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AnaDisk The Compleat Diskette Utility Version 2.01, November, 1989 Copyright 1989, Sydex. All Rights Reserved. NOTICE THIS IS NOT FREE SOFTWARE! If you paid a "public domain" vendor for this program, you paid for the service of copying the program, and not for the program itself. Rest assured that nothing ever gets to the originators of this product from such a sale. You may evaluate this product, but if you make use of it, you must register your copy. We offer several inducements to you for registering. First of all, you receive the most up-to-date copy of the program that we have -- and we do update the product on a regular basis. You also receive support for AnaDisk -- which can be quite valuable at times. You also receive complete printed documentation for the product. A "do-it-yourself" update service is offered to registered users through our own BBS. And finally, we include an evaluation package of some of our other software products. Make no mistake, however--this is a fully functional version of AnaDisk and not "crippled" in any way. As a final inducement to you--the regis- tered package does not contain the advertising copy... REGISTRATION INFORMATION The non-commercial single-user registration fee for AnaDisk is $25.00 US. The commercial and multisystem site fee for AnaDisk is $150.00. Users outside of Canada and the United States should include an addi- tional $5.00 for international airmail. We can accept payment only in U.S. funds. Send a check or company P.O. for the appropriate amount to: Sydex 153 North Murphy Ave. Sunnyvale, CA 94086 We can also accept VISA or Master Charge; contact us for details. On corporate orders, our terms are normally net 30. Please indicate what product you are ordering and if you have a requirement for 3.5" media. We nor- mally ship 5.25" 360K diskettes, but will furnish 3.5" 720K media upon request. If you are a registered user of this product and desire an update, please send $4.00 for handling and we will ship you an up-to-date copy. Please add $3.00 for printed documentation to cover duplication costs. Table of Contents Overview.....................................................1 Installing AnaDisk...........................................1 Running AnaDisk..............................................4 Scan Operation..............................................8 Edit Sectors Operation.....................................10 Examine Files..............................................16 Search.....................................................20 Copy Diskette..............................................24 Repair.....................................................26 FAT Editor.................................................27 Custom Format Design.......................................29 Dump Operation.............................................31 In Conclusion..............................................32 Other Sydex Products........................................33 DISTRIBUTION NOTICE This is "user-supported" software. You are hereby granted a license by Sydex to distribute this evaluation copy of AnaDisk and its documentation, subject to the following conditions: 1. AnaDisk may be distributed freely without charge in evaluation form only. 2. AnaDisk may not be sold, licensed, or a fee charged for its use. If a fee is charged in connection with AnaDisk, it must cover the cost of copying or dissemination only. Such charges must be clearly identified as such by the originating party. Under no circumstances may the purchaser be given the im- pression that he is buying AnaDisk itself. 3. AnaDisk must be presented as a complete unit, in- cluding this documentation. Neither AnaDisk nor its documentation may be amended or altered in any way. 4. By granting you the right to distribute the evalua- tion form of AnaDisk, you do not become the owner of AnaDisk in any form. Any other use, distribution or representation of AnaDisk is expressly forbidden without the written consent of Sydex. -------------------- CP/M, CP/M-80 and CP/M 2.2 are trademarks of Digital Research. MS-DOS is a trademark of Microsoft. IBM PC, PC-XT and PC-AT are trademarks of International Business Machines. CompatiCard is a trademark of MicroSolutions, Inc. Overview AnaDisk is a utility for examining, editing and analyzing dis- kettes. It performs the following functions: * Analyze diskettes for content and consistency. The density and format of diskettes are automatically determined; any format changes or media errors are noted. In the case of DOS diskettes, checks are made to ensure that a diskette complies with generally ac- cepted DOS implementation practice. * Search diskettes for text. Both case-sensitive and case-insensitive searches may be performed, as well as search keys with "wild card" or "don't care" positions. Both the active data areas, as well as the inactive or erased data areas may be searched. * Examine and print data on a physical sector, as well as on a file basis. Either ASCII or hexadecimal displays may be used. * Copy a diskette without regard to format or type. * Modify data on a diskette. * Repair DOS diskettes containing data errors. * Format a diskette according to custom specifications. * Copy an area of a diskette to a DOS file. AnaDisk features a menu-driven "windowed" presentation. Exten- sive context-sensitive on-line help is available. AnaDisk requires an IBM PC or PS/2 compatible computer for opera- tion. Certain computers, such as the Tandy 1000, 2000 or the IBM PC Jr., are not sufficiently compatible to support AnaDisk. At least 512K of memory and a hard disk are recommended for AnaDisk operation, although some function may be obtained with as little as 384K on a diskette-only system. Installing AnaDisk The software for AnaDisk is contained in two programs. The first, the installation program, called ADINSTAL, is used to determine the diskette configuration of the computer being used. This installation program modifies the second part, the file ANADISK.EXE, with the diskette configuration information. Page 1 +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ AnaDisk INSTALLATION PROGRAM Ver. 2.01 Copyright 1989, Sydex. All Rights Reserved. This program installs AnaDisk. Installation is a one-time task; you should not need to re-run this program unless you have changed your equipment configuration. Installation may be performed with a single diskette, or any combination of diskettes and hard disks. The most common installation is from a dis- kette to a hard disk. During this installation, you will be asked to provide a copy of the AnaDisk files. If you don't have these files, press ESCape to exit now. This installation procedure selects diskette drive types and processor type. In addition, the installed AnaDisk is copied to a destination drive of your choice. If you do not wish to install AnaDisk at this time, press ESCape. Press any other key to continue... +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ Figure 1: ADINSTAL Opening Screen AnaDisk must be installed prior to use. After installation, AnaDisk need not be re-installed unless the configuration of the computer being used is changed. It is possible to re-install an already installed copy of AnaDisk. To install AnaDisk, first load DOS. Insert the AnaDisk distribu- tion diskette into diskette drive A:, then enter the following command: A:ADINSTAL and press the ENTER key. The display in Figure 1 will appear. Press the ENTER key to con- tinue with the installation process. Prompts will appear for the source and destination disk drives. AnaDisk may be re-installed over itself, if need be. Otherwise, the source copy of AnaDisk is not modified by the installation software. After AnaDisk has been read from the specified source drive, the display in Figure 2 appears. ADINSTAL groups PC-Compatibles into those having a PC XT-type of architecture, or those having a PC AT-type. However, this division is not always clear, par- ticularly in the case of an XT-class PC with an add-in high- Page 2 density diskette controller. These are provided by a number of vendors for enhancement purposes, and their presence requires that the PC be declared as an AT-style computer. +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ Although your computer may be an XT-type