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- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
- YAGIMAX 3.01 4/91
-
- By Lew Gordon, K4VX
-
- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
- Version 3.01 represents a complete revision of YAGIMAX from previous
- versions. YAGIMAX has now been available for about one year and was due
- for a "facelift". This new version allows the use of a mouse as well
- as <ALT> and "hot keys" for pull down menus such as are used in
- Microsoft's Word. Pull down help screens are available to assist the
- new user. Version 3.01 is approximately 60 percent faster than all
- previous versions due to the use of the Microsoft (R) Pro-Dev BASIC
- compiler. The use of a Microsoft (R) Mouse (or compatible) is
- recommended with version 3.01. Algorithms remain unchanged from
- versions 2.16 to 2.22.
- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
- The YAGIMAX program represents my latest attempt at antenna modeling
- software. It is based upon the assumption that the antenna is
- monotapered. The algorithm used for YAGIMAX is not derived from MININEC
- as was the case with all versions of YAGINEC, but is based upon the
- asumption that correctly designed Yagi antennas have a sinusodial
- current distribution which is well behaved. For correct results this
- requires that the user input realistic dimensions when using YAGIMAX.
-
- If you are a previous user of YAGINEC, the first thing you will
- observe is that YAGIMAX is exceedingly fast compared to YAGINEC.
- This is a result that the elements are not segmentized and
- massaged through Gaussian elimination with partial pivioting matrix
- inversion techniques (the real time consumer in YAGINEC/MININEC),
- but derived from the sinusodial current assumption mentioned above.
-
- To calculate the performance of an antenna using tapered element
- construction, the TAPER program must be used to determine the
- monotaper equivalent lengths of each element. A file can be created
- by TAPER to transport the dimensions to YAGIMAX.
-
- Where YAGINEC will allow the user to model interlaced elements for
- several bands (up to a maximum of ten elements), YAGIMAX will not
- provide as accurate results. This is because the current distribution
- on an element somewhat longer, or shorter, than one half wavelength
- will not have exact sinusoidal current distribution. With this in mind,
- the computed performance of a Yagi over +/- 20 percent from its resonant
- frequency may be inaccurate using YAGIMAX.
-
- The maximizing feature is not perfect, but can be used on an element
- by element basis to maximize either forward gain, or front to back.
- Each element change is cycled through the algorithm three times to
- provide a glimpse of what the VSWR is doing at preselected low and
- high frequencies. Each change is displayed on the screen for the user
- to observe. In many cases the user may want to check the list and
- manually re-enter a chosen dimension rather than accept the maximizing
- output. There will be some cases where a "runaway" optimization will
- occur. This can be halted by pressing the escape key. This can occur
- frequently in two or three element designs.
-
- Although it is included as a choice for maximizing, the driven element's
- length should never be used for optimization as it really has very little
- effect upon a Yagis performance except for feedpoint impedance. Also
- 2 and 3 element Yagis can display some rather unusual (and unusable)
- results when optimizing for forward gain using spacing adjustments. The
- feedpoint impedance can proceed to values less than one ohm! YAGIMAX only
- calculates directivity, not true gain which must include losses. The
- efficiencies of these very low feedpoint designs becomes very low.
-
- The results of YAGIMAX appear to be within 0.3 percent of those
- obtained with NEC2 using ten segments or more for calculation.
- The speed of YAGIMAX is about 50 times faster than YAGINEC using
- 8 segments per element. As with YAGINEC the more elements in the
- antenna, the slower the calculations.
-
- YAGIMAX will run in systems without a math co-processor but as with
- any math intensive program, much slower. A 20 element Yagi requires
- about 90 seconds per frequency step using an 8 mHz machine with no
- co-processor. The same antenna on a 20 mHz 80386 Gateway 2000 with
- 80387 co-processor performs 20 steps in 25 seconds.
-
- YAGIMAX 1.03 was the first general release of this program. As with
- all my programming efforts, YAGIMAX is shareware and is placed in the
- public domain. It is not to be sold or used for commercial gain.
- While I have made every effort to reduce bugs or other problems,
- I will not be responsible for any problems encountered from using
- YAGIMAX.
-
- VSWR plot will allow the user to move a frequency flag over the
- plotted curve by using the UP/DN cursor keys. The frequency
- represented by the cursor is displayed in the upper right
- hand corner.
-
- The "VIEW" of the Yagi shows the center of gravity (CG) of the
- antenna.It assumes that all elements weigh the same and the boom
- is uniform along it's length. The CG dimension is measured from
- the reflector end.
-
- Linear plotting of the results of Gain, F/B, and VSWR vs. frequency
- is provided. Those not familiar with the Smith Chart may find this
- display more conventional and understandable. However, if "off the
- wall" frequency steps are selected, you may get an "off the wall"
- display!
-
- E and H plane plotting in both free space and over perfect
- ground is provided. The algorithm used does not calculate the effect
- of mutual coupling between the stacked antennas, but assumes they
- are stacked sufficiently far apart to have minimal aperature overlap
- and mutual interreaction. The high angle lobes will be much lower in
- magnitude in actual practice over real earth as the reflection
- coefficient over real ground at the high angles drops drastically.
-
- Free space plotting of stacked Yagis in both polar and linear forms
- uses array factor for the antenna based upon uniform spacing.
