overriding Title Placement: The -TT, -TB, and -TA Switches ...... 20 Bypassing End Of File Characters: The -Z Switch ................. 20 Selective Printing by Side: The -F, -B, and -R Switches ........ 21 Selective Printing by Page: The -P Option ...................... 21 Outputting to Other Devices or to a File: The -O Option ......... 23 Downloaded Fonts: The -# Option ................................. 23 Full Font Selection: The -[ Option .............................. 24 Proportional Font Support: The -PR Switch ....................... 25 Wide Documents and Spreadsheets: The -WIDE Switch ............... 26 Using the Tiny Internal Font: The -TINY Option .................. 26 Escape Code Processing: The -E Switch ........................... 27 Changing the Default Header: The -H Option ...................... 28 CHANGING 4PRINT'S DEFAULTS ........................................ 31 NETWORK USAGE ..................................................... 34 REVISION HISTORY .................................................. 35 DISCLAIMER ........................................................ 36 Copyright (C) 1989 Korenthal Associates, Inc. Page 4 4PRINT Version 3.20 User's Guide INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION 4PRINT (C) is a multiple ASCII file printing utility for owners of the Hewlett-Packard LaserJet or compatible printer. The program has four main purposes: 1. 4PRINT saves paper by printing title lines plus four 66-line, 80-column pages on a single sheet of paper (front and back). 2. 4PRINT helps analysts, programmers, and documentors by printing spreadsheets, program listings, and documentation which are too wide to fit on a normal page. 3. 4PRINT helps programmers maintain source code by automatically documenting a program listing's file name, date, time, and page count; by allowing four pages (264 lines) of contiguous code to be visible at once in an open three-ring binder; and by printing multiple source files in a single invocation. 4. 4PRINT helps anyone who prints other people's documentation by formatting based on a true 66-line page (the LaserJet normally formats to 60 lines), and by correctly handling tabs, form feeds, end of file characters, backspaces, overstriking, boldfacing, and underlining in the text. WordStar (tm) documents may also be printed directly in 4PRINT. If you purchased 4PRINT from Korenthal Associates or another com- mercial channel, you also received 4FOLD and KAZAP, companion utilities which enhance your enjoyment of 4PRINT. If you are testing 4PRINT through our shareware distribution channel, please note that the registration fee of $39.95 includes 4FOLD, KAZAP, and full documentation and disk in an IBM-sized binder. See the SHAREWARE INFORMATION description accompanying this document. SHAREWARE INFORMATION PRINTER COMPATIBILITY PRINTER COMPATIBILITY 4PRINT may be used successfully with any HP LaserJet or compatible printer equipped with a small, fixed pitch landscape font. These include the Series II (using the internal line printer font), the LaserJet or LaserJet+ with an A, B, C, L, V, Y, or Z font cartridge, or any printer with HP's 33411DA or 33412DA soft font. See the sec- tions describing the -# and -[ options for more detailed information. See the WHAT'S NEW section below for additional printers supported in Version 3, including the HP DeskJet, DeskJet Plus, and LaserJet IID. Copyright (C) 1989 Korenthal Associates, Inc. Page 5 4PRINT Version 3.20 User's Guide WHAT'S NEW WHAT'S NEW Version 3 includes support for many additional HP LaserJet-compatible and close-compatible printers, including the HP DeskJet and DeskJet Plus, the LaserMaster (Ricoh 4081 engine) and Epson GQ3500. In addition, special support has been included for the HP LaserJet IID duplex printer. A4 size paper is also supported for the European market. A shareware Letter Gothic font from Elfring Soft Fonts has been included for those printers which don't have a built-in line printer landscape font (such as the LaserJet+) and for those people who would like to create more attractive printouts. 4PRINT now combines columns to print spreadsheets, documents and program listings up to 165 characters wide. In addition, 4PRINT can automatically download an internal soft font which prints 110 characters across in two columns or 230 characters across in a single column. Limited support for proportional fonts and IBM-style binder creation has been added. In addition, the user can now specify non-standard tab width processing (especially useful for program listings), can ask for multiple copies of any number of documents to be printed in a single run, and can specify program defaults through the 4PRINT environment variable. Version 3.2 also provides an option to add automatic line numbering. A special form of this option numbers each page starting from line one (as required in legal documents, for instance). QUICK START QUICK START If you'd like to try 4PRINT right now, simply type: C>4print -s -h -q 4print.doc (adding path names as necessary) The -s parameter tells 4PRINT to perform single-sided printing (two pages instead of four per sheet of paper). The -h parameter blanks 4PRINT's title line, and -q eliminates the scan pass (see below). You can also take the "What? Me worry?" approach. Type 4PRINT alone to get a help screen describing the 4PRINT command line and most parameters. But DON'T REDIRECT 4PRINT'S OUTPUT by typing something DON'T REDIRECT 4PRINT'S OUTPUT like 4PRINT >PRN! If you want a quick printout of the help screen, do a Print Screen after the help screen is displayed. Copyright (C) 1989 Korenthal Associates, Inc. Page 6 4PRINT Version 3.20 User's Guide PAPER SELECTION, CARE, AND FEEDING PAPER SELECTION, CARE, AND FEEDING 4PRINT was originally designed as an in-house programmer's utility, to save paper and maximize the amount of source code visible in a minimal amount of desk space. Since program listings comprise the bulk of Korenthal Associates' hard copy needs, we generally load our HP Series II with letter-size paper that's been pre-punched for a three-ring binder. Other print jobs (correspondence, etc.) are generally accomplished through the manual feed capability of the LaserJet. If it's not convenient to load pre-punched paper for 4PRINT jobs, you can force 4PRINT into manual feed for the entire output (see below), or you can print on unholed paper and punch holes yourself. However, double check your first printout; some greedy hole punches might gobble a character or two from the 66th line of the reverse sides. If this occurs, either save all the punched holes for archival purposes, or get a better hole punch. The remainder of this section deals with printing on the reverse side of the paper. If you use 4PRINT exclusively with the -s (single-side) or -d (auto duplex) switch, feel free to skip to the next section. 4PRINT assumes your printer will stack pages in REVERSE ORDER (true of HP LaserJets and LaserJet+'s, and of the Series II using the rear output tray). If your printer can't stack pages in reverse (or if you forget to open the rear output tray, as we often do), your sheets will be in the wrong order after the front side is printed. To solve this problem, reverse the sheets before replacing them in the paper tray, or use manual feed (the -m switch; see below) and "deal from the bottom of the deck" when inserting sheets to print the reverse side. A future version of 4PRINT might address this problem (by optionally printing the reverse side from last sheet to first). Please let us know if this would make a major difference to you. Note that when you flip the paper to print the reverse side, the "top" of the sheet is still fed in first. This means, for example, that pre-punched paper would be fed with the holes facing LEFT for the front side (as you face the printer), and with the holes facing RIGHT for the reverse side. The fact that the same edge of the paper is fed in twice brings us to our next topic. Laser printers tend to introduce a slight bend on the top of printed sheets, know as "paper curl." When the sheets are reinserted to print the reverse side, too large a curl could cause imperfect printing; in severe cases, the paper may jam. This tends to occur when the printer is running "hot," i.e., many pages are being printed at once. You might want to select a paper with low water content to minimize curling. Copyright (C) 1989 Korenthal Associates, Inc. Page 7 4PRINT Version 3.20 User's Guide Here's one way to minimize paper curl if it becomes a problem: Take the paper after the front side has been printed, hold it printed side up, and stick a scrap sheet (as a "buffer") underneath. Now place the paper (printed side up) on a desk like this: | desk | | ---c-u-r-l--- | | | o | | -----------| |----------- | | | o | | | | | | o | ------------- The o's show where the holes would be for pre-punched paper. Now place your hand or a book over the entire curl, press reasonably hard, and run the stack off the edge of the desk. If you've mastered the technique, the "buffer page" will be sharply curled in the opposite direction of the original curl, and your printout will be uncurled and ready for insertion to print the reverse side. Don't forget to discard the buffer page (or save it for your next uncurling). Another technique for dealing with curling surfaces involves two guys on