system, you may wish to force it to be treated as an AT-class machine if you have a high-density diskette controller. On the other hand, if you are using a Toshiba 3100, you probably need to indicate that it's an XT-type machine to get the diskette drives to operate correctly. You have a PC AT, IBM PS/2 or compatible. Is this correct? (Y or N) +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ Figure 2: ADINSTAL Computer Selection If permitted, ADINSTAL will attempt to determine the diskette configuration of the computer. In any case, a display similar to the following screen (Figure 3) is shown: DISKETTE CONFIGURATION The following diskettes are present on your computer: NO. DRIVE UNIT ADAPTER DRIVE TYPE STEP RATE 1. A: 0 PRIMARY 1.2M 5.25" 6 msec. 2. B: 1 PRIMARY 1.44M 3.5" 6 msec. 3. (NONE DEFINED) 4. (NONE DEFINED) 5. (NONE DEFINED) 6. (NONE DEFINED) 7. (NONE DEFINED) 8. (NONE DEFINED) Are there any changes? (Y or N) +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ Figure 3: Diskette Configuration Display Page 3 Information contained on this display may be changed until the data reflects the actual configuration of the host computer. DRIVE is used by AnaDisk to refer to a diskette drive. While it is advisable that the drive letter be the same as that used by DOS to refer to that drive, any letter can be used. UNIT refers to the physical unit number of a drive. Some diskette adapters are able to access only two drives, physical units 0 and 1. Other adapters, particularly those of the XT variety, can access up to four drives, physical units 0, 1, 2 and 3. If a second diskette adapter has been added to the host computer, it will be necessary to configure units attached to that adapter as Secondary. Note that, on secondary adapters, the physical unit numbering starts over again with unit 0. It will be neces- sary to specify the base I/O port address of this adapter; most comon adapters use 0370 as the secondary base address. The dis- kette adapter manufacturer's reference material should be checked to verify this, however. The drive step rate refers to how quickly the positioning mechanism in a drive is able to move the read/write heads from cylinder to cylinder. In almost all instances of 5.25" drives, the default of 6 milliseconds will be satisfactory. This value sometimes needs to changed for some of the older 8" diskette drives. AnaDisk does not explicitly support dual-speed 5.25" drives. A dual-speed drive is one that rotates the media at 300 RPM for low-density recording and 360 RPM for high-density recording. If it is desired to use a dual-speed drive, it must be declared as two separate drives, a high-density drive, and a low-density drive, using two different drive letters. After the diskette drives have been configured for AnaDisk, the installed program file is written to the specified destination path and drive, and AnaDisk is ready for use. Running AnaDisk To start AnaDisk, simply enter the following at the DOS prompt: ANADISK and press the ENTER key. AnaDisk will normally adjust its video display routines to make use of the display adapter in use. However, if the display adapter is of a color type and the dis- play monitor itself is monochrome, it will be necessary to start AnaDisk with the following command to get a readable display: ANADISK M Page 4 AnaDisk has many displays and functions, but there are certain keys which always have the same effect during AnaDisk operation: F1 is the Help key. It may be pressed any time additional information is required. The help displays in AnaDisk can be characterized as being Context-Sensitive. That is, only information relevant to the current operation is presented. For example, if AnaDisk were prompting for a file name, F1 would produce a display that presented information about the application of the file being requested. ESCape is the Exit key. It may be pressed at any time to terminate the operation in progress. Unless otherwise noted, pressing ESCape will cause AnaDisk to return to the display that preceded the current one. If ESCape is pressed a sufficient number of times, AnaDisk will exit to DOS. When an abnormal condition has been detected in AnaDisk, a small window describing the condition will appear. This window is referred to as the "Alert Box": ╔════════<>^v to Move══════════╗ ║ Drive A: is not ready. ║ ║ Please correct and press ║ ║ any key to continue. ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════╝ The Alert Box may be moved around the screen by means of the cur- sor keys. Up- and down-cursor move the Alert Box up or down one character row, respectively. Right- and left-cursor have a similar effect. The Home key moves the Alert Box to the upper left corner of the display; End moves it to the lower left. PgUp moves the Alert Box to the upper right corner of the display and PgDn moves it to the lower right. After AnaDisk is loaded by DOS, the following display (Figure 4) appears: Page 5 +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ ESC to Exit AnaDisk 2.01 F1 for Help ╔══════════════════════════════════╗╔═══════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║║ Select - ESCape to quit, F1, help ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════╝╚═══════════════════════════════════╝ ╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ MAIN MENU ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ Select function with cursor keys. ENTER (<┘) confirms ║ ║ your choice and goes to next menu. F1 gets help, ESCape exits ║ ║ to DOS. ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ SCAN SECTOR FILE SEARCH COPY REPAIR FAT FORMAT DUMP ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝ +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ Figure 4: AnaDisk Opening Display If the ESCape key is pressed, AnaDisk exits to DOS. Otherwise, the cursor right- and left- arrow keys are used to position to highlight, and thereby select, the desired function. After a function has been selected, pressing the ENTER key will cause a menu specific to the particular function to be displayed. The functions performed by AnaDisk are as follows: The Scan function reads an entire diskette and points out any problems or inconsistencies. A quick look is taken at all of the files on the diskette and checks are made to ensure that file contents are consistent with the file type. A "log" of the activity can be printed, if desired. Sectors provides a diskette editing function, operating on a sector-by-sector basis. Diskette data can be printed, displayed or changed. Files provides a facility to examine file data on the basis of file name, rather than physical diskette sector ad- dresses. It is possible to "walk" the directory tree and print or display file data. Page 6 Search provides a facility to search for data on a diskette. A number of search key values can be specified and these may contain "wild-card" or "don't care" values. The results of the search can be displayed or printed. Copy provides a disk-to-disk copying function. A "true" copy of an entire diskette is produced within the limits of the PC diskette adapter hardware. It is not necessary to pre-format the target diskette, but it is advisable to write-protect the source diskette. Repair scans a DOS diskette for data errors and attempts to mitigate their effect by "moving" the contents of er- roneous sectors to other areas of the diskette. FAT provides a DOS File Allocation Table editor. Format supplies a custom diskette formatting capability. This is a feature intended for advanced users. Dump copies specified areas of a diskette to a DOS file. The diskette being copied need not be a DOS diskette. As is the case throughout AnaDisk, help may be obtained by press- ing F1. +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ ESC to Exit AnaDisk 2.01 F1 for Help ╔══════════════════════════════════╗╔═══════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║║ Select - ESCape to quit, F1, help ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════╝╚═══════════════════════════════════╝ ╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ Scan DISKETTE ║ ║ ║ ║ Select choices with cursor keys. Move between lines with up, down ║ ║ keys. ENTER (<┘) begins execution. F1 gets help, ESCape ║ ║ goes back to the opening menu. ║ ║ ║ ║ Diskette Unit A: B: ║ ║ ║ ║ Printer output