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- HELP(1) MS-DOS utilities HELP(1)
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- NAME
- HELP - obtain help on DOS commands
-
- SYNOPSIS
- help [ -1facpbqh ] [ -i[n] ] [ -k|K keyword ...] [keyword
- ... ]
-
- DESCRIPTION
- Help is a program to retrieve and display entries from a
- help file. It can operate in a full screen interactive
- browsing mode, or a command line mode which writes only to
- standard output and should work on generic MSDOS computers.
- The helpfiles are pure ascii and can easily be edited and
- extended for local variations in commands.
-
- INTERACTIVE HELP
- If help is entered without any commands specified, it enters
- a full screen interactive help browsing mode. A window is
- placed on the screen with a sorted list of all available
- help entries. There is always one entry highlighted, and
- pressing <return> will retrieve help entry for this item.
- If environment variable PAGER is defined, it is assumed to
- be a program to be used for displaying the help entry,
- otherwise the entry is copied directly to the screen.
- Options allow the action to be customised for you favourite
- pager. A program used for the PAGER must be able to read
- from a pipe. Selection from the list continues until <ESC>
- is pressed.
-
- NOTE: use of a PAGER variable may slow the response
- noticeably, unless the PAGER program is placed in RAM disk,
- and the path set to include this. The command processor
- (COMMAND.COM or other) is not used for this (PAGER is
- executed directly) When interactive mode is used, the screen
- will be saved and restored after use. In addition, the
- temporary file necessary for this operation may be placed in
- a RAM disk by setting variable TMPDIR or TMP to a suitable
- location.
-
- The following keys are recognised in interactive mode:
-
- <return>
- select the current item <space>
-
- <up>
- move current line up or down, scrolling as needed
- <down>
-
- <home>
- jump to beginning and end of list, respectively <end>
-
- <pageup> <pagedown>
- scroll the list one window at a time
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- Page 1 (printed 9/23/90)
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- HELP(1) MS-DOS utilities HELP(1)
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- A-Z
- alphabetic keys will scroll the list to the first entry
- beginning with the letter you type, or the following
- entry if none matches
-
- F1
- pop up a help window describing key actions
-
- F2
- toggle between displaying name, or full synopsis line
-
- F3
- toggle synopsis line on current item only
-
- F4
- extract a list of cross references from the current
- item, and open a new selection window. This can be
- used recursively
-
- F10
- window goes into move/resize mode. Use arrow keys to
- move it, shift-arrows to resize left and bottom edges,
- <esc> or F10 to continue (see below)
-
- <ESC>
- Exit the program and restore screen
-
- Moving/Resizing the Window:
- The window containing the list of keywords can be moved or
- resized by pressing F10. This ability is for the benefit of
- other programs that call help as a child process, with a
- custom help file. The window can be moved and resized with
- the following keys:
-
- arrow keys:
- move window 1 space at a time in the appropriate
- direction
-
- control-arrow keys:
- move window to extreme edge of screen in the
- appropriate direction
-
- shift-arrow keys
- resize by dragging right and bottom edges of the window
-
- control-shift-arrow keys
- resize by moving right and bottom edges maximum
- possible distance
-
- <ESC>
- redraw window in the current position and continue with
- program
-
- F10
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- Page 2 (printed 9/23/90)
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- HELP(1) MS-DOS utilities HELP(1)
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- redraw window in the current position and continue with
- program, but attempt to "lock" window position so that
- a subsequent call to this program will use the new
- window position. This function uses the
- "Interapplication Communication Area" (ICA) in the BIOS
- data block. If any other program is also using the ICA,
- help will NOT overwrite it's contents. The ICA may
- contain garbage when the machine is first booted, so a
- small program (clearica.com) is provided to fill the
- ICA with zeroes. The ICA is not documented in the PS/2
- BIOS and this function may not work. Using F10 should
- not cause problems with the PS/2, but clearica may
- cause problems. The sub-windows use with the F4 (cross
- reference) command may be moved but not locked.
-
- OPTIONS (apply to interactive mode only)
-
- -c
- screen clear between each display. Use this if you
- specify a pager which does not clear the screen before
- starting.
-
- -K key key ...
- apropos keyword (see below) with interactive browsing.
- The list displayed for selection contains only those
- items which contain one of the keywords in the
- synopsis.
-
- -p
- pauses after each display. Use this if you specify a
- pager that does not pause at the end of the file (e.g.
- DOS MORE)
-
- -q
- quiet mode - flash instead of beeping
-
- -b
- bios used for screen output instead of directvideo (use
- if compatiblity problems arise with default action)
-
- COMMAND LINE HELP
- If the format help command is used, then the helpfile is
- searched for "command", and if found, it is printed to
- standard output. Multiple commands may be listed and they
- will be searched for in order.
-
- If the format help -k keyword is used, the 1-line synopses
- for each help entry are searched for "keyword" and all those
- that match are copied to standard output.
-
- The command line help uses pure DOS i/o and should work on
- any generic MS-DOS machine, including non-IBM compatibles.