- This feature allows inspection of the sidelobe levels of stacked
- arrays for VHF/UHF applications in moonbounce, or where reduction
- in the noise pickup from the sidelobes is critical. When using free
- space H-plane stacking to examine the the sidelobe levels, a -13 dB
- line may be toggled on and off by pressing <Z>. The -13 dB level
- is the accepted point at which maximum stacking gain can be
- achieved commensurate with sidelobe reduction.
-
- For Yagis with 20 elements or less the plots are made in 1.0 degree
- steps. Yagis with more than 20 elements are plotted in 0.5 degree
- steps (only available in the EGA/VGA mode). The doubling of the steps
- for longer boom antennas with greater than 20 elements almost doubles
- the processing time, but this was felt to be worth the delay due to
- the complex sidelobe structure of these antennas.
-
- The LINEAR plotting screen can be redimensioned to plot +/- 30
- degrees to provide close-in examination of the immediate sidelobe
- level. This feature is useful when plotting many element stacked
- arrays in free space. Simply press <S> to toggle the scale from
- +/- 180 to +/- 30 degrees scale.
-
- The Design Scale radius scaling algorithm described in Lawson's
- Yagi Antenna Design pages 7-3 to 7-5 is used to provide an accurate
- method of transferring the design of Yagi from one frequency to
- another.
-
- Versions beginning with 2.16 incorporate an empirically derived
- algorithm to compensate for the frequency descrepancy between
- NEC2 and YAGIMAX which occurs for large diameter/wavelength elements
- such as are used in VHF/UHF Yagis. Actual NEC runs of several antennas
- with varying element diameters were made and compared to YAGIMAX.
- A second order correction to the self-impedance algorithm in YAGIMAX
- was then made to compensate for the descrepancy. YAGIMAX now tracks
- NEC2 results very closely.
- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
- Most programs on this disk were written and compiled using Microsoft (R)
- QuickBASIC 4.5 (C) and do not require the presence of the run-time
- module BRUN45.EXE to operate as they are stand-alone versions.
- YAGIMAX 3.01 was compiled by Microsoft (R) Basic Professional
- Development System Version 7.0 which generates code that runs about
- 60 percent faster than QuickBASIC. The programs were written on a
- Gateway 2000 80386/387 computer with color VGA and 4MB of RAM operating
- under MS-DOS 4.01. I am now using MS-DOS 5.0 which loads in extended
- memory thus giving me 622KB of RAM for DOS programs!
- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
- General tips:
-
- To generate data for a 2 element Yagi where a director is used, simply
- enter the director length as a reflector and then place the driven
- element behind the director by entering the spacing as a negative number
- as in the example below:
-
- Reflector 31.000 0 0.8750
- Driven element 33.000 -9.5000 0.8750
-
- The numbers will come out correctly.
-
- For a reliable <PRT SCREEN> copy of graphics data insure that the
- transient and stay resident (TSR) program GRAPHICS.COM, which should be
- located either in your DOS sub-directory, or on one of your original
- MS-DOS system floppy disks, has been loaded prior to loading YAGIMAX.
- I load it from my AUTOEXEC.BAT file at startup.
-
- EGA/VGA monitors will probably require the monochrome graphics to allow
- <PRT SCREEN> to operate correctly. The color versions are much
- nicer to look at on the CRT, however. Changing from color to monochrome
- in YAGIMAX 3.01 can be done at anytime by selecting the menu "Monitor".
-
- As of March 1, 1991, I have some new hope for Hercules Graphic
- users. The utilities on this disk SIMCGA.COM, SETCGA.COM, and
- GRABBER.COM were sent to me by my good friend and antenna expert
- Dick Bird, G4ZU/F6IDC. If you are using the HGA card type START and
- the START batch file will load all of the necessary files into
- memory for simulating CGA on almost any machine (even those with no
- graphics card I am told!). Graphics hard copy can be helped by using
- GRABBER.COM. If you read French, the documentation is on the
- disk. As I do not have access to a Hercules graphics computer
- I cannot directly verify the above. You are on your own!
-
- Some users of EGA have encountered problems using <PRT SCR> to
- make a hard copy. It appears that placing the file EGAGRAF.COM
- (included on this disk) in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file may clear up
- this anomaly. The circles may come out somewhat eliptical, but
- this also can usually be corrected in most modern printers using
- a macro to reduce/increase line spacing prior to printing.
- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
- I have included the Yagi design program DL6WU-2 with my programs.
- This program is based upon the results obtained by DL6WU
- from actual antenna range testing of Yagis. Although it is empirically
- derived, the results are quite close to those obtained by using
- mathematical modelling such as YAGIMAX. It is particularly useful
- for VHF/UHF long boom designs. The algorithms and original interpretive
- BASIC program DL6WU-1.BAS were produced by KY4Z and W6NBI. The version
- DL6WU-2 is my compiled version of the same program.
- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
- If you received your copy of YAGIMAX from someone else other than me
- or via a BBS, you must send your donation to the address below or your
- concience will bother you forever!
-
- If you enjoy these programs don't hesitate to send your cards and letters
- (& donations!) to the following address:
-
- Lew Gordon, K4VX
- P.O. Box 105
- Hannibal, MO 63401
- (314) 221-7730
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