NO YES ║ ║ ║ ║ Pause after anomalies NO YES ║ ║ ║ ╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝ +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ Figure 5: Scan Menu Page 7 Scan Operation When the Scan function is selected, the display shown in Figure 5 appears. The choice for each item in the menu can be selected by positioning the highlighted area using the right- and left-cursor keys. The up- and down-cursor keys select the desired menu item. When the desired selections have been made, the ENTER key is pressed to begin processing Scan mode. The Scan function reads an entire diskette and attempts to dis- cover data errors or inconsistencies. AnaDisk first determines the layout of cylinders, tracks and sectors, then attempts to classify the diskette according to operating system type. If the diskette appears to have a DOS format, a validity check is made of the File Allocation Table (FAT). Finally, every sector of the diskette is read, and errors and format changes noted. +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ ESC to Exit AnaDisk 2.01 F1 for Help ├┴┴╫┴┴┴┴╫┴┴┴┴╫^┴┴┴╫┴┴┴┴╫┴┴┴╫┴┴┴┴╫┴┴┴╫┴┴┴┴╫┴┴┴╫┴┴┴┴╫┴┴┴┴╫┴┴┴┴╫┴┴┴┴╫┴┴┴┴╫┴┴ 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 ╔══════════════════════════════════╗╔═══════════════════════════════════╗ ║ A: Cyl 16 Side 1 Cluster 144 ║║ Working... ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════╝╚═══════════════════════════════════╝ ╔════════════ GENERAL ═════════════╗╔════════════ ANALYSIS ════════════╗ ║ ║║ Track 8, Side 0 ║ ║ Double-Sided Double Density ║║ Sector 4, data error ║ ║ Interleave is 1:1 ║║ ║ ║ Sector size is 512 bytes ║║ ║ ║ Side 0 sector ID's 1 - 9 ║║ ║ ║ Side 1 sector ID's 1 - 9 ║║ ║ ║ ║║ ║ ║ DOS 5¼" 360K Format ║║ ║ ║ ║║ ║ ║ ║║ ║ ║__________________________________║║ ║ ║ FILE ALLOCATION TABLE (FAT) ║║ ║ ║ ║║ ║ ║ Sectors Used: 540 ( 270K) ║║ ║ ║ Sectors Reserved: 0 ( 0K) ║║ ║ ║ Sectors Flawed: 30 ( 15K) ║║ ║ ║ Sectors Free: 138 ( 69K) ║║ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════╝╚═══════════════════════════════════╝ +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ Figure 6: Scan function operating display. Page 8 A normal Scan function operating display is shown in Figure 6. The "thermometer bar" across the top of the screen indicates where AnaDisk is positioned on the diskette. The small arrow on the display points down if the first side of a diskette is being accessed, or up for the second side. In addition, position is also shown in the small window in the upper-left part of the dis- play. A progress message is displayed in the small window in the upper-right part of the display. The window labeled GENERAL contains information about the static or unchanging aspects of the diskette under examination, such as number of sectors per track and File Allocation Table informa- tion. The window labeled ANALYSIS describes events of a dynamic nature, such as read errors and anomalies in diskette structure. This window uses a scrolling display; that is, the oldest infor- mation is replaced by the newest. For DOS diskettes with readable file allocation information, the lower part of the GENERAL window presents the data contained in the File Allocation Table (FAT) on the diskette. If Pause after anomalies on the Scan menu is selected, some in- formation is presented by opening an additional window which overlays the display and temporarily suspends AnaDisk operation until acknowledged from the keyboard. If Pause after anomalies is not selected, important information is written in the ANALYSIS window, but operation of AnaDisk is not suspended. If Printer output is selected, a running log of analysis informa- tion is printed on the default printer (the DOS PRN: device). ╔═══════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ BOOT SECTOR INFORMATION ║ ║ ║ ║ System Name.................IBM 3.3 ║ ║ Bytes/Sector................512 ║ ║ Sectors/Cluster.............2 ║ ║ Reserved Sectors............1 ║ ║ Number of FATs..............2 ║ ║ Root Directory Entries......112 ║ ║ Sectors on Diskette.........720 ║ ║ Media Byte..................fd ║ ║ Sectors/FAT.................2 ║ ║ Sectors/Track...............9 ║ ║ Number of Sides.............2 ║ ║ Other Reserved Sectors......0 ║ ╚═══════════════════════════════════════╝ Figure 7: Scan function Boot Sector display. Page 9 One of the items of information that AnaDisk displays during Scan operation is shown in Figure 7. This shows information contained in the first sector of a DOS diskette, which will be used in per- forming file structure analysis of the diskette. If the number of sides declared by the DOS Boot Sector does not match that actually detected by AnaDisk, one of the following Alert Box messages appears: This is a double-sided DOS This is a single-sided DOS format, but only one side format, but both sides has data. Press any key have data. Do you want to to resume... check both sides (Y or N)? The Scan function can detect media errors. A few of the more common error messages displayed in the ANALYSIS window are: Data Error Meaning: Information has been read from the diskette, but inter- nal checks made by the controller indicate that the data trans- ferred is suspect. ID but no Data Found Meaning: The marker identifying the beginning of a sector is present, but not the marker that signifies that data follows. No data is transferred by the diskette controller. Sector Missing Gap in Addresses Meaning: In DOS diskettes, sectors are numbered consecutively. This message indicates that one or more sectors could not be found in the normal numbering sequence. This message can also be indicative of some copy-protection schemes. No Data on Track Meaning: The diskette track may be blank or be written in some other recording mode, such as single-density or those modes used by Apple or Commodore. It is not possible to read this track with the standard PC-style diskette adapter. Edit Sectors Operation When the Edit Sectors operation is selected from the Main Menu, the display shown in Figure 8 appears. Page 10 The Edit Sectors function provides a facility to inspect, change and print diskette data on a sector-by-sector basis, as con- trasted with Examine Files, which implements inspection of data within a specified DOS file. +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ ESC to Exit AnaDisk 2.01 F1 for Help ╔══════════════════════════════════╗╔═══════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║║ Select - ESCape to quit, F1, help ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════╝╚═══════════════════════════════════╝ ╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ EDIT SECTORS ║ ║ ║ ║ Select choice with cursor keys. ENTER (<┘) begins ║ ║ execution. F1 gets help, ESCape goes back to the opening menu. ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ Diskette Unit A: B: ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝ +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ Figure 8: Edit Sectors menu The Edit Sectors sub-menu provides for the selection of a dis- kette unit. Like the Scan function, Edit Sectors begins operation by deter- mining the diskette type and drive characteristics. After this is done, the track and side containing the sector(s) to be inspected or modified can be selected. The right- and left-cursor keys are used to select the track; the up- and down-cursor keys are used to select the head or side con- taining the sector. The "thermometer" line shows this position change correspondingly. When the ENTER key is pressed, the track is read for analysis and a track map is displayed as shown in Figure 9. The desired sector is selected from the displayed track map by use of the up- and down-cursor keys. When the sector to be edited is highlighted, the ENTER key is pressed to display the data for that sector. If either the right- or left-cursor key is pressed, the next or previous track is analyzed, and the track map for that track displayed. If the ESCape key is pressed, AnaDisk returns to the track selection display. Page 11 +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ ESC to Exit AnaDisk 2.01 F1 for Help ├┴┴╫┴┴┴┴╫┴┴┴┴╫^┴┴┴╫┴┴┴┴╫┴┴┴╫┴┴┴┴╫┴┴┴╫┴┴┴┴╫┴┴┴╫┴┴┴┴╫┴┴┴┴╫┴┴┴┴╫┴┴┴┴╫┴┴┴┴╫┴┴ 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 ╔══════════════════════════════════╗╔═══════════════════════════════════╗ ║ A: Cyl 1 Side 0 Cluster 5 ║║ Working... ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════╝╚═══════════════════════════════════╝ ╔══════════════════════════════ TRACK MAP ══════════════════════════════╗ ║ Select sector ^v, ENTER starts edit, Change track -><-, Exit ESC ║ ║ ║ ║ CYL HEAD SECT SIZE FLAGS ║ ║ 1 0 1 512 ║ ║ 1 0 2 512 ║ ║ 1 0 3 512 ║ ║ 1 0 4 512 ║ ║ 1 0 5 512 ║ ║ 1 0 6 512 ║ ║ 1 0 7 512 ║ ║ 1 0 8 512 ║ ║ 1 0 9 512 ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝ +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ Figure 9: Edit Sectors track map Sectors having errors are marked in the track map with an E in the FLAGS column; those having a Deleted Data Address Mark are marked with the letter M. When the desired sector has been selected, the editing display appears as shown in Figure 10. Initially, sector data is dis- played in an ASCII representation, with undisplayable control characters shown as dots. The F8 key may be used to toggle be- tween this ASCII display and a mixed hexadecimal-ASCII display, as illustrated in Figure 11. The current position within the sector data is indicated by a highlighted reverse video block, and may be moved by use of any of the cursor keys. Data on the display may be changed by simply entering new data at the current position. However, data is not written to the diskette until Alt-F2 is pressed. If data is changed, the notation ALTERED ap- pears in the menu window. Page 12 +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ ESC to Exit AnaDisk 2.01 F1 for Help ╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ F1 HELP F2 Read Sect F3 Print F4 Disk Print F5 Shift < ║ ║ F6 Shift > F7 NOT F8 Alpha F9 Read Last F10 Read Next ║ ║ F2S Diag. Read F3S What File? F4S Save F5S Recall F6S Fill->End ║ ║ F9S Track - 1 F10S Track + 1 F2A Write F3A Reformat ESC QUIT ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ Clust 3 Cyl 1 Side 0 Sect 9, Size 512 0000(0) ║ ╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝ ╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ 0000 RNT=0ττ1170 GOSUB 14310 'TOGGLE CAPSLOCK ONττ1180 GOSUB 11700 'W║ ║ 0040 HAT KIND OF VIDEO ADAPTERττ1190 GOSUB 11850 'display Soft-SHARE ║ ║ 0080 logoττ1200 GOSUB 12120 'REQUEST RUNTIME OPTIONSττ1210 START$=""τ║ ║ 00c0 τ1220 FINISH$=""ττ1230 S=1ττ1240 ROWLINES=10ττ1250 PAGESIZE=50ττ║ ║ 0100 1260 FREELMT=10ττ1270 LINECNT=0ττ1280 PRVLNUM=-32768!ττ1290 CURL║ ║ 0140 INE!=0ττ1300 'ττ1310 IF RUNTYPE<3 GOTO 1470ττ1320 IF RUNTYPE>4 G║ ║ 0180 OTO 1470ττ1330 READ RESCNTττ1340 DIM RESWRD$(158) ' RESWRD$(153)║ ║ 01c0 FIXED IF COMPILEDττ1350 DIM WORDFLAG(158) ' WORDFLAG(153) ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝ +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ Figure 10: ASCII Sector display +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ ╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║0000 52 4e 54 3d 30 0d 0a 31 31 37 30 20 47 4f 53 55 RNT=0··1170 GOSU║ ║0010 42 20 31 34 33 31 30 20 27 54 4f 47 47 4c 45 20 B 14310 'TOGGLE ║ ║0020 43 41 50 53 4c 4f 43 4b 20 4f 4e 0d 0a 31 31 38 CAPSLOCK ON··118║ ║0030 30 20 47 4f 53 55 42 20 31 31 37 30 30 20 27 57 0 GOSUB 11700 'W║ ║0040 48 41 54 20 4b 49 4e 44 20 4f 46 20 56 49 44 45 HAT KIND OF VID ║ ║0050 4f 20 41 44 41 50 54 45 52 0d 0a 31 31 39 30 20 O ADAPTER··1190 ║ ║0060 47 4f 53 55 42 20 31 31 38 35 30 20 27 64 69 73 GOSUB 11850 'dis║ ║0070 70 6c 61 79 20 53 6f 66 74 2d 53 48 41 52 45 20 play Soft-SHARE ║ ║0080 6c 6f 67 6f 0d 0a 31 32 30 30 20 47 4f 53 55 42 logo··1200 GOSUB║ ║0090 20 31 32 31 32 30 20 27 52 45 51 55 45 53 54 20 12120 'REQUEST ║ ║00a0 52 55 4e 54 49 4d 45 20 4f 50 54 49 4f 4e 53 0d RUNTIME OPTIONS ║ ║00b0 0a 31 32 31 30 20 53 54 41 52 54 24 3d 22 22 0d ·1210 START$="" ║ ║00c0 0a 31 32 32 30 20 46 49 4e 49 53 48 24 3d 22 22 ·1220 FINISH$=""║ ╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝ +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ Figure 11: Mixed Hexadecimal-ASCII display. Several function key combinations will specialized functions, as follows: Page 13 F1 obtains a brief Help display. F2 Re-reads the current sector. This function may be needed if data in the sector display has been modified, and it is desired to bring back the original data. F3 Prints the current sector on the DOS printer (PRN:). A mixed hexadecimal-ASCII format is used. F4 Writes a mixed hexadecimal-ASCII representation of the sec- tor data to a standard DOS file. If the DOS file exists prior to the F4 operation, the data is appended to the end of the file. Otherwise, a new file is created. F5 Shifts the data from the current (highlighted) position to the end of the sector one bit left. Bits shifted out of the high-order positions of the current byte are lost; low order positions at the end of the current sector are filled with zero. F6 Shifts the data from the current (highlighted) position to the end of the sector one bit right. Bits shifted out of the low-order positions of the last byte in the sector are lost; high-order bit positions at the current byte are filled with zero. The shift-right and -left functions are useful in reconstructing information in a sector which has become garbled because of a data read error. F7 Performs the one's complement Boolean operation on sector data from the current (highlighted) position to the end of the sector. F8 Toggles the display mode from ASCII to mixed ASCII- hexadecimal. F9 Reads the sector immediately preceding the current one. If the current sector is the first on the track, F9 re-reads the current sector. F10 Reads the sector immediately following the current one. If the current sector is the last on the track, F10 re-reads the current sector. Shift-F2 Performs a "diagnostic read" of the current track. A diagnostic read involves reading the data field of the first sec- tor and continues with all fields until 16,384 bytes have been read. ID fields, gap bytes and CRCs are read indiscriminately; no attempt to re-synchronize the data discrimination logic is made after the first sector has been read. This function allows viewing of raw data and may be used to determine the value of a data field whose address ID field has been corrupted, or data contained within inter-sector gaps. See the Diskette Tutorial section for more information. Page 14 Shift-F3 Identifies the file of which the sector is a part. Note that is function is available only for DOS diskettes. Shift-F4 Saves the contents of the sector in an internal buffer. Each time Shift-F4 is depressed, the previous contents of the save buffer are lost. Shift-F5 Recalls the contents of the save buffer to the current display. Note that the contents of the buffer are not written to the diskette. Shift-F6 Fills the sector from the current position to the end of the sector with the value at the current position. Shift-F9 Analyzes the preceding track and displays the track map for it. If the current track is the first on the diskette, it is re-read. Shift-F10 Analyzes the following track and displays the track map for it. Alt-F2 Writes the contents of the editing display back to the diskette. Alt-F3 First reads all sectors on the current track, then re- formats the current track with a fresh format pattern, then re- writes the sectors back to the track. A display requesting con- firmation appears before the track is reformatted. ESCape Returns to the track map for this track. In addition to this information, the menu window also shows the current sector, the position within the sector in both decimal and hexadecimal and the following flags, if applicable: ERR The sector could not be read without error. Before an attempt is made to read a sector, the data is set to all zero. If the error is one that results in no data being transferred, the display will show all zero. CTL MK A Deleted Data ID Address Mark was detected on the current sector. DOS makes no use of this feature and never writes this flag, but AnaDisk does detect its presence and reports it. Page 15 Examine Files The Examine Files function provides for examination of data con- tained in DOS files. After the Examine Files function has been selected from the Main Menu, the diskette unit to be examined is selected from a subsidiary menu similar to that used for Edit Sectors. The main Examine Files display presents a list of file names con- tained in the root directory of a