ice with whisk brooms... but that's beyond the scope of this documentation. Notice that 4PRINT has a special option (see -p below) to reprint pages which were munged due to paper curl. 4PRINT OPERATION 4PRINT OPERATION 4PRINT does its work in three passes over the file (or files) to be printed. The first pass scans the files to determine the maximum page number (this pass may be eliminated via the -q switch; see below). The next two passes print the front and reverse sides of the document, respectively. Note that the reverse side printing pass doesn't occur when the -s or -d switch is used or when you are printing a single document which fits on the front of a single sheet of paper. After the scan pass is complete, you are prompted to press Enter to print the front side (unless you use the -u switch; see below). If you have an HP Series II or other printer with a rear output tray, make sure the tray is open, if possible. At the "Press Enter" prompt, you can press the following keys: 1. Press Enter to print the front side. 2. Press M (or m) to immediately force the printer into manual feed mode. Unlike the -m switch (which puts the printer into manual feed mode for the reverse side only), pressing M here will allow you to use manual feed for the entire print job. Copyright (C) 1989 Korenthal Associates, Inc. Page 8 4PRINT Version 3.20 User's Guide 3. Press C (or c) if you mistakenly used the -m switch (possibly because you underestimated the number of pages in the document). 4PRINT will override the switch and use cassette feed later, when the reverse side is printed. 4. Press Escape (or Ctrl-C or Ctrl-Break) to cancel the 4PRINT job and return to DOS. When the front side finishes printing, 4PRINT exits to DOS if you used the -s switch or if you are printing a single file with only one page. Otherwise, you are prompted to press Enter to print the reverse side. Uncurl the pages if necessary and flip the stack according to the instructions given under PAPER SELECTION, CARE, AND FEEDING. Unless PAPER SELECTION, CARE, AND FEEDING you're using manual feed, reinsert the pages into the paper cassette. Note that this version of 4PRINT assumes your printer stacks pages in reverse order. If your pages don't stack in reverse, either reverse the page order yourself before reloading the paper cassette, or use the -m switch and insert the pages into the manual feeder in reverse order. At the "Press Enter" prompt, you can press the following keys: 1. Press Enter to print the reverse side. 2. Press M (or m) to immediately force the printer into manual feed mode. If you overestimated the number of pages to be printed and don't want to bother reloading the paper tray, pressing M here will have the same effect as if you had used the -m switch on the original command line. 3. Press C (or c) to override an incorrect -m switch on the command line, or to force the printer back into cassette feed mode if you pressed M in response to the prompt before the first side was printed. 4. Press Escape (or Ctrl-C or Ctrl-Break) to cancel reverse side printing and return to DOS. Copyright (C) 1989 Korenthal Associates, Inc. Page 9 4PRINT Version 3.20 User's Guide THE 4PRINT COMMAND LINE THE 4PRINT COMMAND LINE As mentioned above, type 4PRINT alone (don't use redirection!) to display a help screen similar to the one below: /--------------------------------------------------------------------\ 4PRINT Version 3.20 - HP LaserJet Multiple ASCII File Printing Utility Copyright (C) 1989 Korenthal Associates, Inc. All rights reserved. Usage: 4print [options] filespec [more filespecs or options] Options: -m manual feed for back side| -u unattended (no prompts) -f prints front side only | -b (or -r) back side only -s prints single-sided | -t truncates long lines -w WordStar (tm) files | -z bypasses end of file chars -e allows escape codes | -c forces new line for CR's -d duplex (LaserJet II-D) | -pr proportional font handling -wide doc/spread, 165 cols | -tiny internal, 110/230 cols -x<number> number of copies | -tab<number> tab width -ft prints T-frame (see manual for other frame styles) -tt titles at top of page, -tb at bottom, -ta alternates -h<string> sets header (see manual for description) -n[<number>] adds line numbers (-np number each page from 1) -i<number> causes every line to be indented <number> spaces -ri<number> indents right side only (for IBM-style binders) -o<name> specifies output file or device (default=prn:) -p<number>-<number> prints range of pages (see manual) -q[<number>] quick prints (no scan pass), optional max page # -#<number> prints using previously downloaded font -[<string> uses font with specified characteristics Note: After each pass, you can force manual feed by pressing "M". \--------------------------------------------------------------------/ You can follow the 4PRINT command with any number of file specifi- cations ("filespecs") or options (also known as "switches"), in any order. 4PRINT will display the help screen unless it sees at least one file name or specification. Options (or filespecs, for that matter) may be typed in upper or lower case. Following UNIX conventions, any toggle switch may be reversed in meaning by appending a dash. For example, "-m-" is the reverse of "-m" and thus explicitly specifies the default of cassette ("non- manual") feed. If you prefer the PC- or MS-DOS (a trademark of Microsoft Corp.) conventions, you can use a slash instead of a dash to specify an option. Thus, "/p18-20" is equivalent to "-p18-20". Options and filespecs on the command line must be surrounded by spaces, and options may not be combined with a single dash or slash. For example, "-mu" and "-m-u" refer to file names, not options. If you want to specify "manual" and "unattended" modes, use "-m -u". 4PRINT will process files in the order in which their names or file- specs appear on the command line. Within a given filespec, files will be processed in the same order as would be displayed by the DOS directory command. Copyright (C) 1989 Korenthal Associates, Inc. Page 10 4PRINT Version 3.20 User's Guide THE 4PRINT ENVIRONMENT VARIABLE THE 4PRINT ENVIRONMENT VARIABLE New to Version 3, you may now specify any or all 4PRINT options in the DOS Environment instead of (or in addition to) the 4PRINT command line. 4PRINT will consider any information found in the "4PRINT" Environment variable as if it were attached to the BEGINNING of the command line. You can set the 4PRINT environment variable in your AUTOEXEC.BAT if there are certain options you always want to use with 4PRINT. For example, suppose you typed this command any time before you invoked 4PRINT (or put the command in your AUTOEXEC): C>set 4print=-m Note that there CANNOT be a space after "4print", and also that there is a dash in the "-m", just as if it were on the 4PRINT command line. Given the above environment setting, any subsequent 4PRINT run would always work in manual mode. Note that the environment variable is NOT the same as setting options with DEBUG or with the KAZAP program. You cannot override an environment option on the command line, for instance (you'll get an "incompatible options" message if you try). Another point to be made is that if you specify an illegal option in the environment, 4PRINT will think you are making an error (and will probably say "bad option specified") on EVERY subsequent invocation. You can type "SET" on the DOS command line (with no arguments) to see your current environment settings (and thus determine if you've set a bad 4PRINT option in the environment). SPECIFYING FILES TO PRINT SPECIFYING FILES TO PRINT The following 4PRINT command line examples show how you can specify which files or groups of files are to be printed. C>4print myfile The file named "myfile" in the current directory is scanned for a maximum page number. You are then prompted to press Enter, whereupon the front side is printed. You then (possibly uncurl and) reverse the sheets, replace them in the paper cassette, and press Enter again. The reverse side is then printed and 4PRINT exits to DOS. C>4print alpha beta Files "alpha" and "beta" are scanned. You press Enter, whereupon the front side is printed for both files. Enter again, and the reverse side is printed for both files. C>4print *.c Copyright (C) 1989 Korenthal Associates, Inc. Page 11 4PRINT Version 3.20 User's Guide All your C source files in the current directory are scanned, then printed as above. C>4print *.h *.c notes 4PRINT prints all your header files, all your C files, and the single file called "notes" in the current directory. C>4print a: All the files on drive A will be printed (this is equivalent to "4print a:*.*"). C>4print \letters\ All the files in subdirectory "\letters" on the current drive will be printed (this is equivalent to "4print \letters\*.