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- Taking Advantage of Your PC's Hard Disk:
- Part I, File Management
-
- Barry Gordon
- New York Personal Computer, Inc.
-
- This article is about organizing files on any hard disk attached
- to a member of the IBM PC family, including the PC with an
- Expansion Unit, and certainly, the PC AT. The following
- suggestions have evolved from several months of using the IBM PC
- XT as a follow-on system to the IBM PC. I hope these thoughts
- prove useful to those who work with hard disks on the IBM PC,
- particularly those who are new to it.
-
- File Management
-
- The hard disk is not merely an overgrown diskette. It can be
- used that way, but you would be inviting serious file management
- problems in doing so. The hard disk has other capabilities you
- should utilize, and there is no reason not to take full advantage
- of the hard disk's potential.
-
- About the last thing you want to deal with is a ten megabyte hard
- disk containing all its files in one directory. (There is a
- limit of how many files the root directory can contain, so the
- disk may give you an error message even though much of the disk
- is not filled.) With intelligent organization, the hard disk
- retains its speed advantage over the diskette, and you are better
- able to keep track of your files as well. The name of each file
- should use filename and the three-letter extension. Sooner or
- later you will need all the help you can get in remembering what
- each file contains. Most importantly, though, your files should
- be organized among several directories.
-
- The Root Directory
-
- Each DOS volume (diskette or hard disk) has a root directory
- which DOS creates when it formats the disk. The root directory on
- your hard disk should contain a minimum of files, reserving the
- space for sub-directory names.
-
- Nonetheless, a few files are essential in the root directory.
- When you format the hard disk, use the /S parameter: FORMAT C:/S
- which copies three .COM files to your hard disk:
-
- (IBMBIO.COM)
- (IBMDOS.COM)
- COMMAND.COM
-
- Notice that the first two are hidden files. You won't see them
- in any DIRectory listing, but the CHKDSK command will tell you
- they are there.
-
- You should store the various DOS external command files and all
- data files in other sub-directories.
-
- Sub-directories for Executable Files
-
- Now let's consider locating your various executable program
- files--the .EXE, .COM, and .BAT files. You'll want to separate
- related programs into sub-directories of their own. For example,
- you may want one sub-directory containing all of the external DOS
- commands, another sub-directory with your word processing .COM
- and .EXE files, another with your accounting .COM and .EXE files,
- etc. until you have stored all of your executable programs into
- sub-directories. They are much easier to remember this way.
-
- The root directory has no user-assigned name, but all sub-
- directories are specifically created and named using the MKDIR
- command, MD for short:
-
- MD anyname
-
- You can create as many levels of sub-directories as you like, but
- generally, the fewer levels you have to create, the simpler your
- directory structure will be. There will be times when a second-
- or third-level sub-directory is needed (a directory created
- within another sub-directory), but multi-leveled sub-directories
- create a more complex path structure for both you and DOS to sort
- through.
-
- Directory Sizes
-
- You can fill a sub-directory with as many bytes as the disk will
- allow, but it is often convenient to limit the size of those sub-
- directories into which you regularly store data to the capacity
- of a single diskette, 320-360 KB. This allows you to back up a
- directory using the COPY command:
-
- COPY C:*.* A:
-
- The COPYable directory size offers an alternative to the BACKUP
- and RESTORE commands, an alternative that many find easier to
- use. It offers portability as well as backup. If you want to
- verify the copy with its original, you can follow the COPY
- command with this:
-
- COMP C: A:
-
- However, if you feel confident using the BACKUP and RESTORE
- commands, the contents of a single sub-directory can be as many
- bytes as you like. The bigger it is, the more time consuming the
- backup process becomes.
-
- Another suggestion is to give each backup diskette a volume
- label. This is especially useful if you use the COPY command to
- back up your sub-directories. By using the /V parameter when you
- format the diskette, you can label your diskette with the same
- name as the directory it backs up.
-
- It is rarely necessary to back up the entire hard disk.
- Typically, you store data changes in the files of a few sub-
- directories, those few being the only sub-directories you need to
- back up regularly. Many sub-directories never change, and need
- backing up only once.
-
- nly sub-directories you need to
- back up regularly. Man