diskette. The cursor up- and down-arrow keys are used to select the highlighted file or direc- tory name to be examined; the file name display can be "paged" by means of the Page Up (PgUp) or Page Down (PgDn) keys. Figure 12 shows a sample display. +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ ESC to Exit AnaDisk 2.01 F1 for Help ╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ F1 Help F2 Examine Sector F3 Display File ║ ║ F4 Show Deleted F5 Print ASCII F6 Print Hex ║ ║ F7 Edit FAT ENTER Select Directory ESC Exit ║ ║ ║ ║ Attributes: Archive Directory Volume label Hidden Read only System ║ ║ ║ ║ Directory: \ ║ ╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝ ╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ NAME ATTRIB TIME DATE LENGTH CLUS ║ ║ ║ ║ MKCHARS.C A 14:17:21 11/16/89 1195 2 ║ ║ TEXT2DAT.C A 14:17:21 11/16/89 993 4 ║ ║ IMGCPY.C A 14:17:21 11/16/89 6058 5 ║ ║ SAVECMOS.C A 14:17:22 11/16/89 4443 11 ║ ║ PUTCMOS.C A 14:17:22 11/16/89 5010 16 ║ ║ VERUSER.C A 14:17:22 11/16/89 11462 21 ║ ║ SAD.C A 14:17:23 11/16/89 4356 33 ║ ║ HEXSRCH.C A 14:17:23 11/16/89 3904 38 ║ ║ CGEN2ASM.C A 14:17:24 11/16/89 1127 42 ║ ║ CGEN2HP.C A 14:17:24 11/16/89 8594 44 ║ ║ PRUNE.C A 14:17:24 11/16/89 4003 53 ║ ╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝ +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ Figure 12: Examine Files display Page 16 In the window displaying file names, the meanings of the column labels are as follows: NAME is the name of the file. ATTRIB show flags for the file attributes. These are as follows: A is the "archive" flag. This flag is used by back-up utilities and is set whenever the file is created or modified. Most back-up utilities clear this flag once the file has been backed up. D is the "directory" flag. When this flag is present, the name shown is the name of a directory, rather than a file. V is the "volume label" flag. When this flag is present, the name shown is the name of the volume label for this diskette. This name can be changed by means of the DOS LABEL utility. H is the "hidden" flag. When this flag is present, the file name will not be shown in a DOS directory listing. R is the "read only" flag. When this flag is set, DOS will not permit the file to be written to. This flag is modified by means of the DOS ATTRIB command. S is the "system" flag. This flag is nor- mally only associated with DOS files loaded at system "boot" time. Files flagged with this attribute are also implicitly read-only and hidden (R and H attributes). To examine the files in a particular subdirectory, highlight the subdirectory name and press ENTER. To go back to the parent directory of a subdirectory, position to the .. entry and press ENTER. Several functions are available on the Examine Files menu: F1 obtains a brief Help display. Page 17 F2 causes the Edit Sectors display to be activated, using the first sector of the current (highlighted) file. All functions on the Edit Sectors menu operate nor- mally, with the following exceptions: F9 moves one sector back within the file. F10 moves one sector forward within the file. Shift-F9 and Shift-F10 do nothing. ESCape returns to the Examine Files menu, not to the track map. In addition, the relative byte offset within the file is displayed, in addition to the cylinder, side and sector. F3 displays the currently highlighted file as ASCII text. The cursor-up, cursor-down, PgUp, PgDn, Home and End keys may be used to navigate within a file. Data past the end-of-file point is displayed following the nota- tion: >>> END-OF-FILE <<< F4 toggles the file directory display between Active and Deleted or erased files. A deleted file always has a "sigma" as the first character of the name. Figure 13 shows a deleted files display. F5 causes the currently highlighted file to be printed as ASCII text. Data past the end-of-file point is also printed, with the end-of-file shown as in the F3 func- tion, above. F6 causes the currently highlighted file to be printed as a mixed ASCII-hexadecimal representation. F7 brings up the File Allocation Table (FAT) editor, and positions the display to the first cluster of the cur- rent file. ENTER changes the display to the highlighted directory. To return to the parent of the current directory, high- light the .. entry and press ENTER. Page 18 +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ ESC to Exit AnaDisk 2.01 F1 for Help ╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ F1 Help F2 Examine Sector F3 Display File ║ ║ F4 Show Deleted F5 Print ASCII F6 Print Hex ║ ║ F7 Edit FAT ENTER Select Directory ESC Exit ║ ║ ║ ║ Attributes: Archive Directory Volume label Hidden Read only System ║ ║ ║ ║ Directory: \ ║ ╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝ ╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ NAME ATTRIB TIME DATE LENGTH CLUS ║ ║ ║ ║ σNADISK.EXE A 15:16:01 05/16/89 71313 68 ║ ║ σRCHECK.EXE A 11:55:20 06/29/89 5084 302 ║ ║ σNSTALL.EXE A 10:36:05 09/07/89 0 0 ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝ +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ Figure 13: Deleted files display. It is possible to display and print data belonging to deleted files, if the file has not already been overwritten. If an at- tempt is made to display or print an overwritten file, the fol- lowing Alert Box message will be displayed: ╔════════<>^v to Move══════════╗ ║ This deleted file has ║ ║ been overwritten. Press ║ ║ ESCape to quit display, ║ ║ Any other key to proceed... ║ ║ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════╝ If the ESCape key is pressed, AnaDisk returns to the file direc- tory display. If, however, any other key is pressed, AnaDisk displays information as if the file were not overwritten. To gather data for display, AnaDisk searches (forward) for the next unallocated area and displays it. Depending on the method by which the file was created, however, this may not actually reflect data contained in the file beyond the first allocation unit or cluster. Page 19 Search AnaDisk's Search function will examine a diskette for a match on any one of a series of search key values, referred to simply as keys. The search can extend over the entire diskette, the active file area, or just the deleted (inactive) area. Up to five 65- character keys may be specified; AnaDisk will search for all keys simultaneously and report a match on any key. +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ ESC to Exit AnaDisk 2.0 F1 for Help ╔══════════════════════════════════╗╔═══════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║║ Select - ESCape to quit, F1, help ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════╝╚═══════════════════════════════════╝ ╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ SEARCH DISK FOR DATA ║ ║ ║ ║ Select choices with -><- cursor keys. Move between lines with ^v ║ ║ keys. ENTER (<┘) confirms. ESCape returns to the main menu. ║ ║ ║ ║ Diskette Unit A: B: ║ ║ ║ ║ Source for search values KEYBOARD OLDVALUES ║ ║ ║ ║ Search alpha case-sensitive NO YES ║ ║ ║ ║ Search what part of the disk? ALL ACTIVE DELETED ║ ║ ║ ║ Print hits without pausing NO YES ║ ║ ║ ║ Masked Search NO YES ║ ╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝ +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ Figure 14: Search Menu. Keys may contain what are known as "don't care" or "wild card" values, which will match any character. To obtain the most effi- cient performance, a key should not begin with a "don't care" value. In addition, the search may be instructed to ignore the case of alphabetic data; e.g., the letter A will match both a and A. The Search menu is shown in Figure 14. The Source for search value selection offers two alternatives: Page 20 KEYBOARD specifies key entry from the keyboard. After all key values are entered, they may be saved to a file for later recall. OLD VALUES specifies that the keys entered for the preceding search should be used. This option is invalid for the first search of a AnaDisk session. Search alpha case-sensitive specifies whether the search should consider the case of alphabetic characters. If NO is selected, the search considers both upper- and lower-case alphabetic characters to be equivalent. Thus, DOG will match both DOG and dog if the search is not case-sensitive. Search what part of the disk? offers three