*"). C>4print abc-m The file "abc-m" will be printed. Note that this is not the same as "4print abc -m", which would specify file "abc" and the "-m" switch. C>4print -read.me The file "-read.me" will be printed. Even though "-r" is a valid switch, it is followed by a non-space, so "-read.me" is interpreted as a file name. C>4print -m This is ILLEGAL, since -m is a valid 4PRINT switch. The 4PRINT help screen will be displayed. C>4print -m. The file "-m" (with no extension) will be printed (see "- read.me" above). USING 4PRINT OPTIONS USING 4PRINT OPTIONS You may specify 4PRINT options (or "switches") in any order, and they may be interspersed with filenames or filespecs. Thus, the following command lines are equivalent: C>4print myfile -m -u C>4print myfile -u -m C>4print -m -u myfile C>4print -m myfile -u 4PRINT options are global, in the sense that any given option refers to all filespecs in the command line, regardless of position. This Copyright (C) 1989 Korenthal Associates, Inc. Page 12 4PRINT Version 3.20 User's Guide command line would print both files "alpha" and "beta" using manual feed: C>4print alpha -m beta More information about option specification (and its relation to file specification) may be found under THE 4PRINT COMMAND LINE. THE 4PRINT COMMAND LINE Subsequent sections describe the various 4PRINT options in detail. Manual Feed: The -M Switch Manual Feed: The -M Switch 4PRINT normally causes the printer to feed sheets from the paper cassette when printing both the front and reverse sides. To use the manual feeder for the reverse side, specify: C>4print myfile -m The file named "myfile" in the current directory is scanned for a maximum page number. You are then prompted to press Enter, whereupon the front side is printed. You then (possibly uncurl and) reverse the sheets and press Enter again. The printer will wait for you to insert each page into the manual feeder when the reverse side is printed. When printing finishes, 4PRINT exits to DOS. As described under 4PRINT OPERATION, you can use manual feed for the 4PRINT OPERATION entire print job by pressing M (instead of Enter) after the scan pass. Single-sided Documents: The -S Switch Single-sided Documents: The -S Switch The original intent of 4PRINT was to save paper by printing as much information as possible on a single sheet. Thus, the default method is to print two 66-line pages on the front of the paper, and another two on the back. Under certain circumstances, it is useful to print single-sided docu- ments. For instance, you might not want to bother with the necessary paper handling to print the reverse side, or you might intend to spread a program listing all over your desk in order to see more than four pages at once. Tell 4PRINT to perform single-sided printing with the -s switch: C>4print myfile -s A single-sided printout is produced, yielding two 66-line pages per sheet of paper instead of four. Unattended Mode: The -U Switch Unattended Mode: The -U Switch 4PRINT normally prompts you to press Enter after the scan pass, and again after the first side is printed (see 4PRINT OPERATION). 4PRINT OPERATION Copyright (C) 1989 Korenthal Associates, Inc. Page 13 4PRINT Version 3.20 User's Guide Specifying -u will eliminate these prompts (4PRINT continues as if you pressed Enter at each prompt). This means that you will not be given an opportunity to reload the paper cassette before the reverse side is printed, so the -u switch is usually used with -s or -m: C>4print myfile -s -u A single-sided document will be printed with no prompt after the scan pass. C>4print myfile -m -u A double-sided document will be printed with no prompts. Since the reverse side will be printed in manual mode, the printer will pause before the first page of the reverse side, giving you an opportunity to possibly uncurl and reverse the stack. We use 4PRINT most often in this manner for short program listings and documents. See also the NETWORK USAGE discussion below. Tip: You can use 4PRINT in unattended mode and still print both sides Tip using the cassette feeder with the following procedure: Print your document using the -u and -m switches. When the printer waits for you to insert the first sheet for the reverse side, flip the front side, stick it back in the paper cassette, and then take a scrap sheet of paper and CAREFULLY insert it into the manual feeder until the sensor thinks it's got a sheet to manually feed. The trick is not to release the sheet you are holding, but to fake out the printer so sheets feed from the paper cassette! We have found this technique to work well with a Series II, but can't verify that other printers can be fooled in this manner. Quick Printing: The -Q Switch Quick Printing: The -Q Switch A scan pass is normally performed to determine the number of pages in the file or files to be printed. This allows 4PRINT to put "Page mmm of nnn" on the title line of each page. You can speed up 4PRINT by eliminating the scan pass as follows: C>4print myfile -q The scan pass is eliminated, and the default title will contain "Page mmm" instead of "Page mmm of nnn." The -q option with no page count supplied is especially handy when you are printing large documents on a relatively slow computer. If you already know a document's page count, you can eliminate the scan pass and still get "Page mmm of nnn" like this: C>4print myfile -q15 Copyright (C) 1989 Korenthal Associates, Inc. Page 14 4PRINT Version 3.20 User's Guide The scan pass is eliminated, and the default title will contain "Page mm of 15." The -q option with a page count supplied is useful when you are re- printing a document or a section of a document, since the page count is known before 4PRINT is invoked. Numbering Lines: The -N Option Numbering Lines: The -N Option 4PRINT can automatically number the lines of your document in two ways. The simplest is as follows: C>4print myfile -n The document will be printed with line numbers starting from line one. You can control the starting line number of the document like this: C>4print myfile -n201 The document will be printed with line numbers starting from line 201. We have provided this line numbering option especially for lawyers: C>4print myfile -np The document will be printed with line numbers starting from one on each page. Indenting Lines: The -I Option Indenting Lines: The -I Option You can tell 4PRINT to indent each printed line by a specified number of character positions. This allows you create a "balanced" look for documents which were unformatted, or formatted with a width less than 80 characters. For example: C>4print myfile -i8 The document will be printed with every line indented eight character positions. Note that indentation applies to "wrapped" lines as well, as described below (see -t). IBM-style Binders: The -RI Option IBM-style Binders: The -RI Option 4PRINT provides limited support for the creation of printouts which will be held in IBM-style binders. The -ri option allows you to specify a second indentation level which is only applied to the right- hand column of each page. If you specify both -i and -ri, BOTH INDENTS will be applied to the right-hand column. For example: Copyright (C) 1989 Korenthal Associates, Inc. Page 15 4PRINT Version 3.20 User's Guide C>4print myfile -i2 -ri8 The document will be printed with the left column indented two character positions, and the right column indented ten (2+8) character positions. We have found that the combination of -i2 and -ri8 shown in the example above adjusts the page in such a manner as to create pages which can be easily cut in half and inserted into an IBM-style binder. Special paper may be purchased which has a micro-perforation down the middle and six holes punched in such a manner as to make splitting each page apart and inserting into an IBM-style binder very easy. Note that when the -ri option is used, the left and right columns will wrap (or be truncated) at different character positions. Thus, you may want to pre-format output designed for IBM binders so as to avoid lines longer than will fit in the right hand column. Note also that when creating IBM-style binders, you may very well want to use the -f0 and -h options (along with the -ri option) to create a "clean" looking page. Non-standard Tabs: The -TAB Option Non-standard Tabs: The -TAB Option 4PRINT normally assumes that if a document contains tab characters (as opposed to blank spaces to separate columns), that the document was created assuming tab columns are eight characters apart. You may change this assumption in the following manner: C>4print myfile -TAB3 The file will be printed assuming tabs refer to columns which are three character positions apart. This option is especially useful when printing program source files which use non-standard tab sizes. Duplex Printing (LaserJet II-D Support): The -D Switch Duplex Printing (LaserJet II-D Support): The -D Switch If you have an HP LaserJet II-D or close compatible, you may instruct 4PRINT to take advantage of this printer's duplex printing capability (and thus complete the entire double-sided print job with no user intervention). For example: C>4print myfile -d The file will be printed in duplex mode on the II-D. Multiple Copies: The -X Option Multiple Copies: The -X Option 4PRINT now allows you to print any number of copies of your file(s) in a single run. Specify the number of copies like this: Copyright (C) 1989 Korenthal Associates, Inc. Page 16 4PRINT Version 3.20 User's Guide C>4print myfile -x3 Three copies of the file will be printed. Note that if you are printing more than one file, 4PRINT will print the first copy of ALL FILES before it prints the second copy. This makes it easy, for instance, for you to distribute a printout of three files to fifty people (you only have to separate the output by person, not by file). WordStar (tm) Files: The -W Switch WordStar (tm) Files: The -W Switch You can get quick draft printouts of WordStar version 3 and below or WordStar Professional Release 4 files by using the -w switch: C>4print myfile -w The file is assumed to be in WordStar (tm) format, and is printed accordingly. WordStar files are printed by stripping the high order bit of every character in the file and removing control characters (except for the ending Control-Z). Note that this means that all formatting information (such as headers, boldface, and underlines) are suppressed in the printout. WordStar dot commands are printed as is, except for the .PA command, which is processed as if a form feed appeared in the file. Note that the -w switch is provided for draft printouts or for very draft simple lists created using WordStar. If you want full formatting for a WordStar file, you can use the following technique: 1. Tell Wordstar to print your file to disk, using a standard ASCII printer. For WordStar Professional Release 4, this would involve answering something like "draft>myfile.prn" to the "Name of printer?" prompt. 