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- The Use of UNIX Regular Expressions
-
- Regular Expressions are a standard function of the UNIX operating system.
- They are used to search for or replace text located within files or from the
- keyboard. The UNIX commands GREP (Global Regular Expression Print) and
- SUBS (SUBstitue Strings) are used to manipulate text via regular expressions.
-
- There are various characters that the reuglar expression processor sees as
- having special meaning. These special characters are:
-
- . period matches any alpha-numeric character
-
- ^ caret matches the beginning of the line
- zgrep ^#include
- will find all line beginning with #include
-
- $ dollar matches the end of the line
- zgrep }$
- will find all lines ending with a close brace
-
- * asterisk Repeats any number of the last pattern. Includes
- zero repetitions.
- zgrep test*
- finds lines with at least one occurence of test.
-
- [] brakets specifies a set of given characters.
- zgrep ^[abcd0123]
- will find lines begining with any one of the
- specified characters.
-
- - hyphen denotes a range of characters.
- zgrep [A-Z0-9]$
- finds lines ending in a capital letter or a number.
-
- \ backslash removes the special characteristics of a character.
- zgrep \$
- finds dollar signs in a line of text.
- zgrep ^[A-D].*\.C$
- will locate all .C files that begin with the letters
- A through D. Notice the escaping of the '.' before
- the C extent.
-
- , comma separates multiple reglar expressions
- zgrep ^[A-D],EXE$
-
- will locate all files that begin with the letters
- A through D and All files that end in EXE.
-
- NOTE: When the caret (^) is used as the first character after a left
- square braket, it reverses the meaning of the search.
- zgrep [^A-Z]&
- will find all lines not ending with a capital letter.
- zgrep ^[^A-Z]
- will find all lines not begining with a capital letter. Note that
- in this case the caret is used in both contexts.
-
- Pattern Segments
-
- At times is is useful to denote a segment of the search string. In
- ZGrep is a powerful tool to find any combination of file names.
-
- \( denotes the beginning of a segment.
- \) denotes the end of a segment.
-
- The best way to understand this usage is by example.
-
- To find all files that begin with the letters A-M
-
- \(.*\) [A-M]
-
-
- In this command the use of the '.*' within the first segment is a powerful
- construction. It is the same as the DOS '*' wild card. The period followed by
- the asterisk means repeat any character any number of times. The files of the
- file is the first part of the search.
-