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- SEAGATE TECHNOLOGY, INC.
- Technical Support Bulletin Board
- (408)438-8771 [300-9600 HST, MNP 3/5, N-8-1]
-
-
- About Choosing a Drive Type in an AT
-
- The drive types for SCSI, RLL, and ESDI interface drives are
- generally easy to determine, especially the SCSI drives.
-
- SCSI
-
- Almost all SCSI drives use DRIVE TYPE 0 or NONE, as the host adapter
- bios and the drive communicate together to establish the drive
- geometry. The low-level formatting routines are accessed on the
- host adapter through DEBUG. After the low-level format, follow the
- instructions for your DOS version for partitioning and system
- format. Note: SCSI drives from the Seagate Wren and Swift families
- are already low-level formatted at the factory.
-
- RLL / ESDI
-
- RLL and ESDI drives are usually not represented at all in the
- internal drive tables and consequently the controllers for these
- drives have onboard a ROM BIOS which either contains its own
- internal list of choices for the interface or else provides the
- ability to dynamically configure (define) the controller to the
- specific geometry of the drive. In the case of the ESDI interface,
- the controller gets parameters directly from the drive with a mode
- sense equivalent command. Unlike the SCSI, the CMOS drive type
- should start at 0 or NONE at the start of the installation (low
- level format through DEBUG - consult your controller manual for
- instructions), but it may be reset to DRIVE TYPE 1 by the controller
- card.
-
- Many of the older AT's only provided 14 (MFM only) or so drive types
- to choose from in the CMOS. The middle-aged AT's usually have up to
- 46 (still usually only MFM) types. Some newer AT's have drive types
- which begin to include direct support for the popular RLL and ESDI
- drives. If you have this newer kind of CMOS then by all means pick
- the one that matches the drive and DISABLE the controller Bios.
- (Note: This may also disable the controller's caching feature).
- Likewise, most new machines have a "User Definable" or "Custom"
- drive type that can be created and saved in the CMOS, thus providing
- a standard drive type. "User Definable" drive types will usually
- not work with most non-MS/PC-DOS applications.
-
- A special note on ESDI and other drives that have more than 1024
- cylinders. Since DOS cannot access cylinders above this 1024 limit,
- a translation scheme may be elected in the controller's bios. As
- the number of Logical Block Address (LBAs) is defined as
- CYLINDERS*HEADS*SECTORS PER TRACK, translations that equal the same
- number of LBAs with the cylinder count below the 1024 limit will be
- devised. The controller bios will need to be ENABLED in order to
- utilize translations schemes. (e.g. Many popular controllers
- increase the number of sectors and/or heads and decrease the # of
- cylinders to achieve an equivalent number of LBAs. See your
- controller manual for details.) After low-level formatting, follow
- the instructions for your DOS version for partitioning and system
- format.
-
- AT / IDE
-
- This idea of translation schemes bring us to the AT or IDE (Imbedded
- Drive Electronics) interface. These drives are intelligent in that
- they can use the geometry that represents their true physical
- parameters or else they can "mimic" other drive geometries (or
- translations) that equal or are very close to, but NOT exceeding,
- the same number of logical blocks. Note: Translate LBAs <= Native
- LBAs.
-
- Many AT/IDE drives have physical cylinder counts that are greater
- than 1024. Therefore, for DOS users, it is necessary to utilize the
- translate feature by using a geometry that keeps the cylinder count
- below 1024.
-
- In order of preference, choose the first that fits your system:
-
- 1. Does the CMOS have a drive type that matches your drive?
-
- no?
- 2. Does the CMOS have a drive type that has the same number of
- formatted megabytes?
-
- no?
- 3. Does the CMOS have a "custom" or "user definable" drive type
- option you can use? If so, use a translation geometry to keep the
- cylinder count below the DOS 1024 limit.
-
- no?
- 4. Do you have the Disk Manager program to provide a software
- driven solution? The Disk Manager will run automatically to perform
- the partitioning and system format.
-
- no?
- 5. Pick the drive type that comes closest to, but not
- exceeding, the formatted capacity of your drive. The final
- formatted capacity of the drive will be equal to the drive type
- chosen.
-
- *** Warning! ALL AT drives from Seagate are already low-level
- formatted at the factory.
-
- MFM (ST412 interface)
-
- Finally, the MFM drives and their associated drive types are next.
- If the internal drive type table lists the exact geometry, great. If
- not, then check to see if a "Custom" or "User Definable" CMOS option
- is available. Also, some AT 16-bit MFM controllers provide an
- onboard BIOS which will allow the unique geometry of the drive to be
- dynamically configured (our Seagate ST21M/22M MFM controllers have
- this VALUABLE feature). Otherwise, a drive type match that is close
- but not exceeding either the cylinder or head values is the only
- choice left. An exact match in the head count is definitely
- preferred when getting a "close" match.
-
- When there is no direct match in the internal drive type tables, a
- partitioning program may be needed to provide a software driven
- translation solution in order to achieve full capacity. Keep in
- mind that the drive will only format out to the capacity of the
- chosen drive type when not using partitioning software. In the
- event that the ST412 Interface drive has more than 1024 cylinders, a
- partitioning program will be needed in order to achieve full
- capacity.
-
-
- *** End-of-File DRIVETYP.TXT ***