2. Tell 4PRINT to print the output file, as in "4print myfile.prn". Note that the -w switch is not specified to 4PRINT, since the not output file is a straight ASCII file. Carriage Returns (Foreign Format Files): The -C Switch Carriage Returns (Foreign Format Files): The -C Switch Some files, notably those imported from Apple II or Macintosh (both trademarks of Apple, Inc.) systems only use a carriage return (as opposed to a carriage return, line feed combination) to denote a new line in a file. These files may be 4PRINTed with the -c switch: C>4print myfile -c The file will be printed assuming a new line starts at every carriage return or line feed. Copyright (C) 1989 Korenthal Associates, Inc. Page 17 4PRINT Version 3.20 User's Guide Note that no overprint lines are generated when -c is specified, because these lines are denoted in MS-DOS files by a carriage return without an associated line feed. However, backspace processing is still active, so if the foreign file uses backspaces to denote overprinting, then 4PRINT will accurately display overprinted, boldfaced, and underlined characters. Tip: You can apply the -c switch to MS-DOS files in order to see Tip exactly which lines are meant to be overprinted, and the contents of the overprint lines. The result will be that each normal line in file (that is, those lines ending in carriage return, line feed) will be followed by a blank line, and a series of lines to be overprinted (that is, one or more lines ending with a carriage return, followed by a line ending in a carriage return, line feed) will be printed on a group of single lines, with a blank line to end the group. Truncating Long Lines: The -T Switch Truncating Long Lines: The -T Switch 4PRINT will print up to 80 characters across in each of the two col- umns on a sheet of paper. If a file line plus indentation (see -i above) is longer than 80 columns, 4PRINT will normally print the first 80 columns, and continue the file line on the next printed line, starting with the characters " => ". This line wrapping will occur across multiple print lines, if necessary. To truncate (rather than wrap) long lines, use: C>4print myfile -t The -t switch tells 4PRINT that you want long lines to be truncated rather than wrapped. 4PRINT will simply print the first 80 characters of the long line, and continue with the next file line on the next printed line. This feature can be useful for documentation files which have a few long lines and are formatted based upon an exact 66 lines per printed page. Frame Styles: The -F<style> Switch Frame Styles: The -F<style> Switch 4PRINT normally prints a full frame around each printed page. The frame consists of lines at the top, bottom, left, center, and right sides of the page. You can use the -F<style> switch (not to be con- fused with the simple -F switch; see Selective Printing by Side) to Selective Printing by Side change the frame style which 4PRINT uses. The easiest way to use this switch is to specify one of the "canned" frame styles that 4PRINT provides, as in the following command: C>4print myfile -ft The document will be printed using the "T" frame style. Copyright (C) 1989 Korenthal Associates, Inc. Page 18 4PRINT Version 3.20 User's Guide Each of the provided styles is specified as a single letter (which may be in upper or lower case) or symbol. A complete table follows: Symbol Frame Style ______ ___________ F Full frame (the default) N (or 0) No frame lines at all T "T" frame (title and center lines) I "I" frame (top, bottom, and center) ! Center line only - Title line only = Top and bottom lines O (the letter) Full frame, but no center line M (or W) Title line, left, center, and right U Title line, left, and center If you want to be even more creative, you can specify a 5-letter "control" string to design a custom frame. The letters in the string control the top, bottom, left, center, and right line of the custom frame, respectively. The codes may be given in upper or lower case, and are: Code Meaning ____ _______ A Always print the corresponding line. N Never print the corresponding line. T "Track" the title (print the line only if the title will appear next to this line). The "T" code only applies to the top or bottom line of the frame, and thus should only be used in the first and/or second position of the code string. Here are a few examples of custom frames: C>4print myfile -faaaaa All lines of the frame will be printed. This is the same as specifying -ff, or letting the frame style default. C>4print myfile -fnnnnn No lines of the frame will be printed. This is the same as specifying -fn or -f0. C>4print myfile -fttnan The top line will be printed only if the title is on top of the page, and the bottom line will be printed only if the title is on the bottom. The left line will never be printed, the center line will always be printed, and the right line will never be printed. This is "T" frame, which can also be specified as -ft. C>4print myfile -fntann The top line will never be printed, the bottom line will only be printed if the title is on the bottom, the left line Copyright (C) 1989 Korenthal Associates, Inc. Page 19 4PRINT Version 3.20 User's Guide will always be printed, and the center and bottom lines will never be printed. Consider an open three-ring binder with a reverse side page (title on top) above a front side page (title on the bottom). The effect will be that the group of two pages will have a line down the left side, and another line across the bottom of the group. Note: The "T" frame is also known as the "Tracey" frame, in honor of Tracey M. Siesser, who insisted that the default frame wasn't good enough. Will this satisfy you, Tracey? Huh? (-Jim K.) Overriding Title Placement: The -TT, -TB, and -TA Switches Overriding Title Placement: The -TT, -TB, and -TA Switches Under normal circumstances, 4PRINT will print the title line, or header, at the bottom of the page for the front of your document, and at the top of the page for the back of your document. This causes the title line to always appear on the "outside" when the document is placed in a three-ring binder. If you wish to override the default title placement, use one of the following switches: C>4print myfile -tt The document will be printed with all title lines at the top of the page. C>4print myfile -tb The document will be printed with all title lines at the bottom of the page. Note that the -ta switch (which specifies the default of alternating title placement) is provided for completeness, and also to allow you to obtain alternating titles if you've changed the default (see CHANGING 4PRINT'S DEFAULTS below). CHANGING 4PRINT'S DEFAULTS Bypassing End Of File Characters: The -Z Switch Bypassing End Of File Characters: The -Z Switch If a file contains a Ctrl-Z character (Hex 1A, or Decimal 26), 4PRINT considers the file to end just before this character. This is because Ctrl-Z was used in the CP/M (a trademark of Digital Research Corp.) operating system to indicate EOF (End Of File), and many MS-DOS programs still manipulate files using this convention. Most ASCII files won't contain Ctrl-Z characters which mean anything other than EOF, but for those few pesky ones which do, specify -z: C>4print myfile -z The file will be printed all the way to its full MS-DOS file length. If any Ctrl-Z characters appear in the file, they will be printed as "<1A>". If 4PRINT seems to be printing only part of your file, try using the -z switch; it almost certainly won't hurt (although you may see some Copyright (C) 1989 Korenthal Associates, Inc. Page 20 4PRINT Version 3.20 User's Guide garbage at the end of your printout), and it might get your whole file printed. Selective Printing by Side: The -F, -B, and -R Switches Selective Printing by Side: The -F, -B, and -R Switches You can tell 4PRINT to print only the front side of a listing that would normally be double-sided. Note that this is not the same as using the -s switch: C>4print myfile -f Only the front side of a double-sided printout is produced. This is useful if you need to split a large printout into two 4PRINT jobs, or if you are printing over a network and don't want to hang up the printer before processing the reverse side. If you previously aborted 4PRINT after the front side of a double- sided printout was produced, or if you printed the front side using the -f switch, use one of the following (they are equivalent) to complete the job: C>4print myfile -b C>4print myfile -r Only the back (reverse) side of a double-sided printout is produced. If you already printed the front side of this job, you could have looked at the title line of any page to determine the maximum page number, and then used a command like: C>4print myfile -b -q28 The "-q28" tells 4PRINT to eliminate the scan pass, but to use the number 28 when printing the number of pages on the title line. Selective Printing by Page: The -P Option Selective Printing by Page: The -P Option You would normally use 4PRINT to print an entire document. However, if you need to reprint a single page or range of pages, or if some pages of a full output got garbled and you want to reprint only those pages, use the -p option: C>4print myfile -s -p12 This command will print page 12 only of a single-sided document. C>4print myfile -s -p12 -q50 Copyright (C) 1989 Korenthal Associates, Inc. Page 21 4PRINT Version 3.20 User's Guide We're saving time here by telling 4PRINT that there are 50 pages in the document, thus eliminating the need for a scan pass. C>4print myfile -p12 Here we're reprinting only page 12 of a double-sided document. 