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- HARD DISK BACKUP BATCH FILES
- - by -
- Steven E. Margison
-
-
- This document describes several batch (and one .exe file) which
- automate and track the backup of a hard disk system. The actual
- backup is done with the standard BACKUP utility, and is a
- combination of "epoch" and "incremental" backups.
-
- An "epoch" dump is a full dump of the entire hard disk.
-
- An "incremental" dump backs up only those files altered since the
- last epoch or incremental dump.
-
- The backup procedure described below is very reliable for
- preserving all data, is easy on disk usage, and is based on a
- very reliable backup system used on large UNIX systems. The
- general procedure is to perform an epoch dump initially, and then
- perform incremental dumps at regular intervals up to a maximum of
- 9 dumps. The tenth dump is another epoch dump, and the cycle
- repeats. Note that incremental dumps start at level 1 after an
- epoch dump, and that only one set of level 1-9 dumps needs to be
- saved. This is because an epoch dump removes the need for any
- previous incremental dumps.
-
- If enough disks are available, it is recommended that several
- "volumes" of epoch dump be maintained. On my system, I maintain 3
- epoch dumps, labeled "Volume A" through "Volume C". Incremental
- dumps are called "levels" and are labeled "Level 1" through
- "Level 9". After using epoch Volume C, I then go back to Volume
- A. This insures that several months will pass before re-using any
- epoch volume.
-
- As written, the batch files "epoch.bat" and "idump.bat" assume
- the existence of a directory named "c:\bat". If this does not
- exist, modify the batch files to indicate the desired directory
- for the log files. (Also modify "when.bat".)
-
- Each of the batch files "epoch" and "idump" are invoked with one
- argument; for "epoch", the letter of the epoch volume, and for
- "idump", the level number of the dump. These indicators have no
- real effect on the backup, but are logged into the logging files
- in order to keep track of what volumes/levels were done when.
-
- The batch file "when.bat" will report the last date/time and
- volume/level of epoch and incremental dumps.
-
- An executable file, "gtod.exe" is provided. This utility is used
- in the logging statements in "epoch" and "idump", and may be used
- as desired in other batch files. The program simply reads the
- system date/time and sends it in a nice format to stdout.
-
- How often should dumps be done? The epoch dump should be done
- initially and after 9 incremental dumps. The incremental dumps
- should be done as often as needed to insure a reasonable degree
- of file protection. If your system changes very few files in a
- week, incrementals may be done perhaps as little as every 14
- days. If your system is active, as mine is, incrementals every
- 3-5 days are in order.
-
- If you are involved in program developments (as I am), it is wise
- to copy all related files for a program to a disk each time a
- plateau in the program's development is reached. These files are
- not copied using the BACKUP command, but are simply copied to a
- diskette for archiving purposes. Normally, intermediate program
- disks can be erased when the program reaches a "release" stage of
- development, and only a disk with the released files saved.
-
- The combination of epoch dumps, incremental dumps, and archiving
- certain sensitive files to separate disks is a very reliable
- method of protecting hard disk data. If you are truly paranoid,
- you might consider keeping at least the epoch dumps in a
- different location than the computer and incremental dumps. For
- my personal system, I keep my epoch dumps in my desk at the
- office. Our office disks are kept in a rented security vault
- (which is a little too expensive for the average user).
-
- Recovery of a complete hard disk (God Forbid!) is accomplished by
- restoring the most recent epoch dump, followed by all
- incrementals done since the epoch dump in the order in which they
- were made. It is likely that some files may get restored more
- than once, but this is quite acceptable, since it insures that
- when you are done, the hard disk will be as complete and
- up-to-date as the last incremental dump. Naturally, don't use any
- incremental dumps which were left over from previous epoch dumps,
- since these will contain old data.
-
-
-
-
-
- ------------------------------------------------------------
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