alternatives. The first, ALL, specifies that the entire disk should be searched without regard to file boundaries or use of a sector. ACTIVE specifies that only the data areas belonging to files or their directories be searched; non-active (deleted or free) data areas will not be searched. DELETED specifies that only the deleted or unallocated areas of the disk should be examined. Print hits without pausing instructs AnaDisk to record all search matches on the printer without stopping for verification. Nor- mally, AnaDisk opens a window when a match is found, as shown in Figure 16, and requests further direction. Masked Search refers to the optional specification of an 8-bit hexadecimal quantity which determines which bits in a byte are to be taken into consideration when a comparison is made. Each bit in the mask quantity that contains a "0" represents a "don't care" position. That is, bits in these positions will have no effect on the outcome of a comparison. Conversely, those bit positions containing "1" bits will be considered in comparisons. A mask quantity of all zeroes would represent no significant positions and so will not be allowed by AnaDisk. When search keys are to be entered from the keyboard, the display in Figure 15 appears. Key values up to 65 characters may be en- tered; "don't care" values may be specified by the key combina- tion Alt-X. "Don't care" values will appear as highlighted in- verted question marks. Data entry may be performed in either ASCII or hexadecimal modes. Initially, data entry begins in ASCII mode; the Tab key is used to alternate between modes and may be used at any time. Regard- less of the mode used to enter search values, an appropriate rep- resentation appears in both the ASCII and the hexadecimal parts of the display as the values are entered. Page 21 -----------------------------------------------------------------------+ ESC to Exit AnaDisk 2.01 F1 for Help ╔══════════════════════════════════╗╔═══════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║║ Enter Search Key - F1 for help ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════╝╚═══════════════════════════════════╝ ╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ SPECIFY SEARCH VALUE ║ ║ ║ ║ Enter search value 1, 65 characters maximum. Alt-X for Don't Care, ║ ║ Alt-V for verbatim values, TAB changes hex/ASCII mode. Press ║ ║ ENTER (±┘) when done. ±┘ alone for last value. ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ---- ASCII ---- ║ ║ Magic Value█ ║ ║ ---- HEX ---- ║ ║ 4d 61 67 69 63 20 56 61 6c 75 65 ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝ +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ Figure 15: Search Key Entry Special non-printing characters can be entered in ASCII mode if first preceded by Alt-V, or verbatim key sequence. Unless it is part of a verbatim sequence, ESCape terminates data entry and return is made to the Main Menu. Both the cursor-left and the backspace keys may be used to erase the most recently typed character. When a key has been com- pletely entered, pressing the ENTER key will cause it to be stored and a prompt for the next key will appear. After the last key has been entered, pressing ENTER as the first character of the line will signal the end of key specification. Up to five search keys may be specified; AnaDisk will report matches on any of the specified keys. If use of a Search Mask has been indicated, the following is dis- played: Page 22 ╔════════<>^v to Move══════════╗ ║ Please enter hex ║ ║ search mask value: ║ ║ ║ ║ █ ║ ║ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════╝ The search mask value can then be entered. If a value of 0 is given, the following message is displayed: ╔════════<>^v to Move══════════╗ ║ A search mask value of ║ ║ 0 matches everything. Press ║ ║ any key to respecify the ║ ║ mask value. ║ ║ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════╝ A new search mask may then be entered, or, ESCape can be pressed, and a mask value of 255 ( FF hex) or all 1's will be used. +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ ESC to Exit AnaDisk 2.01 F1 for Help ├v┴╫┴┴┴┴╫┴┴┴┴╫┴┴┴┴╫┴┴┴┴╫┴┴┴╫┴┴┴┴╫┴┴┴╫┴┴┴┴╫┴┴┴╫┴┴┴┴╫┴┴┴┴╫┴┴┴┴╫┴┴┴┴╫┴┴┴┴╫┴┴ 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 ╔══════════════════════════════════╗╔═══════════════════════════════════╗ ║ A: Cyl 2 Side 0 Cluster 14 ║║ Working... ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════╝╚═══════════════════════════════════╝ ╔════════════ GENERAL ═════════════╗╔═══════════ ANALYSIS ══════════════╗ ║ ╔═══════════════════════════════════════╗e 1 ║ ║ Double-Sided Dou║ SEARCH MODE ║ta found ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ Sector size is 51║ Match on (1) "ERROR" ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ Cylinder 2 ║ ║ ║ ║ Side 0 ║ ║ ║ DOS 5¼" 360K Form║ Sector 3 ║ ║ ║ ║ Offset 001a(26) ║ ║ ║ ║ File \ANADISK.DOC ║ ║ ║___________________║ ║ ║ ║ FILE ALLOCATIO║ Press ESCape to terminate scan ║ ║ ║ ║ E to examine sector ║ ║ ║ Sectors Used: ║ C to continue searching ║ ║ ║ Sectors Reserv║ S to skip track ║ ║ ║ Sectors Flawed╚═══════════════════════════════════════╝ ║ ║ Sectors Free: ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════╝╚═══════════════════════════════════╝ +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ Figure 16: Search match display. Page 23 After obtaining the search keys, AnaDisk reads each diskette track and searches it for a match on each key value in succes- sion. If a matching value crosses (or "straddles") a track boundary, AnaDisk will report the value as occurring on the lower track. If a match is located, AnaDisk will then report the match if it occurs within the area of the disk that has been specified for searching, i.e., ALL, ACTIVE or DELETED. It is important to observe that AnaDisk searches the diskette in physical sector order; that is, the first sector of the first side of the first cylinder to the last sector of the last side of the last cylinder, which is not necessarily the way data is or- ganized within a given file. Unless Print hits without pausing has been selected, each match is reported as shown in Figure 16. The value of the matching key is also displayed. If any positions of the key were entered in hexadecimal mode, the key will be displayed in hexadecimal nota- tion. Otherwise, the key will be displayed in ASCII. When a match "hit" is displayed, four actions are possible, depending on the character entered from the keyboard: 1. If ESCape is pressed, the search terminates and AnaDisk exits to the main menu display. 2. If E is pressed, the sector in which the match occurred is displayed with the Edit Sectors display. If ESCape is pressed while in this display, AnaDisk exits to the match screen (Figure 16). 3. If C is pressed, the search continues with the next character after the data causing the match. 4. If S is pressed, the remainder of the track is skipped, and searching resumes with the data on the next track. Copy Diskette The Copy Diskette function performs a diskette-to-diskette copy operation. Within the limits of PC hardware, an exact copy of the original is made. This is the only instance in which AnaDisk can be used to write a diskette. It is strongly recommended that ALL original diskettes used with AnaDisk be write-protected! It is most important, however, to observe this precaution when performing the Copy Diskette func- tion; a brief mental lapse or distraction could result in the original diskette being written. Page 24 +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ ESC to Exit AnaDisk 2.01 F1 for Help ╔══════════════════════════════════╗╔═══════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║║ Select - ESCape to quit, F1, help ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════╝╚═══════════════════════════════════╝ ╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ COPY DISKETTE ║ ║ ║ ║ Select choices with -><-· cursor keys. ENTER (<┘) begins ║ ║ execution. F1 gets help, ESCape goes back to the opening menu. ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ Source Diskette Unit A: B: ║ ║ ║ ║ Destination Diskette Unit A: B: ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝ +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ Figure 17: Copy Diskette Menu. Diskettes can be copied using either one diskette drive, in which case diskette "swaps" will be required, or with two drives. If a two-drive copy is performed, the drives being used must both be capable of supporting the format being copied. It is not pos- sible, for example, to copy a 3.5" 720K diskette to a target in a 5.25" 360K drive. Should this be attempted, the following mes- sage appears: ╔════════<>^v to Move══════════╗ ║ The source diskette type ║ ║ is incompatible with the ║ ║ destination type. Press ║ ║ any key for Main Menu... ║ ║ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════╝ Because the diskette drives specified are unsuited for the par- ticular copy operation, AnaDisk exits to the Main Menu in order that a new drive selection can be made. The operation of the Copy Diskette function is straightforward. The source diskette is analyzed, track by track, and the data read from the source is accumulated in PC main memory. When no more data can be stored, the accumulated information is written to the destination diskette. Each track of data that has been Page 25 written is verified by reading the data back. The process con- tinues until there is no more data to be copied. Progress and error messages are displayed in the ANALYSIS window. Not all diskettes can be copied faithfully by AnaDisk, par- ticularly diskettes containing copy protection information writ- ten by specialized equipment, or diskettes that have been physi- cally modified (e.g., a hole burned by laser on a particular track). Nor can diskettes that have been written by some non-PC compatible systems, such as the Apple Macintosh, be copied using AnaDisk. Repair The Repair function will operate with DOS diskettes only. The diskette is scanned for data errors; any part of a file or sub- directory containing errors is moved to a free area on the dis- kette and the original sectors marked as flawed in the file al- location table. The data as read from the sectors containing the error is copied as read; note that this data may contain errors. The sectors containing the original data are left undisturbed. After the Repair function has been selected from the Main Menu, the diskette unit containing the diskette to be scanned is selected. A printer "log" of the repair activity may also be selected, if desired. AnaDisk then enters Scan mode. When a sector read error is detected, the display shown in figure 18 appears. If E is pressed, the sector containing the error will be displayed with the Sector Edit display. It may then be possible to correct the error by rewriting the sector. If M is pressed, the data from the diskette will be moved as read to a free area of the diskette and the File Allocation Table (FAT) adjusted accordingly. If ES- Cape is pressed, the error is left as-is, and the scan for errors continues. If the error occurs in a immovable area of the diskette, such as the root directory or FAT, the M option will not be displayed. In this case, it will be necessary to reconstruct the data manually. Before attempting a Repair operation, it is strongly suggested that a backup copy of the diskette be made with the Copy func- tion. Additionally, it should be noted that attempting to repair a diskette in a 1.2M drive which was written using a 360K drive may result in a diskette that is unreadable in a 360K drive. AnaDisk will request confirmation before proceeding with a repair of this type. Page 26 +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ ESC to Exit AnaDisk 2.01 F1 for Help ├┴┴╫┴^┴┴╫┴┴┴┴╫┴┴┴┴╫┴┴┴┴╫┴┴┴╫┴┴┴┴╫┴┴┴╫┴┴┴┴╫┴┴┴╫┴┴┴┴╫┴┴┴┴╫┴┴┴┴╫┴┴┴┴╫┴┴┴┴╫┴┴ 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 ╔══════════════════════════════════╗╔═══════════════════════════════════╗ ║ A: Cyl 7 Side 1 Cluster 190 ║║ Working... ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════╝╚═══════════════════════════════════╝ ╔════════════ GENERAL ═════════════╗╔═══════════ ANALYSIS ══════════════╗ ║ ║║ Track 7, Side 1 ║ ║ Double-Sided ╔═════════════ ! ══════════════╗D. adding sector 115 ║ ║ Interleave is║ Data error detected. Press ║ from 1 to 115 ║ ║ Sector size i║ E to edit data, M to move, ║ data error ║ ║ Side 0 sector║ ESC to ignore error. ║ is in ║ ║ Side 1 sector║ ║ DEF ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ DOS 5¼" 1200K╚══════════════════════════════╝ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║║ ║ ║----------------------------------║║ ║ ║ FILE ALLOCATION TABLE (FAT) ║║ ║ ║ ║║ ║ ║ Sectors Used: 772 ( 386K) ║║ ║ ║ Sectors Reserved: 0 ( 0K) ║║ ║ ║ Sectors Flawed: 0 ( 0K) ║║ ║ ║ Sectors Free: 1599 ( 799K) ║║ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════╝╚═══════════════════════════════════╝ +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ Figure 18: Repair Diskette Display. FAT Editor AnaDisk provides a facility for displaying and editing the DOS File Allocation Table, or FAT, on a diskette. After FAT edit mode is selected from the Main Menu, the drive containing the diskette to be edited is selected. If the diskette being ex- amined has a valid File Allocation Table, a display similar to that shown in Figure 19 appears. The FAT describes how the groups of sectors, or Clusters, are put together. Every file directory entry contains the number of the first cluster for a file. If a file is less than one cluster in length, the entry for that cluster will contain the value 4095, signifying the end of the cluster list. If the file is larger than one cluster, however, each cluster in the FAT will "point" to the next one, forming a chain of clusters. Page 27 +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ ESC to Exit AnaDisk 2.01 F1 for Help ╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ F1 Help F2 Edit Cluster F3 What File? F4 Write FAT ║ ║ F5 Enter value F6 Re-read FAT F7 Hex ESC Exit ║ ║ ║ ║ 4088-4095 End-of-file 4087 Bad Cluster 4080-4086 Reserved ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ Cluster 2(0002) = 3(3) ║ ╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝ ╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ 00000 4089 4095 3 4 5 - 6 7 8 9 10 ║ ║ 00010 11 12 13 14 15 - 16 17 18 19 20 ║ ║ 00020 21 22 23 24 4095 - 26 27 28 29 30 ║ ║ 00030 31 32 33 34 35 - 36 37 38 39 40 ║ ║ 00040 41 42 43 44 45 - 46 47 48 49 50 ║ ║ 00050 51 52 53 54 55 - 56 57 58 59 60 ║ ║ 00060 61 62 63 64 65 - 66 67 68 69 70 ║ ║ 00070 71 72 73 74 75 - 76 77 78 79 80 ║ ║ 00080 81 82 83 84 85 - 86 87 88 89 90 ║ ║ 00090 91 92 93 94 95 - 96 97 98 99 100 ║ ║ 00100 101 102 103 104 105 - 106 107 108 109 110 ║ ║ 00110 111 112 113 114 115 - 116 117 118 119 120 ║ ║ 00120 121 122 123 124 125 - 126 127 128 129 130 ║ ╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝ +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ Figure 19: FAT Editor Display Certain FAT values have certain meanings. The first value in the FAT is simply used to identify the FAT type; the second always has the value 4095. A value of 4087 indicates that a block con- tains an error--this is almost always set by the FORMAT program. A value of 0 specifies a "free" or unallocated cluster. The cursor may be moved about the editing display, the up- down- right- and left-cursor keys and the PgUp and PgDn keys perform the navigation. In addition, the following function keys have special meaning: F1 Produces a help display. F2 Produces a Sector Edit display for the currently high- lighted cluster. F3 Identifies the file to which the currently highlighted cluster belongs. F4 Rewrites the modified FAT to a diskette. AnaDisk re- quests confirmation before writing, however. F5 Allows a new value for the currently highlighted cluster to be entered. Page 28 F6 Reads the FAT from a diskette. Any changes that were made to the displayed FAT are lost. F7 Toggles between a hexadecimal and decimal display. ESC Returns to the main menu. Any changes made to the dis- played FAT are lost. AnaDisk performs a few checks on the value entered when the F5 function is selected. The value must lie within the range of al- locatable clusters for the diskette and not be already allocated to some other file. Custom Format Design AnaDisk provides a custom format design facility which may be used to produce formatted diskettes for non-DOS computers or to design a rudimentary "copy-protection" method. AnaDisk's custom formatting function is not intended for use by beginners; a detailed knowledge of diskette structure is necessary