4PRINT will adjust the pages to printed, in this case printing page 11 on the front and 12 on the back. C>4print myfile -p-5 4PRINT will reprint the document from the beginning (page 1) through page 6 (because page 6 is on the reverse of page 5). C>4print myfile -p21- Pages 21 through the end of the document will be reprinted. C>4print myfile -b -p21- Same as above, but only print the reverse side from page 21 (actually, page 22) on. This is useful if a long printout gets interrupted in the middle of printing the reverse side. C>4print myfile -p12-14 The specified page range (actually, pages 11-14 because page 11 is on the front side of page 12) will be reprinted. C>4print myfile -m -u -q48 -p12-14 Same as above, but we're also specifying manual and unattended modes, and we're telling 4PRINT not to bother with the scan pass because we already know that the document is 48 pages long. This is the form of 4PRINT that we use most often to reprint "munged" sections of a long document. Note: If you have the shareware program CED or the retail program PCED (both (C) Christopher J. Dunford), you can reprint multiple sections of a document by issuing a command like the one above. When 4PRINT finishes, press up-arrow and a few backspaces, enter a new page range, and press Enter to reprint the next section. It is appropriate to mention here that 4PRINT was originally designed to process a single file. When multiple file support was added, we simply applied each specified option to all files which were being processed. This means, unfortunately, that the -q and -p options apply to every file (which doesn't seem to be too useful). Maybe we'll change this in a future upgrade. For now, do what we do: Use the -q<number> and the -p options only when you are printing a single file. Copyright (C) 1989 Korenthal Associates, Inc. Page 22 4PRINT Version 3.20 User's Guide Outputting to Other Devices or to a File: The -O Option Outputting to Other Devices or to a File: The -O Option By default, 4PRINT will send the printout to your PRN: device. You can change the output device using the -o option: C>4print myfile -olpt2: The output will be sent to LPT2: instead of to PRN:. If you'd like your output placed in a disk file rather than directly printed, specify the file name (with drive and path if necessary): C>4print myfile -m -omyfile.out Here we are sending the output to "myfile.out", possibly to print later or to study with DISMOD ((C) William Schroeder) in order to write a better version of 4PRINT and put Korenthal Associates out of business. To print this file later, we would simply type: C>copy myfile.out prn: One caveat, though: If the output is double-sided (as it would be in this example, because we didn't use the -s switch), make sure the -m switch is used. Otherwise, you'd have no opportunity to reinsert the stack of paper between the front and back printing passes. If necessary, you can always defeat the manual feeder for the reverse side using the technique described under NETWORK USAGE below. NETWORK USAGE Another way to save double-sided output for later printing is to use the -o parameter in combination with the -f and -b parameters, as follows: C>4print myfile -f -ofront C>4print myfile -b -oback Later, you can "copy front prn:", flip the stack and reinsert it into the paper cassette, and "copy back prn:"! Downloaded Fonts: The -# Option Downloaded Fonts: The -# Option 4PRINT normally depends on the availability of a small landscape font with fixed pitch (but see Proportional Font Support below). If your Proportional Font Support printer doesn't have an internal, landscape line printer font, you may download such a font or provide it via a font cartridge. If your font correctly matches 4PRINT's requirements, nothing further need be done. For reference, the line printer font characteristics are: IBM PC ASCII symbol set fixed spacing 16.6 pitch 8.5 point size upright style Copyright (C) 1989 Korenthal Associates, Inc. Page 23 4PRINT Version 3.20 User's Guide medium weight line printer font 4PRINT calls for a font with these characteristics using the LaserJet escape sequence "Esc (10U Esc (sp16.6h8.5vsbT". Your font will automatically be selected if it conforms to this specification. You can successfully use 4PRINT with any other downloaded landscape font by using the -# option, as follows: C>4print myfile -#12 The file will be printed using downloaded font number 12. Of course, using the -# option presupposes that you have downloaded a permanent font and assigned it the number which was specified in the -# option. Note that 4PRINT has no way of knowing the actual characteristics of the specified font. If the font is too large, for example, your 4PRINT output is going to look pretty strange! Starting with version 3 of 4PRINT, we are providing a font suitable for use if your printer doesn't have a built-in landscape line printer font (see accompanying files on the 4PRINT distribution disk or archive). Even if you have the line printer font, you may wish to use the font we supply because it is Letter Gothic as opposed to true line printer, and results in more attractive printed documentation. Full Font Selection: The -[ Option Full Font Selection: The -[ Option As described above, 4PRINT assumes the availability of a landscape, line printer font. If you are downloading this font or providing it on a font cartridge, 4PRINT will happily select the line printer font. However, if the font you are providing does not conform sufficiently to line printer font characteristics, you must either specify the -# option (if you've downloaded the font) or the -[ option (if you've supplied the font on a cartridge). The -[ option can be used to select a downloaded font, but it's really much easier to use -#. Here is an example using the -[ option: C>4print myfile -[(0U[(sp16.66h9.5vsb6T The file will be printed using the specified string to select an internal, downloaded, or cartridge font. In this example, the characteristics of the LG095R16.USL font men- tioned above are specified. Note that the symbol "[" is used in the selection string to denote an Escape character (a leading Escape is implied by the "-["). No spaces are allowed in the selection string. Tip: If you use CED or PCED or a keyboard macro processor or other Tip keyboard enhancer, make sure that the font strings you are typing are Copyright (C) 1989 Korenthal Associates, Inc. Page 24 4PRINT Version 3.20 User's Guide really being sent to 4PRINT the way you think they are. For instance, CED (in certain configurations) requires you to type two ampersands ("&&") to cause a single ampersand to be sent to your application program. We thought there was a problem with 4PRINT's handling of the -[ option until we realized that we typed a single "&" in the font string, and this character was "stripped" by CED and thus never sent to 4PRINT. A quick way of finding out if the string you are typing will be sent properly to 4PRINT is to type "echo xxx" (where xxx is your string) at the DOS command line. If xxx appears the way you typed it, then it's being sent properly to 4PRINT. Proportional Font Support: The -PR Switch Proportional Font Support: The -PR Switch New to Version 3, 4PRINT now offers limited support to create printouts using small proportional fonts. Files which are printed using proportional fonts must not contain any lines which will overflow 4PRINT's column width. The width is normally 80 line printer font characters, or 4.8 inches. If -WIDE is used (see below), the width is extended to 165 characters, or 9.9 inches. This includes any space inserted at the beginning of the line by the -i or the -ri options. Within this limitation, small proportional fonts are aligned properly (vertically and for the second column margin), and can create a very attractive 4PRINT printout. Here is an example using proportional fonts: C>4print myfile -#5 -pr The file will be printed using downloaded soft font number five. In addition, 4PRINT is informed that this is a proportional font. Tip: It is possible to mix fonts in a 4PRINTed file if you are Tip willing to perform your own line