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- Page 3 (printed 9/23/90)
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- HELP(1) MS-DOS utilities HELP(1)
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- OPTIONS (apply to non-interactive mode)
-
- -i
- Print index of entries in help file. If followed by a
- number <n>, print <n> keywords per line (default 5).
-
- -1
- Print single file index of entries in help file, with
- no header
-
- -k key key ...
- Print synopsis of all entries related to <keyword>. All
- command line arguments after -k are taken to be
- keywords for synopsis search rather than entries to
- display full text for. The synopsis search is
- simpleminded, no regular expressions or boolean
- combinations of keywords.
-
- -f
- Force rebuild of index files
-
- -h
- Print 1 page summary of program
-
- -a
- Ansi_mode. Do NOT enter interactive mode if no
- commands are listed (for use on machines for which this
- causes trouble). If no commands are listed, then
- "HELP" is looked up instead.
-
- DESCRIPTION of HELPFILES
- The helpfile consists of one or more ascii files, with the
- index words (and aliases) marked as explaied below. The
- files are treated effectively as though concatenated. An
- index is built and stored in a separate file whenever help
- detects that the index is out of date with respect to the
- helpfile. The helpfile may be edited with any text editor.
- The file supplied has brief descriptions of most of the
- MSDOS 4.01 and earlier commands. A 1-line description of
- every help entry is also stored in the index file. This may
- be searched for keywords by using the "apropos" command:
- help -k keyword
-
- The commands and keywords are not case sensitive. All
- output is to standard output which may be redirected to a
- file or printer. Some of the longer entries exceed one
- screen and may be piped through "more" or any other pager.
-
- The default directory for the help file is "/lib". This may
- be overridden by setting the environment variable HELPDIR
-
- The default name for the help file is "helpfile". This may
- be overridden by setting the environment variable HELPFILE.
- HELPFILE may contain a list of file names separated by ";"
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- Page 4 (printed 9/23/90)
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- HELP(1) MS-DOS utilities HELP(1)
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-
- and HELP will cycle through each in turn. This allows help
- files for different types of programs to be maintained in
- logical groupings, but searched as if they were a single
- file. They must all reside in the same directory. If any
- files are not present, a diagnostic will be displayed but
- the others will be processed.
-
- The index file for each help file is created by appending
- .idx to the data file name. The data file should therefore
- have no extension.
-
- The format for the help files is:
- keyword [,alias ,alias ...] [#xref #xref ...]
- keyword - 1 line description to be used by the -k option
- ...
- any number of lines of text, up to EOF or next # at start of
- line ...
-
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- keyword
- - primary index for this help entry
-
- alias
- - alternate index terms for this help entry
-
- #xref
- - keywords prepended by "#" are cross-references used
- by the F4 command in interactive mode. All items on the
- index line are space or comma delimited, and the line
- may be up to 134 characters.
-
- In all of the descriptions of command usage:
-
- [brackets]
- indicates optional items.
-
- indicates that the previous parameter may be repeated.
-
- d:
- represents a valid drive letter (with colon)
-
- path
- represents a directory path
-
- filename
- is a DOS filename (with extension)
-
- filespec
- is a DOS filename optionally with "*" and "?" wildcards
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- nnn
- is generally a numeric parameter to be supplied
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- Page 5 (printed 9/23/90)
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- HELP(1) MS-DOS utilities HELP(1)
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- The help files use the format in the MKS toolkit help, of
- which this was originally a clone. See the documentation
- file for more information
-
- FILES
- /lib/helpfile default datafile containing help info
- /lib/helpfile.idx default index file
- HELPDIR Environment variable - directory for helpfile
- HELPFILE Environment variable - alternate name(s) for
- helpfile
- PAGER Program to use for displaying help entries
- HELP If set, is parsed as a command line argument before the
- other arguments.
- COLOR Environment variable - if set, is parsed as for the
- 4DOS COLOR command and used to set the screen colours for
- the interactive selection windows. The syntax is "fg ON bg"
- where fg and bg are foreground and background colours taken
- from the from the list "BLACK BLUE GREEN CYAN RED MAGENTA
- YELLOW GRAY"
-
- BUGS
- It would be useful if the last help entry viewed were to
- remain on the screen at exit. Since the help program has no
- control over which pager is used, this is not always
- possible. It is also not possible to preserve the screen
- when recursive calls are made to the cross-reference
- feature. In general, for any given pager, the best
- combination of -c and -p options will need to be determined
- empirically.
-
- AUTHORS
- Original Author: uwmacc!harvard!killer!wnp (Wolf Paul)
- Environment variable handling by: plocher@uwspan.uucp (John
- Plocher)
- Addition of all -options, interactive mode, multiple
- helpfiles and pretty much rewrote everything.
- richard@calvin.spp.cornell.edu
-
- (Richard Brittain) School of Electrical Engineering, Upson
- Hall Cornell University, Ithaca NY 14853
-
- Code for the popen/pclose routines was taken from a BBS and
- it bears no author name.
-
- Permission is granted to copy and use the compiled program
- and documentation for any non-commercial use, provided all
- copyright information is retained.
- Copyright 1990 by Richard Brittain
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