for effec- tive use of this feature. After the FORMAT function has been selected from the Main Menu, the diskette drive containing the diskette to be formatted is selected. A display similar to that shown in Figure 20 then ap- pears. Because of checking that is performed by AnaDisk, the simplest operation can be obtained if the following sequence of steps is observed: To "lay out" a format, first select the sector size using the F2 key; each depression of this key cycles through the allowable sector sizes from 128 to 8,192 bytes. Next, set the recording mode (FM or single-density, MFM or double-density) using the F5 key. Either a high- or low-density data rate should be next selected using the F6 key. The number of sectors per track are then set using the F3 key. If too many sectors are specified for the given recording mode and density, the sector count will be adjusted to the largest number of sectors that will fit on the track. The actual starting cylinder is set with F4. Note that a high- density 1.2M 5.25" is considered to possess 80 cylinders, regard- less of density. The cylinder increment between formatted cylinders is set with F8. The total number of cylinders for- matted is set with F9. Note that this is the total count of cylinders formatted, and not the highest cylinder number. The side or sides to be formatted is set with F7 and may be side 0, side 1 or both sides. The F10 key is used to duplicate the pre- vious editing display line into the currently highlighted line. Page 29 +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ ESC to Exit AnaDisk 2.01 F1 for Help ╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ F1 Help F2 Size 512 F3 10 Sectors F4 Start Cyl. 0 ║ ║ F5 MFM F6 low-density F7 Both Sides F8 Step 1 ║ ║ F9 80 Cyls. F10 Duplicate <┘ BEGIN FORMAT ESC Exit ║ ║ ║ ║ ENTER TERM ║ ║ F2S Cylinder F3S Cyl. Count F4S Side F5S Sector F6S Constant ║ ║ + Add - Subtract * Multiply / Divide . End ║ ╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝ ╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ NO. ---CYLINDER--- --- SIDE --- --- SECTOR --- --- LENGTH --- ║ ║ 1. CYL*2 HD SCT-1 2 ║ ║ 2. CYL*2 HD SCT-1 2 ║ ║ 3. CYL*2 HD SCT-1 2 ║ ║ 4. CYL*2 HD SCT-1 2 ║ ║ 5. CYL*2 HD SCT-1 2 ║ ║ 6. CYL*2 HD SCT-1 2 ║ ║ 7. CYL*2 HD SCT-1 2 ║ ║ 8. CYL*2 HD SCT-1 2 ║ ║ 9. CYL*2 HD SCT-1 2 ║ ║ 10. CYL*2 HD SCT-1 2 ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝ +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ Figure 20: Custom Format Display By default, sector ID address headers written are as follows: ID Cylinder: Actual cylinder ID Head: Actual side ID Sector: Starts with 1, increments by 1 ID Length: Actual sector length These defaults should suffice for most "normal" applications. However, the values for each ID address field may be altered con- siderably. Each entry in the ID address table shown in the lower part of the display can take on the following mathematical representation: value1 op value2 op value3 op value4 Where each value is either a constant or one of the following special values: Page 30 Shift-F2 is the number of the actual cylinder currently being formatted; shown as CYL on the editing dis- play. Shift-F3 is the count of the cylinders that have been for- matted up to this point; shown as CNT on the edit- ing display. Shift-F4 is the side (0 or 1) currently being formatted; shown as HD on the editing display. Shift-F5 is the number of the current sector on this track, starting with 1; shown as SCT on the editing dis- play. Shift-F6 is used to specify a fixed numeric value between 0 and 255. op can be one of the following: + for addition - for subtraction * for multiplication / for division If a period (.) is entered for op, the expression is terminated at that point. Expressions are evaluated from left-to-right; results are limited to 8 bits (decimal 255). Division by zero results in zero with no diagnostic. Overflow is ignored. For example, suppose it is desired to produce a single-sided for- mat where the ID address cylinder field begins with 39 and ends with 0 at the innermost track. The expression for the CYLINDER field for every sector in the editing display would be: 39-CYL It should be observed that the Custom Format function only writes the format pattern to a diskette. Other data, such as system tables must be written using other means, such as the Sector Edit function. It should be further observed that all sectors written by the Custom Format are of the same size, regardless of the length specifier in the ID Address header. Dump Operation The Dump operation writes a specified area of a diskette to a DOS file. After selecting the Dump option from the Main Menu, the diskette drive containing the diskette to be read, the range of cylinders and sides to be written to a specified DOS file are selected. Each sector written to the file is optionally preceded by an 8-byte header record of the following form: Page 31 +------+------+------+------+------+------+----------+ | ACYL | ASID | LCYL | LSID | LSEC | LLEN | COUNT | +------+------+------+------+------+------+----------+ ACYL Actual cylinder, 1 byte ASID Actual side, 1 byte LCYL Logical cylinder; cylinder as read, 1 byte LSID Logical side; or side as read, 1 byte LSEC Sector number as read, 1 byte LLEN Length code as read, 1 byte COUNT Byte count of data to follow, 2 bytes. If zero, no data is contained in this sector. All sectors occurring on a side will be grouped together; however, they will appear in the same order as they occurred on the diskette. Therefore, if an 8 sector-per-track diskette were scanned which had a physical interleave of 2:1, the sectors might appear in the order 1,5,2,6,3,7,4,8 in the DOS dump file. After the last specified cylinder has been written to the DOS file, AnaDisk returns to the Main Menu. In Conclusion... We believe that AnaDisk Version 2.0 represents a major improve- ment over earlier verisons. Our list of features yet to be added to AnaDisk includes an intelligent file unerase, save and load data to a DOS file--and yes, a hard disk version! All of which is made possible by your support of the Shareware concept. We hope we will continue to be deserving of that sup- port. If there is any way in which we can assist you with this product, please call or drop us a line. Page 32 Other Sydex Products AnaDisk -- The compleat diskette utility. Nothing like it anywhere else; scan, edit, repair and copy just about any kind of diskette. $25.00 ($150.00 site) registration fee. Con>Format -- Concurrent "background" diskette formatter. Features "pop-up" operation and "hot key" activation. You've got to see it to believe. Supports all current DOS formats. $15.00 ($50.00 site) registration fee. 22DISK -- Transfer files, format, examine and erase files on "foreign" CP/M diskettes on your PC. Includes tips on sup- porting 8" and 5.25" single-density diskettes. Contains definitions for over 200 different formats. $25.00 ($100.00 site) registration fee. 22NICE -- A CP/M 2.2 emulation package. Supports the NEC V-series chips or performs emulation by software for both the 8080 and Z80 processors. Includes terminal emulation and diskette handling for common CP/M systems. Includes 22DISK. $40.00 ($150.00 site) registration fee. TeleDisk -- Turn any diskette into a compressed data file and vice-versa. Allows you to send and receive entire dis- kettes via modem. Even works with some "copy-protected" diskettes. $20.00 ($65.00 site) registration fee. COPYQM -- Mass diskette duplicator. Format, copy and verify multiple diskettes from a single master. Implements "no keyboard" interaction mode and drive "round robin" servic- ing. Supports all standard DOS formats. $15.00 ($50.00 site) registration fee. FORMATQM -- Mass diskette formatter - format a box of dis- kettes at a single sitting. Implements "no keyboard" inter- action mode and drive "round robin" servicing. Supports all standard DOS formats. $10.00 ($40.00 site) registration fee. ...And, soon to be released: InterDisk - The universal Diskette Interchange utility. Features user-programmable media conversion for those for- mats not covered by 22DISK. Available 1Q90. Information on any of these products can be obtained from Sydex by calling (408) 739-4866 (voice) or by leaving a request on our Bulletin Board System (408) 738-2860 (1200-9600 bps, N81). Page 33