spacing. Any escape strings you include in the file will be sent by 4PRINT to the printer just as if they were text characters, as long as you specify the -e switch. If you also specify -pr, 4PRINT will not care how long the "lines" are (including escape sequences), and thus you can switch fonts in mid- file with not ill effect. If you use this technique, be aware that 4PRINT will switch to the default line printer font (or to the one you specified with the -# or -[ option) at the beginning of each column. Also, 4PRINT performs indenting (the -i and -ri options) by inserting the number of spaces you specify at the beginning of each printed line. So if you use indenting, you should keep the indentation consistent by making sure each line ENDS in a known font (so 4PRINT's spaces for the NEXT line will come out in the known font). Copyright (C) 1989 Korenthal Associates, Inc. Page 25 4PRINT Version 3.20 User's Guide Wide Documents and Spreadsheets: The -WIDE Switch Wide Documents and Spreadsheets: The -WIDE Switch New to Version 3, 4PRINT now has the ability to print spreadsheets and documents which are wider than 80 characters across. If you specify -wide, 4PRINT will consider the entire width of the landscape page as a single column, and will normally allow 165 characters to be printed before wrapping or truncating the line. For example: C>4print mysheet -wide The file "mysheet" (which is assumed to be a wide spreadsheet which has been printed to disk in ASCII format) will be printed using a single column per page. When you specify -wide, 4PRINT uses whatever frame style you've specified, but removes the vertical center line to combine the entire page into a single column. Using the Tiny Internal Font: The -TINY Option Using the Tiny Internal Font: The -TINY Option In addition to the -wide capability discussed above, 4PRINT now includes a very small font which enables double column printing with 110 characters in each column, or single column (-wide) printing with 230 characters across the page. This font is internal to the 4PRINT program, and will be automatically downloaded to the printer (which must recognize HP LaserJet format soft fonts) when the -tiny option is specified. The internal font is quite legible and adequate for most purposes such as printing wide spreadsheets, program listing, and database reports, but it does not include the IBM graphics characters (these will be printed as blanks). Here's all you need to do to use the tiny internal font: C>4print myfile -tiny The file will be printed in two columns of 110 characters across, using the tiny internal font. C>4print myfile -tiny -wide The file will be printed in a single column of 230 characters across, using the tiny internal font. Tip: This latter example is especially suitable for printing very wide Tip spreadsheets which have been "printed" to an ASCII file by LOTUS or whatever spreadsheet program you are using. You can also print very wide dBASE or other database system reports using the -tiny and/or -wide options. In rare cases, you may need to specify additional information when using the -tiny option. 4PRINT needs to specify a "font ID number" when downloading the tiny internal font. This number is 999 by Copyright (C) 1989 Korenthal Associates, Inc. Page 26 4PRINT Version 3.20 User's Guide default. If 999 happens to be already used for a permanent font on your printer, you may specify a different ID for 4PRINT's use as follows: C>4print myfile -tiny57 The file will be printed using the tiny internal font, and 4PRINT will use "57" as a temporary font ID number. Tip: If you specify the -pr switch (discussed above), 4PRINT will Tip completely ignore line length and assume each line will fit across the wide column. This means that you can print spreadsheets even wider than 230 characters without wrapping or truncation by allowing 4PRINT to run past its right margin. For example: C>4print myfile -wide -tiny -pr -f= The file will be printed in a single column using the tiny internal font. Line lengths will be ignored. The "-f=" specifies a frame with lines only on the top and bottom (so you don't print over the right frame line). Tip: If the -tiny option doesn't seem to be working properly, it is Tip possible that you have overloaded your printer's available memory (with other soft fonts, templates, or graphics) and there is no room to hold the 4PRINT font (4PRINT has no way of detecting this situation). You can resolve the problem by freeing up some of your printer's memory (don't download so many permanent fonts, for instance), or by purchasing a memory upgrade for your printer. Escape Code Processing: The -E Switch Escape Code Processing: The -E Switch If you print a document containing escape characters (ASCII character 27, or Hex 1B), the escapes and subsequent characters might be interpreted by the LaserJet in such a way as to interfere with 4PRINT's formatting of your document. Accordingly, 4PRINT substitutes a "left arrowhead" (character 17, or Hex 11) for each escape character it finds. If you wish to override this substitution and send escape characters directly to your printer (to switch fonts in mid-printout, for example), you must specify the -e switch as follows: C>4print myfile -e The file will be printed with escape characters sent directly to the LaserJet. Copyright (C) 1989 Korenthal Associates, Inc. Page 27 4PRINT Version 3.20 User's Guide Changing the Default Header: The -H Option Changing the Default Header: The -H Option (See also the tip about operation with keyboard enhancers at the end of the section describing Full Font Selection.) 4PRINT normally prints the file name, date, and time in boldface on the top of each page, along with the page number and page count of the document. The -h option allows you to substitute your own header, or title line: C>4print myfile -h Here we are specifying that no title is to be printed. C>4print myfile -hWHOOPIE! In this example, we are replacing the default title with the character string "WHOOPIE!", which will be centered at the top of every printed page. C>4print myfile -h"This is a Title" Here we show that the title may be enclosed in quotes. Single quotes (apostrophes) or double quotes are acceptable, but the surrounding quote character can't occur in the middle of a title (we didn't implement a "doubling" convention for quotes, not having a doubling cube handy). You can, however, get both quotes in a title, if necessary, by using the unquoted title form described in the next example: C>4print myfile -hThis_is_a_Title This example is equivalent to the one above, and doesn't require spaces in the title text. This form of titling is useful when passing 4PRINT options through a batch file or CED string. If the "-h" isn't immediately followed by a single or double quote, or if a quote character is unmatched, the title is considered to be all characters up until the next space or the end of the command line. Since an underscore represents a space in the printed title, you can get both quote characters in a title by using something like: C>4print myfile -h_"Do's"_and_"Don'ts" Note the underscore after the -h to make sure 4PRINT doesn't think the first quote is meant to surround a title. Copyright (C) 1989 Korenthal Associates, Inc. Page 28 4PRINT Version 3.20 User's Guide A number of characters and character strings cause substitutions when a title is printed. They must all be specified in lower case: $fn The file name is printed $fd The file's creation or modification date is printed $ft The file's creation or modification time is printed $td Today's date is printed $tt Today's time (the current time) is printed $pn The current page number is printed $pp The number of pages in the document is printed $cn The current column number is printed $cc The number of columns in the document is printed underscore A space character is printed // Centering is split [...] Text is suppressed if the number of pages is unknown If a dollar sign appears in any context other than those above, it is eliminated when the title is printed, and the character following the dollar sign is taken literally. Therefore, use "$_" to print an underscore, and "$$" to print the dollar sign character itself. The purpose of the underscore-to-space substitution is to allow most titles to be specified without surrounding quotes, in order to facilitate argument passing in batch files or CED strings. Unless split centering is used, 4PRINT will center the supplied title across the length of the page (across both columns taken together). If "//" appears in the title, 4PRINT will center everything appearing to the left of the "//" (after substitution) in the left column, and everything appearing to the right of the "//" in the right column. There is no way to avoid centering or split centering of titles. However, an off-center effect may be achieved by preceding the title text with a number of spaces, in which case the title text will appear right of center. By the same token, following the title text with spaces will cause it to appear left of center (within the whole line or, in the case of split centering, within the appropriate column). Brackets are used to suppress text in the title when the document's page count is unknown (this happens when -q is used to eliminate the scan pass). Simply enclose the text to be conditionally suppressed in "[" and "]". The $cn and $cc forms are a special usage which intentionally don't appear on the 4PRINT help screen because of their limited implementation. They allow documents to be printed with "page" numbers corresponding to what 4PRINT considers to be "columns." The first 66 lines of output, then, would be "column 1," and the next 66 lines (on the right side of the same "page") would be "column 2." The limited implementation of $cn and $cc work like this: $cc simply prints twice the number of pages in the document, if known (we ignore the fact that the last column of a document may be blank). $cn normally prints twice the page number minus one. If split centering Copyright (C) 1989 Korenthal Associates, Inc. Page 29 4PRINT Version 3.20 User's Guide is used (see above), $cn prints twice the page number minus one for the left side, and twice the page number for the right side. Consider the following example: C>4print myfile -s -h"Page $cn of $cc//Page $cn of $cc" This would print a single-sided document which you could cut down the middle, punch holes in, and insert into an IBM- sized three-ring binder. Notice that we are printing 4PRINT "column" numbers, but calling them "Page" in the title because that's what they would refer to after the document is cut. For reference, here is an example where the default title is explicitly specified: C>4print myfile -h"$fn $fd $ft//Page $pn[ of $pp]" Copyright (C) 1989 Korenthal Associates, Inc. Page 30 4PRINT Version 3.20 User's Guide CHANGING 4PRINT'S DEFAULTS CHANGING 4PRINT'S DEFAULTS New for Version 3: A separate utility called KAZAP will be sent to all registered users. KAZAP allows you to automatically set any or all of the 4PRINT defaults discussed below, rendering the following discussion unnecessary. Warning: This is an advanced topic, for programmers only! It is possible to configure 4PRINT so that some often-used options and switches don't have to be specified on the command line. This is accomplished by directly zapping the 4PRINT.EXE file with DEBUG, DISMOD, or your favorite file zapping program. Remember that you may only distribute 4PRINT.EXE in its original form (archived with 4PRINT.DOC and READ.ME - see SHAREWARE INFORMATION). SHAREWARE INFORMATION If you zap 4PRINT.EXE, ***please*** don't distribute the modified file, since the defaults are not reported by 4PRINT and will really confuse anyone who attempts to use the zapped version. To change the default from cassette to manual feed, look for the string "KAMaNuAl=n" (note the mixed upper and lower case) and change the "n" to a "y". You can then switch back to cassette feed by specifying "-m-" in the 4PRINT command line, or by replying to one of the prompts with "C" instead of Enter. To change the default from double- to single-sided printing, look for the string "KASiNgLe=n" and change the "n" to a "y". You can then get double-sided printing by specifying "-s-" in the 4PRINT command line. To change the default from attended (with prompts) to unattended operation, look for the string "KAUnAtTeNdEd=n" and change the "n" to a "y". You can then get attended operation by specifying "-u-" in the 4PRINT command line. To eliminate the scan pass by default, look for the string "KAQuIcK=n" and change the "n" to a "y". You can then explicitly call for a scan pass by specifying "-q-" in the 4PRINT command line. Note that "- q<number>" will still work as documented. To indent a number of columns by default, look for the string "KAInDeNt=0" and change the "0" to the number of columns you wish to indent. You can then cancel the indentation by specifying "-i0" in the 4PRINT command line. To indent the right side only by default, look for the string "KARiGhTiNd=0" and change the "0" to the number of columns you wish to indent. You can then cancel the indentation by specifying "-ri0" in the 4PRINT command line. To specify that lines be numbered by default, look for the string "KANuMbErS=n" and change the "n" to a starting number or to "p" to number each page starting from line one. You can then cancel the line numbering by specifying "-n-" in the 4PRINT command line. Copyright (C) 1989 Korenthal Associates, Inc. Page 31 4PRINT Version 3.20 User's Guide To specify a nonstandard tab size, look for the string "KATaBsIzE=8" and change the "8" to the new default tab size. You may then set a tab size of eight by specifying "-tab8" in the 4PRINT command line. To specify that more than one copy be printed by default, look for the string "KACoPiEs=1" and change the "1" to the desired number of copies. You may then print a single copy by specifying "-x1" in the 4PRINT command line. To specify that you normally use a proportional font, look for the string "KAPrOp=n" and change the "n" to a "y". You can then use the normal line printer font by specifying "-pr-" in the 4PRINT command line. To specify that you normally print wide documents, look for the string "KAWiDe=n" and change the "n" to a "y". You can then print in the normal 4PRINT 2-column format by specifying "-wide-" in the 4PRINT command line. To specify that you normally wish to use the tiny internal font, look for the string "KATiNy=n" and change the "n" to a "y" or to the font ID number you wish 4PRINT to use. You can then print in the normal 4PRINT font by specifying "-tiny-" in the 4PRINT command line. To specify that you wish escape characters to be passed directly to your printer, look for the string "KAEsCaPe=n" and change the "n" to a "y". You can then tell 4PRINT to perform its normal escape character substitution by specifying "-e-" in the 4PRINT command line. To process WordStar format files by default, look for the string "KAWoRdStAr=n" and change the "n" to a "y". You can then process normal files by specifying "-w-" in the 4PRINT command line. To cause carriage returns to generate an end of line, look for the string "KACrIsEoL=n" and change the "n" to a "y". You can then process normal MS-DOS files by specifying "-c-" in the 4PRINT command line. To change the default from wrapped to truncated long lines, look for the string "KATrUnCaTe=n" and change the "n" to a "y". You can then get wrapped long lines by specifying "-t-" in the 4PRINT command line. To change the default frame style, look for the string "KAFrAmE=f" and change the "f" to one of the styles described in Frame Styles above Frame Styles (either a "canned" style or a 5-letter control string). Make sure that a null byte (binary 0) appears immediately after your style specification. You can then get a full frame by specifying -ff in the 4PRINT command line. To change the default so that title lines are always printed at the top (or bottom), look for the string "KATiTlEs=a" and change the "a" to a "t" (or "b"). You can then get alternating title placement by specifying -ta in the 4PRINT command line. To change the default so that Ctrl-Z's in your file will not signal the end of the file, look for the string "KAEoFsKiP=n" and change the Copyright (C) 1989 Korenthal Associates, Inc. Page 32 4PRINT Version 3.20 User's Guide "n" to a "y". You can then cause Ctrl-Z's to signify End of File by specifying "-z-" in the 4PRINT command line. To set duplex printing mode as the default, look for the string "KADuPlEx=n" and change the "n" to a "y". You can then print in non- duplex mode by specifying "-d-" in the 4PRINT command line. To change the default output device from "PRN:", look for the string "KAPrN=prn:" and change the "prn:" to whatever you wish. Make sure that a null byte (binary 0) appears immediately after your device or file specification. You can then output to the "PRN:" device by specifying "-oprn:" in the 4PRINT command line. To change the default font selection string, look for the string "KAFoNt=[(10U..." and change the "[(10U..." to whatever you wish the default font selection string to be (as described above under the -[ option). Make sure you follow your selection string with a null byte (binary 0). Don't overlay any non-null bytes after the default string which appears in the 4PRINT.EXE file (this allows a selection string 30 characters longer than the current default). Note that a permanent soft font may be selected by changing this string to "[(#X", where "#" is the permanent soft font's assigned number. To change the default title line, look for the string "KATiTlE=$fn..." and change the "$fn..." to whatever you wish the default title to be. Make sure you follow your title with a null byte (binary 0). Don't overlay any non-null bytes after the default title which appears in the 4PRINT.EXE file (this allows a title 80 characters longer than the current default). For example, you can change the default title to personalize (company- ize?) all your 4print output by changing the default title to: $fn__$fd___(C)_1988_Ace_Widget_Co___Page_$pn Copyright (C) 1989 Korenthal Associates, Inc. Page 33 4PRINT Version 3.20 User's Guide NETWORK USAGE NETWORK USAGE 4PRINT does not create any temporary files, so it should work just fine on your favorite network. Some points for using 4PRINT in a network environment are worth noting: You must purchase (or register; see SHAREWARE INFORMATION) a copy of must SHAREWARE INFORMATION 4PRINT for each user on the network. Network licenses are available; contact Korenthal Associates for information. There is no capability under 4PRINT to reserve your networked printer for the entire print job. This means that your network might release the printer after 4PRINT prints the front side and is waiting for you to press Enter to start the reverse side. Someone else's print job may start while 4PRINT is waiting, and things might get confused. One way around this problem is to use the procedure described under UNATTENDED MODE. The -m switch guarantees that your document will be UNATTENDED MODE spooled to the printer (or will be actively queued for print) when another user tries to "butt in." See the section on SELECTIVE PRINTING BY SIDE for tips on splitting up SELECTIVE PRINTING BY SIDE a double-sided output into two separate network print jobs. Note that in 4PRINT Version 2.20 and later, the printer will be reinitialized and the requisite font will be reselected before printing the reverse side of a double-sided output. This somewhat mitigates the potential problem described above. Tip for Novell users: If you use Advanced Netware version 2's CAPTURE Tip for Novell users command with a short timeout (like /ti=1 or /ti=2), you can cause the network to start printing before the entire "print file" is sent to the server. Do this by letting 4PRINT print one or two pages, then press Control-S (which will pause 4PRINT after a few lines). Wait until the network starts sending information to the printer, and then press Control-S again to allow 4PRINT to resume. (This technique should only be used if other people aren't "mixing" their print jobs with yours, otherwise your 4PRINT output might be interrupted with someone else's job.) Copyright (C) 1989 Korenthal Associates, Inc. Page 34 4PRINT Version 3.20 User's Guide REVISION HISTORY REVISION HISTORY Version 2.00 1/20/88 First version available to the general public. Version 2.10 1/27/88 Corrected multiple line feeds bug. Version 2.11 2/ 4/88 Fixed bug when funny char entered at prompt. Version 2.12 2/10/88 Fixed -z "file overflow" bug. Version 2.13 2/18/88 Fixed -p positioning for files with form feeds. Version 2.20 3/13/88 Major Release: Added -#<number> parm for downloaded fonts Added -[<string> parm for font selection Fixed minor problem, last line timing loop Sent setup sequence before printing reverse side (for added network support) Eliminated blank page(s) when only white space occurs 'til the end of the document Added -i option (indenting, page offset) Added -w option for WordStar (tm) files Added -c option so CR acts like LF (for processing of foreign format files) Added better fatal error support Added full boldface/underline support Added code to print title lines in boldface Added code to place frame around each page Created alternating titles (default), added -tt (top), -tb (bottom) and -ta options Added graphic "watermark" Added user-defined frame styles (-ft, etc.) Used ASM I/O to solve 42 file limit problem Suppressed reverse for multiple 1-page doc's Increased maximum number of files to 200 Version 3.10 3/16/89 Major Release: Added LaserMaster (Ricoh 4081) support Added Epson GQ3500 HP emulation support Improved general close HP-compatible support Added HP DeskJet (landscape cart.) support Added A4 paper support for European market Added limited support for proportional fonts Fixed problem with multiple tabs on one line Added /tab<nnn> parm to specify tab width Added /d parameter and LaserJet II D support Fixed problem in KAxxx=y default processing Added /ri parm, right indent (IBM binders) Supported 4PRINT environment variable Added code to automatically print order form Added /x parameter to print multiple copies Added /pr parm for proportional font support Added escape code substitution (/e overrides) Added wide document support (/wide parameter) Added tiny internal font support (/tiny) Copyright (C) 1989 Korenthal Associates, Inc. Page 35 4PRINT Version 3.20 User's Guide Added wrap (in addition to truncate) warning Version 3.20 9/ 1/89 Added -n# and -np line numbering options Fixed backspace bug Eliminated multiple pricing levels DISCLAIMER DISCLAIMER Korenthal Associates makes no warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Korenthal Associates shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of the 4PRINT product or this documentation. Copyright (C) 1989 Korenthal Associates, Inc. Page 36 4PRINT 3.20 ORDER FORM 4PRINT 3.20 ORDER FORM Remit to: Korenthal Associates, Inc. Tel: (212) 242-1790 230 West 13th Street FAX: (212) 242-2599 New York, New York 10011 CIS: [76004,2605] Attention: Customer Service ____ 4PRINT Registered Package @ $39.95 per copy ________ (includes disk, 4FOLD, KAZAP, manual, support) New York residents add applicable sales tax: Tax ________ Shipping and handling, US/Canada: $4 per copy All other countries: $8 per copy S+H ________ Total $ ________ Disk format: ( ) 5.25" acceptable ( ) 3.5" required Payment by: ( ) Check ( ) MC ( ) Visa ( ) PO # ___________ Card #: _______________________________ Exp. Date: _____________ Signature of card holder: _______________________________________ Name: ________________________________ Title: ________________ Company: ________________________________________________________ Address: ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ Day Phone: _____________________ Evening: _____________________ Where did you learn about 4PRINT or obtain your trial copy? (If from a BBS, name and phone #; If from CIS, forum name.) _________________________________________________________________ Do you have any comments or suggestions to improve 4PRINT? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 4PRINT 3.20 ORDER FORM 4PRINT 3.20 ORDER FORM Remit to: Korenthal Associates, Inc. Tel: (212) 242-1790 230 West 13th Street FAX: (212) 242-2599 New York, New York 10011 CIS: [76004,2605] Attention: Customer Service ____ 4PRINT Registered Package @ $39.95 per copy ________ (includes disk, 4FOLD, KAZAP, manual, support) New York residents add applicable sales tax: Tax ________ Shipping and handling, US/Canada: $4 per copy All other countries: $8 per copy S+H ________ Total $ ________ Disk format: ( ) 5.25" acceptable ( ) 3.5" required Payment by: ( ) Check ( ) MC ( ) Visa ( ) PO # ___________ Card #: _______________________________ Exp. Date: _____________ Signature of card holder: _______________________________________ Name: ________________________________ Title: ________________ Company: ________________________________________________________ Address: ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ Day Phone: _____________________ Evening: _____________________ Where did you learn about 4PRINT or obtain your trial copy? (If from a BBS, name and phone #; If from CIS, forum name.) _________________________________________________________________ Do you have any comments or suggestions to improve 4PRINT? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 4PRINT 3.20 ORDER FORM 4PRINT 3.20 ORDER FORM Remit to: Korenthal Associates, Inc. Tel: (212) 242-1790 230 West 13th Street FAX: (212) 242-2599 New York, New York 10011 CIS: [76004,2605] Attention: Customer Service ____ 4PRINT Registered Package @ $39.95 per copy ________ (includes disk, 4FOLD, KAZAP, manual, support) New York residents add applicable sales tax: Tax ________ Shipping and handling, US/Canada: $4 per copy All other countries: $8 per copy S+H ________ Total $ ________ Disk format: ( ) 5.25" acceptable ( ) 3.5" required Payment by: ( ) Check ( ) MC ( ) Visa ( ) PO # ___________ Card #: _______________________________ Exp. Date: _____________ Signature of card holder: _______________________________________ Name: ________________________________ Title: ________________ Company: ________________________________________________________ Address: ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ Day Phone: _____________________ Evening: _____________________ Where did you learn about 4PRINT or obtain your trial copy? (If from a BBS, name and phone #; If from CIS, forum name.) _________________________________________________________________ Do you have any comments or suggestions to improve 4PRINT? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 4PRINT 3.20 ORDER FORM 4PRINT 3.20 ORDER FORM Remit to: Korenthal Associates, Inc. Tel: (212) 242-1790 230 West 13th Street FAX: (212) 242-2599 New York, New York 10011 CIS: [76004,2605] Attention: Customer Service ____ 4PRINT Registered Package @ $39.95 per copy ________ (includes disk, 4FOLD, KAZAP, manual, support) New York residents add applicable sales tax: Tax ________ Shipping and handling, US/Canada: $4 per copy All other countries: $8 per copy S+H ________ Total $ ________ Disk format: ( ) 5.25" acceptable ( ) 3.5" required Payment by: ( ) Check ( ) MC ( ) Visa ( ) PO # ___________ Card #: _______________________________ Exp. Date: _____________ Signature of card holder: _______________________________________ Name: ________________________________ Title: ________________ Company: ________________________________________________________ Address: ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ Day Phone: _____________________ Evening: _____________________ Where did you learn about 4PRINT or obtain your trial copy? (If from a BBS, name and phone #; If from CIS, forum name.) _________________________________________________________________ Do you have any comments or suggestions to improve 4PRINT? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________